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鬆贊幹布的父親囊日論贊，是一位很有作為的贊普。受父親的影響，少年時代的鬆贊幹布就已顯現出非凡的才能。父親被仇人毒害而死後，13歲的他即贊普位。即位後，他一面緝查兇手，一面訓練軍隊，很快平息各地的叛亂，統一各部，定都邏些（今拉薩），建立了吐蕃奴隸製政權。之後，又先後降服周圍的蘇毗、多彌、白蘭、党項、羊同等部，勢力日益強盛。
完成西藏的統一之後，鬆贊幹布開始致力於政權建設，建立了完備的、以贊普為中心、高度集權的政治和軍事機構。同時，還製定法律、稅製，任用賢明的大臣，采取許多措施鼓勵百姓學習和運用先進生産技術，發展農牧業生産，使吐蕃的社會經濟和人民生活迅速呈現中興之勢。
為改變吐蕃人沒有自己的文字、靠刻木結繩記事的落後面貌，他派出以大臣吞米•桑布紮為首的16名貴族到印度求學，終於創製出本民族的文字——藏文。為民族間經濟文化的交流和藏民族文化的保存、傳承與發展繁榮做出了巨大貢獻。
鬆贊幹布非常欣賞唐朝的富庶與繁榮。唐貞觀八年（634），遣使赴唐溝通關係。同時，與南部泥婆羅（今尼泊爾）通好。十三年（639），與泥婆羅尺尊公主聯姻後，亦遣使赴唐求婚。唐太宗為結好吐蕃，求得西部邊境的安寧，遂於十五年（641）將宗室女文成公主許配給他。唐蕃聯姻，文成公主的入藏，將佛教和內地各種先進的科學技術和文化帶到了高原，進一步促進了西藏經濟文化的發展。
唐貞觀二十三年（649），鬆贊幹布被唐高宗封為駙馬都尉、西海郡王，後又進封為賨王。並鎸其像於石，列於太宗昭陵。永徽元年（650），鬆贊幹布病逝。唐朝遣使吊祭。
吐蕃王朝的締造者鬆贊幹布
隋義寧元年(公元617年)，鬆贊幹布誕生於青藏高原雅魯藏布江南岸澤當城西雍布拉崗堡中的一個吐蕃貴族傢中。父親朗日鬆
[鬆贊幹布]
鬆贊幹布
贊是吐蕃王朝第31代贊普。（贊普：吐蕃時期百姓對君長的稱呼，藏語意為雄健的男子。據《新唐書· 吐蕃傳》載：“其俗謂強雄曰贊，丈夫曰普，故號君長曰贊普。”）鬆贊幹布是後人為他加上的尊號。（鬆贊幹布：唐代漢文史籍作棄宗弄贊、器宗弄贊、器宋弄贊、棄蘇農贊等（還有弗夜氏、不弗弄贊的稱呼)，均為譯音，藏文稱贊普墀鬆贊、鬆德贊。贊普，意為王；墀，意為“輿”“王位”；鬆贊是名字，幹布則是尊號，其意為“深沉莫測”。）當他3歲的時候，其父率兵滅掉了蘇毗部落，統一了西藏高原，由一個山南地方的小邦首領一躍成為吐蕃各部的君主。在這樣的一個家庭裏，朗日鬆贊對獨生子的培養和教育極為關懷，使鬆贊幹布從小受到了良好的家庭教育和嚴格的訓練，逐漸成為精通騎射、角力、擊劍、而武藝出衆，又愛好民歌、善於吟詩的文武全纔的王子。
唐貞觀三年(629年)，當鬆贊幹布屆滿13歲的時候，統一的吐蕃王朝遭到沉重的打擊，國王朗日鬆贊被人毒死。與此同時，父王諸臣和母後諸族一起舉兵叛變，工布、達波、娘波等地盡為叛亂者所據。不僅如此，西部的羊同部落乘勢入侵．雅魯藏布江北的蘇毗舊貴族也在積極地進行“復國”活動，他們紛紛嚮吐蕃進兵發難。鬆贊幹布面對這種內睏外擾的嚴重局勢，毅然繼承父位，挑起了吐蕃第32代贊普的重任。他沉着冷靜，依靠新興勢力，徵集了萬餘人，組成了一支精銳的隊伍。經過3年徵戰．平定了內部叛亂．穩定了局勢，再次恢復了吐蕃的統一。
貞觀六年(632年)，鬆贊幹布率部衆渡過雅魯藏布江，把都城由澤當遷到邏些(今拉薩)。這樣，既可以擺脫世代盤踞當地的某些心懷叵測的吐蕃貴族的羈絆和對生命的威脅；又可以把政治中心和軍事中心歸一．便於軍隊的指揮和控製，這對於發展專製王權和鞏固奴隸制度顯然是有重大意義的。另外，從地理位置和自然條件相比較，拉薩也是建基立業的好地方。那裏氣候宜人，景色幽美，物産豐富．中心地勢平坦開闊，四周群山環抱。遠處山嶺峽𠔌險要，進可攻，退可守。從以後的歷史證明．把拉薩作為吐蕃王朝的首府是正確的選擇。
吐蕃遷都以後，鬆贊幹布製定丁一係列兼併周邊諸羌的戰略方針，旨在統一高原。他首先把進攻目標放在蘇毗、羊同兩個王國。蘇毗，本西羌族，戶2萬，地處吐蕃北部．散居在青海玉樹等處，區域遼闊，農牧兼營，盛産良馬。鬆贊幹布父親死後。吐蕃舊臣叛離，蘇毗、羊同等也公開叛變，趁機進攻吐蕃。鬆贊幹布乃啓用名將尚囊，采用“種羊領群之法，以舌劍唇槍服之。”羊同，又稱羌塘，位吐蕃西部，“東西千裏，勝兵八九萬，辮發氈裘，畜牧為業，”且盛産與吐蕾民衆生活息息相關的食????。故鬆贊幹布親領兵丁反復徵討，終於滅其部衆。鬆贊幹布滅掉這兩個王國後，不僅消除了來自西、北部方向的威脅，而且有利於吐蕃兵員、軍糧和馬匹的補充，使之得到了一支戰鬥力很強的軍隊，為吐蕃王國的發展強大提供了物質保障。
隨後，鬆贊幹布又着手經略東方，將位於今天青海東南部和川西北地區的党項(古代羌人的一支)和位於今甘肅、青海等地的吐𠔌渾(古代鮮卑族的一支)徵服，歸於自己的統治之下。至此“東與涼、鬆、茂、巍等州相接，南至婆羅門(印度)，地方萬餘裏”的一個強大的吐蕃奴隸製政權巍然屹立在青藏高原。
平定內亂、徵服諸羌、重新統一吐蕃王朝之後。富於政治遠見的鬆贊於布一面積極主動地派遣使者赴鄰國泥婆國(今尼泊爾)請與吐蕃通聘，互相進行貿易，推銷手工藝晶並聘請工匠及藝人傳授建築、繪畫、雕刻技藝，並迎娶了泥婆羅國王鴦輸伐摩之女尺尊公主；一方面與唐王朝取得聯繫。締結和發展了藏漢兩族的親密友好情誼。當時，中原地區的唐朝在我國歷史上傑出的地主階級政治傢和軍事傢李世民的統治下，總結了歷史的經驗和教訓，實行了一係列有利於國計民生的政策，促使社會經濟、文化高度發展，國力強盛，聲威遠振，出現了“貞觀之治”的盛世．鬆贊幹布對於盛唐有着深遠的仰慕之情，貞觀八年(634年)，他派出使者赴長安與唐朝通聘問好。唐太宗對吐蕃的首次通使也很重視，當即派使臣馮德遐持書信前往致意還禮。鬆贊幹布“見德遐，大悅。聞突殿與吐𠔌渾皆尚公主，乃遣使隨德遐入朝，多賫金寶，奉表求婚”。可是，當時唐太宗沒有同意，鬆贊幹布幾次派人嚮唐朝請婚也未能如願，便决定用武力通婚，於貞觀十二年(638年)爆發了蕃唐首次戰爭。然而戰爭終歸不能解决問題。貞觀十四年(640年)，鬆贊幹布又派大相噶爾·東贊備厚禮——黃金五於兩及寶物珍玩數百件，到長安再次嚮唐太宗請婚。翌年，太宗允以宗室女文成公主許嫁鬆贊幹布。揭開了藏，漢兩族人民友好的新篇章。
貞觀十五年(公元641年)，鬆贊幹布25歲，唐朝派江夏王、禮部尚書李道宗護送16歲的文成公主入吐蕃。鬆贊幹布親率禁衛軍勁旅從吐蕃遠道出迎。文成公主一行往西由倒淌河、日月山等地到達黃河河源附近的柏海(紮陵海)，與鬆贊幹布迎親的隊伍相會。鬆贊幹布高興地穿起唐朝所贈的附馬吉服，嚮唐太宗的親族兄弟江夏王李道宗行子婿之禮，說道：“我祖父未有通婚上國者，今我得以尚大唐公主，為幸實多，……”。他陪同文成公主和李道宗一起遊覽了河源景色風光。在送別李道宗等唐使返程之後，鬆贊幹布即護送文成公主進藏。沿途，吐蕃人民都以熱烈真摯的感情歡迎文成公主。凡公主經過的地方，都流傳着許多充滿民族友愛的故事。
文成公主歷經千山萬水到達邏些後，吐蕃人民欣喜若狂，穿着節日的盛裝，載歌載舞，熱烈地迎接這位象徵漢藏民族深切、親密情誼的贊磨(王後)。為了讓文成公主的生活如同在長安一樣舒適、愉快，讓後人不忘這一歷史事件，鬆贊幹布在首府邏些，按照唐朝的建築式樣和風格，於瑪布日山(今布達拉山)專為文成公主修建了城池和宮室。
文成公主知書識禮，博學多才，篤信佛教，她作為漢藏民族團结友好的先驅，將中原文化傳播入藏，對於增進漢藏民族的親密團结，促進中原和吐蕃地區經濟文化的交流和發展，在歷史上産生了巨大而深遠的影響。據西藏民歌流傳，文成公主進藏時，曾帶去𠔌物 3800類，牲畜5500種，工匠5500人。儘管這些數字無疑有誇大、言過之詞，但是存在着不可否認的基本事實：隨着文成公主的入藏，內地牛原地區諸如農具製造、紡織、繅絲、建築、造紙、釀酒、製陶、碾磨、冶金等生産技術和歷算、醫藥等科學知識，皆陸續傳到了吐蕃。使當地人民的衣、食、住等方面發生了變化。如吐蕃人原來“以氈帳而居”，穿氈裘衣，此後不少人“釋氈裘，襲紈綺，漸慕華風”了。“自從貴主和親後，一半鬍風似漢傢”，唐代詩人陳陶的這幾句詩，正是對蕃唐和親後，公主入藏對吐蕃社會文化、經濟發展的作用的贊頌和真實寫照。同樣，吐蕃派遣青年到唐朝讀書，吐蕃婦女流行的椎髻、赭面，以及吐蕃社會傳統的馬球遊藝等，也傳到了中原地區，為藏漢民族間的文化交流，增添了更加豐富多彩的內容。
鬆贊幹布在重新統一吐蕃王朝之後，為了進一步加強與鞏固政權，使之更加繁榮、昌盛、強大，於是他利用與唐聯姻這一有利條件，盡最大的努力，建立集中的統治機構，製定嚴密的制度，積極果斷地對吐蕃的政治、軍事、經濟、文化等方面進行了一係列的重大改革。
政治制度方面：長期以來因氏族製的殘餘，傳統習慣以及部落間的界限等因素，吐蕃王朝雖稱統一，而實際上並未建立起政令統一的強大集中的王權，這種政體極不利於吐蕃社會的發展。同時，有鑒於以前父王被害和大貴族的分裂叛亂也是因為沒有有效地控製地方貴族勢力，鬆贊幹布遂依照唐朝的官製，從中央到地方建置了一套嚴密的統治機構，進一步加強和集中了王權。
吐蕃從第17世贊普起，設立了大相，作為贊普的輔臣。鬆贊幹布起，將中央高級官吏分為兩類：第一類為大相，稱為大論；又設副相1人，稱為小論；另設兵馬都元帥正副各1人，執掌兵權。第二類為宰相僚屬，其中有內大相1人，掌管國內事務，整事大相1 人，管司法訴訟；另有外交、財政等官。“諸官之中，大相最尊”“事無大小，必出於宰相，便宜從事”，而居萬人之上，一人之下。鬆贊幹布能知人善任，協助他管理行政事務的最著名的四賢臣有吞彌·桑布紮、祿東贊(即噶爾·東贊)、支·賽當汝恭頓和娘·赤桑揚頓，他們為吐蕃王朝建政初期立下了功勳。
鬆贊幹布製定了“十善法律”，共計20條。如孝敬父母，敦睦親族，敬事長上，幫助鄰里，報答慈仁，尊敬高德，以聖哲為模範，酬德報恩，鬥秤公平，不用偽度量衡，與衆和諧，說話溫雅，酒食知量，心性忠直，虔信佛、法、僧三寶等；有的是保護私有製財産和維護貴族階級利益的條文，如追回偷盜者贓物並補罰8倍賠償，及時還債，不得抨擊種姓高貴者，應受其教誨。除之還有殺人者償命，鬥爭者罰金，姦淫者斷肢、並流放異地，誑語者割舌等等。總之，它反映了統治者以佛教的戒律為準繩，為人們規定了行為規範標準，對社會秩序和國傢的安定，對生産的發展具有重要意義。
為嚴格等級制度並區別官階之高低，鬆贊幹布還仿效唐朝典章，規定了官階品位制度，即嚮各級官員頒發了不同質料製成的章飾(又叫“告身”)，凡分六等：第一等是瑟瑟(翡翠)，二等是金，三等是銀鍍金，四等是銀，五等為熟銅，末等為鐵。臂章釘在方圓三寸的粗毛布上，懸於臂前，以別貴賤。王朝還建立了奬懲升遷制度，凡官吏建立功勳者可獲奬賞提升，失職犯罪者定受懲罰，或撤職或判刑不等。
軍事制度方面：鬆贊幹布洞悉貴族、領主及部落酋長擁兵自重是導致分裂、有礙統一的病根，也是父親朗日鬆贊統而復裂的血的教訓。於是他按照唐朝府兵制度，並結合了吐蕃地區的特點，建立了一套嚴密的軍事制度。據藏文史籍《五部遺教》、《賢者喜宴》等記載，鬆贊幹布將吐蕃分為千個“茹”(藏語“部”的意思，它是吐蕃的大軍事區和行政區)，即“衛茹”(即中茹)轄以邏些為中心的雅魯藏布江北之地；“約茹” (左茹)轄以雅礱河𠔌為中心的江南之地；“葉茹”(右茹)轄雅魯藏布江上遊南北之地；“藏茹”(後茹)轄雅魯藏布江中遊南北之地。每茹又分上下兩個分茹，共8個分茹，其中除“衛茹”衹設7個千戶府和1個下千戶府外，其餘3個茹各設8個千戶府和1個下千戶府，合計共有31個千戶府和4個下千戶府。每個分茹設大將1人，副將1人，判官1人統管。每個千戶府有兵約1萬人上下，由百戶長、千戶長、萬戶長統帥。這些官員既是軍隊的統帥，又是地方行政的最高長官，同時也是大小領主。故千戶府可謂軍政合一的組織。各分茹的馬匹和旗幟以不同的顔色相區別，目的是一目瞭然該支茹的武裝，以便調遣。另外，茹的編製設有元帥和副元帥，但不常置，徵伐時由吐蕃王朝臨時委派，位與王朝宰相平列，直接聽命於贊普。改編後的千茹兵力總計402400人，這與《新唐書·吐蕃傳》中吐蕃“勝兵數十萬”的記載相吻合。
各茹的元帥、副元帥以及掌握兵權的萬戶長、千戶長等大將，鬆贊幹布規定這些官員都必須經由王國政府任命，根據其功過實行奬懲。所有士兵都按名登記造册，由政府掌管，不得更改擴充；吐蕃王國所有軍隊調動必須以贊普下發的金箭為憑。軍隊出兵徵戰時，又另派監軍對元帥、萬戶長、千戶長等進行監督。此外，鬆贊幹布又從每茹抽調l千戶為禁軍，守衛贊普牙帳。這支禁軍由贊普親自掌握，足以對付地方軍隊的勢力。有這些嚴密的軍事制度保證，他就能夠有效地控製和指揮軍隊。鬆贊幹布還建立了戍邊制度，每年必親自率兵巡邊一次。軍事上的強盛，鞏固了吐蕃的統一和安定，也引起了經濟和文化上的日益繁榮。經濟制度方面：吐蕃的經濟以畜牧業為主。為有利於生産，繁榮經濟，鬆贊幹布從唐朝的均田製中得到啓發，他結合當地的社會實際，施行了一種比較特殊的均田製。根據自由民在吐蕃社會所處的重要地位，他下令，首先把王田和一部分國傢財物(如牲畜)分給了貧苦的自由民，“開拓荒地，劃分良田牧場”，因地製宜地發展農業與畜牧業，並製定了“緑册”，登記平民的戶口和耕地面積，隨土地而固定賦稅。這種制度的推行，使貴族與平民之間的矛盾暫時有所緩和，有利於調動平民的生産積極性，有利於社會經濟的發展。土地分配之法還曾推行於奴隸中，耕種王田的每戶奴隸可按勞動力的多少分配一份土地，也立有專門的戶籍册，並規定了所使用的土地及擔負的租賦與勞役。經過多年的休養生息與社會安定，吐蕃的經濟逐漸繁榮起來。畜牧業上，飼養的牲畜以氂牛、馬、羊為主，亦雜有豬、狗等傢畜。春、夏季逐水草而居，秋、鼕季節有固定的草場。“牛羊蕃息，蹊徑皆滿，”吐蕃王朝徵收的“牛腿稅”從側面也反映了牧業發達的程度；農業上，此時已有了較高的生産水平，培育和引進了新品種，農作物以青稞、小麥、蕎麥、豆類為主。在耕作技術上，一般采用“二牛擡扛”式的犁耕，農田相連，人民以“高地蓄水為池，低地於河中引水灌溉……開闢阡陌”並“廣開田畝，興修水利，溝渠縱橫。”這些比以前都大大地進步了；商業、手工業得到了發展，淬火和磨礪技術的掌握，冶金業水平的提高，為幹戈風雲、馳騁疆場的千軍萬馬提供了足夠的鎧甲刀箭等。吐蕃商隊的足跡，踏遍了中亞細亞各國，創造了高原上前所未有的奇跡。
文化方面：鬆贊幹布在這一方面的建樹，最為人稱頌的是創製文字，派吐蕃子弟求學長安和崇奉佛教等項。從前，吐蕃沒有文字，“其吏治……結繩齒木為約。”根據吐蕃對外關係、生産發展及治理朝政的迫切需要，公元7世紀初，鬆贊幹布派出以吞彌·桑布紮為首的16名貴族子弟到天竺(印度)等地留學，研究梵文和西域各國文字，經過反復的比較，采取筆劃簡單明確、易於書寫的不同形體，創製了有30個字母的藏文拼音文字(都是輔音)，又利用輔音重疊或在輔音上添加一定的符號構成復輔音。另外又設計了4個元音符號，加在字母的上下，用來拼寫藏語。藏文創製後，鬆贊幹布不但身體力行，自己專心學習了4年，而且他號召大臣們學習藏文，特別規定青年貴族子弟必須學習，學業好的還要給以奬勵。他又命吞彌·桑布紮撰寫了《文法根本三十頌》，以韻文歌訣說明主要的文法規則，包括8種“格”和虛字的使用法，作為學習藏文的教科書(儘管有人對吞彌·桑布紮一人創製藏文之說持有異議，或者說是衆多無名英雄的集體勞動成果，但藏文的創製的確是在鬆贊幹布任吐蕃贊普時完成的，這一點一直為衆所公認)。由此，吐蕃的民族文化得到迅速的發展和廣泛的傳播。
鬆贊幹布在位時，選派了一批精通藏文的貴族子弟到唐都長安，入太學學習詩書，讓他們大量地接受唐朝先進的封建文化。這些人聰慧不凡，許多人取得了優異的成績。如唐高宗時的吐蕃使臣仲琮精通藏漢兩種文字，辯纔無礙，曾為唐人所稱道。又如唐中宗時赴唐迎娶金城公主的吐蕃使臣明悉獵與漢族文人對詩，由於其“玉醴由來獻壽觴”極為得體，被傳為佳話。
吐蕃人原來信奉苯教，以占卜休咎、祈福禳災、治病送死、“役使鬼神”等為其主要活動。傳說吐蕃先王以苯教治國，直到7世紀時，苯教首領在贊普朝廷中還保持着較高的地位，如大小盟會時告神的巫者即是。鬆贊幹布時先後迎娶尺尊、文成二公主為妃，泥婆羅是著名的佛教國傢，唐朝的佛教也極興盛，兩位公主都信仰佛教，她們先後帶來了佛像、佛經、法物等到吐蕃。據載，吞彌·桑布紮回國時也帶來了幾部佛教經典，以後譯成藏文，自此佛教開始傳入了吐蕃。在公主們的影響下，鬆贊幹布也接受了佛教。尺尊公主、文成公主分別在吐蕃建立了大昭、小昭二寺，鬆贊幹布則建立了 12座佛教寺廟。不過當時吐蕃人絶大部分是信奉苯教的，即所謂“好咒誓、諂鬼神”，還沒有多少人出傢當和尚。直到赤德祖贊贊普時代(704～755年)，佛教纔逐漸在吐蕃境內傳播開來。
鬆贊幹布對周邊各國，采取了睦鄰友好的政策。他在位期間，把堅持發展與唐的親密關係，作為締造強大繁榮昌盛的吐蕃王朝的基本國策，使吐蕃和唐朝的關係極為和睦，雙方之間互敬互助，加強了彼此的友好情誼。儘管後來雙方的統治者屢次失和，但兩族的傳統友誼卻一直繼續下來，雙邊使節往來與年俱增，絡繹不絶，並在往返的信件中經常提到相互“雖雲兩國，實若一傢”“舅甥修其舊好，同為一傢。”據粗略統計，自貞觀八年(634年)至會昌六年 (846年)的212年內，雙方遣使來往達到200餘次之多，平均近1年就有1次。為了便利交通，吐蕃境內進一步完善了驛站制度，“百裏一驛”，驛有“量頓官”，對唐使“接待殷勤，供應豐厚。”
貞觀十八年(644年)，唐太宗遠征遼東無功而還，心情很不好。鬆贊幹布立即派祿東贊入長安上奉表文，申言自己是唐太宗的子婿，並獻用黃金鑄成的“金鵝”一隻，“高七尺，中可實酒三斛”，作為吐蕃對唐友好的表示。
貞觀二十二年(648年)，唐朝使臣王玄策應差赴西域途中在中天竺被劫，大部分隨從被殺，所攜財物被搶一空，王玄策衹身逃往吐蕃，請求討賊。鬆贊幹布聞訊立即派出精兵幹餘人，又請泥婆羅出騎兵7幹多人協助，由王玄策指揮，擊敗了中天竺劫賊，虜其王執獻長安，再次體現了蕃唐間的互助友好關係。
貞觀二十三年(649年)，唐太宗李世民去世後，太子李治繼位，他授於鬆贊幹布“附馬都尉”之職，封爵“西海郡王”。鬆贊幹布對唐朝新君繼位當即上表效忠朝廷，致書唐朝宰相長孫無忌表示：如果在朝廷內部或外部有人想藉太宗新喪和高宗新立之際而發動叛亂，他將親自點兵赴難，共同討伐叛賊。並獻金銀珠寶15種，請置太宗靈前。唐高宗李治對鬆贊幹布的忠心大為欣賞，特加封他為“賈王”，下令雕刻鬆贊幹布的石像，與其他業績昭著的王公將相的石像一道列於唐太宗墓陵旁邊，以示對他的最高奬賞。
永徽元年(650 年)，鬆贊幹布在34歲的盛年時去世於邏些。高宗十分傷感，派將軍鮮於匡濟前往吊祭。鬆贊幹布的一生，穩定內部，鞏固王權，結束長期分散的局面，統一吐蕃王朝，建立了強盛的奴隸政權；推行睦鄰友好政策，積極與唐皇室聯姻，推進藏漢之間親密關係的發展，為藏族社會的進步和藏民族的發展壯大，為中華民族的統一和祖國內地與吐蕃的政治、經濟、文化的交流，做出了巨大的寶貴的貢獻。
當時的臣民這樣稱贊文治武功的鬆贊幹布：
上有首領如棄蘇農贊(即鬆贊幹布——作者註)之深沉，下有大臣如東贊(即祿東贊)之賢明，為首領者替天行道，為大臣者澤被大地，權位威嚴，治理有方，外蕃鹹服，內政修明，黔首黎民，尊卑有次，徵斂有則，居處受益，春秋有序，心願有償，強橫則囚，頑抗是懲，凌犯者抑，善良者彰，賢明稱贊，勇武蒙恩，為官稱職，為民淳樸，普皆利樂。吐蕃昔無文字，鬆贊幹布此時始命製定；建立法律官服，權別大小，職分高低，奬勵忠貞，懲處悖逆。
評價
鬆贊幹布的一生，功績卓著。他統一了青藏高原，建立了強大的奴隸製政權，促進了吐蕃政治、經濟、文化的全面發展，將藏族人民引入了團结、繁榮、富強的時代；溝通了與內地唐朝的友好關係，推動了漢藏民族文化的交流與發展。為後來西藏正式納入祖國版圖和統一多民族國傢的建立，奠定了堅實的基礎，做出了巨大貢獻。
藏族吐蕃王國的創建者。窮哇達則（今西藏山南地區瓊結）人。據敦煌所出藏文寫捲吐蕃大事係年，鬆贊幹布卒於649年（漢籍作唐高宗永徽元年，650），在贊普位20餘年。629年，鬆贊幹布繼位為贊普 ，遷都邏些（今西藏拉薩），削平內亂，降服蘇毗、羊同等部，統一青藏高原，在大臣祿東贊協助下正式建立奴隸主統治的吐蕃王國。他發展農牧業生産，推廣灌溉 ，命人製定文字 ，頒行治理吐蕃之“ 大法令”，以處理贊普王室與世傢貴族、諸小邦及社會各階層的關係，創設行政制度和軍事制度，設置官職品階，頒布律令，統一度量衡和課稅制度，從中原及泥婆羅（今尼泊爾）、天竺等地引進文化、技術，使吐蕃社會有了迅速發展。他先娶泥婆羅王女尺尊公主 。641年 ，鬆贊幹布至柏海（今青海紮陵湖鄂陵湖）迎娶唐宗室女文成公主，結成和親關係。唐封他為駙馬都尉、西海郡王。鬆贊幹布又遣貴族子弟至長安入國學，學習詩書，請中原文士掌管其表疏。後又請蠶種及造酒、碾磑、紙墨工匠，促進了漢藏文化的交流。
鬆贊幹布是西藏歷史上最重要、最廣為人知的藏王。他在西藏高原實現了統一，正式建立吐蕃王朝。鬆贊幹布為鞏固統一，曾采取了一係列有效措施：遷都拉薩並建造布達拉宮；把西藏劃為六大行政區域；推廣佛教；創製文字；與唐王朝和尼泊爾聯姻，迎娶文成公主和尺尊公主，並建成大昭寺、小昭寺；統一席量衡制度；鼓勵衆民開墾荒地；保護水利資源；開山修路以促進貿易，等等。這些對發展吐蕃的經濟、文化、佛教、醫藥等起了很大的促進作用。藏族歷來十分敬重鬆贊幹布，他不僅被視為觀音的化身，而且是有口皆碑的三大法王之一，另兩位法王是赤鬆德贊和赤祖德贊 .
子女及親屬
據說，他和文成公主沒有後代。
但是和別的妃子有一子。鬆贊幹布跟芒薩赤增妃（也稱卓赤瑪張讓）生一子，稱為貢鬆貢贊。
另據野史記載,鬆贊幹布小時候有一長兄達贊幹布，出生不滿一年即因病夭折，因忌諱此事當地人均忌口不談，後文獻亦均無記載，故無從考證。
繼承人
鬆贊幹布的獨子貢日貢贊逝於父親之前。所以鬆贊幹布歿後由貢日貢贊之子芒鬆芒贊繼任贊普。
書畫記載
《步輦圖》是唐代畫傢閻立本的作品，內容反映的是吐蕃(西藏)王鬆贊幹布迎娶文成公主人藏的事。它是漢藏兄弟民族友好情誼的歷史見證。公元640年，即唐貞觀十四年，吐蕃王派大相(相當於宰相)祿東贊嚮大唐求親，第二年到達長安。由於當時大唐帝國國泰民安，各民族友好相處，因此，當時竟有五個兄弟民族的首領嚮大唐求親，太宗很是為難。最後，想出一個平等競爭的辦法：請五位大使參加考試，誰考勝了，就把公主嫁給誰傢的首領。當時出了五道難題，吐蕃使臣祿東贊過關斬將，一路領先，最終取得了勝利。太宗非常高興，心想：鬆贊幹布的使臣這樣機智、聰明，鬆贊幹布自己更不用說了。於是，决定將文成公主嫁予吐蕃王鬆贊幹布。文成公主出嫁的消息傳到吐蕃以後，吐蕃人在很多地方都準備了馬匹、氂牛、食物和飲水，决定隆重迎接；鬆贊幹布親率歡迎隊伍由拉薩出發直奔青海迎接。鬆贊幹布高興地說：“我今天能娶上國大唐公主，實在榮幸。我要為公主建造一座城，作為紀念，讓子孫萬代都要與上國大唐永遠親和。”他按照唐朝的建築風格，在拉薩修建了城郭和宮室，這就是現在的大昭寺。
從繪畫藝術角度看，作者的表現技巧已相當純熟。衣紋器物的勾勒墨綫圓轉流暢中時帶堅韌，暢而不滑，頓而不滯；主要人物的神情舉止栩栩如生，寫照之間更能麯傳神韻；圖像局部配以暈染，如人物所著靴筒的折皺等處，顯得極具立體感；全捲設色濃重淳淨，大面積紅緑色塊交錯安排，富於韻律感和鮮明的視覺效果。此圖一說為宋摹本，但摹繪較精，仍不失原作之真。幅上有宋初章友直小篆書有關故事，還錄有唐李道志、李德裕“重裝背”時題記兩行。
Tang Zhen Guan 20 years (649), was Gaozong Songtsan labeled Fuma Du Wei, the West Sea Dukes, and later into the labeled Cong Wang. And Juan, as in the stone, out in the Taizong Zhaoling. Yonghui first year (650), Songtsan died. Tang Sending Envoys express their condolences.
[Songtsan]
Zambia is the Tubo Dynasty 31 on behalf of the ZAP. (ZAP: the Tibetan people, the monarch addressed a long, vigorous man in Tibetan means. According to "New Book of Tang Tubo" set: "the vulgar praise, saying that the strong male, the husband said, S & P, so Chun Cheung said, No. Tsenpo. ") Songtsan is added after the man he's appellation. (Songtsan: Tang Dynasty Chinese historical case for abandoning get praise, praise get device number, device get praise song, praise and other farmers abandoned the Soviet Union (also Eph Night's, do not get praise Front called), are transliterated, Tibetan Chi Chung Chan praised the general, Songde praise. Tsenpo, which means the king; chee, meaning "public opinion" "the throne"; loose praise is the name, dry cloth is the appellation, meaning "deep and hard." ) when he was 3 years old when his father shuaibing exterminate Soviet border tribes, the unification of the Tibetan plateau, Shannan place by a head of the small states became Turbans monarchy. In such a family, Long Day song praise on the only son of great concern for the training and education to be a good Songtsan childhood family education and rigorous training, become proficient in riding and shooting, wrestling, fencing and martial arts outstanding also love folk songs, poetry and the Wenwuquancai good prince.
Then they proceed through a little Songtsan East, will be located on the southeast and northwest Sichuan Qinghai party item (the ancient Qiang 1), and in this Gansu and Qinghai Tuyuhun (ancient Xianbeis 1) conquest, to the self-governing. At this point, "East and cool, loose, Mao, Wei and other states phase, south Brahmin (India), where thousand years" of slavery as a great power stands firmly in the Tibetan Plateau.
Put down civil strife, conquered Zhu Qiang, after the reunification of the Tubo Kingdom. Political vision rich praise on the fabric side of the pine actively sending envoys to go to neighboring countries mud woman (now Nepal), please engage with Tibet through mutual trade, selling arts and crafts crystal and employ craftsmen and artistes to teach architecture, painting, sculpture art , and married the king mandarin duck mud Borneo lose respect for cutting-foot Mount daughter Princess; on the one hand contact with the Tang dynasty. The conclusion of the development of the Tibetan and Han nationality and close friendship. At that time, the Central Plains of the Tang Dynasty in Chinese history, outstanding statesman and military strategist landlords under the rule of Li Shimin, summed up the historical experience and lessons learned, implemented a series of policies conducive to the national economy and promote the socio-economic, cultural, highly developed , national prosperity, sound Weiyuan vibration, a "Golden Years" of Golden Age. Tang Songtsan profound admiration for the sentiment, Zhen Guan eight years (634 years), he sent envoys to go to Chang and Tang recruited through say hello. The first pass on the Tibetan Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to, immediately sent letters to the envoys Wundt held to pay tribute requital ya. Songtsan "See de-ya, big Yue. Tuyuhun are heard and suddenly the house is still Princess, Naiqian to ya for Korea along with Germany, many turn to Campbell, Feng Biao marry him." However, when Emperor Taizong did not agree, please Songtsan several sent to the Tang Dynasty, marriage is also unable to do so, they decided to marry by force, in the Golden Years of twelve (638) Fan Tang for the first time the war broke out. But after all the war can not solve the problem. Zhenguan 14 years (640 years), Songtsan also sent a large gift with Gar East Zambia equipment - five gold and precious curios in the two hundreds, to once again to the Tang Chang'an Please marriage. The following year, Taizong allowed to Royalty of Princess Wen Cheng Hsu married female Songtsan. Opened a Tibetan and Han peoples a new chapter of friendship.
Princess Wen Cheng logic after thousands of miles to reach some, the Tibetan people ecstatic, wearing festive costumes, dancing and singing, warmly welcome the symbol of Tibetan ethnic deep, intimate feelings of praise grinding (queen). In order to Princess Wen Cheng of life as comfortable as in Chang-an, enjoyable, and help us forget this historical event, Songtsan some logic in the capital, according to the architectural style and the style of the Tang Dynasty, in the Mabu Day Hill (now the cloth Dara Hill) Princess Wen Cheng for the construction of the city and palace.
Princess Wen Cheng and propriety-minded, learned, devout Buddhist, she was a pioneer of Tibetan unity and friendly, the Central Plains culture spread into Tibet in enhancing Sino-Tibetan ethnic groups together in unity to promote the central plains and the Tibetan regional economic and cultural exchanges and development of in history had a significant and far-reaching impact. According to folk songs popular in Tibet, Tibet Princess Wen Cheng when the class of 3800 had brought grain, livestock 5500 kinds, artisans 5,500. While these figures undoubtedly exaggerated, made over the words, but there is no denying the basic facts: With Princess Wen Cheng of Tibet, mainland areas such as the former cattle farm tools manufacturing, textile, silk reeling, construction, paper, wine, ceramics, milling, and metallurgical production technology and calendar, medicine, scientific knowledge, are gradually spread to Tibet. The local people, clothing, food, shelter and so on have changed. Such as the Tibetan people that the "door of felt off," wear clothes felt Qiu, since many people "felt release Qiu, Chi Wan in the passage, the wind gradually Muhua" the. "Since the owners of your relatives, like half of a Han Feng," Chen Tao of the Tang Dynasty poet, several lines express precisely the pro-Fan Tang and after the princess to Tibet on the Tibetan social, cultural, economic development, the role of praise and true portrayal. Similarly, the Tibetan school to send young people to the Tang Dynasty, Tibetan women in popular Chuiji, reddish brown surface, and the traditional Tibetan society polo recreation, have also spread to the Central Plains, the cultural exchanges between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples, adding a more colorful content.
Political system: the long-standing remnants of the clan system, traditional practices and the boundaries between tribal and other factors, though, said the Tubo Kingdom unified, but not actually to establish a strong centralized government decrees and royal uniform, which is extremely unfavorable to the Tibetan form of government social development. Meanwhile, in view of his father before killing and separatist rebels is great lord because there is no effective control of local nobles, then Songtsan Bureaucracy in accordance with the Tang Dynasty, from central to local build a strict rule of institutions, further strengthen and focus the power of the king.
As a strict hierarchy and the difference between the high and low rank, Songtsan also follow Tang Zhaodian chapter provides a rank taste system at all levels of officials immediately issued a chapter made of different material decoration (also known as the "Message Body"), where divided into six other: the first and so is the whistle (Jade), second is gold, silver plated Third and fourth is silver, five bronze as its cooked, such as iron end. Armband radius of three-inch nail in the coarse cloth, hangs in the arm prior to the other are equal. Dynasty also established incentive promotion system, where the officials who receive a meritorious award to upgrade, negligence, the offender will be punished, or dismissed or sentence range.
Military systems: insight Songtsan nobility, lords and tribal chiefs soldier dead weight is divisive, hinder the root cause of reunification, but also praised his father Song Long Day's blood system split the lessons undone. So he followed the Tang Fu Bing system, and combines the characteristics of the Tibetan region, the establishment of a strict military regime. According to Tibetan historical records, "five teachings", "Sage The Wedding Banquet" and other records, divided into 1000 Songtsan the Tibetan "Ru" (Tibetan, "Department" means, it is a big military area and the Tibetan Administrative Region ), that is, "Wei Ru" (that is, Ru) jurisdiction to patrol the center of the Brahmaputra some land north; "about Ru" (left Ru) jurisdiction to Yarlung River Valley as the center of the southern land; "Ye Ru" (right Ru) jurisdiction over the Brahmaputra River to the North and South; "possession of Ru" (after RU) jurisdiction over the land of the Brahmaputra River north and south. Each was divided into upper and lower sub-Ru Ru, a total of eight points Ru, among "Wei Ru" They only 7 1000 under the 1000 Government and Fu Wai 1, 3 RU each for the remaining 8 1000 House and a government under the 1000, 1000 combined total of 31 government and four under the 1000 House. General design of each sub-Ru 1, 1 lieutenant, judge a person unified management. Each 1000 government has about 1 million soldiers up and down, from 100 long, 1 000 long, 10000 long command. These officials is the military commander, is the highest Executive, local administration, but also the size of lords. Therefore, 1000 can be described as between the military and government organizations. Sub-Ru horses and flags in different colors to distinguish the purpose of a glance of the armed branch Ru for assignment. In addition, the establishment and Ru Marshal and Deputy Marshal, but seldom home, conquest when the temporary appointment by the Tubo Dynasty, dynasty prime minister position and tied for direct orders from ZAP. Ru troops after the 1000 adaptation of a total of 402,400 people, which is "New Tang Tubo" in Tibet, "hundreds of thousands of soldiers win," the records match.
The Ru Marshal, Deputy Marshal, and control the military power of the 10 000 long, long 1000 general, Songtsan stipulate that these officials must be appointed by the Government of the Kingdom, the implementation of incentive based on its merits and demerits. All the soldiers will all be registered to keep a record, the government control, not change the extension; Tubo Kingdom to mobilize all forces to be issued under the Golden Arrow to ZAP as proof. When the military campaign to send troops, but also on the supervisory army alternates Marshal, 10000 Long, 1000 long monitored. In addition, and from Songtsan l 1000 each for the imperial guards deployed Ru, dental guards Tsenpo account. Zhezhi imperial guards himself from the ZAP control, adequate to deal with local military forces. These strict military regime to ensure that he will be able to effectively command and control the military. Songtsan also established the border areas and systems, each one must personally shuaibing Inspected. Strong military to consolidate the unity and stability of Tibet, also raised the growing economic and cultural prosperity. Economic system: Tibet's economy is the main livestock. In order to facilitate the production, economic prosperity, from the Tang Dynasty Surroundings Songtsan be inspired by his combination of local social practice, the implementation of the Land System of a rather special. According to Freeman in the important role of the Tibetan society, he ordered the first part of the king's fields and state property (such as cattle) points to the poor of the freedmen, "to open up wasteland, division of fertile pastures," according to local conditions to develop agriculture and animal husbandry industry, and developed a "green book", the registration of civilians account and cultivated area, with a fixed land tax. The implementation of this system, so that the conflict between the aristocracy temporarily eased, arousing the enthusiasm of civilian production, is conducive to social and economic development. Land allocation method had also implemented in the slave in the household farming Wang Tian number of slave labor can be allocated a land, also established a dedicated civil registry, and provides for the use of the land and assume the lease gives labor . After years of respite and social stability, Tibet's economy grew. Of animal husbandry, raising of livestock to yaks, horses, sheep, mainly, but also mixed with pigs, dogs and other animals. Spring, summer, nomadic, autumn and winter pastures are fixed. Cattle and Sheep "Fan interest, on paths which are full," Tubo Dynasty imposed "tax bracket" from the side also reflects the extent of livestock development; agriculture, now has a higher production levels, training and the introduction of a new varieties of crops with barley, wheat, buckwheat, bean-based. In farming technology, generally, "two cow Taikang" type plow, farm connected to the people of "high water for the pool, lowland irrigation in the river ... ... open Crossroad" and "wide open dispensed land, building irrigation works, canals Review. "These are considerably higher than previously progressed; commerce, handicrafts have been developed, quenching and tempering techniques to master, raising the level of metallurgical industry, for the arms situation, across battlefields of a mighty force to provide sufficient armor Daojian and so on. Tibetan caravan trail, trod the Central Asia countries, creating a plateau on the unprecedented miracle.
Culture: Songtsan achievements in this respect, the most lauded is to create text, to send children to study Tibetan Buddhism in Chang'an and other items of worship. In the past, Tibet is not text, "The Official ... ... knot rope around wooden teeth." According to Tibetan foreign relations, production development and management of court politics of the urgent need for the 7th century, Songtsan sent to swallow MI Sam BHO TA 16 children of the nobility led to Tianzhu (India) and other places to study, studied Sanskrit and Western States the text, after repeated comparison, take strokes simple and clear, easy to write different form, created the 30 letters of the Tibetan phonetic ( are consonant), then used consonant or consonant overlap add some symbols constitute complex consonants. Also has designed four vowel symbols, plus up and down in the letters used to spell the Tibetan language. Tibetan created, the Songtsan not only personally, their focus on learning for 4 years, and he called on ministers to learn Tibetan language, special provisions for young children of the nobility to learn, but also give good academic awards. He also ordered to swallow MI Sam BHO TA wrote "not 30 Chung grammar" to verse verses explain the major grammar rules, including eight kinds of "grid" and the use of the virtual characters, as learning the Tibetan language textbooks (although some people Thu MI Sam BHO TA said one of the dissenting Tibetan created, or is the collective work of many unsung heroes of the results, but is in fact created Tibetan Tubo Tsenpo any Songtsan to complete, and this point has been is generally acknowledged). As a result, Tibet's culture rapid development and wide dissemination.
Tibetan Bon Religion was originally believed to divination Xiujiu, pray limitless disaster medical treatment die, "servitude spirits" and its main activities. Tibetan kings to Bon country legend, until the 7th century, the Bon leader in Tsenpo court also maintained a higher status, such as the size of the League when the witch who told God that is. When the foot has to marry Songtsan respect, the Second Princess Wen Cheng Wei Fei, mud Borneo is famous for a Buddhist nation, a very prosperous Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, the two princesses are Buddhist, they have brought the Buddha, Buddhist, possessions until Tibet. It contained, when swallowed MI Sam BHO TA has also brought back several Buddhist scriptures, later translated into Tibetan Buddhism since the beginning introduced to Tibet. Under the influence of the princesses, Songtsan have accepted Buddhism. Foot respecting Princess, Princess Wen Cheng in Tibet were built large Zhao, UNIT Second Temple was built 12 Songtsan Buddhist temple. But then the vast majority of people believe in Tibetan Bon religion, that the so-called "good curse swear, cajole spirits," yet how many people leave home to become a monk. Chan Tsenpo times until the red tride (~ 755 704), Buddhism gradually spread inside the Tibet.
There are leaders such as abandoned agricultural Tsan Su (that Songtsan - On the note) of the deep, under the Secretary of State such as the East praise (that Gar) is wise, as the leader who for good, as the minister who bring benefit to the land power and prestige, well-governed, outside the salt Fan service, internal affairs remained so until, Qian Shou Lai Man, to paying a sub, there is expropriating, the Home Office to benefit the Spring and Autumn and orderly, wish paid, handed the prisoners, is punish recalcitrant, Ling offenders suppression, good men Akira, wise praise, chivalrous grace, official competent, honest people, Pu Jie Tetra. No former Tibetan text, life began to develop at this time Songtsan; a legal official uniform, do the right size, grade points level, reward loyalty and punish disobedience.
Founder of the Tibetan Tubo Kingdom. Wow poor up to the (now Tibet Shannan Qonggyai) people. According to Tibetan Manuscripts from Dunhuang Tibetan affairs department, the Songtsen Gampo died in 649 years (the first year of the Han nationality for Gaozong Yonghui, 650), the ZAP-bit 20 years. 629 years for the Tsenpo Songtsan succession, moved the capital to some logic (now Lhasa, Tibet), to level civil strife, surrendered Su border, sheep the same department, unified the Tibetan Plateau, the assistance of the minister Gar master the formal establishment of the rule of Tubo Kingdom. He developed agriculture and animal husbandry production, promotion of irrigation, ordered to develop writing, enactment of the governance of Tibetan "big law" to deal with ZAP royal and aristocratic family, various small states and the relationship between all levels of society, the creation of the administrative system and military system , set the official product order, promulgated decrees, uniform weights and measures and tax system, from the Central Plains and mud Borneo (now Nepal), Tianzhu, introducing culture, technology, so that with the rapid development of Tibetan society. He first married the king female foot mud respect Borneo Princess. 641, Songtsan to Central Park (now Qinghai Zhaling Eling) married Princess Wen Cheng of Tang imperial clan women, formed and pro-relationship. Du Wei Tang him the Fuma, the West Sea Dukes. Chang Songtsan Youqian children of the nobility into the Chinese culture to learn poetry and literature, please scribe in charge of the Central Plains sparse table. Then please silkworm and wine making, grinding mill, paper and ink artisans, promoting Tibetan cultural exchange.
He is said to Princess Wen Cheng is not future generations.
Heir
"Step Revealed map" is the artist Yan Liben of the works of the Tang Dynasty, the content reflects the Tubo (Tibet) Songtsan Gambo married Princess Wen Cheng Wang possession of things. It is the Tibetan ethnic fraternal friendship of historical testimony. 640 AD, the Tang Zhenguan 14 years, the Tubo king sent a large phase (equivalent to prime minister) Gar Qiu Qin to Tang, the second arrived in Changan. As the Tang Empire was peace and prosperity, nations friendly to each other, so much as five brothers at the head of the National Tang Qiu Qin, Taizong was very difficult. Finally, think of a way to fair competition: Please take the examination of five ambassadors, who won the test, took home the head of Princess Marry. At that time out of five problems, Tibetan envoys Gar battle through ranks, leading the way, the final victory. Taizong was very happy thought: The angel of Songtsan this witty, smart, not to mention his Songtsan. So, decided to marry Princess Wen Cheng to the Tibetan King Songtsan. Married Princess Wen Cheng after the news reached Tibet, Tibetan people are prepared in many parts of horses, yaks, food and water, determine a grand welcome; Songtsan personally led a welcoming party to greet the Qinghai Lhasa straight start. Songtsan and said: "Today I will marry on the State Grand Princess, is honored. I want to build a city for the princess, as a memorial for future generations and the country should always be pro and Datang." He followed Tang Dynasty architectural style castle was built in Lhasa and the palace, which is now the Jokhang Temple.