xìng: | lǚ | |||||||||
míng: | zhì | |||||||||
zì: | é xǔ | |||||||||
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qián 202 nián, liú bāng chēng dì, fēng lǚ zhì wéi huáng hòu, wéi liú bāng jiǎn chú yì xìng zhū wáng hóu zhōng qǐ liǎo hěn dà zuò yòng。 tā shì liú bāng dìng tiān xià de dé lì zhù shǒu。
liú bāng qù shì hòu, huì dì lì,
tā sǐ yú qián 180 nián, shí nián 62 suì。 sǐ hòu, lǚ shì jiā zú jiù bèi chén píng, zhōu bó yī wǎng dǎ jìn。 shì yī wèi xìng gé gāng yì、 yòu bào fù、 yòu tāo lüè、 yòu zuò wéi de zhèng zhì jiā。
【 jiéfà liú bāng】
lǚ gōng gāng gāng kè jū pèi xiàn de shí hòu, xiàn lǐ de guān yuán、 háo shēn tīng shuō xiàn lìng jiā lái liǎo guì kè, biàn dōulái còu qián hē jiǔ。 fù zé jiē shōu hè lǐ de rén, jiù shì hòu lái liú bāng shǒu xià “ sān jié ” zhī yī de xiāo hé。 cǐ shí, xiāo hé shì pèi xiàn xiàn lìng shǒu xià yī míng guān yuán。 zhè cì jiǔ yàn, xiāo hé zhù guǎn shōu lǐ。 àn zhào guī dìng, xiàn qián bù mǎn yī qiān de rén zhǐ néng zài táng xià hē jiǔ; còu qián chāo guò yī qiān de rén cái néng dào táng shàng hē jiǔ。 liú bāng lái dào yǐ hòu, gāo hǎn yī shēng“ sì shuǐ tíng cháng liú j씓 hè qián wàn”(《 shǐ jì · gāo zǔ běn jì》), jiù zhí jiē lái dào táng shàng, shí jì shàng, liú bāng yī gè zǐ méi ná。 lǚ gōng yī tīng“ sì shuǐ tíng cháng liú j씓 hè qián wàn”, dà wéi jīng yà, gǎn kuài qǐ shēn xiāng yíng。 yīn wéi“ hè qián wàn” zài dāng shí shì gè fēi cháng liǎo bù dé de shù zì。 cóng jiǔ yàn de guī dìng kàn, chū yī qiān qián dedōu suàn shì guì kè, dōuyào qǐng dào táng shàng hē jiǔ。 ná yī wàn qián, dāng rán lìng rén dà chī yī jīng。 cóng lái rén de shēn fèn kàn, bǐ tíng cháng guān gāo de rén bù shǎo, dàn dōuméi yòu“ hè qián wàn”。 ná yī wàn qián, dāng rán lìng rén dà chī yī jīng。 cóng shí jì shōu rù shàng kàn, qín dài yī wèi xiàn lìng de nián fèng yě zhǐ shì shù qiān qián, zhì yú tíng cháng, yī nián de fèng qián bù zú shù qiān。 yī gè tíng cháng yī cì jiǔ yàn gǎn yú“ hè qián wàn”, jué duì shì tiān wén shù zì, yě shì bù kě néng de shì。 lǚ gōng dāng rán zhī dào liú bāng bù kě néng“ hè qián wàn”, dàn shì, lǚ gōng shì yī gè yòu zhèng zhì tóu nǎo de rén; tā kàn zhōng de shì liú bāng de dǎn liàng hé qián zài de zhèng zhì jiā sù zhì。 suǒ yǐ, lǚ gōng tīng dào zhè me yī gè tiān wén shù zì, lì jí duì liú bāng chǎn shēng liǎo shí fēn qiáng liè de xīng qù。
lǚ gōng zhè gè rén hái yòu yī gè tè diǎn, fēi cháng mí xìn xiàngmiàn。 yīn cǐ, tā duì kǒu chū dà yán de liú bāng de miànxiàng yě fēi cháng chī jīng。 kè réndōu zǒu liǎo zhī hòu, lǚ gōng duì liú bāng shuō: wǒ píng shēng wéi rén xiàngmiàn duō jí liǎo, dàn cóng lái méi yòu jiàn dào nǐ zhè yàng de miànxiàng。 wǒ yòu yī gè nǚ 'ér, xiǎng xǔ gěi nǐ wéi qī, xī wàng nǐ bù yào xián qì。 liú bāng cǐ shí hái méi yòu qī zǐ, yī tīng shuō yòu zhè zhǒng hǎo shì, xǐ chū wàng wài, mǎ shàng dāyìng xià lái。 dàn shì, lǚ gōng jià nǚ yī shì lǚ gōng de lǎo pó bù dāyìng: nǐ píng shí zǒng shuō zán nǚ 'ér shì gè fù guì xiāng, yào xǔ gè fù guì zhī rén jiā, pèi xiàn xiàn lìng duì nǐ zhè me hǎo, tā lái qiú hūn nǐ dū bù dāyìng, wèishénme fēi yào jià gěi zhè gè liú jì? lǚ gōng huí dá: cǐ fēi 'ér nǚ zǐ suǒ zhī yě。 héng héng《 shǐ jì · gāo zǔ běn jì》
lǚ gōng de jiā shì lǚ gōng yī rén shuō liǎo suàn, jìn guǎn tā de qī zǐ fǎn duì, dàn shì, tā de qī zǐ bìng bù dāng jiā; zhè yàng, lǚ zhì jiù chéng liǎo liú bāng de qī zǐ。 zhí dé zhòng shì de shì lǚ zhì de tài dù。 zuò wéi zhè chǎng hūn shì dāng shì rén de lǚ zhì, méi yòu sī háo yuàn yán dì jiē shòu liǎo fù qīn duì zì jǐ zhōng shēn dà shì de 'ān pái。 kě jiàn, wèi chū gé de
liú bāng chū shēng yú gōng yuán qián 256 nián, lǚ zhì zé shì gōng yuán qián 241 nián, liǎng zhě nián líng xiāngchà yìng jì wéi 15 suì。 shàng miàn kuò hào nèi de wén zì shí wéi hòu rén tuī duàn yì xiǎng, bù gòu kè guān。
【 yù rén bù shū】
lǚ zhì chū jià zhī shí hái yòu yī gè lìng tā fēi cháng nán bàn de wèn tí: liú bāng yǐ jīng yòu liǎo yī gè fēi hūn shēng de 'ér zǐ liú féi。 bù dào 'èr shí suì de lǚ zhì jià gěi liǎo dà tā shí wǔ suì de zhōng nián tíng cháng liú bāng, ér qiě, zhè wèi tíng cháng suī rán méi yòu zhèng shì jié hūn, què yòu liǎo yī wèi wèi hūn shēng yù de 'ér zǐ。( zài liú bāng fā jì zhī qián, lǚ zhì duì liú féi méi yòu rèn hé kē kè zhī jǔ, zhè duì yī wèi zhàng fū cháng zì jǐ 'èr shí duō suì de shàofù lái shuō, shí shǔ bù yì。)
lián lěi rù yù
liú bāng zuò liǎo sì shuǐ tíng cháng zhī hòu, yào fù zé wǎng lì shān yā sòng fú láo yì de rén。 yī cì yā sòng lì shān láo yì, yī lù shàng bù duàn yòu rén táo wáng。 wú nài zhī xià, tā gān cuì zài fēng xiàn xī biān de dà zé zhōngjiàng shèng yú hái méi yòu táo de rén quán fàng liǎo, bìng qiě shuō:“ gōng děng jiē qù, wú yì cóng cǐ shì yǐ。”(《 shǐ jì · gāo zǔ běn jì》) liú bāng zhè yī shuō yī fàng, fǎn dǎo gǎn dòng liǎo shí jǐ gè bù yuàn táo de rén, yuàn yì gēn suí liú bāng。 liú bāng jiù dài zhe zhè huǒ rén páo dào máng dàng shān( jīn hé nán yǒng chéng) luò cǎo wéi kòu liǎo。
liú bāng shēn wéi tíng cháng, yā sòng lí shān láo gōng, jìng rán fàng zǒu láo gōng、 zì jǐ táo wáng, zhè dāng rán wéi qín fǎ nán róng。 cháng yán dào: páo liǎo hé shàng páo bù liǎo miào。 liú bāng kě yǐ yī zǒu liǎo zhī, lǚ zhì què wèicǐ xià liǎo yù。
jiān yù lǐ de shēng huó lì lái bù hǎo guò, lǚ zhì jìn liǎo qín dài pèi xiàn de jiān yù yě hǎo bù dào nǎ 'ér。 jiān yù zhī zhōng dà wèn tí zhī yī shì yù zú duì lǚ zhì bù lǐ mào, lǚ zhì zài yù zhōng wéi liú bāng jiū jìng shòu liǎo shénme zuì shǐ shū méi yòu jìzǎi; dàn shì, pèi xiàn jiān yù zhōng yòu yī gè jiào rèn 'áo de yù zú, píng rì hé sì shuǐ tíng cháng liú bāng de guān xì tǐng tiě。 rèn 'áo kàn jiàn yù zú nüè dài lǚ zhì, yī nù zhī xià dǎ shāng liǎo nà gè nüè dài lǚ zhì de yù zú。 zhè yī xià zǐ, pèi xiàn jiān yù de yù zú zài yě méi yòu rén gǎn yú qī wǔ lǚ zhì liǎo。( rèn 'áo dǎ shāng nüè dài lǚ zhì de yù zú, shuō míng lǚ zhì zài pèi xiàn jiān yù zhī zhōng shòu guò nüè dài
diān pèi liú lí
hàn 'èr nián sì yuè, liú bāng zài hái dìng sān qín zhī hòu, shuài lǐng wǔ shí liù wàn dà jūn dǎ dào liǎo xī chǔ dū chéng péng chéng。 cǐ shí de xiàng yǔ zhèng zài qí dì máng yú píng pàn, liú bāng chèn xū 'ér rù dǎ jìn liǎo xī chǔ guó dū péng chéng。 liú bāng cǐ xíng de mùdì yòu liǎng gè: yī shì xiāo miè xiàng yǔ jí tuán; èr shì yào jiē zǒu tā de fù qīn、 qī zǐ、 ér zǐ、 nǚ 'ér。 dàn shì, liú bāng dào liǎo péng chéng zhī hòu, bìng méi yòu jí zhe jiē qīn rén, fǎn 'ér zài péng chéng máng yú jiē shōu xiàng yǔ cóng qín cháo dū chéng dài zǒu de měi nǚ、 cái bǎo。 xiàng yǔ de zhù yào móu shì fàn zēng céng jīng gěi liú bāng xià guò yī gè dìng lùn:“ pèi gōng jū shān dōng shí, tān yú cái huò, hǎo měi jī。”(《 shǐ jì · xiàng yǔ běn jì》) tān cái hàosè, liú bāng dǎ dào péng chéng zhī hòu de biǎo xiàn yàn zhèng liǎo fàn zēng de píng jià。
děng dào xiàng yǔ shā huí péng chéng, liú bāng cái jí máng pài rén qù jiē jiā shǔ, dàn shì, cǐ shí xiàng yǔ yě yǐ pài rén qù zhǎo liú bāng de jiā shǔ。 liú bāng de jiā shǔ dān xīn zì jǐ de shēng mìng 'ān quán, zǎo zài xiàng yǔ lái rén zhī qián yǐ jīng duǒ qǐ lái liǎo。 jiēguǒ, liú bāng pài lái jiē jiā shǔ de rén méi yòu zhǎo dào liú bāng de fù qīn hé qī zǐ, xiàng yǔ pài lái zhǎo liú bāng jiā shǔ de rén yě méi yòu zhǎo dào liú bāng de fù qīn hé qī zǐ。 bù jǐn rú cǐ, ér qiě liú bāng de fù qīn、 qī zǐ yǔ liú bāng de 'ér zǐ、 nǚ 'ér hái zài máng luàn zhōng xiāng hù zǒu shī liǎo。
rén zhì shēng yá、 lì jīng mó nán
liú bāng de fù qīn、 qī zǐ cóng xiǎo lù qù zhǎo liú bāng, jiēguǒ zhèng hǎo yù shàng xiàng yǔ de jūn duì, chéng liǎo xiàng yǔ de fú lǔ, bèi pò chéng wéi rén zhì。
liú bāng de 'ér zǐ、 nǚ 'ér xìng yùn dì yù dào táo wáng zhōng de liú bāng。 liú bāng jué qíng jué yì, sān fān wǔ cì chuài tā de 'ér zǐ、 nǚ 'ér xià chē, zǒng suàn yòu dà chén lǚ cì xiāng zhù
lǚ zhì yǔ liú bāng qí fù tài gōng què cóng cǐ zài xiàng yǔ de jūn yíng zhōng zuò liǎo 'èr shí bā gè yuè de rén zhì。 ér qiě, lǚ zhì zài wéi rén zhì de liǎng nián duō shí jiān nèi, hái yù dào liǎo yī jiàn zāinàn。
hàn sì nián, liú bāng、 xiàng yǔ xíng yáng duì zhì zhī shí, wú nài de xiàng yǔ hū fā qí xiǎng: yǐ pēng tài gōng xiāng wēi xié。 xiàng yǔ de mù de shì xiǎng jiè cǐ jī huì yào xié liú bāng, bī pò liú bāng tóu jiàng。 liú bāng bù chī zhè yī tào, jìng rán xī pí xiào liǎn dì duì xiàng yǔ shuō: wǒ hé xiàng yǔ dū shòu huái wáng de mìng lìng fá qín, yòu jié bài guò xiōng dì; suǒ yǐ, wǒ diē jiù shì nǐ diē, nǐ yào pēng nǐ diē, wǒ yě gēn zhe yī kuài 'ér hē tānɡ( wú wēng jí ruò wēng, bì yù pēng 'ér wēng, zé xìng fēn wǒ yī bēi gēng héng héng《 shǐ jì xiàng yǔ běn jì》)。 xiàng yǔ dà nù, yào pēng tài gōng, xìng kuī xiàng bó cóng zhōng wò xuán, xiàng yǔ cái wèi shā tài gōng。
zhè jiàn shì suī rán shǐ shū jìzǎi de shì shā tài gōng, rú guǒ zhēn de pēng liǎo tài gōng,
liú bāng suī rán zài zuò hàn wáng zhī shí yǐ jīng chǒng xìng shàng liǎo qī fū rén, dàn shì, liú bāng bù jiě jué lǚ zhì de wèn tí kě yǐ, dàn tā bù néng bù xiǎng bàn fǎ jiě jué qí fù zuò rén zhì de wèn tí。 yīn cǐ, liú bāng yǔ xiàng yǔ zài xíng yáng duì zhì liǎo liǎng nián duō zhī hòu, yóu yú xiàng yǔ jūn liáng duǎn quē, bù dé bù tóng yì liú bāng hàn wǔ nián shí yuè tí chū de hóng gōu yì hé。 liú bāng lì yòng hóng gōu yì hé de piàn jú, yòu piàn xiàng yǔ fàng huí liǎo zuò liǎo liǎng nián líng sì gè yuè rén zhì de liú gōng hé lǚ zhì, rán hòu chè bīng。
liú bāng zài dé dào bèi kòu liǎng nián duō de lǎo bà hé lǎo pó hòu, lì jí sī huǐ xié yì, zhuī shā xiàng yǔ。 dàn shì, bù guǎn liú bāng rú hé qī piàn xiàng yǔ, hóng gōu yì hé zhōng yú shǐ lǚ zhì huí dào liǎo hàn yíng。
lǚ zhì duì chǔ hàn zhàn zhēng de gòng xiàn shì tā wéi liú bāng zuò liǎo liǎng nián líng sì gè yuè de rén zhì。 zhè shì lǚ zhì wéi liú bāng zuò chū de zhòng dà xī shēng, yě shì
yóu yú zài cǐ zhī qián
lì shǐ shàng quán shì xiǎn hè de yī dài nǚ zhù, zài gè rén gǎn qíng shēng huó shàng bìng bù rú yì。 dāng rén men tái tóu yǎng wàng zhe quán qīng tiān xià de yī dài“ nǚ huáng” shí, shuí néng zhī dào zhè wèi“ nǚ huáng” yòu duō shǎo xìng fú gǎn? liú bāng chǒng xìng qī fū rén, ēn 'ēn 'ài 'ài;
duó dí fēng bō
“ xiào huì wéi rén rén ruò, gāo zǔ yǐ wéi bù lèi wǒ, cháng yù fèi tài zǐ, lì qī jī zǐ rú yì, rú yì lèi wǒ。 qī jī xìng, cháng cóng shàng zhī guān dōng, rì yè tí qì, yù lì qí zǐ dài tài zǐ。
liú bāng chǒng 'ài guì fēi qī jī suǒ shēng de 'ér zǐ zhào wáng rú yì, tā xiǎng fèi diào
zhōng guó chuán tǒng, shí xíng dí cháng zǐ jì chéng zhì, zhè shì zōng fǎ zhì dù zuì jī běn de yī xiàng yuán zé, jí wáng wèi hé cái chǎn bì xū yóu dí cháng zǐ jì chéng, dí cháng zǐ shì dí qī ( zhèng qī ) suǒ shēng de zhǎngzǐ。 liú bāng fèi tài zǐ zhī shì yǐn fā liǎo liǎng gè fāng miàn de qiáng liè fǎn yìng:
dì yī gè zuò chū qiáng liè fǎn yìng de shì cháo zhōng dà chén。 zhāng liáng、 zhōu chāng、 shū sūn tōng děng cháo zhōng dà chén dū jiān jué fǎn duì fèi cháng lì yòu。
qí zhōng, shū sūn tōng yú hàn shí 'èr nián quàn zǔ liú bāng fèi lì tài zǐ shí de yī fān huà fēi cháng zuì jù dài biǎo xìng: tài zǐ tiān xià běn。 běn yī yáo tiān xià zhèn dòng。 nài hé yǐ tiān xià wéi xì!(《 shǐ jì · liú jìng shū sūn tōng lièzhuàn》) shū sūn tōng wéi dài biǎo de cháo chén men kàn zhòng de zhèng shì zhì dù zhì guó, tā men rèn wéi: yī dàn zhì dù zāo dào pò huài, hòu guǒ bù kān shè xiǎng。 zhāng liáng、 zhōu chāng děng dà chén men de fǎn duì jiē yuán yú cǐ。
《 shǐ jì · zhāng chéngxiàng lièzhuàn fù zhōu chāng chuán》 jìzǎi liǎo yòu guān
lìng yī gè zuò chū qiáng liè fǎn yìng de shì cǐ shì de zuì dà shòu hài zhě
yòu rén wéi
hàn shí 'èr nián, liú bāng píng dìng qíng bù pàn luàn jié shù, dàn shì, liú bāng yě zài zhè cì píng pàn zhōng dì 'èr cì shòu dào zhì mìng jiàn shāng。 ér qiě, yóu jiàn shāng yǐn fā de jí bìng gèng jiā yán zhòng。 cǐ shí de liú bāng yǐ jīng yù gǎn dào rén de shēng mìng shì yòu jìn tóu de; yīn cǐ, liú bāng fèi lì tài zǐ de yuàn wàng yě gèng jiā qiáng liè liǎo。 zhāng liáng quàn zǔ wú xiào, tuō bìng bù zài shàng cháo。 zuò wéi tài zǐ tài fù de shū sūn tōng yǐ sǐ xiāng jiàn, liú bāng jiǎ zhuāng tīng cóng, shí jì shàng fèi lì tài zǐ de xiǎng fǎ háo wú gǎi biàn( shàng xiáng xǔ zhī, yóu yù yì zhī héng héng《 shǐ jì · liú hóu shì jiā》)。
yī cì cháo yàn, gāo zǔ liú bāng fā xiàn tài zǐ shēn biān yòu sì wèi bā shí duō suì de lǎo rén, hú xū、 méi máo dū bái liǎo, fú zhuāng、 mào zǐ fēi cháng jiǎng jiū。 gāo zǔ hěn qí guài, jiù wèn tā men: nǐ men shì shuí? sì wèi lǎo rén shàng qián huí dá, bìng gè zì bào liǎo xìng míng: dōng yuán gōng、 lǐ xiān shēng、 qǐ lǐ jì、 xià huáng gōng。 liú bāng tīng shuō hòu dà wéi chī jīng: wǒ qǐng nǐ men duō nián, nǐ men táo bì wǒ。 xiàn zài wèishénme yào suí cóng wǒ de 'ér zǐ ní? sì wèi lǎo rén huí dá: bì xià qīng shì dú shū, yòu 'ài mà rén。 wǒ men jiān jué bù yuàn shòu rǔ, suǒ yǐ cái yīn wéi kǒng jù 'ér táo wáng。 rú jīn tīng shuō tài zǐ rén xiào gōng jìng, ài hù tiān xià dú shū rén, tiān xià réndōu yuàn yì wéi tài zǐ xiào sǐ lì, suǒ yǐ wǒ men jiù lái liǎo。 liú bāng shuō: fán qǐng zhū wèi hǎohǎo tì wǒ zhào gù hǎo tài zǐ。 sì wèi lǎo rén jìng wán jiǔ, lí qù。 liú bāng kàn zhe lí qù de sì wèi lǎo rén, zhǐ zhe tā men duì qī fū rén shuō:“ wǒ xiǎng gēnghuàn tài zǐ, dàn shì, tā men sì wèi gāo shì dōulái fǔ zuǒ tài zǐ, tài zǐ de yǔ yì yǐ jīng fēng mǎn, nán yǐ hàn dòng liǎo 'ā!
cóng cǐ zhī hòu, liú bāng zài yě bù tí fèi lì tài zǐ zhī shì。
【 gōng jì zhèng jì】
hàn gāo zǔ shí yī nián chūn, huái yīn hóu hán xìn móu fǎn,
zài
hàn gāo zǔ shí 'èr nián( qián 195 nián), liú bāng jià bēng。 17 suì de liú yíng jí dì wèi, lǚ zhì wéi tài hòu。 liú yíng nián yòu rén ruò, dà quán cāo zài lǚ tài hòu shǒu zhōng。
wéi jiǎn chú yì jǐ, dú shā zhào wáng rú yì、 kǎn duàn qī fū rén shǒu zú, wā yǎn shāo 'ěr, gěi tā chī yǎ yào shǐ tā biàn yǎ, bìng zhì zhī cè zhōng, rèn qí 'āiháo, míng wéi“ rén zhì”。 liú yíng bù mǎn qí mǔ de cán rěn, qì lǐ cháo zhèng。
qián 188 nián, huì dì liú yíng yōu yù bìng shì, lì ( qián ) shǎo dì liú gōng, lǚ tài hòu lín cháo chēng zhì, xíng shǐ huáng dì zhí quán, wéi zhōng guó huáng hòu zhuān zhèng de dì yī rén。 shǎo dì yīn qí shēng mǔ wéi
qián 184 nián,
lǚ tài hòu wèile qiáng huà zì jǐ de tǒng zhì, zài cǎi qǔ“ wú wéi 'ér zhì”, gǒng gù xī hàn zhèng quán de tóng shí, shǒu xiān dǎ jī zhū hóu wáng hé zhèng zhì shàng de fǎn duì pài, zhòng yòng qí chǒng chén shěn shí qí。 rán hòu bù zhì dǎng yǔ, dà fēng zhū lǚ jí suǒ 'ài hòu gōng měi rén zhī zǐ wéi wáng hóu。 suí hòu shā diào zhào wáng liú yǒu hé liáng wáng liú huī。 yòu chéngxiàng wáng líng jiān jué fǎn duì fēng zhū lǚ wéi wáng de zhèng cè, jiān chí gāo zǔ yǔ dà chén de méng yuē,“ fēi liú shì 'ér wáng, tiān xià gòng jī zhī。” lǚ tài hòu bù gāo xīng, jiù ràng tā dān rèn huáng dì de tài fù, duó liǎo tā de chéngxiàng zhí quán。 wáng líng zhǐ dé gào bìng huí jiā。 rán hòu yòu ràng shěn shí qí wéi zuǒ chéngxiàng, jū zhōng yòng shì。 chén píng、 zhōu bó suī rán bù fú, yě zhǐ hǎo shùn cóng。 shěn shí qí bù chù lǐ zuǒ chéngxiàng zhí quán fàn wéi nèi de shì qíng, zhuān mén jiān dū guǎn lǐ gōng zhōng de shì wù, xiàng gè láng zhōng lìng, lǚ tài hòu cháng yǔ tā jué duàn dà shì, gōng qīng dà chén chǔlǐ shì wù dōuyào tōng guò shěn shí qí cái néng jué dìng。
lǚ tài hòu zhuī fēng tā yǐ gù de liǎng gè gē gē, dà gē zhōu lǚ hóu lǚ zé wéi dào wǔ wáng, lǚ shì zhī wéi zhào zhāo wáng, yǐ cǐ zuò fēng lì zhū lǚ wéi wáng de kāi duān。
gāo hòu bā nián( qián 180 nián),
qián 180 nián bā yuè yī rì, lǚ tài hòu bìng sǐ, zhōng nián liù shí 'èr, yǔ hàn gāo zǔ hé zàng cháng líng。
lǚ tài hòu dāng zhèng shí wǔ nián, tuī xíng yuē fǎ shěng jìn、 yǔ mín shēng xī de zhèng cè, zuò liǎo jǐ jiàn dà shì: jiào gè jùn xiàn tuī jǔ yōu xiù nóng mín, yú yǐ miǎn lì, jiǎn qīng fù shuì, gǎi qín shuì shí shōu qí wǔ wéi shí wǔ shuì yī; yǔn xǔ yǐ wǎng táo bì shān lín、 húpō hé qiān xǐ tā xiāng de nóng mín huí dào jiā xiāng, bìng guī hái tián zhái, guān lì bù dé yīn qí guò qù yòu bù fǎ xíng wéi dǎ mà huò qí shì; shì fàng nú bì, huí xiāng cóng shì nóng gēng, guān lì bù dé gān shè; cái jiǎn dà pī jūn guān shì zú, zhuǎn yè hái xiāng, yōu xiān gěi yǐ tǔ dì, tuǒ shàn 'ān zhì; dà shè tiān xià; fèi qín shí yīn zhū lián 'ér yí sān zú zuì hé“ yāo yán lìng” děng kē fǎ; duì xiōng nú cǎi qǔ hé qīn zhèng cè, shǐ biān jìng 'ān dìng。 zhè xiē zhèng cè de shí shī, huǎn hé liǎo nèi wài máo dùn, cì jī liǎo shēng chǎn fā zhǎn, zēng qiáng liǎo hàn wáng cháo de guó lì。
《 shǐ jì》 píng jià shuō:“ xiào huì huáng dì gāo hòu zhī shí, lí mín dé lí zhàn luàn zhī kǔ。 jūn chén jù yù xiū xī hū wú wéi。 gù huì dì chuí gǒng, gāo hòu nǚ zhù chēng zhì。 zhèng bù chū fáng hù, tiān xià yàn rán。 xíng fá hǎn yòng, zuì rén shì xī, mín wù jià sè, yī shí zī zhí。”
【 lì shǐ zuò yòng】
《 shǐ jì》 jìzǎi:“
liú bāng qù shì shí,
bái mǎ zhī méng tòu lù chū yī gè zhòng yào xìn xī: liú bāng suī guì wéi huáng dì, dàn yǔ qí bù xià de guān xì bìng fēi jué duì fú cóng shì de shàng xià jí guān xì, liú bāng zhǐ shì shēn jiān guó wáng ( zhōng yāng zhí xiá tǔ dì jí qí mín zhòng ) hé lián méng lǎo dà liǎng zhí de méng yuē cháng 'ér yǐ, qí zhèng zhì juésè jiè hū yú chūn qiū zhàn guó shí de bà zhù hé qín shǐ huáng dì liǎng zhě zhī jiān。 liú bāng wéi zhèng shí qī, zhōng guó de shè huì zǔ zhì xíng shì jī běn shàng huí fù dào chūn qiū zhàn guó shí de fēn fēng zhì, liú bāng de gǎi cháo huàn dài bìng méi yòu chōng jī dào zì huáng dì yǐ lái de fēn fēng zhì。
She died in 180 BC, when he was 62 years old. Death, the family was Ping Lu, Bo Zhou caught. Is a sturdy, have the ambition, military strategy, there is a politician.
Empress of the home is a single parent county (now Shandong Shan County). Her father's name because there is no historical record today have no idea, just call him Lu historical public. Lu public four children: the eldest son of ryde, the second son of Lu and Buddhism, the eldest daughter LV Zhi, second daughter Lu Xu. Lu fled the public as to avoid enemy had sought refuge in the intimate friend friends Peixian magistrate home. Later, Lu Pei county public feel good, he gave the family settled in the Peixian.
Lvgong Gang, when just a guest in Pei county, county officials, the landlord told the magistrate home to a distinguished guest, they have to chip in for drinks. The person responsible for receiving gifts, Liu Bang, later hands, "three heroes," one of the Xiao He. At this time, Xiao He is an official of Pei County magistrate men. The feast, Xiao He competent gifts. According to regulations, offering money to people who can only be satisfied with 1000 under the drinking hall; chip in more than a thousand people to get to the classroom to drink. After Liu Bang came, shouting out "Surabaya Ting Zhang Wang Bi," "He Qian Wan" ("Historical Records emperor of the century"), directly to classroom practice, Liu Bang did not take a child. Lü Gong an "Surabaya Ting Zhang Wang Bi," "He Qian million", greatly surprised, quickly got up to greet them. Because "He Qian million" at the time was a very extraordinary figure. Provisions from the feast of view, the 1000 money is regarded as guests, should go to classroom to drink. Take 10,000 of money, of course, surprised. Ever the identity of view, higher than the Pavilion Executive to many people but did not, "He money million." Take 10,000 of money, of course, surprised. Actual income from the point of view, the Qin Dynasty, a magistrate only thousands of years of pension money, The Ting Zhang, less than a year thousands of pension money. Ting Zhang a banquet for a dare, "He Qian million", is absolutely astronomical, is impossible. Of course, not the public know that Liu Bang Lu "He Qian million", but Lu is a public political consciousness; he see is the courage of Liu Bang and the quality of potential politicians. Therefore, Lu heard such a public astronomical, immediately Liu Bang had a very strong interest.
LV Zhi married to her when there is a very difficult question: Liu Bang already had a son born out of wedlock Liu fat. LV Zhi less than two-year-old married her to her 15-year-old middle-Ting Chang Liu Bang, and, although not officially married the Ting Zhang, there are the son of a single birth. (In the fortune before Liu Bang, LV Zhi Liu fat without any harsh move, which is a long-own more than 20-year-old husband, young woman who, it is not easy.)
After Liu Bang did Surabaya Ting Zhang, Li Shan to be responsible for escort services to those who labor. An escort Li Shan labor, along the way people keep fleeing. In desperation, he simply Daze in Fengxian County west will not escape those who left all put out and said: "Public h ave to go; I carry on from this death." ("Historical Records emperor of the century"), which Liu Bang One said a release, and have actually moved a dozen people who do not want to escape, are willing to follow Liu Bang. Liu Bang, the group went on with Hilly (today Yongcheng) Lacaoweikou the.
Displaced
Hostage life, after suffering
LV Zhi and Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, his father, grandfather was from the barracks to do in the 20 months of the hostages. Moreover, the LV Zhi in hostage more than two years, also met with a disaster.
Liu Bang While doing Hanwang favorite of the time have been on the Qifu Ren, however, LV Zhi Liu Bang did not solve the problem can be, but he can not not solve the problem father hostage. Therefore, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu in Xingyang more than two years after the confrontation, the shortage of rations due to Xiang Yu had agreed to divide Liu Banghan proposed five-year peace negotiations in October. Liu Bang using divide Negotiation of fraud, deception Xiang back the hostages for two years and four months of public and LV Zhi Liu, and withdrawal.
"Xiaohui Ren weak man, emperor that class I do not often want to waste Prince Edward, son of Li Qi Ji wishful, wishful class I. Qi Ji Xing, often from the of the Kanto, day and night Ti Qi, Yu Li, Prince offspring. Empress older, often Left, the Greek see above, benefits sparse. Ruyi established as King of Zhao, the number of generations of those who carry on Prince Edward. ("Historical Records of the Empress Dowager Lu Chi") "
The first is North Korea reacted strongly to the minister. Zhang, Zhou Chang, SHUSUN Tong and other DPRK officials were strongly opposed to repeal a long established child.
Another is the strong reaction to the biggest victims of this Empress. For waste on Prince Edward, son of King of Zhao Li Qi Furen wishful. Ministers fight over remonstrance could not be determined who has. Empress fear, do not know what to. ("Shih Chi Liu Hou Family")
A Korean dinner, around Prince Edward Liu Bang was found that four of more than 80 years old, beard, eyebrows were white, clothing, hats are very particular about. Emperor was surprised and asked them: Who are you? Four elderly people came forward to answer, and each reported the name: East Park, the public, Mr. Li, Qi Li quarter, Xiahuang Gong. After Liu Bang heard astonished: I ask you for many years, you escape me. Now why should followers of my son? Four old answer: His Majesty neglect reading, love to curse. We strongly do not want to insult, why they fled because of fear. Today I heard Prince Rensiao respectful, caring for the world to study people, and the world who are willing to Prince Xiao Si power, so we came. Liu Bang said: be grateful if you that good for me to take care of Prince Edward. King finished the four old wine, leave. Liu Bang, the four old people looked away, pointing to their Qifu Ren said: "I would like to replace the crown prince, but they are all four Goldsmith to his assistant, Prince, Prince Edward wings are plump, hard to shake, ah! Empress is really a bit good master ah! Qi Furen heard immediately after the tears, Liu said: Chu dance song for my dance, I am a man singing the Songs of Chu. lyrics: swan fly ah, a fly thousands of miles. wings become, ah, across the seas. ah across the seas, but also what to do. even bows and arrows, for the fly there is no use swan (swan fly, thousands of miles in one fell swoop. Haneda Pina has, Hengjue seas. Hengjue can do nothing when universal. Although the arrow with a streamer to pay, the facilities are still safe - "Historical Liuhou family").
Chun Han emperor eleven years, Huaiyin Hou Hanxin rebellion, Empress and Xiao He used terms, Heaven's Han Xin. March the same year, King of Liang Peng Yue rebellion, Liu Bang to waste to common people, cut staff exile in Shu. The way the event Empress, Peng tell innocent, Empress promised to intercede for him, bring it back to Xianyang. She complained that Liu Bang: "You Peng Yue let go, mean Fanghuguishan." Liu Bang then has its execution, and Yi the prize. Liu Bang became the emperor eight years, the Empress Lu assist Liu Bang, suppression of rebellion against the separatist forces, the consolidation of the Han Dynasty unified political power played an important role, and made full preparations for her future power.
In the reign of Empress Lu, whether political, legal, economic, and ideological and cultural fields, all full of "Wenjing," has laid a solid foundation.
188 BC, Emperor Hui Ying Liu died of depression, Li (former) Shaodi Liu Christine, Empress Court Affairs, said Lu system, the exercise of imperial authority, as the Empress of China's first man dictatorship. Shao Di as the Empress of their mother killed, complaining.
180 years ago on August 1, Empress Dowager Lu died, aged 62, buried with the Han emperor Changling. Lvhou Ling is located in Xianyang City, Weicheng Qu kiln Dianxiang Sanyi village, 200 meters southeast of the high Zu Changling. Ling is 32 m and a base thing 160 meters north-south 131 meters, was covered bucket shape. As the tomb to construction in the northern edge of the plateau Wei, Yuan Wang as the hills, was extremely ambitious.
"Historical Records", commented: "After high when Emperor Xiao Hui, Lai Man was suffering from the war. Monarch and his subjects all want to rest almost doing nothing. Therefore, Emperor Hui Chui Gong, Gao said after the care of the household system. Administration not occupiers, and the world Yan Ran . penalties Rare, sinners are rare, the public service with farming, food and clothing AIDS colonization. "
"Historical Records" record: "Empress resolute man, set the world junior emperor. The Empress punish the minister more power." The most famous event is the mastermind behind Heaven's Han Xin, Peng Yue, forcing anti-British cloth and eventually eliminate the kill. These three things have happened in the year before the death of Liu Bang. Han Xin, Peng Yue, three are well-known British cloth was busy, as Liu Bang won the majority share, for the Emperor Liu Bang Dengji after were labeled Wang Jue. Three vast territory, China populous, was the number one Wang Daguo closure.
Empress spare no effort to persecute the sons of Liu Bang, in addition to women's headstrong style of Shiran, the aim is to win one of their fiefdoms, for packet of her own family who, in order to strengthen Jia-forces. In fact, the Empress Liu indeed almost won the world. But the result is that the take over of the coup, the Lu family name was listed out in full Heaven's ministers, even the Empress of the birth of a son of Liu Ying was also incidentally the ruthless.
Empress Lu's actions, many closed countries can not fully grown up, the real impact of the feudal system, the existence of space-time conditions which seriously weakened the feudal system of exploitation for the Han Emperor Jing Fan and Han and deprived of Extending Order Wang Hou Junzheng power laid the foundation for such action. Starting from the Han period, feudal system, essentially unchanged, was champion Hou seal the floor just to enjoy the tax, not the administration of their fiefs right. Empress of the absence of some act, even if is such thing as the Han Dynasty, afraid of hard to complete the construction of centralized empire works. Therefore, the Empress of the history of Chinese influence social development, can be summarized as saying: she was a feudal system, grave-digger!
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