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松赞干布的父亲囊日论赞，是一位很有作为的赞普。受父亲的影响，少年时代的松赞干布就已显现出非凡的才能。父亲被仇人毒害而死后，13岁的他即赞普位。即位后，他一面缉查凶手，一面训练军队，很快平息各地的叛乱，统一各部，定都逻些（今拉萨），建立了吐蕃奴隶制政权。之后，又先后降服周围的苏毗、多弥、白兰、党项、羊同等部，势力日益强盛。
完成西藏的统一之后，松赞干布开始致力于政权建设，建立了完备的、以赞普为中心、高度集权的政治和军事机构。同时，还制定法律、税制，任用贤明的大臣，采取许多措施鼓励百姓学习和运用先进生产技术，发展农牧业生产，使吐蕃的社会经济和人民生活迅速呈现中兴之势。
为改变吐蕃人没有自己的文字、靠刻木结绳记事的落后面貌，他派出以大臣吞米•桑布扎为首的16名贵族到印度求学，终于创制出本民族的文字——藏文。为民族间经济文化的交流和藏民族文化的保存、传承与发展繁荣做出了巨大贡献。
松赞干布非常欣赏唐朝的富庶与繁荣。唐贞观八年（634），遣使赴唐沟通关系。同时，与南部泥婆罗（今尼泊尔）通好。十三年（639），与泥婆罗尺尊公主联姻后，亦遣使赴唐求婚。唐太宗为结好吐蕃，求得西部边境的安宁，遂于十五年（641）将宗室女文成公主许配给他。唐蕃联姻，文成公主的入藏，将佛教和内地各种先进的科学技术和文化带到了高原，进一步促进了西藏经济文化的发展。
唐贞观二十三年（649），松赞干布被唐高宗封为驸马都尉、西海郡王，后又进封为賨王。并镌其像于石，列于太宗昭陵。永徽元年（650），松赞干布病逝。唐朝遣使吊祭。
吐蕃王朝的缔造者松赞干布
隋义宁元年(公元617年)，松赞干布诞生于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江南岸泽当城西雍布拉岗堡中的一个吐蕃贵族家中。父亲朗日松
[松赞干布]
松赞干布
赞是吐蕃王朝第31代赞普。（赞普：吐蕃时期百姓对君长的称呼，藏语意为雄健的男子。据《新唐书· 吐蕃传》载：“其俗谓强雄曰赞，丈夫曰普，故号君长曰赞普。”）松赞干布是后人为他加上的尊号。（松赞干布：唐代汉文史籍作弃宗弄赞、器宗弄赞、器宋弄赞、弃苏农赞等（还有弗夜氏、不弗弄赞的称呼)，均为译音，藏文称赞普墀松赞、松德赞。赞普，意为王；墀，意为“舆”“王位”；松赞是名字，干布则是尊号，其意为“深沉莫测”。）当他3岁的时候，其父率兵灭掉了苏毗部落，统一了西藏高原，由一个山南地方的小邦首领一跃成为吐蕃各部的君主。在这样的一个家庭里，朗日松赞对独生子的培养和教育极为关怀，使松赞干布从小受到了良好的家庭教育和严格的训练，逐渐成为精通骑射、角力、击剑、而武艺出众，又爱好民歌、善于吟诗的文武全才的王子。
唐贞观三年(629年)，当松赞干布届满13岁的时候，统一的吐蕃王朝遭到沉重的打击，国王朗日松赞被人毒死。与此同时，父王诸臣和母后诸族一起举兵叛变，工布、达波、娘波等地尽为叛乱者所据。不仅如此，西部的羊同部落乘势入侵．雅鲁藏布江北的苏毗旧贵族也在积极地进行“复国”活动，他们纷纷向吐蕃进兵发难。松赞干布面对这种内困外扰的严重局势，毅然继承父位，挑起了吐蕃第32代赞普的重任。他沉着冷静，依靠新兴势力，征集了万余人，组成了一支精锐的队伍。经过3年征战．平定了内部叛乱．稳定了局势，再次恢复了吐蕃的统一。
贞观六年(632年)，松赞干布率部众渡过雅鲁藏布江，把都城由泽当迁到逻些(今拉萨)。这样，既可以摆脱世代盘踞当地的某些心怀叵测的吐蕃贵族的羁绊和对生命的威胁；又可以把政治中心和军事中心归一．便于军队的指挥和控制，这对于发展专制王权和巩固奴隶制度显然是有重大意义的。另外，从地理位置和自然条件相比较，拉萨也是建基立业的好地方。那里气候宜人，景色幽美，物产丰富．中心地势平坦开阔，四周群山环抱。远处山岭峡谷险要，进可攻，退可守。从以后的历史证明．把拉萨作为吐蕃王朝的首府是正确的选择。
吐蕃迁都以后，松赞干布制定丁一系列兼并周边诸羌的战略方针，旨在统一高原。他首先把进攻目标放在苏毗、羊同两个王国。苏毗，本西羌族，户2万，地处吐蕃北部．散居在青海玉树等处，区域辽阔，农牧兼营，盛产良马。松赞干布父亲死后。吐蕃旧臣叛离，苏毗、羊同等也公开叛变，趁机进攻吐蕃。松赞干布乃启用名将尚囊，采用“种羊领群之法，以舌剑唇枪服之。”羊同，又称羌塘，位吐蕃西部，“东西千里，胜兵八九万，辫发毡裘，畜牧为业，”且盛产与吐蕾民众生活息息相关的食盐。故松赞干布亲领兵丁反复征讨，终于灭其部众。松赞干布灭掉这两个王国后，不仅消除了来自西、北部方向的威胁，而且有利于吐蕃兵员、军粮和马匹的补充，使之得到了一支战斗力很强的军队，为吐蕃王国的发展强大提供了物质保障。
随后，松赞干布又着手经略东方，将位于今天青海东南部和川西北地区的党项(古代羌人的一支)和位于今甘肃、青海等地的吐谷浑(古代鲜卑族的一支)征服，归于自己的统治之下。至此“东与凉、松、茂、巍等州相接，南至婆罗门(印度)，地方万余里”的一个强大的吐蕃奴隶制政权巍然屹立在青藏高原。
平定内乱、征服诸羌、重新统一吐蕃王朝之后。富于政治远见的松赞于布一面积极主动地派遣使者赴邻国泥婆国(今尼泊尔)请与吐蕃通聘，互相进行贸易，推销手工艺晶并聘请工匠及艺人传授建筑、绘画、雕刻技艺，并迎娶了泥婆罗国王鸯输伐摩之女尺尊公主；一方面与唐王朝取得联系。缔结和发展了藏汉两族的亲密友好情谊。当时，中原地区的唐朝在我国历史上杰出的地主阶级政治家和军事家李世民的统治下，总结了历史的经验和教训，实行了一系列有利于国计民生的政策，促使社会经济、文化高度发展，国力强盛，声威远振，出现了“贞观之治”的盛世．松赞干布对于盛唐有着深远的仰慕之情，贞观八年(634年)，他派出使者赴长安与唐朝通聘问好。唐太宗对吐蕃的首次通使也很重视，当即派使臣冯德遐持书信前往致意还礼。松赞干布“见德遐，大悦。闻突殿与吐谷浑皆尚公主，乃遣使随德遐入朝，多赍金宝，奉表求婚”。可是，当时唐太宗没有同意，松赞干布几次派人向唐朝请婚也未能如愿，便决定用武力通婚，于贞观十二年(638年)爆发了蕃唐首次战争。然而战争终归不能解决问题。贞观十四年(640年)，松赞干布又派大相噶尔·东赞备厚礼——黄金五于两及宝物珍玩数百件，到长安再次向唐太宗请婚。翌年，太宗允以宗室女文成公主许嫁松赞干布。揭开了藏，汉两族人民友好的新篇章。
贞观十五年(公元641年)，松赞干布25岁，唐朝派江夏王、礼部尚书李道宗护送16岁的文成公主入吐蕃。松赞干布亲率禁卫军劲旅从吐蕃远道出迎。文成公主一行往西由倒淌河、日月山等地到达黄河河源附近的柏海(扎陵海)，与松赞干布迎亲的队伍相会。松赞干布高兴地穿起唐朝所赠的附马吉服，向唐太宗的亲族兄弟江夏王李道宗行子婿之礼，说道：“我祖父未有通婚上国者，今我得以尚大唐公主，为幸实多，……”。他陪同文成公主和李道宗一起游览了河源景色风光。在送别李道宗等唐使返程之后，松赞干布即护送文成公主进藏。沿途，吐蕃人民都以热烈真挚的感情欢迎文成公主。凡公主经过的地方，都流传着许多充满民族友爱的故事。
文成公主历经千山万水到达逻些后，吐蕃人民欣喜若狂，穿着节日的盛装，载歌载舞，热烈地迎接这位象征汉藏民族深切、亲密情谊的赞磨(王后)。为了让文成公主的生活如同在长安一样舒适、愉快，让后人不忘这一历史事件，松赞干布在首府逻些，按照唐朝的建筑式样和风格，于玛布日山(今布达拉山)专为文成公主修建了城池和宫室。
文成公主知书识礼，博学多才，笃信佛教，她作为汉藏民族团结友好的先驱，将中原文化传播入藏，对于增进汉藏民族的亲密团结，促进中原和吐蕃地区经济文化的交流和发展，在历史上产生了巨大而深远的影响。据西藏民歌流传，文成公主进藏时，曾带去谷物 3800类，牲畜5500种，工匠5500人。尽管这些数字无疑有夸大、言过之词，但是存在着不可否认的基本事实：随着文成公主的入藏，内地牛原地区诸如农具制造、纺织、缫丝、建筑、造纸、酿酒、制陶、碾磨、冶金等生产技术和历算、医药等科学知识，皆陆续传到了吐蕃。使当地人民的衣、食、住等方面发生了变化。如吐蕃人原来“以毡帐而居”，穿毡裘衣，此后不少人“释毡裘，袭纨绮，渐慕华风”了。“自从贵主和亲后，一半胡风似汉家”，唐代诗人陈陶的这几句诗，正是对蕃唐和亲后，公主入藏对吐蕃社会文化、经济发展的作用的赞颂和真实写照。同样，吐蕃派遣青年到唐朝读书，吐蕃妇女流行的椎髻、赭面，以及吐蕃社会传统的马球游艺等，也传到了中原地区，为藏汉民族间的文化交流，增添了更加丰富多彩的内容。
松赞干布在重新统一吐蕃王朝之后，为了进一步加强与巩固政权，使之更加繁荣、昌盛、强大，于是他利用与唐联姻这一有利条件，尽最大的努力，建立集中的统治机构，制定严密的制度，积极果断地对吐蕃的政治、军事、经济、文化等方面进行了一系列的重大改革。
政治制度方面：长期以来因氏族制的残余，传统习惯以及部落间的界限等因素，吐蕃王朝虽称统一，而实际上并未建立起政令统一的强大集中的王权，这种政体极不利于吐蕃社会的发展。同时，有鉴于以前父王被害和大贵族的分裂叛乱也是因为没有有效地控制地方贵族势力，松赞干布遂依照唐朝的官制，从中央到地方建置了一套严密的统治机构，进一步加强和集中了王权。
吐蕃从第17世赞普起，设立了大相，作为赞普的辅臣。松赞干布起，将中央高级官吏分为两类：第一类为大相，称为大论；又设副相1人，称为小论；另设兵马都元帅正副各1人，执掌兵权。第二类为宰相僚属，其中有内大相1人，掌管国内事务，整事大相1 人，管司法诉讼；另有外交、财政等官。“诸官之中，大相最尊”“事无大小，必出于宰相，便宜从事”，而居万人之上，一人之下。松赞干布能知人善任，协助他管理行政事务的最著名的四贤臣有吞弥·桑布扎、禄东赞(即噶尔·东赞)、支·赛当汝恭顿和娘·赤桑扬顿，他们为吐蕃王朝建政初期立下了功勋。
松赞干布制定了“十善法律”，共计20条。如孝敬父母，敦睦亲族，敬事长上，帮助邻里，报答慈仁，尊敬高德，以圣哲为模范，酬德报恩，斗秤公平，不用伪度量衡，与众和谐，说话温雅，酒食知量，心性忠直，虔信佛、法、僧三宝等；有的是保护私有制财产和维护贵族阶级利益的条文，如追回偷盗者赃物并补罚8倍赔偿，及时还债，不得抨击种姓高贵者，应受其教诲。除之还有杀人者偿命，斗争者罚金，奸淫者断肢、并流放异地，诳语者割舌等等。总之，它反映了统治者以佛教的戒律为准绳，为人们规定了行为规范标准，对社会秩序和国家的安定，对生产的发展具有重要意义。
为严格等级制度并区别官阶之高低，松赞干布还仿效唐朝典章，规定了官阶品位制度，即向各级官员颁发了不同质料制成的章饰(又叫“告身”)，凡分六等：第一等是瑟瑟(翡翠)，二等是金，三等是银镀金，四等是银，五等为熟铜，末等为铁。臂章钉在方圆三寸的粗毛布上，悬于臂前，以别贵贱。王朝还建立了奖惩升迁制度，凡官吏建立功勋者可获奖赏提升，失职犯罪者定受惩罚，或撤职或判刑不等。
军事制度方面：松赞干布洞悉贵族、领主及部落酋长拥兵自重是导致分裂、有碍统一的病根，也是父亲朗日松赞统而复裂的血的教训。于是他按照唐朝府兵制度，并结合了吐蕃地区的特点，建立了一套严密的军事制度。据藏文史籍《五部遗教》、《贤者喜宴》等记载，松赞干布将吐蕃分为千个“茹”(藏语“部”的意思，它是吐蕃的大军事区和行政区)，即“卫茹”(即中茹)辖以逻些为中心的雅鲁藏布江北之地；“约茹” (左茹)辖以雅砻河谷为中心的江南之地；“叶茹”(右茹)辖雅鲁藏布江上游南北之地；“藏茹”(后茹)辖雅鲁藏布江中游南北之地。每茹又分上下两个分茹，共8个分茹，其中除“卫茹”只设7个千户府和1个下千户府外，其余3个茹各设8个千户府和1个下千户府，合计共有31个千户府和4个下千户府。每个分茹设大将1人，副将1人，判官1人统管。每个千户府有兵约1万人上下，由百户长、千户长、万户长统帅。这些官员既是军队的统帅，又是地方行政的最高长官，同时也是大小领主。故千户府可谓军政合一的组织。各分茹的马匹和旗帜以不同的颜色相区别，目的是一目了然该支茹的武装，以便调遣。另外，茹的编制设有元帅和副元帅，但不常置，征伐时由吐蕃王朝临时委派，位与王朝宰相平列，直接听命于赞普。改编后的千茹兵力总计402400人，这与《新唐书·吐蕃传》中吐蕃“胜兵数十万”的记载相吻合。
各茹的元帅、副元帅以及掌握兵权的万户长、千户长等大将，松赞干布规定这些官员都必须经由王国政府任命，根据其功过实行奖惩。所有士兵都按名登记造册，由政府掌管，不得更改扩充；吐蕃王国所有军队调动必须以赞普下发的金箭为凭。军队出兵征战时，又另派监军对元帅、万户长、千户长等进行监督。此外，松赞干布又从每茹抽调l千户为禁军，守卫赞普牙帐。这支禁军由赞普亲自掌握，足以对付地方军队的势力。有这些严密的军事制度保证，他就能够有效地控制和指挥军队。松赞干布还建立了戍边制度，每年必亲自率兵巡边一次。军事上的强盛，巩固了吐蕃的统一和安定，也引起了经济和文化上的日益繁荣。经济制度方面：吐蕃的经济以畜牧业为主。为有利于生产，繁荣经济，松赞干布从唐朝的均田制中得到启发，他结合当地的社会实际，施行了一种比较特殊的均田制。根据自由民在吐蕃社会所处的重要地位，他下令，首先把王田和一部分国家财物(如牲畜)分给了贫苦的自由民，“开拓荒地，划分良田牧场”，因地制宜地发展农业与畜牧业，并制定了“绿册”，登记平民的户口和耕地面积，随土地而固定赋税。这种制度的推行，使贵族与平民之间的矛盾暂时有所缓和，有利于调动平民的生产积极性，有利于社会经济的发展。土地分配之法还曾推行于奴隶中，耕种王田的每户奴隶可按劳动力的多少分配一份土地，也立有专门的户籍册，并规定了所使用的土地及担负的租赋与劳役。经过多年的休养生息与社会安定，吐蕃的经济逐渐繁荣起来。畜牧业上，饲养的牲畜以牦牛、马、羊为主，亦杂有猪、狗等家畜。春、夏季逐水草而居，秋、冬季节有固定的草场。“牛羊蕃息，蹊径皆满，”吐蕃王朝征收的“牛腿税”从侧面也反映了牧业发达的程度；农业上，此时已有了较高的生产水平，培育和引进了新品种，农作物以青稞、小麦、荞麦、豆类为主。在耕作技术上，一般采用“二牛抬扛”式的犁耕，农田相连，人民以“高地蓄水为池，低地于河中引水灌溉……开辟阡陌”并“广开田亩，兴修水利，沟渠纵横。”这些比以前都大大地进步了；商业、手工业得到了发展，淬火和磨砺技术的掌握，冶金业水平的提高，为干戈风云、驰骋疆场的千军万马提供了足够的铠甲刀箭等。吐蕃商队的足迹，踏遍了中亚细亚各国，创造了高原上前所未有的奇迹。
文化方面：松赞干布在这一方面的建树，最为人称颂的是创制文字，派吐蕃子弟求学长安和崇奉佛教等项。从前，吐蕃没有文字，“其吏治……结绳齿木为约。”根据吐蕃对外关系、生产发展及治理朝政的迫切需要，公元7世纪初，松赞干布派出以吞弥·桑布扎为首的16名贵族子弟到天竺(印度)等地留学，研究梵文和西域各国文字，经过反复的比较，采取笔划简单明确、易于书写的不同形体，创制了有30个字母的藏文拼音文字(都是辅音)，又利用辅音重叠或在辅音上添加一定的符号构成复辅音。另外又设计了4个元音符号，加在字母的上下，用来拼写藏语。藏文创制后，松赞干布不但身体力行，自己专心学习了4年，而且他号召大臣们学习藏文，特别规定青年贵族子弟必须学习，学业好的还要给以奖励。他又命吞弥·桑布扎撰写了《文法根本三十颂》，以韵文歌诀说明主要的文法规则，包括8种“格”和虚字的使用法，作为学习藏文的教科书(尽管有人对吞弥·桑布扎一人创制藏文之说持有异议，或者说是众多无名英雄的集体劳动成果，但藏文的创制的确是在松赞干布任吐蕃赞普时完成的，这一点一直为众所公认)。由此，吐蕃的民族文化得到迅速的发展和广泛的传播。
松赞干布在位时，选派了一批精通藏文的贵族子弟到唐都长安，入太学学习诗书，让他们大量地接受唐朝先进的封建文化。这些人聪慧不凡，许多人取得了优异的成绩。如唐高宗时的吐蕃使臣仲琮精通藏汉两种文字，辩才无碍，曾为唐人所称道。又如唐中宗时赴唐迎娶金城公主的吐蕃使臣明悉猎与汉族文人对诗，由于其“玉醴由来献寿觞”极为得体，被传为佳话。
吐蕃人原来信奉苯教，以占卜休咎、祈福禳灾、治病送死、“役使鬼神”等为其主要活动。传说吐蕃先王以苯教治国，直到7世纪时，苯教首领在赞普朝廷中还保持着较高的地位，如大小盟会时告神的巫者即是。松赞干布时先后迎娶尺尊、文成二公主为妃，泥婆罗是著名的佛教国家，唐朝的佛教也极兴盛，两位公主都信仰佛教，她们先后带来了佛像、佛经、法物等到吐蕃。据载，吞弥·桑布扎回国时也带来了几部佛教经典，以后译成藏文，自此佛教开始传入了吐蕃。在公主们的影响下，松赞干布也接受了佛教。尺尊公主、文成公主分别在吐蕃建立了大昭、小昭二寺，松赞干布则建立了 12座佛教寺庙。不过当时吐蕃人绝大部分是信奉苯教的，即所谓“好咒誓、谄鬼神”，还没有多少人出家当和尚。直到赤德祖赞赞普时代(704～755年)，佛教才逐渐在吐蕃境内传播开来。
松赞干布对周边各国，采取了睦邻友好的政策。他在位期间，把坚持发展与唐的亲密关系，作为缔造强大繁荣昌盛的吐蕃王朝的基本国策，使吐蕃和唐朝的关系极为和睦，双方之间互敬互助，加强了彼此的友好情谊。尽管后来双方的统治者屡次失和，但两族的传统友谊却一直继续下来，双边使节往来与年俱增，络绎不绝，并在往返的信件中经常提到相互“虽云两国，实若一家”“舅甥修其旧好，同为一家。”据粗略统计，自贞观八年(634年)至会昌六年 (846年)的212年内，双方遣使来往达到200余次之多，平均近1年就有1次。为了便利交通，吐蕃境内进一步完善了驿站制度，“百里一驿”，驿有“量顿官”，对唐使“接待殷勤，供应丰厚。”
贞观十八年(644年)，唐太宗远征辽东无功而还，心情很不好。松赞干布立即派禄东赞入长安上奉表文，申言自己是唐太宗的子婿，并献用黄金铸成的“金鹅”一只，“高七尺，中可实酒三斛”，作为吐蕃对唐友好的表示。
贞观二十二年(648年)，唐朝使臣王玄策应差赴西域途中在中天竺被劫，大部分随从被杀，所携财物被抢一空，王玄策只身逃往吐蕃，请求讨贼。松赞干布闻讯立即派出精兵干余人，又请泥婆罗出骑兵7干多人协助，由王玄策指挥，击败了中天竺劫贼，虏其王执献长安，再次体现了蕃唐间的互助友好关系。
贞观二十三年(649年)，唐太宗李世民去世后，太子李治继位，他授于松赞干布“附马都尉”之职，封爵“西海郡王”。松赞干布对唐朝新君继位当即上表效忠朝廷，致书唐朝宰相长孙无忌表示：如果在朝廷内部或外部有人想借太宗新丧和高宗新立之际而发动叛乱，他将亲自点兵赴难，共同讨伐叛贼。并献金银珠宝15种，请置太宗灵前。唐高宗李治对松赞干布的忠心大为欣赏，特加封他为“贾王”，下令雕刻松赞干布的石像，与其他业绩昭著的王公将相的石像一道列于唐太宗墓陵旁边，以示对他的最高奖赏。
永徽元年(650 年)，松赞干布在34岁的盛年时去世于逻些。高宗十分伤感，派将军鲜于匡济前往吊祭。松赞干布的一生，稳定内部，巩固王权，结束长期分散的局面，统一吐蕃王朝，建立了强盛的奴隶政权；推行睦邻友好政策，积极与唐皇室联姻，推进藏汉之间亲密关系的发展，为藏族社会的进步和藏民族的发展壮大，为中华民族的统一和祖国内地与吐蕃的政治、经济、文化的交流，做出了巨大的宝贵的贡献。
当时的臣民这样称赞文治武功的松赞干布：
上有首领如弃苏农赞(即松赞干布——作者注)之深沉，下有大臣如东赞(即禄东赞)之贤明，为首领者替天行道，为大臣者泽被大地，权位威严，治理有方，外蕃咸服，内政修明，黔首黎民，尊卑有次，征敛有则，居处受益，春秋有序，心愿有偿，强横则囚，顽抗是惩，凌犯者抑，善良者彰，贤明称赞，勇武蒙恩，为官称职，为民淳朴，普皆利乐。吐蕃昔无文字，松赞干布此时始命制定；建立法律官服，权别大小，职分高低，奖励忠贞，惩处悖逆。
评价
松赞干布的一生，功绩卓著。他统一了青藏高原，建立了强大的奴隶制政权，促进了吐蕃政治、经济、文化的全面发展，将藏族人民引入了团结、繁荣、富强的时代；沟通了与内地唐朝的友好关系，推动了汉藏民族文化的交流与发展。为后来西藏正式纳入祖国版图和统一多民族国家的建立，奠定了坚实的基础，做出了巨大贡献。
藏族吐蕃王国的创建者。穷哇达则（今西藏山南地区琼结）人。据敦煌所出藏文写卷吐蕃大事系年，松赞干布卒于649年（汉籍作唐高宗永徽元年，650），在赞普位20余年。629年，松赞干布继位为赞普 ，迁都逻些（今西藏拉萨），削平内乱，降服苏毗、羊同等部，统一青藏高原，在大臣禄东赞协助下正式建立奴隶主统治的吐蕃王国。他发展农牧业生产，推广灌溉 ，命人制定文字 ，颁行治理吐蕃之“ 大法令”，以处理赞普王室与世家贵族、诸小邦及社会各阶层的关系，创设行政制度和军事制度，设置官职品阶，颁布律令，统一度量衡和课税制度，从中原及泥婆罗（今尼泊尔）、天竺等地引进文化、技术，使吐蕃社会有了迅速发展。他先娶泥婆罗王女尺尊公主 。641年 ，松赞干布至柏海（今青海扎陵湖鄂陵湖）迎娶唐宗室女文成公主，结成和亲关系。唐封他为驸马都尉、西海郡王。松赞干布又遣贵族子弟至长安入国学，学习诗书，请中原文士掌管其表疏。后又请蚕种及造酒、碾硙、纸墨工匠，促进了汉藏文化的交流。
松赞干布是西藏历史上最重要、最广为人知的藏王。他在西藏高原实现了统一，正式建立吐蕃王朝。松赞干布为巩固统一，曾采取了一系列有效措施：迁都拉萨并建造布达拉宫；把西藏划为六大行政区域；推广佛教；创制文字；与唐王朝和尼泊尔联姻，迎娶文成公主和尺尊公主，并建成大昭寺、小昭寺；统一席量衡制度；鼓励众民开垦荒地；保护水利资源；开山修路以促进贸易，等等。这些对发展吐蕃的经济、文化、佛教、医药等起了很大的促进作用。藏族历来十分敬重松赞干布，他不仅被视为观音的化身，而且是有口皆碑的三大法王之一，另两位法王是赤松德赞和赤祖德赞 .
子女及亲属
据说，他和文成公主没有后代。
但是和别的妃子有一子。松赞干布跟芒萨赤增妃（也称卓赤玛张让）生一子，称为贡松贡赞。
另据野史记载,松赞干布小时候有一长兄达赞干布，出生不满一年即因病夭折，因忌讳此事当地人均忌口不谈，后文献亦均无记载，故无从考证。
继承人
松赞干布的独子贡日贡赞逝于父亲之前。所以松赞干布殁后由贡日贡赞之子芒松芒赞继任赞普。
书画记载
《步辇图》是唐代画家阎立本的作品，内容反映的是吐蕃(西藏)王松赞干布迎娶文成公主人藏的事。它是汉藏兄弟民族友好情谊的历史见证。公元640年，即唐贞观十四年，吐蕃王派大相(相当于宰相)禄东赞向大唐求亲，第二年到达长安。由于当时大唐帝国国泰民安，各民族友好相处，因此，当时竟有五个兄弟民族的首领向大唐求亲，太宗很是为难。最后，想出一个平等竞争的办法：请五位大使参加考试，谁考胜了，就把公主嫁给谁家的首领。当时出了五道难题，吐蕃使臣禄东赞过关斩将，一路领先，最终取得了胜利。太宗非常高兴，心想：松赞干布的使臣这样机智、聪明，松赞干布自己更不用说了。于是，决定将文成公主嫁予吐蕃王松赞干布。文成公主出嫁的消息传到吐蕃以后，吐蕃人在很多地方都准备了马匹、牦牛、食物和饮水，决定隆重迎接；松赞干布亲率欢迎队伍由拉萨出发直奔青海迎接。松赞干布高兴地说：“我今天能娶上国大唐公主，实在荣幸。我要为公主建造一座城，作为纪念，让子孙万代都要与上国大唐永远亲和。”他按照唐朝的建筑风格，在拉萨修建了城郭和宫室，这就是现在的大昭寺。
从绘画艺术角度看，作者的表现技巧已相当纯熟。衣纹器物的勾勒墨线圆转流畅中时带坚韧，畅而不滑，顿而不滞；主要人物的神情举止栩栩如生，写照之间更能曲传神韵；图像局部配以晕染，如人物所著靴筒的折皱等处，显得极具立体感；全卷设色浓重淳净，大面积红绿色块交错安排，富于韵律感和鲜明的视觉效果。此图一说为宋摹本，但摹绘较精，仍不失原作之真。幅上有宋初章友直小篆书有关故事，还录有唐李道志、李德裕“重装背”时题记两行。
Tang Zhen Guan 20 years (649), was Gaozong Songtsan labeled Fuma Du Wei, the West Sea Dukes, and later into the labeled Cong Wang. And Juan, as in the stone, out in the Taizong Zhaoling. Yonghui first year (650), Songtsan died. Tang Sending Envoys express their condolences.
[Songtsan]
Zambia is the Tubo Dynasty 31 on behalf of the ZAP. (ZAP: the Tibetan people, the monarch addressed a long, vigorous man in Tibetan means. According to "New Book of Tang Tubo" set: "the vulgar praise, saying that the strong male, the husband said, S & P, so Chun Cheung said, No. Tsenpo. ") Songtsan is added after the man he's appellation. (Songtsan: Tang Dynasty Chinese historical case for abandoning get praise, praise get device number, device get praise song, praise and other farmers abandoned the Soviet Union (also Eph Night's, do not get praise Front called), are transliterated, Tibetan Chi Chung Chan praised the general, Songde praise. Tsenpo, which means the king; chee, meaning "public opinion" "the throne"; loose praise is the name, dry cloth is the appellation, meaning "deep and hard." ) when he was 3 years old when his father shuaibing exterminate Soviet border tribes, the unification of the Tibetan plateau, Shannan place by a head of the small states became Turbans monarchy. In such a family, Long Day song praise on the only son of great concern for the training and education to be a good Songtsan childhood family education and rigorous training, become proficient in riding and shooting, wrestling, fencing and martial arts outstanding also love folk songs, poetry and the Wenwuquancai good prince.
Then they proceed through a little Songtsan East, will be located on the southeast and northwest Sichuan Qinghai party item (the ancient Qiang 1), and in this Gansu and Qinghai Tuyuhun (ancient Xianbeis 1) conquest, to the self-governing. At this point, "East and cool, loose, Mao, Wei and other states phase, south Brahmin (India), where thousand years" of slavery as a great power stands firmly in the Tibetan Plateau.
Put down civil strife, conquered Zhu Qiang, after the reunification of the Tubo Kingdom. Political vision rich praise on the fabric side of the pine actively sending envoys to go to neighboring countries mud woman (now Nepal), please engage with Tibet through mutual trade, selling arts and crafts crystal and employ craftsmen and artistes to teach architecture, painting, sculpture art , and married the king mandarin duck mud Borneo lose respect for cutting-foot Mount daughter Princess; on the one hand contact with the Tang dynasty. The conclusion of the development of the Tibetan and Han nationality and close friendship. At that time, the Central Plains of the Tang Dynasty in Chinese history, outstanding statesman and military strategist landlords under the rule of Li Shimin, summed up the historical experience and lessons learned, implemented a series of policies conducive to the national economy and promote the socio-economic, cultural, highly developed , national prosperity, sound Weiyuan vibration, a "Golden Years" of Golden Age. Tang Songtsan profound admiration for the sentiment, Zhen Guan eight years (634 years), he sent envoys to go to Chang and Tang recruited through say hello. The first pass on the Tibetan Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to, immediately sent letters to the envoys Wundt held to pay tribute requital ya. Songtsan "See de-ya, big Yue. Tuyuhun are heard and suddenly the house is still Princess, Naiqian to ya for Korea along with Germany, many turn to Campbell, Feng Biao marry him." However, when Emperor Taizong did not agree, please Songtsan several sent to the Tang Dynasty, marriage is also unable to do so, they decided to marry by force, in the Golden Years of twelve (638) Fan Tang for the first time the war broke out. But after all the war can not solve the problem. Zhenguan 14 years (640 years), Songtsan also sent a large gift with Gar East Zambia equipment - five gold and precious curios in the two hundreds, to once again to the Tang Chang'an Please marriage. The following year, Taizong allowed to Royalty of Princess Wen Cheng Hsu married female Songtsan. Opened a Tibetan and Han peoples a new chapter of friendship.
Princess Wen Cheng logic after thousands of miles to reach some, the Tibetan people ecstatic, wearing festive costumes, dancing and singing, warmly welcome the symbol of Tibetan ethnic deep, intimate feelings of praise grinding (queen). In order to Princess Wen Cheng of life as comfortable as in Chang-an, enjoyable, and help us forget this historical event, Songtsan some logic in the capital, according to the architectural style and the style of the Tang Dynasty, in the Mabu Day Hill (now the cloth Dara Hill) Princess Wen Cheng for the construction of the city and palace.
Princess Wen Cheng and propriety-minded, learned, devout Buddhist, she was a pioneer of Tibetan unity and friendly, the Central Plains culture spread into Tibet in enhancing Sino-Tibetan ethnic groups together in unity to promote the central plains and the Tibetan regional economic and cultural exchanges and development of in history had a significant and far-reaching impact. According to folk songs popular in Tibet, Tibet Princess Wen Cheng when the class of 3800 had brought grain, livestock 5500 kinds, artisans 5,500. While these figures undoubtedly exaggerated, made over the words, but there is no denying the basic facts: With Princess Wen Cheng of Tibet, mainland areas such as the former cattle farm tools manufacturing, textile, silk reeling, construction, paper, wine, ceramics, milling, and metallurgical production technology and calendar, medicine, scientific knowledge, are gradually spread to Tibet. The local people, clothing, food, shelter and so on have changed. Such as the Tibetan people that the "door of felt off," wear clothes felt Qiu, since many people "felt release Qiu, Chi Wan in the passage, the wind gradually Muhua" the. "Since the owners of your relatives, like half of a Han Feng," Chen Tao of the Tang Dynasty poet, several lines express precisely the pro-Fan Tang and after the princess to Tibet on the Tibetan social, cultural, economic development, the role of praise and true portrayal. Similarly, the Tibetan school to send young people to the Tang Dynasty, Tibetan women in popular Chuiji, reddish brown surface, and the traditional Tibetan society polo recreation, have also spread to the Central Plains, the cultural exchanges between the Tibetan and Chinese peoples, adding a more colorful content.
Political system: the long-standing remnants of the clan system, traditional practices and the boundaries between tribal and other factors, though, said the Tubo Kingdom unified, but not actually to establish a strong centralized government decrees and royal uniform, which is extremely unfavorable to the Tibetan form of government social development. Meanwhile, in view of his father before killing and separatist rebels is great lord because there is no effective control of local nobles, then Songtsan Bureaucracy in accordance with the Tang Dynasty, from central to local build a strict rule of institutions, further strengthen and focus the power of the king.
As a strict hierarchy and the difference between the high and low rank, Songtsan also follow Tang Zhaodian chapter provides a rank taste system at all levels of officials immediately issued a chapter made of different material decoration (also known as the "Message Body"), where divided into six other: the first and so is the whistle (Jade), second is gold, silver plated Third and fourth is silver, five bronze as its cooked, such as iron end. Armband radius of three-inch nail in the coarse cloth, hangs in the arm prior to the other are equal. Dynasty also established incentive promotion system, where the officials who receive a meritorious award to upgrade, negligence, the offender will be punished, or dismissed or sentence range.
Military systems: insight Songtsan nobility, lords and tribal chiefs soldier dead weight is divisive, hinder the root cause of reunification, but also praised his father Song Long Day's blood system split the lessons undone. So he followed the Tang Fu Bing system, and combines the characteristics of the Tibetan region, the establishment of a strict military regime. According to Tibetan historical records, "five teachings", "Sage The Wedding Banquet" and other records, divided into 1000 Songtsan the Tibetan "Ru" (Tibetan, "Department" means, it is a big military area and the Tibetan Administrative Region ), that is, "Wei Ru" (that is, Ru) jurisdiction to patrol the center of the Brahmaputra some land north; "about Ru" (left Ru) jurisdiction to Yarlung River Valley as the center of the southern land; "Ye Ru" (right Ru) jurisdiction over the Brahmaputra River to the North and South; "possession of Ru" (after RU) jurisdiction over the land of the Brahmaputra River north and south. Each was divided into upper and lower sub-Ru Ru, a total of eight points Ru, among "Wei Ru" They only 7 1000 under the 1000 Government and Fu Wai 1, 3 RU each for the remaining 8 1000 House and a government under the 1000, 1000 combined total of 31 government and four under the 1000 House. General design of each sub-Ru 1, 1 lieutenant, judge a person unified management. Each 1000 government has about 1 million soldiers up and down, from 100 long, 1 000 long, 10000 long command. These officials is the military commander, is the highest Executive, local administration, but also the size of lords. Therefore, 1000 can be described as between the military and government organizations. Sub-Ru horses and flags in different colors to distinguish the purpose of a glance of the armed branch Ru for assignment. In addition, the establishment and Ru Marshal and Deputy Marshal, but seldom home, conquest when the temporary appointment by the Tubo Dynasty, dynasty prime minister position and tied for direct orders from ZAP. Ru troops after the 1000 adaptation of a total of 402,400 people, which is "New Tang Tubo" in Tibet, "hundreds of thousands of soldiers win," the records match.
The Ru Marshal, Deputy Marshal, and control the military power of the 10 000 long, long 1000 general, Songtsan stipulate that these officials must be appointed by the Government of the Kingdom, the implementation of incentive based on its merits and demerits. All the soldiers will all be registered to keep a record, the government control, not change the extension; Tubo Kingdom to mobilize all forces to be issued under the Golden Arrow to ZAP as proof. When the military campaign to send troops, but also on the supervisory army alternates Marshal, 10000 Long, 1000 long monitored. In addition, and from Songtsan l 1000 each for the imperial guards deployed Ru, dental guards Tsenpo account. Zhezhi imperial guards himself from the ZAP control, adequate to deal with local military forces. These strict military regime to ensure that he will be able to effectively command and control the military. Songtsan also established the border areas and systems, each one must personally shuaibing Inspected. Strong military to consolidate the unity and stability of Tibet, also raised the growing economic and cultural prosperity. Economic system: Tibet's economy is the main livestock. In order to facilitate the production, economic prosperity, from the Tang Dynasty Surroundings Songtsan be inspired by his combination of local social practice, the implementation of the Land System of a rather special. According to Freeman in the important role of the Tibetan society, he ordered the first part of the king's fields and state property (such as cattle) points to the poor of the freedmen, "to open up wasteland, division of fertile pastures," according to local conditions to develop agriculture and animal husbandry industry, and developed a "green book", the registration of civilians account and cultivated area, with a fixed land tax. The implementation of this system, so that the conflict between the aristocracy temporarily eased, arousing the enthusiasm of civilian production, is conducive to social and economic development. Land allocation method had also implemented in the slave in the household farming Wang Tian number of slave labor can be allocated a land, also established a dedicated civil registry, and provides for the use of the land and assume the lease gives labor . After years of respite and social stability, Tibet's economy grew. Of animal husbandry, raising of livestock to yaks, horses, sheep, mainly, but also mixed with pigs, dogs and other animals. Spring, summer, nomadic, autumn and winter pastures are fixed. Cattle and Sheep "Fan interest, on paths which are full," Tubo Dynasty imposed "tax bracket" from the side also reflects the extent of livestock development; agriculture, now has a higher production levels, training and the introduction of a new varieties of crops with barley, wheat, buckwheat, bean-based. In farming technology, generally, "two cow Taikang" type plow, farm connected to the people of "high water for the pool, lowland irrigation in the river ... ... open Crossroad" and "wide open dispensed land, building irrigation works, canals Review. "These are considerably higher than previously progressed; commerce, handicrafts have been developed, quenching and tempering techniques to master, raising the level of metallurgical industry, for the arms situation, across battlefields of a mighty force to provide sufficient armor Daojian and so on. Tibetan caravan trail, trod the Central Asia countries, creating a plateau on the unprecedented miracle.
Culture: Songtsan achievements in this respect, the most lauded is to create text, to send children to study Tibetan Buddhism in Chang'an and other items of worship. In the past, Tibet is not text, "The Official ... ... knot rope around wooden teeth." According to Tibetan foreign relations, production development and management of court politics of the urgent need for the 7th century, Songtsan sent to swallow MI Sam BHO TA 16 children of the nobility led to Tianzhu (India) and other places to study, studied Sanskrit and Western States the text, after repeated comparison, take strokes simple and clear, easy to write different form, created the 30 letters of the Tibetan phonetic ( are consonant), then used consonant or consonant overlap add some symbols constitute complex consonants. Also has designed four vowel symbols, plus up and down in the letters used to spell the Tibetan language. Tibetan created, the Songtsan not only personally, their focus on learning for 4 years, and he called on ministers to learn Tibetan language, special provisions for young children of the nobility to learn, but also give good academic awards. He also ordered to swallow MI Sam BHO TA wrote "not 30 Chung grammar" to verse verses explain the major grammar rules, including eight kinds of "grid" and the use of the virtual characters, as learning the Tibetan language textbooks (although some people Thu MI Sam BHO TA said one of the dissenting Tibetan created, or is the collective work of many unsung heroes of the results, but is in fact created Tibetan Tubo Tsenpo any Songtsan to complete, and this point has been is generally acknowledged). As a result, Tibet's culture rapid development and wide dissemination.
Tibetan Bon Religion was originally believed to divination Xiujiu, pray limitless disaster medical treatment die, "servitude spirits" and its main activities. Tibetan kings to Bon country legend, until the 7th century, the Bon leader in Tsenpo court also maintained a higher status, such as the size of the League when the witch who told God that is. When the foot has to marry Songtsan respect, the Second Princess Wen Cheng Wei Fei, mud Borneo is famous for a Buddhist nation, a very prosperous Tang Dynasty, Buddhism, the two princesses are Buddhist, they have brought the Buddha, Buddhist, possessions until Tibet. It contained, when swallowed MI Sam BHO TA has also brought back several Buddhist scriptures, later translated into Tibetan Buddhism since the beginning introduced to Tibet. Under the influence of the princesses, Songtsan have accepted Buddhism. Foot respecting Princess, Princess Wen Cheng in Tibet were built large Zhao, UNIT Second Temple was built 12 Songtsan Buddhist temple. But then the vast majority of people believe in Tibetan Bon religion, that the so-called "good curse swear, cajole spirits," yet how many people leave home to become a monk. Chan Tsenpo times until the red tride (~ 755 704), Buddhism gradually spread inside the Tibet.
There are leaders such as abandoned agricultural Tsan Su (that Songtsan - On the note) of the deep, under the Secretary of State such as the East praise (that Gar) is wise, as the leader who for good, as the minister who bring benefit to the land power and prestige, well-governed, outside the salt Fan service, internal affairs remained so until, Qian Shou Lai Man, to paying a sub, there is expropriating, the Home Office to benefit the Spring and Autumn and orderly, wish paid, handed the prisoners, is punish recalcitrant, Ling offenders suppression, good men Akira, wise praise, chivalrous grace, official competent, honest people, Pu Jie Tetra. No former Tibetan text, life began to develop at this time Songtsan; a legal official uniform, do the right size, grade points level, reward loyalty and punish disobedience.
Founder of the Tibetan Tubo Kingdom. Wow poor up to the (now Tibet Shannan Qonggyai) people. According to Tibetan Manuscripts from Dunhuang Tibetan affairs department, the Songtsen Gampo died in 649 years (the first year of the Han nationality for Gaozong Yonghui, 650), the ZAP-bit 20 years. 629 years for the Tsenpo Songtsan succession, moved the capital to some logic (now Lhasa, Tibet), to level civil strife, surrendered Su border, sheep the same department, unified the Tibetan Plateau, the assistance of the minister Gar master the formal establishment of the rule of Tubo Kingdom. He developed agriculture and animal husbandry production, promotion of irrigation, ordered to develop writing, enactment of the governance of Tibetan "big law" to deal with ZAP royal and aristocratic family, various small states and the relationship between all levels of society, the creation of the administrative system and military system , set the official product order, promulgated decrees, uniform weights and measures and tax system, from the Central Plains and mud Borneo (now Nepal), Tianzhu, introducing culture, technology, so that with the rapid development of Tibetan society. He first married the king female foot mud respect Borneo Princess. 641, Songtsan to Central Park (now Qinghai Zhaling Eling) married Princess Wen Cheng of Tang imperial clan women, formed and pro-relationship. Du Wei Tang him the Fuma, the West Sea Dukes. Chang Songtsan Youqian children of the nobility into the Chinese culture to learn poetry and literature, please scribe in charge of the Central Plains sparse table. Then please silkworm and wine making, grinding mill, paper and ink artisans, promoting Tibetan cultural exchange.
He is said to Princess Wen Cheng is not future generations.
Heir
"Step Revealed map" is the artist Yan Liben of the works of the Tang Dynasty, the content reflects the Tubo (Tibet) Songtsan Gambo married Princess Wen Cheng Wang possession of things. It is the Tibetan ethnic fraternal friendship of historical testimony. 640 AD, the Tang Zhenguan 14 years, the Tubo king sent a large phase (equivalent to prime minister) Gar Qiu Qin to Tang, the second arrived in Changan. As the Tang Empire was peace and prosperity, nations friendly to each other, so much as five brothers at the head of the National Tang Qiu Qin, Taizong was very difficult. Finally, think of a way to fair competition: Please take the examination of five ambassadors, who won the test, took home the head of Princess Marry. At that time out of five problems, Tibetan envoys Gar battle through ranks, leading the way, the final victory. Taizong was very happy thought: The angel of Songtsan this witty, smart, not to mention his Songtsan. So, decided to marry Princess Wen Cheng to the Tibetan King Songtsan. Married Princess Wen Cheng after the news reached Tibet, Tibetan people are prepared in many parts of horses, yaks, food and water, determine a grand welcome; Songtsan personally led a welcoming party to greet the Qinghai Lhasa straight start. Songtsan and said: "Today I will marry on the State Grand Princess, is honored. I want to build a city for the princess, as a memorial for future generations and the country should always be pro and Datang." He followed Tang Dynasty architectural style castle was built in Lhasa and the palace, which is now the Jokhang Temple.