| 字： | 正伦 | |||||||||||
| 网笔号： | 光文肃武孝高皇帝 | |||||||||||
| 庙号： | 烈祖 | |||||||||||
| 籍贯： | 徐州 | |||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 永陵 | |||||||||||
阅读李昪 Li Bian在诗海的作品!!! | ||||||||||||
南唐烈祖李昪（888年—943年），字正伦，小字彭奴，徐州人，五代时期南唐建立者。
本为孤儿，为杨行密于争战中所掳，并以为养子，而杨行密诸子不能容，遂将其给予徐温（一说为徐温所掳，并以为养子），并改名徐知诰。
南吴时期，因功累升升州（今江苏南京）刺史、润州（今江苏镇江）团练史，徐知诰为政宽仁，又能节俭自处，奖励农桑，因此府库充实。当时，徐温居升州，并以徐温长子徐知训居南吴都城扬州（今江苏扬州）控制南吴政权，天佑十五年（918年）徐知训因骄傲荒淫为朱瑾所杀，徐知诰就近自润州渡长江平变，自是徐温乃以其代替徐知训留扬州，日常政事皆由徐知诰处断。
徐知诰在扬州，一反徐知训之作为，恭敬事奉吴王杨隆演，并且谦卑对待士大夫，对待部属宽大，生活十分俭仆，并以宋齐丘为谋士，改革税制，因此国家遂渐富强，人心归附。
南吴顺义七年（927年）徐温去世，徐知诰与徐温亲子徐知询争权，徐知诰趁徐知询入朝的机会，将其扣留，自此完全掌握南吴政权。天祚元年（935年），进封齐王。天祚三年（937年），改名徐诰。同年，篡夺南吴政权，即皇帝位，建立南唐，改年号升元。升元三年（939年），恢复原姓，并改名李昪。
李昪登帝位后，勤于政事，并兴利除弊，变更旧法；又与吴越和解，保境安民，与民休息。然而因服用方士丹药中毒，个性变得暴躁易怒。升元七年（943年）背上生疮，不久病情恶化去世，时年56岁，在位6年，谥光文肃武孝高皇帝，庙号烈祖，子李璟继位。
聪明忠厚的少年
李昪，徐州（今江苏徐州）人，字正伦，小名彭奴，其父亲本姓潘，名荣，是一个虔诚的佛教信徒。六岁时李昪的父亲就在战乱中去世了，他随母亲跟着伯父一起到了淮南。不久，母亲也不幸去世，成了孤儿的李昪只好到寺庙里勉强维生。后来杨行密派兵支援山东的王师范，攻打濠州（今安徽凤阳）时得到了他，见他聪明机灵，长得也很招人喜爱，于是就想将他收为养子，但亲生儿子们极力反对，杨行密无奈只好把他给了属将徐温，李昪就做了徐温的养子，改名为徐知诰。
杨行密去世后，徐温逐渐排除对手掌握了军政大权，拥立杨隆演建立了吴国，以后又主持为杨溥谋划称帝，因而成为吴国的第一大臣。他让自己的长子徐知训驻守扬州（今江苏扬州东北），自己则坐镇润州（今江苏镇江），隔江控制朝中大权。
徐知诰长大后，不但相貌出众，而且胆略过人，他为人厚道，待人诚恳，人缘也很好，威望高过徐温的其他儿子们。徐温的长子徐知训对他异常忌恨，好几次想加害于他，但都因为徐知诰人缘好而化险为夷。
勤勉爱民
徐温让徐知诰做楼船军使，率领水军驻守在金陵（今江苏南京），后随军出征立下战功，被升为升州（今南京）刺史。当时江淮一带刚刚平定，各地的官员都是一些武将出身的人，他们不知爱民，关心百姓疾苦，只知道横征暴敛，搜刮钱财。而徐知诰却与众不同，他一上任就改变了武将们的那种做法，勤于政事，做事力求节俭，他还广交儒生，实施宽仁政治，大大减轻了百姓们的负担。因而时间不长，徐知诰爱民的名声就传遍了吴国，威望也因此大升。
养父听到后，就亲自来查看，不禁暗自赞叹。徐知诰管辖的升州和过去大变了样，府库充实，城墙修得高大坚固，城内也治理得井井有条，一派太平盛事的景象。徐温看后非常高兴，于是就坐享了这个养子的功绩：他让徐知诰到他坐镇的润州去治理，自己则搬到了升州来了，同时又将升州升格为金陵府。
徐知诰开始不愿意去，向养父提出要去宣州（今安徽宣州），说了好几次，徐温都没有答应他，徐知诰因而整天闷闷不乐。他的谋士宋齐丘见他这样，便极力劝说他，说还是去润州为好：“徐知训傲慢而又昏庸，难成大事，而且他又对老臣旧将横加侮辱，我看他将来必定要出事，而且时间不会太长，您如果去了宣州，因为离那里很远，有事时无法及时应付，而润州离扬州只有一水之隔，用不了一个晚上就可以安定大事。您现在反而要舍弃这种有大好处的地方去宣州，到那里枉度岁月，无聊得很啊！”
徐知诰听了，恍然大悟，他马上出发到润州上任去了。宋齐丘分析得果然非常准确，不久，徐知训就出了事。他因为对属下极度欺凌，惹恼了大将朱瑾，朱瑾忍不下这种待遇，就寻机将他杀死了。扬州顿时大乱，徐知诰隔着长江见对岸火光闪烁，马上召集部下渡江过来，进城之后，很快就平定了朱瑾的叛乱。
施惠政得民心
徐温得知扬州出事，赶忙领兵过来查看，见徐知诰已经平息了叛乱，稳定了局势，非常高兴，夸奖徐知诰说：“这次幸亏你在润州，离得近，否则我家大事已去，兄弟当中，你是有大功的！”然后，徐温便让徐知诰代替徐知训治理扬州。
徐知诰执政后，像他在升州时一样施惠政于民，收拢民心。他完全改变了徐知训的那种盛气凌人的狂妄做法，对待吏民都很和蔼，他还废除了一些严酷的刑法，实行仁政。为减轻百姓负担，他又下令免去一些不合理的税收。此外鼓励百姓积极生产，为百姓创造良好的条件。奴婢的买卖也被他严令禁止，就是百姓家里有了什么婚丧之事，他也遍施恩惠，有困难的家庭也能及时得到他的救济。为了更好地治理当地政务，徐知诰又广泛收拢有才干的文人，而且加以重用。为此他还专门建造了一个延宾亭来接待四方的有识之士。像骆知祥、宋齐丘等人就成了他的心腹谋士，此外，他还注意打听一些流落到他辖境内的士人，把他们请来委以重任，即使没有什么大的才能他也给个职务录用。
徐知诰关心民间疾苦，并不只是做个样子，而是身体力行。有一次，徐知诰在盛夏酷暑时外出，他不用伞也不拿扇子，随从们看他热得直流汗，便要撑开伞盖，徐知诰婉言拒绝说：“士卒都暴露在骄阳下，我怎么能用这东西呢？”徐知诰凭着他爱民如子的作为赢得了当地百姓和将士的深深爱戴，虽然当时掌握大权的是徐温，但大部分的民心已经倾向于徐知诰。
徐温病死在金陵时，徐知诰马上行动起来，他一方面以最快的速度将金陵接管过来，另一方面派兵阻止徐温亲生儿子徐知询来继承徐温之位。徐知诰代替了徐温的权臣职位，最后将杨溥推上了皇帝的宝座，自己掌握朝中实权。他也效仿原来徐温的做法，自己到金陵，让儿子徐景通驻守扬州。杨溥封徐知诰为东海郡王。
向往帝位
徐知诰的愿望比他的养父徐温要大得多，他不想总当第一大臣，他想的是皇位。但他又不好明说，就在一次照镜子时对身边的心腹周宗说：“我的功业已经完成了，可是我也老了。唉，这该怎么办呢？”
周宗早就看出了徐知诰的心思，但主人不说他也不便挑明。见徐知诰这样说，就明白了。于是，他就去联合其他人，一起活动起来。大家轮流劝徐知诰继位称帝，最后，徐知诰推辞谦让了一番，终于答应了。
吴天祚三年（公元937年）、契丹天显十二年、后晋天福二年五月，吴齐王徐（知）诰用谋士宋齐丘之计，欲联合契丹共取中原，遣使节自海路献美女、珍玩与契丹修好。契丹帝耶律德光亦遣使回报。
吴执政徐知诰早有代吴之意，吴太和五年（公元933年），就曾听谋主宋齐丘之策欲迁吴王都金陵，为吴王所罢。为谋禅代，徐知诰于太和六年幽吴临川王杨蒙于和州。至吴天祚元年（公元935年）十月，吴加徐知诰尚父、太师、大丞相、天下兵马大元帅，进封齐王，以升、润、宣、池、歙、常、江、饶、信、海十州之地为齐国。几乎相当于吴国一半的版图。次年正月，徐知诰即建元帅府，设官职。十一月，吴又诏其置百官。以金陵（今江苏南京）为西都。天祚三年正月，徐知诰建齐国，立宗庙、社稷，改金陵府为江宁府，牙城称宫城，厅堂称殿，百官多如天子之制，设骑兵八军，步兵九军，如国中之国。二月吴正式册命其为齐国王。三月，徐知诰改名徐诰，以示与养父徐温诸子相区别。其取吴而代之而步步实现，距正式禅代已为时不远。
天祚三年（公元937年），杨溥被迫让位，徐知诰正式称帝，建国号大齐，以金陵为都城。称帝建国后，徐知诰觉得姓徐不太好了，就在两年之后恢复了李姓，改名为李昪，自称为唐宪宗李恪的四世孙，所以他又将国号改为唐，为与唐朝和后唐区别，史称为南唐。大凡皇帝都有一些神灵之类的故事，而这些故事又常以民谣的形式传播。在徐知诰称帝前后，江南就有一句童谣“东海鲤鱼飞上天”。等徐知诰当了皇帝，就有人出来解说这个民谣，东海指的是徐氏的封爵之名，即东海王，鲤鱼指李弁，以此证明李弁的称帝是有神灵启示的。其实在封建社会，有很多人即使是很有威望的人为了争取其他人的拥戴，也想借助这种大家都相信的民谣来为自己制造有利的舆论，特别是小孩子唱的童谣，更是觉得童言无欺，容易让大家相信，所以就编了朗朗上口的民谣让儿童传唱，以后再行动的时候百姓就以为是天意了，接受得也就非常容易了。
保境安民做仁义之君
登上了帝位，徐知诰没有像其他的皇帝那样变得昏庸起来，而是继续施仁政，尽量为百姓谋福利。为了政权的长期稳定，也为了百姓长久地享受太平，徐知诰制定了一个根本的国策长期奉行，这就是保境安民。因为他知道自己的力量和中原的势力相比还有差距，所以制定了这个总的治国方针，对外边的政权他尽力与之和好，万不得以时才北伐抗击中原势力，向南开拓疆土。有一次，因为江淮连年丰收，群臣都要求趁北方混乱之机北伐，恢复唐朝原来的疆土。徐知诰说：“我从小在军旅中长大，经常见到战乱给百姓带来的严重危害，能使百姓安定，我也就放心了，其他还要奢求什么？”
对于东边的吴越国，徐知诰继承了杨行密的做法，与之和平相处。有一年，吴越国发生了特大的火灾，宫室和府库都被烧得异常惨重，兵器铠甲几乎被烧尽了。这时，大臣们又提出趁此千载难逢的良机发兵，一举灭掉吴越。徐知诰不但没有答应，反而派人到吴越去慰问，此后又送去大量物资救济，从此两国尽消恩怨，长期地友好相处起来。
吴越国在杨行密的时候就和江淮互相敌视，徐知诰见当时天下长期战乱不止，厌恶用兵扰民，祸乱百姓。因此在称帝之前就和吴越钱氏政权开始修好，把俘虏的吴越将士全部归还，而钱氏也以桃报李，将俘虏的吴国的将士礼送回来，两方面的关系有了根本性的转折。
徐知诰不喜欢用兵，但他的大臣中却有不少喜欢谈论战争的人，尤其是冯延巳，经常发表一些主张用兵的长篇大论，还狂妄地对徐知诰说：“田舍翁怎么能成大事呢！”但徐知诰也不生气，一心坚实自己的领地，不再想扩充领土之事。但这样百姓也得到好处，一是太平，二是赋税较轻，因为没有战争的巨大消耗与需求。
节俭的好榜样
徐知诰值得称赞的要数他的节俭了，称帝后他也没有改变这种良好的习惯。穿的鞋是草编的，洗脸用具也是铁制品，没有什么金盆银盆。暑热天气时就睡在用青葛布做的帷帐里面，左右听候使唤的只有一些老而丑的宫人，他们穿的衣服也是粗布做的，至于绫罗绸缎极少见到。徐知诰还很勤于政事，有时日夜连续地批阅奏章，设宴奏乐之类享乐的事也很少做，为大臣们做出了表率。但对于为国牺牲的人他毫不吝啬，一般都给家属三年的俸禄。对于农田的赋税也尽量公平，他派使者到各地去调查记录各户农田的肥瘠，然后分出等级纳税，百姓纷纷称其公允。从此江淮一带调兵和摊派赋役时就以土地的肥瘠为标准，杜绝了官吏的层层盘剥，从根本上减轻了百姓负担。
徐知诰之所以采取保境安民的方针，并非只是厌恶用兵祸乱百姓一条原因，他在一次和大臣讨论政事时透露了他的另一个更深层的原因。当时宋齐丘和冯延巳都说应当出兵吞并楚、吴越和闽国，徐知诰则说：“吴越的钱氏父子总是奉事中原政权，发兵攻打，弄不好要招来中原军队。闽国地方山险而地贫瘠，即使发兵攻打也要半年以上才能结束战争。就是占领了恐怕也是得到的少损失的大，而且当地人好作乱不好治理。要出兵只有楚国的马氏政权可以作为对象，也能轻易夺取，因为他不施仁政，枉法乱国。总之，就像孟子说的那样，燕人取齐，恐怕惊动四邻。就算是得到了尺寸之地却得到了天下皆知的恶名，我不想落这么个结果。”
因为有了徐知诰的保境安民的政策，加上治理有方，南唐最终成为十国中经济和文化最先进的地区，徐知诰也因此成为十国当中最杰出的政治家，他对江淮一带经济的发展做出了重要贡献。
南唐烈祖之死与陵墓钦陵
在相对安定的条件下，南唐社会生产有所发展。商人以茶、丝与中原交换羊、马，又经海上与契丹贸易。与同时割据诸国相比，南唐地大力强；由于兴科举、建学校，文化也比别国昌盛。南唐烈祖徐知诰则于南唐升元七年（公元943年）因信奉长生道术，死于丹石中毒。长子李璟继位，为中主。
李昪钦陵二陵均系依山为陵，相距约100米.李昪及其皇后宋氏的合葬陵居东，称为钦陵，建于公元943年。李璟及其皇后钟氏的合葬陵居西，称为顺陵，建于公元961年。李昪陵因建于南唐国势强盛时；故规模较大，随葬品较丰富；李璟陵则建于南唐国势衰弱时，规模略小，随葬品亦不丰富。
李昪钦陵全长达21米余，宽10米余，包括前、中、后三间主室和十间侧室。前、中两室及其所附四间侧室是砖结构，后室及其所附六间侧室是石结构。墓门及前、中、后三个主室都仿照当时社会上流行的木结构建筑式样，在壁面上用砖砌或石雕成梁、桥、柱子和斗拱，再用石青、石绿、储石和丹粉等矿物质颜料在其上绘以鲜艳的彩画，图案多作牡丹、莲花、宝相、海石榴和云气纹等。据有关学者研究，认为这是目前国内现存最早的附属在柱枋部分的彩画遗迹，在建筑史和艺术史上都具有很高的价值。
李昪陵的中室和后室之间有哺道，在雨道口的中室北壁上方，横列大型的双龙攫珠的石刻浮雕，下方的左右两侧各置一尊足踩祥云、披甲持剑的石刻浮雕武士像，原均敷金涂彩。后室的室顶为巨大青石条砌成的叠涩顶，上面绘有彩色的天象图，包括日月星辰一百余颗。后室地面的青石板上又雕刻着婉蜒曲折的江河形状，象征着地理图。这种上具天文，下具地理的陵墓内部装饰，是秦始皇陵以来帝王陵寝的装饰传统。后室的中后部有石砌棺床，棺床的侧面有行龙浮雕，并用浅刻的卷草和海石榴花纹作为棺床平面的装饰。
李昪陵前、中、后室所附的侧室内均有放置随葬品的砖台，原置的金、玉、铜、铁和陶瓷质的器物均被早年盗墓者所掠走或破坏扰乱。考古发掘所得的劫余器物以玉哀册和陶涌像较为重要，前者刻字填金，标明了该陵的陵名及下葬年代；后者有数以百计的男女宫中侍从涌和舞诵，以及各种动物涌，亦为南方唐宋墓中所罕见。
Nantangliezu Li Lei (888 -943), the word is London, small print Peng slaves, Xuzhou people, Southern Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties founder.
The orphan, the Yang Xingmi captive in war by, and that the adopted son, and Yang Xingmi thinkers can not be accepted, and thus try to Xu Wen (some say was abducted by Xu Wen, and that the adopted son), and renamed Xu know Patent.
Southern Miss time, tired, rose and the state because of power (now Nanjing) provincial governor, Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) militia history, Xu know Patent for the government and benevolent, but also economical since the Department, the award Nongsang, so treasuries to enrich. Then, Xu Wen Home l states, and to Xu Wenchang Zi Xu knowledge and training Habitat Southern Miss capital of Yangzhou (now Jiangsu Yangzhou) control of South Wu power, God save the 15 years (918) Xu know training for pride dissolute Chu Jin killed, Xu know Patent nearby self Runzhou Crossing the Yangtze River level changes, naturally replaced by Xu Xu Wen is known for its training to stay in Yangzhou, the daily conduct of public affairs knowledge Patent Office rests Xu broken.
Xu know Patent in Yangzhou, an anti-Xu knowledge and training as, reverent worship king YANG Long-acting, and humility towards scholar, to treat subordinates large, life is very thrifty servant, and to Song Qi Qiu as advisers, tax reform, the country then gradually strong, people join themselves.
South Wu Shunyi seven years (927 years) the death of Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu know Patent and Xu parents struggle to know exercise the right to know Patent Xu Xu known exercise for Korea to take advantage of the opportunity to be detained, since full control of the Southern Miss regime. Tianzuo first year (935 years), into the closed King of Qi. Tianzuo three years (937 years), renamed Xu Patent. In the same year, the Southern Miss usurped power, emperor, the establishment of Southern Tang Dynasty, reign liters per change. Liters per year (93.9 years), to restore the original name and renamed Li Lei.
Li Lei Teng throne, the diligent conduct of public affairs, and will better, change the old law; and reconciliation of Wu and Yue, protectors, and the people a rest. However, drug poisoning due to taking Fangshi Dan, personality becomes irritable. Masumoto seven (943) back sores, condition deteriorated soon died when 56 years old, 6 years in office, Su-Wen Wu Xiao Posthumous light high and the emperor, Temple name Liezu, son of Li Jing to the throne.
Smart honest boy
Li Lei, Xuzhou (Xuzhou today) who are ethical character, nickname Peng slave, his father, the name is Pan, name Rong, is a devout Buddhist. The age of six Li Lei's father died in the war, along with his uncle along with her mother to Huainan. Soon, death of mother became an orphan Li Lei had to the temple barely living. Later, Wang Yang Xingmi send troops to support Shandong Normal, attack Hao Zhou (now Fengyang) when he got to see him smart, and look're a favorite, so he wanted to receive for the foster child, but the son who strongly against Yang Xingmi had no choice but to give him an will Xu Wen, Li Lei Xu temperature to make the adopted son, renamed Xu know Patent.
Yang Hangmi after the death of Xu temperature gradually exclude opponents of the military and political power control, speech established his position and YANG Long Wu, and later presided over the planning emperor Pu Yang, Wu and thus became the first minister. He let his son know that training station Xu Yangzhou (Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in Northeast today), himself sits Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang), across the river towards the control of power.
Xu know Patent grown up, not only looks outstanding, and extraordinary courage, his kindness and others with sincerity, popularity is also very good, prestige, Xu temperature higher than the other sons. Xu Xu Wen's eldest son, known for his unusual training hated, would like to harm him several times, but their popularity Patent Xu know good and saved the day.
Diligence Aimin
Xu Wen Xu know Patent doing floor to ship arms to lead the soldiers to be stationed in Nanking (now Nanjing), set off after the army set exploits, was promoted to l states (now Nanjing), the provincial governor. Huaihe area was just put down, officials are some of the generals around the origin, they do not know the people, and care about people suffering, only that exacting, plunder money. And Xu know Patent is different, he changed the generals who took on the kind of approach, diligent in political affairs, strive to do things frugal, he also made many scholars, the implementation of benevolent politics, thus greatly reducing the burden of the people are. And therefore will not be long, Xu know Patent caring spread all over Wu, prestige and therefore have soared.
Adoptive father, after hearing personally to see, can not help but secretly admire. Xu know Patent rise under the jurisdiction of state and great changes of the past like, storehouses full, the walls were tall and strong repair, the city is also governed in perfect order with one of peaceful event scene. Xu Wen was very pleased to see, so they reap the achievements of this son: he let Xu know the Runzhou Patent sits to his control, himself moved to rise to the state, but will also rise to upgrade the state House of Nanking.
Xu know Patent listened, and suddenly, he immediately took off to go Runzhou. Song Qi Qiu analysis was very accurate too soon, Xu knowledge and training on trouble. He because of its extreme bullying, angered general Zhu Jin Zhu Jin Ren no less than such treatment, they look for an opportunity he was killed. Yangzhou sudden chaos, Xu Changjiang, see the other side know Patent flashed across and immediately summoned his men came across the river, into the city, soon put down the rebellion Jin Zhu.
Shi Huizheng hearts of the people
Xu Wen that Yangzhou accident, rushed to lead the troops over to view, see Xu know Patent has been put down the insurgency, stabilize the situation, very happy, praise Xu know Patent said: "The thanks you Runzhou from too close, or my home event has to go Among brothers, you have a great service it! "Then, let Xu Xu Wen Xu know Patent replace the management of knowledge and training of Yangzhou.
Xu know Patent sufferings of the people concerned, not just be a look, but personally. On one occasion, Xu know Patent in the summer heat when out, he does not have an umbrella do not get the fan, his men see him hot straight sweat, we have to distraction canopy, Xu know Patent politely declined, said: "his soldiers are exposed to the sun, how can I with this things? "Xu know Patent with his son as loving the people as local people and the soldiers won the deep affection, though it was in power is Xu temperature, but most people already tend to know Patent Xu.
Xu Wen died in Nanking, the Xu know Patent immediate action, and he was the fastest one will be taken over by Nanking, on the other hand to send troops to stop son Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu known exercise to succeed to the position. Xu Wen Xu know Patent replaced the powerful minister post, and finally the emperor Yang Pu onto the throne, his power to master Korean. He also followed the practice of the original Xu Wen themselves to the Jinling, Xu Jing-pass to his son stationed in Yangzhou. Xu Feng Yang Pu Dukes East China Sea known as the Letters Patent.
Longing throne
Xu desire to know Patent Xu temperature than his adoptive father is much greater, he did not want the total when the first minister, he wanted the throne. But he is difficult to explain, just one look in the mirror of the week were around the confidant said: "My exploits have been completed, but I was also old. Oh, that how to do?"
Zhou Xu were already seen to know Patent mind, but the owner would not say he did not pick out. See Xu know Patent say, will understand. So he went with others, together with the activities. Everyone takes their turn to persuade Xu know Patent succession emperor, and finally, Xu had some knowledge Patent modest decline, and finally agreed.
Tian-Tzuoh Wu for three years (AD 937), the Khitan day was twelve years, two years in May after the Jin Tianfu Wu King of Qi Xu (known) Patent advisor Song Qi Qiu with the plan, want to take joint Khitan of central China, sent envoys from the sea festival offer beauty, curios and Khitan repaired. Khitan Emperor Yelv Deguang also sent envoys return.
Tianzuo three years (AD 937), Yang Pu was forced to give way, and Xu know Patent officially became the emperor, a large number Qi Jianguo, to Nanking as the capital. After the founding emperor, surnamed Xu Xu know Patent feel not good, just two years after the restoration of a surname, changed its name to Li Lei, claiming the four-generation descendant of Emperor Xian Zong Li Ke, so he in turn the country into the Tang, for the Later Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty and the difference between history known as the Southern Tang. Generally there are some spirits like the emperor's story, and these stories were often spread to folk forms. Xu know Patent emperor in the before and after the South had a nursery rhyme, "the East China Sea carp fly overhead." So when the emperor Patent Xu know, people come out explaining the folk of the East China Sea that is knighted in the name of Xu, the East China Wang, Lei Li Bian means to prove the emperor Li Bian is a divine revelation. In fact, feudal society, You are many people even though yes very prestige of the Ren Ren's support for Zhengqu other, Yexiangjiezhu have always believed that Da Jia was 自己 folk to create a favorable opinion, particularly children singing the nursery rhyme, more is that children made and honest, easy to let everyone believe, so we compiled a catchy ballad sung by children at a later time to move people to think that providence, was also very easy to accept.
Protectors do righteousness of the king
The Temple in the east, and Xu Yang Hangmi know Patent inherited the practice, with peace. One year, the Temple in place of the big fire, the palaces and treasuries have been burned abnormal heavy, weapons armor were burned a little. At this time, ministers also proposed to take this golden opportunity to send soldiers, in one fell swoop exterminate Wu Yue. Xu know Patent has not agreed to, but to send condolences to the Wu and Yue, then they sent a lot of material relief, from the two best consumer grievances, long friendly to each other up.
Wuyue time in Yangxing Mi hostility on and JAC, see Xu know Patent world was more than long-term war, offensive military forces disturbing, and bring disaster on the people. Therefore, before the emperor, and Wu Yue Qian regime began to fix, to return all captured officers and men of Wu and Yue, and Qian Tao also reported that Lee, the captured soldiers of Wu Li sent back, have a fundamental relationship between the two turn.
Xu know Patent do not like the use of troops, but his Minister, but many like to talk about war, especially Feng Yan-si, often express some advocate use of troops at length, but also rampantly on Xu known Patent, said: "Tian Sheweng how can NCKU things!" But Xu know Patent not angry, as one solid their territory, do not want to expand the territory. But it also benefits the people, one peace, and second, less taxes, because there is no great war, consumption and demand.
A good example of thrift
Because of the XU Zhi Patent protectors of the policy, coupled with well-governed, Southern Tang eventually become 10 countries most advanced in the economic and cultural areas, Xu know Patent ten countries have become the most outstanding statesman, he Jianghuai area economy made important contributions to the development.
Nantangliezu death and the grave Qinling
In the relatively stable conditions, the Southern Tang has been the development of social production. Businessmen with tea, silk and the Central Plains to exchange sheep, horses, and trade by sea and the Khitan. Asian countries compared with the same time independent regime, Southern Tang vigorously strong; because Hing examination, built schools, cultural prosperity than other countries. Nantangliezu know Patent is in the Southern Tang Xu Sheng Yuan seven years (AD 943) the longevity of Taoism belief, Dan Stone died of poisoning. The eldest son of Li Jing to the throne, as in the main.
Li Lei Qin Ling Ling are 2 Department of the mountain for the mausoleum, a distance of 100 meters. Li Lei and Queen's Song of the buried tomb Home East, known as the Qin Ling, built in AD 943. Empress Chung Li Jing and the buried tomb Gysi, called the Shun Mausoleum, built in AD 961. Li Lei Ling having built strong momentum when the Southern Tang; so the larger, richer funerary objects; Li Jing Ling is built in the Tang Dynasty country was on the wane, the scale is smaller than the tomb is not rich.
Li Lei Qin Ling over a total length of 21 meters, 10 meters wide and over, including before, during and after the three main rooms and 10 Ce Shi. Before, during and two-bedroom and its accompanying four Ceshi a brick structure, post room and its accompanying six Ceshi is stone structure. Mumen and before, during and after the three main rooms are modeled on the then prevalent style wooden building in the use of brick or stone wall into the beams, bridges, pillars and brackets, and then azurite, Dan Lv, storage Dan Stone and powder mineral pigments in their painting painted with bright, pattern more peony, lotus, Po phase, sea and cloud patterns such as pomegranate. According to scholars, that this is currently a subsidiary of the oldest part of the painting in the column remains Fang, history and art history in the construction are of high value.
Li Lei Ling before, during and after the room had attached to the side of the room to place the brick burial platform, the original home of the gold, jade, copper, iron and ceramic artifacts were qualitatively early grave robbers looted or destroyed by the disruption. Archaeological artifacts from the robbery to Yu Ai Yu Tao Bay book and more important as the former is filled gold lettering, indicating the name of the mausoleum of the tomb and buried years; which hundreds of men and women palace attendants Chung and dance song and and a variety of animals, Chung, is also rare in the South Song tombs.
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