sōng zàn gān bù Srong-btsan Sgam-po
tǔbō
( 604nián～ 650nián)
sōng zàn gān bù （ wēi lì： Srong-btsanSgam-po； zàngyǔ pīn yīn： SongzainGambo； THDL： SongtsenGampo； yòu chēng khri-srongbtsan， 605？ 617?-650）， zài《 xīn táng shū》 děng hàn wén shǐ jí zhōng míng wéi qì zōng nòng zàn、 qì zōng nòng zàn、 qì sū nóng zàn děng。 àn zhào zàngzú de chuán tǒng měi tā shì tǔbō wáng cháo dì 33 rèn zàn pǔ， shí jì shàng shì tǔbō wáng cháo lì guó zhī jūn。
sōng zàn gān bù de fù qīn náng rì lùn zàn， shì yī wèi hěn yòu zuò wéi de zàn pǔ。 shòu fù qīn de yǐng xiǎng， shàonián shí dài de sōng zàn gān bù jiù yǐ xiǎn xiàn chū fēi fán de cái néng。 fù qīn bèi chóu rén dú hài 'ér sǐ hòu， 13 suì de tā jí zàn pǔ wèi。 jí wèi hòu， tā yī miàn jī chá xiōng shǒu， yī miàn xùn liàn jūn duì， hěn kuài píng xī gè dì de pàn luàn， tǒng yī gè bù， dìng dū luó xiē（ jīn lā sà）， jiàn lì liǎo tǔbō nú lì zhì zhèng quán。 zhī hòu， yòu xiān hòu jiàng fú zhōu wéi de sū pí、 duō mí、 bái lán、 dǎng xiàng、 yáng tóng děng bù， shì lì rì yì qiáng shèng。
wán chéng xīzàng de tǒng yī zhī hòu， sōng zàn gān bù kāi shǐ zhì lì yú zhèng quán jiàn shè， jiàn lì liǎo wán bèi de、 yǐ zàn pǔ wéi zhōng xīn、 gāo dù jí quán de zhèng zhì hé jūn shì jī gòu。 tóng shí， hái zhì dìng fǎ lǜ、 shuì zhì， rèn yòng xián míng de dà chén， cǎi qǔ xǔ duō cuò shī gǔ lì bǎi xìng xué xí hé yùn yòng xiān jìn shēng chǎn jì shù， fā zhǎn nóng mù yè shēng chǎn， shǐ tǔbō de shè huì jīng jì hé rén mín shēng huó xùn sù chéng xiàn zhōng xīng zhī shì。
wéi gǎi biàn tǔbō rén méi yòu zì jǐ de wén zì、 kào kè mù jié shéng jì shì de luò hòu miàn mào， tā pài chū yǐ dà chén tūn mǐ sāng bù zhā wéi shǒu de 16 míng guì zú dào yìn dù qiú xué， zhōng yú chuàng zhì chū běn mín zú de wén zì héng héng zàngwén。 wèimín zú jiān jīng jì wén huà de jiāo liú hé zàngmín zú wén huà de bǎo cún、 chuán chéng yǔ fā zhǎn fán róng zuò chū liǎo jù dà gòng xiàn。
sōng zàn gān bù fēi cháng xīn shǎng táng cháo de fù shù yǔ fán róng。 táng zhēnguàn bā nián（ 634）， qiǎn shǐ fù táng gōu tōng guān xì。 tóng shí， yǔ nán bù ní pó luó（ jīn ní bó 'ěr） tōng hǎo。 shí sān nián（ 639）， yǔ ní pó luó chǐ zūn gōng zhù lián yīn hòu， yì qiǎn shǐ fù táng qiú hūn。 táng tài zōng wéi jié hǎo tǔbō， qiú dé xī bù biān jìng de 'ān níng， suì yú shí wǔ nián（ 641） jiāng zōng shì nǚ wén chéng gōng zhù xǔ pèi gěi tā。 táng fān lián yīn， wén chéng gōng zhù de rù cáng， jiāng fó jiào hé nèi dì gè zhǒng xiān jìn de kē xué jì shù hé wén huà dài dào liǎo gāo yuán， jìn yī bù cù jìn liǎo xīzàng jīng jì wén huà de fā zhǎn。
táng zhēnguàn 'èr shí sān nián（ 649）， sōng zàn gān bù bèi táng gāo zōng fēng wéi fù mǎ dū wèi、 xī hǎi jùn wáng， hòu yòu jìn fēng wéi cóng wáng。 bìng juān qí xiàng yú shí， liè yú tài zōng zhāo líng。 yǒng huī yuán nián（ 650）， sōng zàn gān bù bìng shì。 táng cháo qiǎn shǐ diào jì。
tǔbō wáng cháo de dì zào zhě sōng zàn gān bù
suí yì níng yuán nián ( gōng yuán 617 nián )， sōng zàn gān bù dàn shēng yú qīngzàng gāo yuán yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng nán 'àn zé dāng chéng xī yōng bù lā gǎng bǎo zhōng de yī gè tǔbō guì zú jiā zhōng。 fù qīn lǎng rì sōng
[ sōng zàn gān bù ]
sōng zàn gān bù
zàn shì tǔbō wáng cháo dì 31 dài zàn pǔ。（ zàn pǔ： tǔbō shí qī bǎi xìng duì jūn cháng de chēng hū， zàngyǔ yì wéi xióng jiàn de nán zǐ。 jù《 xīn táng shū · tǔbō chuán》 zài： “ qí sú wèi qiáng xióng yuē zàn， zhàng fū yuē pǔ， gù hào jūn cháng yuē zàn pǔ。 ”） sōng zàn gān bù shì hòu rén wèitā jiā shàng de zūn hào。（ sōng zàn gān bù ： táng dài hàn wén shǐ jí zuò qì zōng nòng zàn、 qì zōng nòng zàn、 qì sòng nòng zàn、 qì sū nóng zàn děng（ hái yòu fú yè shì、 bù fú nòng zàn de chēng hū )， jūn wéi yì yīn， zàngwén chēng zàn pǔ chí sōng zàn、 sōng dé zàn。 zàn pǔ， yì wéi wáng； chí， yì wéi“ yú”“ wáng wèi”； sōng zàn shì míng zì， gān bù zé shì zūn hào， qí yì wéi“ shēn chén mò cè”。） dāng tā 3 suì de shí hòu， qí fù shuài bīng miè diào liǎo sū pí bù luò， tǒng yī liǎo xīzàng gāo yuán， yóu yī gè shān nán dì fāng de xiǎo bāng shǒu lǐng yī yuè chéng wéi tǔbō gè bù de jūn zhù。 zài zhè yàng de yī gè jiā tíng lǐ， lǎng rì sōng zàn duì dú shēng zǐ de péi yǎng hé jiào yù jí wéi guān huái， shǐ sōng zàn gān bù cóng xiǎo shòu dào liǎo liáng hǎo de jiā tíng jiào yù hé yán gé de xùn liàn， zhú jiàn chéng wéi jīng tōng qí shè、 juélì、 jī jiàn、 ér wǔ yì chū zhòng， yòu 'àihào mín gē、 shàn yú yín shī de wén wǔ quán cái de wáng zǐ。
táng zhēnguàn sān nián (629 nián )， dāng sōng zàn gān bù jiè mǎn 13 suì de shí hòu， tǒng yī de tǔbō wáng cháo zāo dào chén zhòng de dǎ jī， guó wáng lǎng rì sōng zàn bèi rén dú sǐ。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， fù wáng zhū chén hé mǔ hòu zhū zú yī qǐ jǔ bīng pàn biàn， gōng bù、 dá bō、 niàn bō děng dì jìn wéi pàn luàn zhě suǒ jù。 bù jǐn rú cǐ， xī bù de yáng tóng bù luò chéng shì rù qīn ． yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng běi de sū pí jiù guì zú yě zài jī jí dì jìn xíng“ fù guó” huó dòng， tā men fēn fēn xiàng tǔbō jìn bīng fānàn。 sōng zàn gān bù miàn duì zhè zhǒng nèi kùn wài rǎo de yán zhòng jú shì， yì rán jì chéng fù wèi， tiǎo qǐ liǎo tǔbō dì 32 dài zàn pǔ de zhòng rèn。 tā chén zhe lěng jìng， yǐ kào xīn xīng shì lì， zhēng jí liǎo wàn yú rén， zǔ chéng liǎo yī zhī jīng ruì de duì wǔ。 jīng guò 3 nián zhēng zhàn． píng dìng liǎo nèi bù pàn luàn． wěn dìng liǎo jú shì， zài cì huī fù liǎo tǔbō de tǒng yī。
zhēnguàn liù nián (632 nián )， sōng zàn gān bù shuài bù zhòng dù guò yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng， bǎ dū chéng yóu zé dāng qiān dào luó xiē ( jīn lā sà )。 zhè yàng， jì kě yǐ bǎi tuō shì dài pán jù dāng dì de mǒu xiē xīn huái pǒ cè de tǔbō guì zú de jī bàn hé duì shēng mìng de wēi xié； yòu kě yǐ bǎ zhèng zhì zhōng xīn hé jūn shì zhōng xīn guī yī． biàn yú jūn duì de zhǐ huī hé kòng zhì， zhè duì yú fā zhǎn zhuān zhì wáng quán hé gǒng gù nú lì zhì dù xiǎn rán shì yòu zhòng dà yì yì de。 lìng wài， cóng dì lǐ wèi zhì hé zì rán tiáo jiàn xiāng bǐ jiào， lā sà yě shì jiàn jī lì yè de hǎo dì fāng。 nà lǐ qì hòu yí rén， jǐng sè yōu měi， wù chǎn fēng fù． zhōng xīn dì shì píng tǎn kāi kuò， sì zhōu qún shān huán bào。 yuǎn chù shān lǐng xiá gǔ xiǎn yào， jìn kě gōng， tuì kě shǒu。 cóng yǐ hòu de lì shǐ zhèng míng． bǎ lā sà zuò wéi tǔbō wáng cháo de shǒu fǔ shì zhèng què de xuǎn zé。
tǔbō qiān dū yǐ hòu， sōng zàn gān bù zhì dìng dīng yī xì liè jiān bìng zhōu biān zhū qiāng de zhàn lüè fāng zhēn， zhǐ zài tǒng yī gāo yuán。 tā shǒu xiān bǎ jìn gōng mù biāo fàng zài sū pí、 yáng tóng liǎng gè wáng guó。 sū pí， běn xī qiāng zú， hù 2 wàn， dì chù tǔbō běi bù． sàn jū zài qīng hǎi yù shù děng chù， qū yù liáo kuò， nóng mù jiān yíng， shèng chǎn liáng mǎ。 sōng zàn gān bù fù qīn sǐ hòu。 tǔbō jiù chén pàn lí， sū pí、 yáng tóng děng yě gōng kāi pàn biàn， chèn jī jìn gōng tǔbō。 sōng zàn gān bù nǎi qǐ yòng míng jiāng shàng náng， cǎi yòng“ zhǒng yáng lǐng qún zhī fǎ， yǐ shé jiàn chún qiāng fú zhī。” yáng tóng， yòu chēng qiāng táng， wèi tǔbō xī bù，“ dōng xī qiān lǐ， shèng bīng bā jiǔ wàn， biàn fā zhān qiú， xùmù wéi yè，” qiě shèng chǎn yǔ tù lěi mín zhòng shēng huó xī xī xiāng guān de shí yán。 gù sōng zàn gān bù qīn lǐng bīng dīng fǎn fù zhēng tǎo， zhōng yú miè qí bù zhòng。 sōng zàn gān bù miè diào zhè liǎng gè wáng guó hòu， bù jǐn xiāo chú liǎo lái zì xī、 běi bù fāng xiàng de wēi xié， ér qiě yòu lì yú tǔbō bīng yuán、 jūn liáng hé mǎ pǐ de bǔ chōng， shǐ zhī dé dào liǎo yī zhī zhàn dǒu lì hěn qiáng de jūn duì， wéi tǔbō wáng guó de fā zhǎn qiáng dà tí gōng liǎo wù zhì bǎo zhàng。
suí hòu， sōng zàn gān bù yòu zhuóshǒu jīng lüè dōng fāng， jiāng wèi yú jīn tiān qīng hǎi dōng nán bù hé chuān xī běi dì qū de dǎng xiàng ( gǔ dài qiāng rén de yī zhī ) hé wèi yú jīn gān sù、 qīng hǎi děng dì de tǔyùhún ( gǔ dài xiān bēi zú de yī zhī ) zhēng fú， guī yú zì jǐ de tǒng zhì zhī xià。 zhì cǐ“ dōng yǔ liáng、 sōng、 mào、 wēi děng zhōu xiāng jiē， nán zhì pó luó mén ( yìn dù )， dì fāng wàn yú lǐ” de yī gè qiáng dà de tǔbō nú lì zhì zhèng quán wēi rán yì lì zài qīngzàng gāo yuán。
píng dìng nèi luàn、 zhēng fú zhū qiāng、 chóngxīn tǒng yī tǔbō wáng cháo zhī hòu。 fù yú zhèng zhì yuǎn jiàn de sōng zàn yú bù yī miàn jī jí zhù dòng dì pài qiǎn shǐ zhě fù lín guó ní pó guó ( jīn ní bó 'ěr ) qǐng yǔ tǔbō tōng pìn， hù xiāng jìn xíng mào yì， tuī xiāo shǒu gōng yì jīng bìng pìn qǐng gōng jiàng jí yì rén chuán shòu jiàn zhù、 huì huà、 diāo kè jì yì， bìng yíng qǔ liǎo ní pó luó guó wáng yāng shū fá mó zhī nǚ chǐ zūn gōng zhù； yī fāng miàn yǔ táng wáng cháo qǔ dé lián xì。 dì jié hé fā zhǎn liǎo cáng hàn liǎng zú de qīn mì yǒu hǎo qíng yì。 dāng shí， zhōng yuán dì qū de táng cháo zài wǒ guó lì shǐ shàng jié chū de dì zhù jiē jí zhèng zhì jiā hé jūn shì jiā lǐ shì mín de tǒng zhì xià， zǒng jié liǎo lì shǐ de jīng yàn hé jiào xùn， shí xíng liǎo yī xì liè yòu lì yú guó jì mín shēng de zhèng cè， cù shǐ shè huì jīng jì、 wén huà gāo dù fā zhǎn， guó lì qiáng shèng， shēng wēi yuǎn zhèn， chū xiàn liǎo“ zhēn guān zhī zhì” de shèng shì． sōng zàn gān bù duì yú shèng táng yòu zhe shēn yuǎn de yǎng mù zhī qíng， zhēnguàn bā nián (634 nián )， tā pài chū shǐ zhě fù cháng 'ān yǔ táng cháo tōng pìn wèn hǎo。 táng tài zōng duì tǔbō de shǒu cì tōng shǐ yě hěn zhòng shì， dāng jí pài shǐ chén féng dé xiá chí shū xìn qián wǎng zhì yì hái lǐ。 sōng zàn gān bù “ jiàn dé xiá， dà yuè。 wén tū diàn yǔ tǔyùhún jiē shàng gōng zhù， nǎi qiǎn shǐ suí dé xiá rù cháo， duō jī jīn bǎo， fèng biǎo qiú hūn”。 kě shì， dāng shí táng tài zōng méi yòu tóng yì， sōng zàn gān bù jǐ cì pài rén xiàng táng cháo qǐng hūn yě wèi néng rú yuàn， biàn jué dìng yòng wǔ lì tōng hūn， yú zhēnguàn shí 'èr nián (638 nián ) bào fā liǎo fān táng shǒu cì zhàn zhēng。 rán 'ér zhàn zhēng zhōng guī bù néng jiě jué wèn tí。 zhēnguàn shí sì nián (640 nián )， sōng zàn gān bù yòu pài dà xiāng gá 'ěr · dōng zàn bèi hòu lǐ héng héng huáng jīn wǔ yú liǎng jí bǎo wù zhēn wán shù bǎi jiàn， dào cháng 'ān zài cì xiàng táng tài zōng qǐng hūn。 yì nián， tài zōng yǔn yǐ zōng shì nǚ wén chéng gōng zhù xǔ jià sōng zàn gān bù 。 jiē kāi liǎo cáng， hàn liǎng zú rén mín yǒu hǎo de xīn piān zhāng。
zhēnguàn shí wǔ nián ( gōng yuán 641 nián )， sōng zàn gān bù 25 suì， táng cháo pài jiāng xià wáng、 lǐ bù shàng shū lǐ dào zōng hù sòng 16 suì de wén chéng gōng zhù rù tǔbō。 sōng zàn gān bù qīn shuài jìn wèi jūn jìnglǚ cóng tǔbō yuǎn dào chū yíng。 wén chéng gōng zhù yīháng wǎng xī yóu dǎo tǎng hé、 rì yuè shān děng dì dào dá huáng hé hé yuán fù jìn de bǎi hǎi ( zhā líng hǎi )， yǔ sōng zàn gān bù yíng qīn de duì wǔ xiāng huì。 sōng zàn gān bù gāo xīng dì chuān qǐ táng cháo suǒ zèng de fù mǎ jí fú， xiàng táng tài zōng de qīn zú xiōng dì jiāng xià wáng lǐ dào zōng hángzǐ xù zhī lǐ， shuō dào：“ wǒ zǔ fù wèi yòu tōng hūn shàng guó zhě， jīn wǒ dé yǐ shàng dà táng gōng zhù， wéi xìng shí duō， ……”。 tā péi tóng wén chéng gōng zhù hé lǐ dào zōng yī qǐ yóu lǎn liǎo hé yuán jǐng sè fēng guāng。 zài sòng bié lǐ dào zōng děng táng shǐ fǎn chéng zhī hòu， sōng zàn gān bù jí hù sòng wén chéng gōng zhù jìn cáng。 yán tú， tǔbō rén mín dū yǐ rè liè zhēn zhì de gǎn qíng huān yíng wén chéng gōng zhù。 fán gōng zhù jīng guò de dì fāng， dū liú chuán zhe xǔ duō chōng mǎn mín zú yǒu 'ài de gù shì。
wén chéng gōng zhù lì jīng qiān shān wàn shuǐ dào dá luó xiē hòu， tǔbō rén mín xīn xǐ ruò kuáng， chuānzhuó jié rì de shèng zhuāng， zài gē zài wǔ， rè liè dì yíng jiē zhè wèi xiàng zhēng hàn zàngmín zú shēnqiè、 qīn mì qíng yì de zàn mó ( wáng hòu )。 wéi liǎo ràng wén chéng gōng zhù de shēng huó rú tóng zài cháng 'ān yī yàng shū shì、 yú kuài， ràng hòu rén bù wàng zhè yī lì shǐ shì jiàn， sōng zàn gān bù zài shǒu fǔ luó xiē， àn zhào táng cháo de jiàn zhù shì yàng hé fēng gé， yú mǎ bù rì shān ( jīn bù dá lā shān ) zhuān wéi wén chéng gōng zhù xiū jiàn liǎo chéng chí hé gōng shì。
wén chéng gōng zhù zhī shū shí lǐ， bó xué duō cái， dǔ xìn fó jiào， tā zuò wéi hàn zàngmín zú tuán jié yǒu hǎo de xiān qū， jiāng zhōng yuán wén huà chuán bō rù cáng， duì yú zēng jìn hàn zàngmín zú de qīn mì tuán jié， cù jìn zhōng yuán hé tǔbō dì qū jīng jì wén huà de jiāo liú hé fā zhǎn， zài lì shǐ shàng chǎn shēng liǎo jù dà 'ér shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng。 jù xīzàng mín gē liú chuán， wén chéng gōng zhù jìn cáng shí， céng dài qù gǔ wù 3800 lèi， shēng chù 5500 zhǒng， gōng jiàng 5500 rén。 jìn guǎn zhè xiē shù zì wú yí yòu kuā dà、 yán guò zhī cí， dàn shì cún zài zhe bù kě fǒu rèn de jī běn shì shí： suí zhe wén chéng gōng zhù de rù cáng， nèi dì niú yuán dì qū zhū rú nóng jù zhì zào、 fǎng zhì、 sāo sī、 jiàn zhù、 zào zhǐ、 niàng jiǔ、 zhì táo、 niǎn mó、 yě jīn děng shēng chǎn jì shù hé lì suàn、 yī yào děng kē xué zhī shí， jiē lù xù chuán dào liǎo tǔbō。 shǐ dāng dì rén mín de yī、 shí、 zhù děng fāng miàn fā shēng liǎo biàn huà。 rú tǔbō rén yuán lái“ yǐ zhān zhàng 'ér jū”， chuān zhān qiú yī， cǐ hòu bù shǎo rén“ shì zhān qiú， xí wán qǐ， jiàn mù huá fēng” liǎo。“ zì cóng guì zhù hé qīn hòu， yī bàn hú fēng sì hàn jiā”， táng dài shī rén chén táo de zhè jǐ jù shī， zhèng shì duì fān táng hé qīn hòu， gōng zhù rù cáng duì tǔbō shè huì wén huà、 jīng jì fā zhǎn de zuò yòng de zàn sòng hé zhēn shí xiě zhào。 tóng yàng， tǔbō pài qiǎn qīng nián dào táng cháo dú shū， tǔbō fù nǚ liú xíng de chuí jì、 zhě miàn， yǐ jí tǔbō shè huì chuán tǒng de mǎ qiú yóu yì děng， yě chuán dào liǎo zhōng yuán dì qū， wéi cáng hàn mín zú jiān de wén huà jiāo liú， zēng tiān liǎo gèng jiā fēng fù duō cǎi de nèi róng。
sōng zàn gān bù zài chóngxīn tǒng yī tǔbō wáng cháo zhī hòu， wèile jìn yī bù jiā qiáng yǔ gǒng gù zhèng quán， shǐ zhī gèng jiā fán róng、 chāng shèng、 qiáng dà， yú shì tā lì yòng yǔ táng lián yīn zhè yī yòu lì tiáo jiàn， jìn zuì dà de nǔ lì， jiàn lì jí zhōng de tǒng zhì jī gòu， zhì dìng yán mì de zhì dù， jī jí guǒ duàn dì duì tǔbō de zhèng zhì、 jūn shì、 jīng jì、 wén huà děng fāng miàn jìn xíng liǎo yī xì liè de zhòng dà gǎi gé。
zhèng zhì zhì dù fāng miàn： cháng qī yǐ lái yīn shì zú zhì de cán yú， chuán tǒng xí guàn yǐ jí bù luò jiān de jiè xiàn děng yīn sù， tǔbō wáng cháo suī chēng tǒng yī， ér shí jì shàng bìng wèi jiàn lì qǐ zhèng lìng tǒng yī de qiáng dà jí zhōng de wáng quán， zhè zhǒng zhèng tǐ jí bù lì yú tǔbō shè huì de fā zhǎn。 tóng shí， yòu jiàn yú yǐ qián fù wáng bèi hài hé dà guì zú de fēn liè pàn luàn yě shì yīn wéi méi yòu yòu xiào dì kòng zhì dì fāng guì zú shì lì， sōng zàn gān bù suì yǐ zhào táng cháo de guān zhì， cóng zhōng yāng dào dì fāng jiàn zhì liǎo yī tào yán mì de tǒng zhì jī gòu， jìn yī bù jiā qiáng hé jí zhōng liǎo wáng quán。
tǔbō cóng dì 17 shì zàn pǔ qǐ， shè lì liǎo dà xiāng， zuò wéi zàn pǔ de fǔ chén。 sōng zàn gān bù qǐ， jiāng zhōng yāng gāo jí guān lì fēn wéi liǎng lèi： dì yī lèi wéi dà xiāng， chēng wéi dà lùn； yòu shè fù xiāng 1 rén， chēng wéi xiǎo lùn； lìng shè bīng mǎdōu yuán shuài zhèng fù gè 1 rén， zhí zhǎng bīng quán。 dì 'èr lèi wéi zǎixiàng liáo shǔ， qí zhōng yòu nèi dà xiāng 1 rén， zhǎng guǎn guó nèi shì wù， zhěng shì dà xiāng 1 rén， guǎn sī fǎ sù sòng； lìng yòu wài jiāo、 cái zhèng děng guān。“ zhū guān zhī zhōng， dà xiāng zuì zūn”“ shì wú dà xiǎo， bì chū yú zǎixiàng， biànyícóngshì”， ér jū wàn rén zhī shàng， yī rén zhī xià。 sōng zàn gān bù néng zhī rén shàn rèn， xié zhù tā guǎn lǐ xíng zhèng shì wù de zuì zhù míng de sì xián chén yòu tūn mí · sāng bù zhā、 lù dōng zàn ( jí gá 'ěr · dōng zàn )、 zhī · sài dāng rǔ gōng dùn hé niàn · chì sāng yáng dùn， tā men wéi tǔbō wáng cháo jiàn zhèng chū qī lì xià liǎo gōng xūn。
sōng zàn gān bù zhì dìng liǎo“ shí shàn fǎ lǜ”， gòng jì 20 tiáo。 rú xiào jìng fù mǔ， dūn mù qīn zú， jìng shì zhǎngshàng， bāng zhù lín lǐ， bào dá cí rén， zūn jìng gāo dé， yǐ shèng zhé wéi mó fàn， chóu dé bào 'ēn， dǒu chèng gōng píng， bù yòng wěi dù liàng héng， yǔ zhòng hé xié， shuō huà wēn yǎ， jiǔ shí zhī liàng， xīn xìng zhōng zhí， qián xìn fó、 fǎ、 sēng sān bǎo děng； yòu de shì bǎo hù sī yòu zhì cái chǎn hé wéi hù guì zú jiē jí lì yì de tiáo wén， rú zhuī huí tōu dào zhě zāng wù bìng bǔ fá 8 bèi péi cháng， jí shí hái zhài， bù dé pēng jī zhǒng xìng gāo guì zhě， yìng shòu qí jiào huì。 chú zhī hái yòu shā rén zhě cháng mìng， dǒu zhēng zhě fá jīn， jiān yín zhě duàn zhī、 bìng liú fàng yì dì， kuáng yǔ zhě gē shé děng děng。 zǒng zhī， tā fǎn yìng liǎo tǒng zhì zhě yǐ fó jiào de jiè lǜ wéi zhǔn shéng， wéi rén men guī dìng liǎo xíng wéi guī fàn biāo zhǔn， duì shè huì zhì xù hé guó jiā de 'ān dìng， duì shēng chǎn de fā zhǎn jù yòu zhòng yào yì yì。
wéi yán gé děng jí zhì dù bìng qū bié guān jiē zhī gāo dī， sōng zàn gān bù hái fǎng xiào táng cháo diǎn zhāng， guī dìng liǎo guān jiē pǐn wèi zhì dù， jí xiàng gè jí guān yuán bān fā liǎo bù tóng zhì liào zhì chéng de zhāng shì ( yòu jiào“ gào shēn” )， fán fēn liù děng： dì yī děng shì sè sè ( fěi cuì )， èr děng shì jīn， sān děng shì yín dù jīn， sì děng shì yín， wǔ děng wéi shú tóng， mò děng wéi tiě。 bì zhāng dīng zài fāng yuán sān cùn de cū máo bù shàng， xuán yú bì qián， yǐ bié guì jiàn。 wáng cháo hái jiàn lì liǎo jiǎng chéng shēng qiān zhì dù， fán guān lì jiàn lì gōng xūn zhě kě huò jiǎng shǎng tí shēng， shī zhí fàn zuì zhě dìng shòu chéng fá， huò chè zhí huò pàn xíng bù děng。
jūn shì zhì dù fāng miàn： sōng zàn gān bù dòng xī guì zú、 lǐng zhù jí bù luò qiú cháng yōng bīng zì zhòng shì dǎo zhì fēn liè、 yòu 'ài tǒng yī de bìng gēn， yě shì fù qīn lǎng rì sōng zàn tǒng 'ér fù liè de xiědejiàoxùn。 yú shì tā 'àn zhào táng cháo fǔ bīng zhì dù， bìng jié hé liǎo tǔbō dì qū de tè diǎn， jiàn lì liǎo yī tào yán mì de jūn shì zhì dù。 jù zàngwén shǐ jí《 wǔ bù yí jiào》、《 xián zhě xǐ yàn》 děng jìzǎi， sōng zàn gān bù jiāng tǔbō fēn wéi qiān gè“ rú” ( zàngyǔ“ bù” de yì sī， tā shì tǔbō de dà jūn shì qū hé xíng zhèng qū )， jí“ wèi rú” ( jí zhōng rú ) xiá yǐ luó xiē wéi zhōng xīn de yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng běi zhī dì；“ yuē rú” ( zuǒ rú ) xiá yǐ yǎ lóng hé gǔ wéi zhōng xīn de jiāng nán zhī dì；“ yè rú” ( yòu rú ) xiá yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng shàng yóu nán běi zhī dì；“ cáng rú” ( hòu rú ) xiá yǎ lǔ cáng bù jiāng zhōng yóu nán běi zhī dì。 měi rú yòu fēn shàng xià liǎng gè fēn rú， gòng 8 gè fēn rú， qí zhōng chú“ wèi rú” zhǐ shè 7 gè qiān hù fǔ hé 1 gè xià qiān hù fǔ wài， qí yú 3 gè rú gè shè 8 gè qiān hù fǔ hé 1 gè xià qiān hù fǔ， hé jì gòng yòu 31 gè qiān hù fǔ hé 4 gè xià qiān hù fǔ。 měi gè fēn rú shè dàjiàng 1 rén， fù jiāng 1 rén， pàn guān 1 rén tǒng guǎn。 měi gè qiān hù fǔ yòu bīng yuē 1 wàn rén shàng xià， yóu bǎi hù cháng、 qiān hù cháng、 wàn hù cháng tǒng shuài。 zhè xiē guān yuán jì shì jūn duì de tǒng shuài， yòu shì dì fāng xíng zhèng de zuì gāo zhǎngguān， tóng shí yě shì dà xiǎo lǐng zhù。 gù qiān hù fǔ kě wèi jūn zhèng hé yī de zǔ zhì。 gè fēn rú de mǎ pǐ hé qí zhì yǐ bù tóng de yán sè xiāng qū bié， mùdì shì yī mù liǎo rán gāi zhī rú de wǔ zhuāng， yǐ biàn diào qiǎn。 lìng wài， rú de biān zhì shè yòu yuán shuài hé fù yuán shuài， dàn bù cháng zhì， zhēng fá shí yóu tǔbō wáng cháo lín shí wěi pài， wèi yǔ wáng cháo zǎixiàng píng liè， zhí jiē tīng mìng yú zàn pǔ。 gǎi biān hòu de qiān rú bīng lì zǒng jì 402400 rén， zhè yǔ《 xīn táng shū · tǔbō chuán》 zhōng tǔbō“ shèng bīng shù shí wàn” de jìzǎi xiāng wěn hé。
gè rú de yuán shuài、 fù yuán shuài yǐ jí zhǎng wò bīng quán de wàn hù cháng、 qiān hù cháng děng dàjiàng， sōng zàn gān bù guī dìng zhè xiē guān yuán dū bì xū jīng yóu wáng guó zhèng fǔ rèn mìng， gēn jù qí gōng guò shí xíng jiǎng chéng。 suǒ yòu shì bīng dū 'àn míng dēng jì zào cè， yóu zhèng fǔ zhǎng guǎn， bù dé gēnggǎi kuò chōng； tǔbō wáng guó suǒ yòu jūn duì diào dòng bì xū yǐ zàn pǔ xià fā de jīn jiàn wéi píng。 jūn duì chū bīng zhēng zhàn shí， yòu lìng pài jiān jūn duì yuán shuài、 wàn hù cháng、 qiān hù cháng děng jìn xíng jiān dū。 cǐ wài， sōng zàn gān bù yòu cóng měi rú chōu diào l qiān hù wéi jìn jūn， shǒu wèi zàn pǔ yá zhàng。 zhè zhī jìn jūn yóu zàn pǔ qīn zì zhǎng wò， zú yǐ duì fù dì fāng jūn duì de shì lì。 yòu zhè xiē yán mì de jūn shì zhì dù bǎo zhèng， tā jiù néng gòu yòu xiào dì kòng zhì hé zhǐ huī jūn duì。 sōng zàn gān bù hái jiàn lì liǎo shù biān zhì dù， měi nián bì qīn zì shuài bīng xún biān yī cì。 jūn shì shàng de qiáng shèng， gǒng gù liǎo tǔbō de tǒng yī hé 'ān dìng， yě yǐn qǐ liǎo jīng jì hé wén huà shàng de rì yì fán róng。 jīng jì zhì dù fāng miàn： tǔbō de jīng jì yǐ xùmù yè wéi zhù。 wèiyòu lì yú shēng chǎn， fán róng jīng jì， sōng zàn gān bù cóng táng cháo de jūn tián zhì zhōng dé dào qǐ fā， tā jié hé dāng dì de shè huì shí jì， shī xíng liǎo yī zhǒng bǐ jiào tè shū de jūn tián zhì。 gēn jù zì yóu mín zài tǔbō shè huì suǒ chù de zhòng yào dì wèi， tā xià lìng， shǒu xiān bǎ wáng tián hé yī bù fēn guó jiā cái wù ( rú shēng chù ) fēn gěi liǎo pín kǔ de zì yóu mín，“ kāi tuò huāng dì， huàfēn liáng tián mù chǎng”， yīn dì zhì yí dì fā zhǎn nóng yè yǔ xùmù yè， bìng zhì dìng liǎo“ lǜ cè”， dēng jì píng mín de hù kǒu hé gēng dì miàn jī， suí tǔ dì 'ér gù dìng fù shuì。 zhè zhǒng zhì dù de tuī xíng， shǐ guì zú yǔ píng mín zhī jiān de máo dùn zàn shí yòu suǒ huǎn hé， yòu lì yú diào dòng píng mín de shēng chǎn jī jí xìng， yòu lì yú shè huì jīng jì de fā zhǎn。 tǔ dì fēn pèi zhī fǎ hái céng tuī xíng yú nú lì zhōng， gēngzhòng wáng tián de měi hù nú lì kě 'àn láo dòng lì de duō shǎo fēn pèi yī fèn tǔ dì， yě lì yòu zhuān mén de hù jí cè， bìng guī dìng liǎo suǒ shǐ yòng de tǔ dì jí dān fù de zū fù yǔ láo yì。 jīng guò duō nián de xiū yǎng shēng xī yǔ shè huì 'ān dìng， tǔbō de jīng jì zhú jiàn fán róng qǐ lái。 xùmù yè shàng， sì yǎng de shēng chù yǐ máo niú、 mǎ、 yáng wéi zhù， yì zá yòu zhū、 gǒu děng jiā chù。 chūn、 xià jì zhú shuǐ cǎo 'ér jū， qiū、 dōng jì jié yòu gù dìng de cǎo chǎng。“ niú yáng fān xī， xī jìng jiē mǎn，” tǔbō wáng cháo zhēng shōu de“ niú tuǐ shuì” cóng cè miàn yě fǎn yìng liǎo mù yè fā dá de chéng dù； nóng yè shàng， cǐ shí yǐ yòu liǎo jiào gāo de shēng chǎn shuǐ píng， péi yù hé yǐn jìn liǎo xīn pǐn zhǒng， nóng zuò wù yǐ qīng kē、 xiǎo mài、 qiáo mài、 dòu lèi wéi zhù。 zài gēng zuò jì shù shàng， yī bān cǎi yòng“ èr niú tái káng” shì de lí gēng， nóng tián xiāng lián， rén mín yǐ“ gāo dì xù shuǐ wéi chí， dī dì yú hé zhōng yǐn shuǐ guàn gài…… kāipì qiān mò” bìng“ guǎng kāi tián mǔ， xīng xiū shuǐ lì， gōu qú zòng héng。” zhè xiē bǐ yǐ qián dōudà dà dì jìn bù liǎo； shāng yè、 shǒu gōng yè dé dào liǎo fā zhǎn， cuì huǒ hé mó lì jì shù de zhǎng wò， yě jīn yè shuǐ píng de tí gāo， wéi gān gē fēng yún、 chí chěng jiāng chǎng de qiān jūn wàn mǎ tí gōng liǎo zú gòu de kǎi jiá dāo jiàn děng。 tǔbō shāng duì de zú jì， tà biàn liǎo zhōng yà xì yà gè guó， chuàng zào liǎo gāo yuán shàng qián suǒ wèi yòu de qí jì。
wén huà fāng miàn： sōng zàn gān bù zài zhè yī fāng miàn de jiàn shù， zuì wéi rén chēng sòng de shì chuàng zhì wén zì， pài tǔbō zǐ dì qiú xué cháng 'ān hé chóng fèng fó jiào děng xiàng。 cóng qián， tǔbō méi yòu wén zì，“ qí lì zhì…… jié shéng chǐ mù wéi yuē。” gēn jù tǔbō duì wài guān xì、 shēng chǎn fā zhǎn jí zhì lǐ cháo zhèng de pò qiē xū yào， gōng yuán 7 shì jì chū， sōng zàn gān bù pài chū yǐ tūn mí · sāng bù zhā wéi shǒu de 16 míng guì zú zǐ dì dào tiān zhú ( yìn dù ) děng dì liú xué， yán jiū fàn wén hé xī yù gè guó wén zì， jīng guò fǎn fù de bǐ jiào， cǎi qǔ bǐ huá jiǎn dān míng què、 yì yú shū xiě de bù tóng xíng tǐ， chuàng zhì liǎo yòu 30 gè zì mǔ de zàngwén pīn yīn wén zì ( dōushì fǔ yīn )， yòu lì yòng fǔ yīn chóngdié huò zài fǔ yīn shàng tiān jiā yī dìng de fú hào gòu chéng fù fǔ yīn。 lìng wài yòu shè jì liǎo 4 gè yuán yīn fú hào， jiā zài zì mǔ de shàng xià， yòng lái pīn xiě zàngyǔ。 zàngwén chuàng zhì hòu， sōng zàn gān bù bù dàn shēn tǐ lì xíng， zì jǐ zhuān xīn xué xí liǎo 4 nián， ér qiě tā hào zhào dà chén men xué xí zàngwén， tè bié guī dìng qīng nián guì zú zǐ dì bì xū xué xí， xué yè hǎo de hái yào gěi yǐ jiǎng lì。 tā yòu mìng tūn mí · sāng bù zhā zhuàn xiě liǎo《 wén fǎ gēn běn sān shí sòng》， yǐ yùn wén gē jué shuō míng zhù yào de wén fǎ guī zé， bāo kuò 8 zhǒng“ gé” hé xū zì de shǐ yòng fǎ， zuò wéi xué xí zàngwén de jiào kē shū ( jìn guǎn yòu rén duì tūn mí · sāng bù zhā yī rén chuàng zhì zàngwén zhī shuō chí yòu yì yì， huò zhě shuō shì zhòng duō wú míng yīng xióng de jí tǐ láo dòng chéng guǒ， dàn zàngwén de chuàng zhì díquè shì zài sōng zàn gān bù rèn tǔbō zàn pǔ shí wán chéng de， zhè yī diǎn yī zhí wéi zhòng suǒ gōng rèn )。 yóu cǐ， tǔbō de mín zú wén huà dé dào xùn sù de fā zhǎn hé guǎng fàn de chuán bō。
sōng zàn gān bù zài wèi shí， xuǎn pài liǎo yī pī jīng tōng zàngwén de guì zú zǐ dì dào táng dū cháng 'ān， rù tài xué xué xí shī shū， ràng tā men dà liàng dì jiē shòu táng cháo xiān jìn de fēng jiàn wén huà。 zhè xiē rén cōng huì bù fán， xǔ duō rén qǔ dé liǎo yōu yì de chéng jì。 rú táng gāo zōng shí de tǔbō shǐ chén zhòng cóng jīng tōng cáng hàn liǎng zhǒng wén zì， biàn cái wú 'ài， céng wéi táng rén suǒ chēng dào。 yòu rú táng zhōng zōng shí fù táng yíng qǔ jīn chéng gōng zhù de tǔbō shǐ chén míng xī liè yǔ hàn zú wén rén duì shī， yóu yú qí“ yù lǐ yóu lái xiàn shòu shāng” jí wéi dé tǐ， bèi chuán wéi jiā huà。
tǔbō rén yuán lái xìn fèng běn jiào， yǐ zhàn bǔ xiū jiù、 qí fú ráng zāi、 zhì bìng sòng sǐ、“ yì shǐ guǐ shén” děng wéi qí zhù yào huó dòng。 chuán shuō tǔbō xiān wáng yǐ běn jiào zhì guó， zhí dào 7 shì jì shí， běn jiào shǒu lǐng zài zàn pǔ cháo tíng zhōng hái bǎo chí zhe jiào gāo de dì wèi， rú dà xiǎo méng huì shí gào shén de wū zhě jí shì。 sōng zàn gān bù shí xiān hòu yíng qǔ chǐ zūn、 wén chéng 'èr gōng zhù wéi fēi， ní pó luó shì zhù míng de fó jiào guó jiā， táng cháo de fó jiào yě jí xīng shèng， liǎng wèi gōng zhù dū xìn yǎng fó jiào， tā men xiān hòu dài lái liǎo fó xiàng、 fó jīng、 fǎ wù děng dào tǔbō。 jù zài， tūn mí · sāng bù zhā huí guó shí yě dài lái liǎo jǐ bù fó jiào jīng diǎn， yǐ hòu yì chéng zàngwén， zì cǐ fó jiào kāi shǐ chuán rù liǎo tǔbō。 zài gōng zhù men de yǐng xiǎng xià， sōng zàn gān bù yě jiē shòu liǎo fó jiào。 chǐ zūn gōng zhù、 wén chéng gōng zhù fēn bié zài tǔbō jiàn lì liǎo dà zhāo、 xiǎo zhāo 'èr sì， sōng zàn gān bù zé jiàn lì liǎo 12 zuò fó jiào sì miào。 bù guò dāng shí tǔbō rén jué dà bù fēn shì xìn fèng běn jiào de， jí suǒ wèi“ hǎo zhòu shì、 chǎn guǐ shén”， hái méi yòu duō shǎo rén chū jiā dāng hé shàng。 zhí dào chì dé zǔ zàn zàn pǔ shí dài (704 ～ 755 nián )， fó jiào cái zhú jiàn zài tǔbō jìng nèi chuán bō kāi lái。
sōng zàn gān bù duì zhōu biān gè guó， cǎi qǔ liǎo mù lín yǒu hǎo de zhèng cè。 tā zài wèi qī jiān， bǎ jiān chí fā zhǎn yǔ táng de qīn mì guān xì， zuò wéi dì zào qiáng dà fán róng chāng shèng de tǔbō wáng cháo de jī běn guó cè， shǐ tǔbō hé táng cháo de guān xì jí wéi hé mù， shuāng fāng zhī jiān hù jìng hù zhù， jiā qiáng liǎo bǐ cǐ de yǒu hǎo qíng yì。 jìn guǎn hòu lái shuāng fāng de tǒng zhì zhě lǚ cì shī hé， dàn liǎng zú de chuán tǒng yǒu yì què yī zhí jì xù xià lái， shuāng biān shǐ jié wǎng lái yǔ nián jù zēng， luò yì bù jué， bìng zài wǎng fǎn de xìn jiàn zhōng jīng cháng tí dào xiāng hù“ suī yún liǎng guó， shí ruò yī jiā”“ jiù shēng xiū qí jiù hǎo， tóng wéi yī jiā。” jù cū lüè tǒng jì， zì zhēnguàn bā nián (634 nián ) zhì huì chāng liù nián (846 nián ) de 212 nián nèi， shuāng fāng qiǎn shǐ lái wǎng dá dào 200 yú cì zhī duō， píng jūn jìn 1 nián jiù yòu 1 cì。 wèile biàn lì jiāo tōng， tǔbō jìng nèi jìn yī bù wán shàn liǎo yì zhàn zhì dù，“ bǎi lǐ yī yì”， yì yòu“ liàng dùn guān”， duì táng shǐ“ jiē dài yīn qín， gōng yìng fēng hòu。”
zhēnguàn shí bā nián (644 nián )， táng tài zōng yuǎn zhēng liáo dōng wú gōng 'ér hái， xīn qíng hěn bù hǎo。 sōng zàn gān bù lì jí pài lù dōng zàn rù cháng 'ān shàng fèng biǎo wén， shēn yán zì jǐ shì táng tài zōng de zǐ xù， bìng xiàn yòng huáng jīn zhù chéng de“ jīn 'é” yī zhǐ，“ gāo qī chǐ， zhōng kě shí jiǔ sān hú”， zuò wéi tǔbō duì táng yǒu hǎo de biǎo shì。
zhēnguàn 'èr shí 'èr nián (648 nián )， táng cháo shǐ chén wáng xuán cè yìng chā fù xī yù tú zhōng zài zhōng tiān zhú bèi jié， dà bù fēn suí cóng bèi shā， suǒ xié cái wù bèi qiǎng yī kōng， wáng xuán cè zhǐ shēn táo wǎng tǔbō， qǐng qiú tǎo zéi。 sōng zàn gān bù wén xùn lì jí pài chū jīng bīng gān yú rén， yòu qǐng ní pó luó chū qí bīng 7 gān duō rén xié zhù， yóu wáng xuán cè zhǐ huī， jī bài liǎo zhōng tiān zhú jié zéi， lǔ qí wáng zhí xiàn cháng 'ān， zài cì tǐ xiàn liǎo fān táng jiān de hù zhù yǒu hǎo guān xì。
zhēnguàn 'èr shí sān nián (649 nián )， táng tài zōng lǐ shì mín qù shì hòu， tài zǐ lǐ zhì jì wèi， tā shòu yú sōng zàn gān bù “ fù mǎ dū wèi” zhī zhí， fēng jué“ xī hǎi jùn wáng”。 sōng zàn gān bù duì táng cháo xīn jūn jì wèi dāng jí shàng biǎo xiào zhōng cháo tíng， zhì shū táng cháo zǎixiàng zhǎngsūn wú jì biǎo shì： rú guǒ zài cháo tíng nèi bù huò wài bù yòu rén xiǎng jiè tài zōng xīn sàng hé gāo zōng xīn lì zhī jì 'ér fā dòng pàn luàn， tā jiāng qīn zì diǎn bīng fù nán， gòng tóng tǎo fá pàn zéi。 bìng xiàn jīn yín zhū bǎo 15 zhǒng， qǐng zhì tài zōng líng qián。 táng gāo zōng lǐ zhì duì sōng zàn gān bù de zhōng xīn dà wéi xīn shǎng， tè jiā fēng tā wéi“ jiǎ wáng”， xià lìng diāo kè sōng zàn gān bù de shí xiàng， yǔ qí tā yè jì zhāo zhù de wáng gōng jiāng xiāng de shí xiàng yī dào liè yú táng tài zōng mù líng bàng biān， yǐ shì duì tā de zuì gāo jiǎng shǎng。
yǒng huī yuán nián (650 nián )， sōng zàn gān bù zài 34 suì de shèng nián shí qù shì yú luó xiē。 gāo zōng shí fēn shāng gǎn， pài jiāng jūn xiān yú kuāng jì qián wǎng diào jì。 sōng zàn gān bù de yī shēng， wěn dìng nèi bù， gǒng gù wáng quán， jié shù cháng qī fēn sàn de jú miàn， tǒng yī tǔbō wáng cháo， jiàn lì liǎo qiáng shèng de nú lì zhèng quán； tuī xíng mù lín yǒu hǎo zhèng cè， jī jí yǔ táng huáng shì lián yīn， tuī jìn cáng hàn zhī jiān qīn mì guān xì de fā zhǎn， wéi zàngzú shè huì de jìn bù hé zàngmín zú de fā zhǎn zhuàng dà， wéi zhōng huá mín zú de tǒng yī hé zǔ guó nèi dì yǔ tǔbō de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 wén huà de jiāo liú， zuò chū liǎo jù dà de bǎo guì de gòng xiàn。
dāng shí de chén mín zhè yàng chēng zàn wén zhì wǔ gōng de sōng zàn gān bù ：
shàng yòu shǒu lǐng rú qì sū nóng zàn ( jí sōng zàn gān bù héng héng zuò zhě zhù ) zhī shēn chén， xià yòu dà chén rú dōng zàn ( jí lù dōng zàn ) zhī xián míng， wéi shǒu lǐng zhě tì tiān hángdào， wéi dà chén zhě zé bèi dà dì， quán wèi wēi yán， zhì lǐ yòu fāng， wài fān xián fú， nèi zhèng xiū míng， qián shǒu lí mín， zūn bēi yòu cì， zhēng liǎn yòu zé， jū chù shòu yì， chūn qiū yòu xù， xīn yuàn yòu cháng， qiánghèng zé qiú， wán kàng shì chéng， líng fàn zhě yì， shàn liáng zhě zhāng， xián míng chēng zàn， yǒng wǔ méng 'ēn， wéi guān chènzhí， wèimín chún pǔ， pǔ jiē lì lè。 tǔbō xī wú wén zì， sōng zàn gān bù cǐ shí shǐ mìng zhì dìng； jiàn lì fǎ lǜ guān fú， quán bié dà xiǎo， zhífèn gāo dī， jiǎng lì zhōng zhēn， chéng chù bèi nì。
píng jià
sōng zàn gān bù de yī shēng， gōng jì zhuó zhù。 tā tǒng yī liǎo qīngzàng gāo yuán， jiàn lì liǎo qiáng dà de nú lì zhì zhèng quán， cù jìn liǎo tǔbō zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 wén huà de quán miàn fā zhǎn， jiāng zàngzú rén mín yǐn rù liǎo tuán jié、 fán róng、 fù qiáng de shí dài； gōu tōng liǎo yǔ nèi dì táng cháo de yǒu hǎo guān xì， tuī dòng liǎo hàn zàngmín zú wén huà de jiāo liú yǔ fā zhǎn。 wéi hòu lái xīzàng zhèng shì nà rù zǔ guó bǎn tú hé tǒng yī duō mín zú guó jiā de jiàn lì， diàn dìng liǎo jiān shí de jī chǔ， zuò chū liǎo jù dà gòng xiàn。
zàngzú tǔbō wáng guó de chuàng jiàn zhě。 qióng wā dá zé（ jīn xīzàng shān nán dì qū qióng jié） rén。 jù dūn huáng suǒ chū zàngwén xiě juàn tǔbō dà shì xì nián， sōng zàn gān bù zú yú 649 nián（ hàn jí zuò táng gāo zōng yǒng huī yuán nián， 650）， zài zàn pǔ wèi 20 yú nián。 629 nián， sōng zàn gān bù jì wèi wéi zàn pǔ， qiān dū luó xiē（ jīn xīzàng lā sà）， xuē píng nèi luàn， jiàng fú sū pí、 yáng tóng děng bù， tǒng yī qīngzàng gāo yuán， zài dà chén lù dōng zàn xié zhù xià zhèng shì jiàn lì nú lì zhù tǒng zhì de tǔbō wáng guó。 tā fā zhǎn nóng mù yè shēng chǎn， tuī guǎng guàn gài， mìng rén zhì dìng wén zì， bān xíng zhì lǐ tǔbō zhī“ dà fǎ lìng”， yǐ chǔlǐ zàn pǔ wáng shì yǔ shì jiā guì zú、 zhū xiǎo bāng jí shè huì gè jiē céng de guān xì， chuàng shè xíng zhèng zhì dù hé jūn shì zhì dù， shè zhì guān zhí pǐn jiē， bān bù lǜ lìng， tǒng yī dù liàng héng hé kè shuì zhì dù， cóng zhōng yuán jí ní pó luó（ jīn ní bó 'ěr）、 tiān zhú děng dì yǐn jìn wén huà、 jì shù， shǐ tǔbō shè huì yòu liǎo xùn sù fā zhǎn。 tā xiān qǔ ní pó luó wáng nǚ chǐ zūn gōng zhù。 641 nián， sōng zàn gān bù zhì bǎi hǎi（ jīn qīng hǎi zhā líng hú 'è líng hú） yíng qǔ táng zōng shì nǚ wén chéng gōng zhù， jié chéng hé qīn guān xì。 táng fēng tā wéi fù mǎ dū wèi、 xī hǎi jùn wáng。 sōng zàn gān bù yòu qiǎn guì zú zǐ dì zhì cháng 'ān rù guó xué， xué xí shī shū， qǐng zhōng yuán wén shì zhǎng guǎn qí biǎo shū。 hòu yòu qǐng cán zhǒng jí zào jiǔ、 niǎn wèi、 zhǐ mò gōng jiàng， cù jìn liǎo hàn zàngwén huà de jiāo liú。
sōng zàn gān bù shì xīzàng lì shǐ shàng zuì zhòng yào、 zuì guǎng wéi rén zhī de cáng wáng。 tā zài xīzàng gāo yuán shí xiàn liǎo tǒng yī， zhèng shì jiàn lì tǔbō wáng cháo。 sōng zàn gān bù wéi gǒng gù tǒng yī， céng cǎi qǔ liǎo yī xì liè yòu xiào cuò shī： qiān dū lā sà bìng jiàn zào bù dá lā gōng； bǎ xīzàng huá wéi liù dà xíng zhèng qū yù； tuī guǎng fó jiào； chuàng zhì wén zì； yǔ táng wáng cháo hé ní bó 'ěr lián yīn， yíng qǔ wén chéng gōng zhù hé chǐ zūn gōng zhù， bìng jiàn chéng dà zhāo sì、 xiǎo zhāo sì； tǒng yī xí liàng héng zhì dù； gǔ lì zhòng mín kāi kěn huāng dì； bǎo hù shuǐ lì zī yuán； kāi shān xiū lù yǐ cù jìn mào yì， děng děng。 zhè xiē duì fā zhǎn tǔbō de jīng jì、 wén huà、 fó jiào、 yī yào děng qǐ liǎo hěn dà de cù jìn zuò yòng。 zàngzú lì lái shí fēn jìng zhòng sōng zàn gān bù ， tā bù jǐn bèi shì wéi guān yīn de huà shēn， ér qiě shì yòu kǒu jiē bēi de sān dà fǎ wáng zhī yī， lìng liǎng wèi fǎ wáng shì chì sōng dé zàn hé chì zǔ dé zàn .
zǐ nǚ jí qīn shǔ
jù shuō， tā hé wén chéng gōng zhù méi yòu hòu dài。
dàn shì hé bié de fēi zǐ yòu yī zǐ。 sōng zàn gān bù gēn máng sà chì zēng fēi（ yě chēng zhuó chì mǎ zhāng ràng） shēng yī zǐ， chēng wéi gòng sōng gòng zàn。
lìng jù yě shǐ jìzǎi , sōng zàn gān bù xiǎo shí hòu yòu yī cháng xiōng dá zàn gān bù， chū shēng bù mǎn yī nián jí yīn bìng yāo zhé， yīn jì huì cǐ shì dāng dì rén jūn jì kǒu bù tán， hòu wén xiàn yì jūn wú jìzǎi， gù wú cóng kǎo zhèng。
jì chéng rén
sōng zàn gān bù de dú zǐ gòng rì gòng zàn shì yú fù qīn zhī qián。 suǒ yǐ sōng zàn gān bù mò hòu yóu gòng rì gòng zàn zhī zǐ máng sōng máng zàn jì rèn zàn pǔ。
shū huà jìzǎi
《 bù niǎn tú》 shì táng dài huà jiā yán lì běn de zuò pǐn， nèi róng fǎn yìng de shì tǔbō ( xīzàng ) wáng sōng zàn gān bù yíng qǔ wén chéng gōng zhù rén cáng de shì。 tā shì hàn cáng xiōng dì mín zú yǒu hǎo qíng yì de lì shǐ jiàn zhèng。 gōng yuán 640 nián， jí táng zhēnguàn shí sì nián， tǔbō wáng pài dà xiāng ( xiāng dāng yú zǎixiàng ) lù dōng zàn xiàng dà táng qiú qīn， dì 'èr nián dào dá cháng 'ān。 yóu yú dāng shí dà táng dì guó guó tài mín 'ān， gè mín zú yǒu hǎo xiāng chù， yīn cǐ， dāng shí jìng yòu wǔ gè xiōng dì mín zú de shǒu lǐng xiàng dà táng qiú qīn， tài zōng hěn shì wéi nán。 zuì hòu， xiǎng chū yī gè píng děng jìng zhēng de bàn fǎ： qǐng wǔ wèi dà shǐ cān jiā kǎo shì， shuí kǎo shèng liǎo， jiù bǎ gōng zhù jià gěi shuí jiā de shǒu lǐng。 dāng shí chū liǎo wǔ dào nán tí， tǔbō shǐ chén lù dōng zàn guò guān zhǎn jiāng， yī lù lǐng xiān， zuì zhōng qǔ dé liǎo shèng lì。 tài zōng fēi cháng gāo xīng， xīn xiǎng： sōng zàn gān bù de shǐ chén zhè yàng jī zhì、 cōng míng， sōng zàn gān bù zì jǐ gèng bù yòng shuō liǎo。 yú shì， jué dìng jiāng wén chéng gōng zhù jià yú tù fān wáng sōng zàn gān bù 。 wén chéng gōng zhù chū jià de xiāo xī chuán dào tǔbō yǐ hòu， tǔbō rén zài hěn duō dì fāng dū zhǔn bèi liǎo mǎ pǐ、 máo niú、 shí wù hé yǐn shuǐ， jué dìng lóng zhòng yíng jiē； sōng zàn gān bù qīn shuài huān yíng duì wǔ yóu lā sà chū fā zhíbèn qīng hǎi yíng jiē。 sōng zàn gān bù gāo xīng dì shuō：“ wǒ jīn tiān néng qǔ shàng guó dà táng gōng zhù， shí zài róng xìng。 wǒ yào wéi gōng zhù jiàn zào yī zuò chéng， zuò wéi jì niàn， ràng zǐ sūn wàn dài dōuyào yǔ shàng guó dà táng yǒng yuǎn qīn hé。” tā 'àn zhào táng cháo de jiàn zhù fēng gé， zài lā sà xiū jiàn liǎo chéng guō hé gōng shì， zhè jiù shì xiàn zài de dà zhāo sì。
cóng huì huà yì shù jiǎo dù kàn， zuò zhě de biǎo xiàn jì qiǎo yǐ xiāng dāng chún shú。 yī wén qì wù de gòu lè mò xiàn yuán zhuǎn liú chàng zhōng shí dài jiān rèn， chàng 'ér bù huá， dùn 'ér bù zhì； zhù yào rén wù de shén qíng jǔ zhǐ xǔ xǔ rú shēng， xiě zhào zhī jiān gèng néng qū chuán shén yùn； tú xiàng jú bù pèi yǐ yùn rǎn， rú rén wù suǒ zhù xuē tǒng de zhé zhòu děng chù， xiǎn dé jí jù lì tǐ gǎn； quán juàn shè sè nóng zhòng chún jìng， dà miàn jī hóng lǜ sè kuài jiāo cuò 'ān pái， fù yú yùn lǜ gǎn hé xiān míng de shì jué xiào guǒ。 cǐ tú yī shuō wéi sòng mó běn， dàn mó huì jiào jīng， réng bù shī yuán zuò zhī zhēn。 fú shàng yòu sòng chū zhāng yǒu zhí xiǎo zhuàn shū yòu guān gù shì， hái lù yòu táng lǐ dào zhì、 lǐ dé yù“ zhòng zhuāng bèi” shí tí jì liǎng xíng。
After the completion of the unity of Tibet, the regime began work Songtsan, establish a complete, in order to ZAP as the center, a highly centralized political and military institutions. The same time, legislation, taxation, appointment of ministers wise to take many measures to encourage people to learn and apply advanced production technology, the development of agricultural production, so that Tibet's economy and people's lives quickly render ZTE trend.
Tang Zhen Guan 20 years (649), was Gaozong Songtsan labeled Fuma Du Wei, the West Sea Dukes, and later into the labeled Cong Wang. And Juan, as in the stone, out in the Taizong Zhaoling. Yonghui first year (650), Songtsan died. Tang Sending Envoys express their condolences.
[Songtsan]
Zambia is the Tubo Dynasty 31 on behalf of the ZAP. (ZAP: the Tibetan people, the monarch addressed a long, vigorous man in Tibetan means. According to "New Book of Tang Tubo" set: "the vulgar praise, saying that the strong male, the husband said, S & P, so Chun Cheung said, No. Tsenpo. ") Songtsan is added after the man he's appellation. (Songtsan: Tang Dynasty Chinese historical case for abandoning get praise, praise get device number, device get praise song, praise and other farmers abandoned the Soviet Union (also Eph Night's, do not get praise Front called), are transliterated, Tibetan Chi Chung Chan praised the general, Songde praise. Tsenpo, which means the king; chee, meaning "public opinion" "the throne"; loose praise is the name, dry cloth is the appellation, meaning "deep and hard." ) when he was 3 years old when his father shuaibing exterminate Soviet border tribes, the unification of the Tibetan plateau, Shannan place by a head of the small states became Turbans monarchy. In such a family, Long Day song praise on the only son of great concern for the training and education to be a good Songtsan childhood family education and rigorous training, become proficient in riding and shooting, wrestling, fencing and martial arts outstanding also love folk songs, poetry and the Wenwuquancai good prince.
Then they proceed through a little Songtsan East, will be located on the southeast and northwest Sichuan Qinghai party item (the ancient Qiang 1), and in this Gansu and Qinghai Tuyuhun (ancient Xianbeis 1) conquest, to the self-governing. At this point, "East and cool, loose, Mao, Wei and other states phase, south Brahmin (India), where thousand years" of slavery as a great power stands firmly in the Tibetan Plateau.
Put down civil strife, conquered Zhu Qiang, after the reunification of the Tubo Kingdom. Political vision rich praise on the fabric side of the pine actively sending envoys to go to neighboring countries mud woman (now Nepal), please engage with Tibet through mutual trade, selling arts and crafts crystal and employ craftsmen and artistes to teach architecture, painting, sculpture art , and married the king mandarin duck mud Borneo lose respect for cutting-foot Mount daughter Princess; on the one hand contact with the Tang dynasty. The conclusion of the development of the Tibetan and Han nationality and close friendship. At that time, the Central Plains of the Tang Dynasty in Chinese history, outstanding statesman and military strategist landlords under the rule of Li Shimin, summed up the historical experience and lessons learned, implemented a series of policies conducive to the national economy and promote the socio-economic, cultural, highly developed , national prosperity, sound Weiyuan vibration, a "Golden Years" of Golden Age. Tang Songtsan profound admiration for the sentiment, Zhen Guan eight years (634 years), he sent envoys to go to Chang and Tang recruited through say hello. The first pass on the Tibetan Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to, immediately sent letters to the envoys Wundt held to pay tribute requital ya. Songtsan "See de-ya, big Yue. Tuyuhun are heard and suddenly the house is still Princess, Naiqian to ya for Korea along with Germany, many turn to Campbell, Feng Biao marry him." However, when Emperor Taizong did not agree, please Songtsan several sent to the Tang Dynasty, marriage is also unable to do so, they decided to marry by force, in the Golden Years of twelve (638) Fan Tang for the first time the war broke out. But after all the war can not solve the problem. Zhenguan 14 years (640 years), Songtsan also sent a large gift with Gar East Zambia equipment - five gold and precious curios in the two hundreds, to once again to the Tang Chang'an Please marriage. The following year, Taizong allowed to Royalty of Princess Wen Cheng Hsu married female Songtsan. Opened a Tibetan and Han peoples a new chapter of friendship.
Princess Wen Cheng logic after thousands of miles to reach some, the Tibetan people ecstatic, wearing festive costumes, dancing and singing, warmly welcome the symbol of Tibetan ethnic deep, intimate feelings of praise grinding (queen). In order to Princess Wen Cheng of life as comfortable as in Chang-an, enjoyable, and help us forget this historical event, Songtsan some logic in the capital, according to the architectural style and the style of the Tang Dynasty, in the Mabu Day Hill (now the cloth Dara Hill) Princess Wen Cheng for the construction of the city and palace.
Princess Wen Cheng and propriety-minded, learned, devout Buddhist, she was a pioneer of Tibetan unity and friendly, the Central Plains culture spread into Tibet in enhancing Sino-Tibetan ethnic groups together in unity to promote the central plains and the Tibetan regional economic and cultural exchanges and development of in history had a significant and far-reaching impact. According to folk songs popular in Tibet, Tibet Princess Wen Cheng when the class of 3800 had brought grain, livestock 5500 kinds, artisans 5,500. While these figures undoubtedly exaggerated, made over the words, but there is no denying the basic facts: With Princess Wen Cheng of Tibet, mainland areas such as the former cattle farm tools manufacturing, textile, silk reeling, construction, paper, wine, ceramics, milling, and metallurgical production technology and calendar, medicine, scientific knowledge, are gradually spread to Tibet. The local people, clothing, food, shelter and so on have changed. Such as the Tibetan people that the "door of felt off," wear clothes felt Qiu, since many people "felt release Qiu, Chi Wan in the passage, the wind gradually Muhua" the. "Since the owners of your relatives, like half of a Han Feng," Chen Tao of the Tang Dynasty poet, several lines express precisely the pro-Fan Tang and after the princess to Tibet on the Tibetan social, cultural, economic development, the role of praise and true portrayal. Similarly, the Tibetan school to send young people to the Tang Dynasty, Tibetan women in popular Chuiji, reddish brown surface, and the traditional Tibetan society polo recreation, have also spread to the Central Plains, the cultural exchanges between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples, adding a more colorful content.
Political system: the long-standing remnants of the clan system, traditional practices and the boundaries between tribal and other factors, though, said the Tubo Kingdom unified, but not actually to establish a strong centralized government decrees and royal uniform, which is extremely unfavorable to the Tibetan form of government social development. Meanwhile, in view of his father before killing and separatist rebels is great lord because there is no effective control of local nobles, then Songtsan Bureaucracy in accordance with the Tang Dynasty, from central to local build a strict rule of institutions, further strengthen and focus the power of the king.
As a strict hierarchy and the difference between the high and low rank, Songtsan also follow Tang Zhaodian chapter provides a rank taste system at all levels of officials immediately issued a chapter made of different material decoration (also known as the "Message Body"), where divided into six other: the first and so is the whistle (Jade), second is gold, silver plated Third and fourth is silver, five bronze as its cooked, such as iron end. Armband radius of three-inch nail in the coarse cloth, hangs in the arm prior to the other are equal. Dynasty also established incentive promotion system, where the officials who receive a meritorious award to upgrade, negligence, the offender will be punished, or dismissed or sentence range.
Military systems: insight Songtsan nobility, lords and tribal chiefs soldier dead weight is divisive, hinder the root cause of reunification, but also praised his father Song Long Day's blood system split the lessons undone. So he followed the Tang Fu Bing system, and combines the characteristics of the Tibetan region, the establishment of a strict military regime. According to Tibetan historical records, "five teachings", "Sage The Wedding Banquet" and other records, divided into 1000 Songtsan the Tibetan "Ru" (Tibetan, "Department" means, it is a big military area and the Tibetan Administrative Region ), that is, "Wei Ru" (that is, Ru) jurisdiction to patrol the center of the Brahmaputra some land north; "about Ru" (left Ru) jurisdiction to Yarlung River Valley as the center of the southern land; "Ye Ru" (right Ru) jurisdiction over the Brahmaputra River to the North and South; "possession of Ru" (after RU) jurisdiction over the land of the Brahmaputra River north and south. Each was divided into upper and lower sub-Ru Ru, a total of eight points Ru, among "Wei Ru" They only 7 1000 under the 1000 Government and Fu Wai 1, 3 RU each for the remaining 8 1000 House and a government under the 1000, 1000 combined total of 31 government and four under the 1000 House. General design of each sub-Ru 1, 1 lieutenant, judge a person unified management. Each 1000 government has about 1 million soldiers up and down, from 100 long, 1 000 long, 10000 long command. These officials is the military commander, is the highest Executive, local administration, but also the size of lords. Therefore, 1000 can be described as between the military and government organizations. Sub-Ru horses and flags in different colors to distinguish the purpose of a glance of the armed branch Ru for assignment. In addition, the establishment and Ru Marshal and Deputy Marshal, but seldom home, conquest when the temporary appointment by the Tubo Dynasty, dynasty prime minister position and tied for direct orders from ZAP. Ru troops after the 1000 adaptation of a total of 402,400 people, which is "New Tang Tubo" in Tibet, "hundreds of thousands of soldiers win," the records match.
The Ru Marshal, Deputy Marshal, and control the military power of the 10 000 long, long 1000 general, Songtsan stipulate that these officials must be appointed by the Government of the Kingdom, the implementation of incentive based on its merits and demerits. All the soldiers will all be registered to keep a record, the government control, not change the extension; Tubo Kingdom to mobilize all forces to be issued under the Golden Arrow to ZAP as proof. When the military campaign to send troops, but also on the supervisory army alternates Marshal, 10000 Long, 1000 long monitored. In addition, and from Songtsan l 1000 each for the imperial guards deployed Ru, dental guards Tsenpo account. Zhezhi imperial guards himself from the ZAP control, adequate to deal with local military forces. These strict military regime to ensure that he will be able to effectively command and control the military. Songtsan also established the border areas and systems, each one must personally shuaibing Inspected. Strong military to consolidate the unity and stability of Tibet, also raised the growing economic and cultural prosperity. Economic system: Tibet's economy is the main livestock. In order to facilitate the production, economic prosperity, from the Tang Dynasty Surroundings Songtsan be inspired by his combination of local social practice, the implementation of the Land System of a rather special. According to Freeman in the important role of the Tibetan society, he ordered the first part of the king's fields and state property (such as cattle) points to the poor of the freedmen, "to open up wasteland, division of fertile pastures," according to local conditions to develop agriculture and animal husbandry industry, and developed a "green book", the registration of civilians account and cultivated area, with a fixed land tax. The implementation of this system, so that the conflict between the aristocracy temporarily eased, arousing the enthusiasm of civilian production, is conducive to social and economic development. Land allocation method had also implemented in the slave in the household farming Wang Tian number of slave labor can be allocated a land, also established a dedicated civil registry, and provides for the use of the land and assume the lease gives labor . After years of respite and social stability, Tibet's economy grew. Of animal husbandry, raising of livestock to yaks, horses, sheep, mainly, but also mixed with pigs, dogs and other animals. Spring, summer, nomadic, autumn and winter pastures are fixed. Cattle and Sheep "Fan interest, on paths which are full," Tubo Dynasty imposed "tax bracket" from the side also reflects the extent of livestock development; agriculture, now has a higher production levels, training and the introduction of a new varieties of crops with barley, wheat, buckwheat, bean-based. In farming technology, generally, "two cow Taikang" type plow, farm connected to the people of "high water for the pool, lowland irrigation in the river ... ... open Crossroad" and "wide open dispensed land, building irrigation works, canals Review. "These are considerably higher than previously progressed; commerce, handicrafts have been developed, quenching and tempering techniques to master, raising the level of metallurgical industry, for the arms situation, across battlefields of a mighty force to provide sufficient armor Daojian and so on. Tibetan caravan trail, trod the Central Asia countries, creating a plateau on the unprecedented miracle.
Culture: Songtsan achievements in this respect, the most lauded is to create text, to send children to study Tibetan Buddhism in Chang'an and other items of worship. In the past, Tibet is not text, "The Official ... ... knot rope around wooden teeth." According to Tibetan foreign relations, production development and management of court politics of the urgent need for the 7th century, Songtsan sent to swallow MI Sam BHO TA 16 children of the nobility led to Tianzhu (India) and other places to study, studied Sanskrit and Western States the text, after repeated comparison, take strokes simple and clear, easy to write different form, created the 30 letters of the Tibetan phonetic ( are consonant), then used consonant or consonant overlap add some symbols constitute complex consonants. Also has designed four vowel symbols, plus up and down in the letters used to spell the Tibetan language. Tibetan created, the Songtsan not only personally, their focus on learning for 4 years, and he called on ministers to learn Tibetan language, special provisions for young children of the nobility to learn, but also give good academic awards. He also ordered to swallow MI Sam BHO TA wrote "not 30 Chung grammar" to verse verses explain the major grammar rules, including eight kinds of "grid" and the use of the virtual characters, as learning the Tibetan language textbooks (although some people Thu MI Sam BHO TA said one of the dissenting Tibetan created, or is the collective work of many unsung heroes of the results, but is in fact created Tibetan Tubo Tsenpo any Songtsan to complete, and this point has been is generally acknowledged). As a result, Tibet's culture rapid development and wide dissemination.
Tibetan Bon Religion was originally believed to divination Xiujiu, pray limitless disaster medical treatment die, "servitude spirits" and its main activities. Tibetan kings to Bon country legend, until the 7th century, the Bon leader in Tsenpo court also maintained a higher status, such as the size of the League when the witch who told God that is. When the foot has to marry Songtsan respect, the Second Princess Wen Cheng Wei Fei, mud Borneo is famous for a Buddhist nation, a very prosperous Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, the two princesses are Buddhist, they have brought the Buddha, Buddhist, possessions until Tibet. It contained, when swallowed MI Sam BHO TA has also brought back several Buddhist scriptures, later translated into Tibetan Buddhism since the beginning introduced to Tibet. Under the influence of the princesses, Songtsan have accepted Buddhism. Foot respecting Princess, Princess Wen Cheng in Tibet were built large Zhao, UNIT Second Temple was built 12 Songtsan Buddhist temple. But then the vast majority of people believe in Tibetan Bon religion, that the so-called "good curse swear, cajole spirits," yet how many people leave home to become a monk. Chan Tsenpo times until the red tride (~ 755 704), Buddhism gradually spread inside the Tibet.
There are leaders such as abandoned agricultural Tsan Su (that Songtsan - On the note) of the deep, under the Secretary of State such as the East praise (that Gar) is wise, as the leader who for good, as the minister who bring benefit to the land power and prestige, well-governed, outside the salt Fan service, internal affairs remained so until, Qian Shou Lai Man, to paying a sub, there is expropriating, the Home Office to benefit the Spring and Autumn and orderly, wish paid, handed the prisoners, is punish recalcitrant, Ling offenders suppression, good men Akira, wise praise, chivalrous grace, official competent, honest people, Pu Jie Tetra. No former Tibetan text, life began to develop at this time Songtsan; a legal official uniform, do the right size, grade points level, reward loyalty and punish disobedience.
Founder of the Tibetan Tubo Kingdom. Wow poor up to the (now Tibet Shannan Qonggyai) people. According to Tibetan Manuscripts from Dunhuang Tibetan affairs department, the Songtsen Gampo died in 649 years (the first year of the Han nationality for Gaozong Yonghui, 650), the ZAP-bit 20 years. 629 years for the Tsenpo Songtsan succession, moved the capital to some logic (now Lhasa, Tibet), to level civil strife, surrendered Su border, sheep the same department, unified the Tibetan Plateau, the assistance of the minister Gar master the formal establishment of the rule of Tubo Kingdom. He developed agriculture and animal husbandry production, promotion of irrigation, ordered to develop writing, enactment of the governance of Tibetan "big law" to deal with ZAP royal and aristocratic family, various small states and the relationship between all levels of society, the creation of the administrative system and military system , set the official product order, promulgated decrees, uniform weights and measures and tax system, from the Central Plains and mud Borneo (now Nepal), Tianzhu, introducing culture, technology, so that with the rapid development of Tibetan society. He first married the king female foot mud respect Borneo Princess. 641, Songtsan to Central Park (now Qinghai Zhaling Eling) married Princess Wen Cheng of Tang imperial clan women, formed and pro-relationship. Du Wei Tang him the Fuma, the West Sea Dukes. Chang Songtsan Youqian children of the nobility into the Chinese culture to learn poetry and literature, please scribe in charge of the Central Plains sparse table. Then please silkworm and wine making, grinding mill, paper and ink artisans, promoting Tibetan cultural exchange.
He is said to Princess Wen Cheng is not future generations.
Heir
"Step Revealed map" is the artist Yan Liben of the works of the Tang Dynasty, the content reflects the Tubo (Tibet) Songtsan Gambo married Princess Wen Cheng Wang possession of things. It is the Tibetan ethnic fraternal friendship of historical testimony. 640 AD, the Tang Zhenguan 14 years, the Tubo king sent a large phase (equivalent to prime minister) Gar Qiu Qin to Tang, the second arrived in Changan. As the Tang Empire was peace and prosperity, nations friendly to each other, so much as five brothers at the head of the National Tang Qiu Qin, Taizong was very difficult. Finally, think of a way to fair competition: Please take the examination of five ambassadors, who won the test, took home the head of Princess Marry. At that time out of five problems, Tibetan envoys Gar battle through ranks, leading the way, the final victory. Taizong was very happy thought: The angel of Songtsan this witty, smart, not to mention his Songtsan. So, decided to marry Princess Wen Cheng to the Tibetan King Songtsan. Married Princess Wen Cheng after the news reached Tibet, Tibetan people are prepared in many parts of horses, yaks, food and water, determine a grand welcome; Songtsan personally led a welcoming party to greet the Qinghai Lhasa straight start. Songtsan and said: "Today I will marry on the State Grand Princess, is honored. I want to build a city for the princess, as a memorial for future generations and the country should always be pro and Datang." He followed Tang Dynasty architectural style castle was built in Lhasa and the palace, which is now the Jokhang Temple.
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