| 字： | 正倫 | |||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 光文肅武孝高皇帝 | |||||||||||
| 廟號： | 烈祖 | |||||||||||
| 籍貫： | 徐州 | |||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 永陵 | |||||||||||
閱讀李昪 Li Bian在诗海的作品!!! | ||||||||||||
南唐烈祖李昪（888年—943年），字正倫，小字彭奴，徐州人，五代時期南唐建立者。
本為孤兒，為楊行密於爭戰中所擄，並以為養子，而楊行密諸子不能容，遂將其給予徐溫（一說為徐溫所擄，並以為養子），並改名徐知誥。
南吳時期，因功纍升升州（今江蘇南京）刺史、潤州（今江蘇鎮江）團練史，徐知誥為政寬仁，又能節儉自處，奬勵農桑，因此府庫充實。當時，徐溫居升州，並以徐溫長子徐知訓居南吳都城揚州（今江蘇揚州）控製南吳政權，天佑十五年（918年）徐知訓因驕傲荒淫為朱瑾所殺，徐知誥就近自潤州渡長江平變，自是徐溫乃以其代替徐知訓留揚州，日常政事皆由徐知誥處斷。
徐知誥在揚州，一反徐知訓之作為，恭敬事奉吳王楊隆演，並且謙卑對待士大夫，對待部屬寬大，生活十分儉僕，並以宋齊丘為謀士，改革稅製，因此國傢遂漸富強，人心歸附。
南吳順義七年（927年）徐溫去世，徐知誥與徐溫親子徐知詢爭權，徐知誥趁徐知詢入朝的機會，將其扣留，自此完全掌握南吳政權。天祚元年（935年），進封齊王。天祚三年（937年），改名徐誥。同年，篡奪南吳政權，即皇帝位，建立南唐，改年號升元。升元三年（939年），恢復原姓，並改名李昪。
李昪登帝位後，勤於政事，並興利除弊，變更舊法；又與吳越和解，保境安民，與民休息。然而因服用方士丹藥中毒，個性變得暴躁易怒。升元七年（943年）背上生瘡，不久病情惡化去世，時年56歲，在位6年，謚光文肅武孝高皇帝，廟號烈祖，子李璟繼位。
聰明忠厚的少年
李昪，徐州（今江蘇徐州）人，字正倫，小名彭奴，其父親本姓潘，名榮，是一個虔誠的佛教信徒。六歲時李昪的父親就在戰亂中去世了，他隨母親跟着伯父一起到了淮南。不久，母親也不幸去世，成了孤兒的李昪衹好到寺廟裏勉強維生。後來楊行密派兵支援山東的王師範，攻打濠州（今安徽鳳陽）時得到了他，見他聰明機靈，長得也很招人喜愛，於是就想將他收為養子，但親生兒子們極力反對，楊行密無奈衹好把他給了屬將徐溫，李昪就做了徐溫的養子，改名為徐知誥。
楊行密去世後，徐溫逐漸排除對手掌握了軍政大權，擁立楊隆演建立了吳國，以後又主持為楊溥謀劃稱帝，因而成為吳國的第一大臣。他讓自己的長子徐知訓駐守揚州（今江蘇揚州東北），自己則坐鎮潤州（今江蘇鎮江），隔江控製朝中大權。
徐知誥長大後，不但相貌出衆，而且膽略過人，他為人厚道，待人誠懇，人緣也很好，威望高過徐溫的其他兒子們。徐溫的長子徐知訓對他異常忌恨，好幾次想加害於他，但都因為徐知誥人緣好而化險為夷。
勤勉愛民
徐溫讓徐知誥做樓船軍使，率領水軍駐守在金陵（今江蘇南京），後隨軍出徵立下戰功，被升為升州（今南京）刺史。當時江淮一帶剛剛平定，各地的官員都是一些武將出身的人，他們不知愛民，關心百姓疾苦，衹知道橫徵暴斂，搜刮錢財。而徐知誥卻與衆不同，他一上任就改變了武將們的那種做法，勤於政事，做事力求節儉，他還廣交儒生，實施寬仁政治，大大減輕了百姓們的負擔。因而時間不長，徐知誥愛民的名聲就傳遍了吳國，威望也因此大升。
養父聽到後，就親自來查看，不禁暗自贊嘆。徐知誥管轄的升州和過去大變了樣，府庫充實，城墻修得高大堅固，城內也治理得井井有條，一派太平盛事的景象。徐溫看後非常高興，於是就坐享了這個養子的功績：他讓徐知誥到他坐鎮的潤州去治理，自己則搬到了升州來了，同時又將升州升格為金陵府。
徐知誥開始不願意去，嚮養父提出要去宣州（今安徽宣州），說了好幾次，徐溫都沒有答應他，徐知誥因而整天悶悶不樂。他的謀士宋齊丘見他這樣，便極力勸說他，說還是去潤州為好：“徐知訓傲慢而又昏庸，難成大事，而且他又對老臣舊將橫加侮辱，我看他將來必定要出事，而且時間不會太長，您如果去了宣州，因為離那裏很遠，有事時無法及時應付，而潤州離揚州衹有一水之隔，用不了一個晚上就可以安定大事。您現在反而要捨棄這種有大好處的地方去宣州，到那裏枉度歲月，無聊得很啊！”
徐知誥聽了，恍然大悟，他馬上出發到潤州上任去了。宋齊丘分析得果然非常準確，不久，徐知訓就出了事。他因為對屬下極度欺凌，惹惱了大將朱瑾，朱瑾忍不下這種待遇，就尋機將他殺死了。揚州頓時大亂，徐知誥隔着長江見對岸火光閃爍，馬上召集部下渡江過來，進城之後，很快就平定了朱瑾的叛亂。
施惠政得民心
徐溫得知揚州出事，趕忙領兵過來查看，見徐知誥已經平息了叛亂，穩定了局勢，非常高興，誇奬徐知誥說：“這次幸虧你在潤州，離得近，否則我傢大事已去，兄弟當中，你是有大功的！”然後，徐溫便讓徐知誥代替徐知訓治理揚州。
徐知誥執政後，像他在升州時一樣施惠政於民，收攏民心。他完全改變了徐知訓的那種盛氣凌人的狂妄做法，對待吏民都很和藹，他還廢除了一些嚴酷的刑法，實行仁政。為減輕百姓負擔，他又下令免去一些不合理的稅收。此外鼓勵百姓積極生産，為百姓創造良好的條件。奴婢的買賣也被他嚴令禁止，就是百姓傢裏有了什麽婚喪之事，他也遍施恩惠，有睏難的家庭也能及時得到他的救濟。為了更好地治理當地政務，徐知誥又廣泛收攏有才幹的文人，而且加以重用。為此他還專門建造了一個延賓亭來接待四方的有識之士。像駱知祥、宋齊丘等人就成了他的心腹謀士，此外，他還註意打聽一些流落到他轄境內的士人，把他們請來委以重任，即使沒有什麽大的才能他也給個職務錄用。
徐知誥關心民間疾苦，並不衹是做個樣子，而是身體力行。有一次，徐知誥在盛夏酷暑時外出，他不用傘也不拿扇子，隨從們看他熱得直流汗，便要撐開傘蓋，徐知誥婉言拒絶說：“士卒都暴露在驕陽下，我怎麽能用這東西呢？”徐知誥憑着他愛民如子的作為贏得了當地百姓和將士的深深愛戴，雖然當時掌握大權的是徐溫，但大部分的民心已經傾嚮於徐知誥。
徐溫病死在金陵時，徐知誥馬上行動起來，他一方面以最快的速度將金陵接管過來，另一方面派兵阻止徐溫親生兒子徐知詢來繼承徐溫之位。徐知誥代替了徐溫的權臣職位，最後將楊溥推上了皇帝的寶座，自己掌握朝中實權。他也效仿原來徐溫的做法，自己到金陵，讓兒子徐景通駐守揚州。楊溥封徐知誥為東海郡王。
嚮往帝位
徐知誥的願望比他的養父徐溫要大得多，他不想總當第一大臣，他想的是皇位。但他又不好明說，就在一次照鏡子時對身邊的心腹周宗說：“我的功業已經完成了，可是我也老了。唉，這該怎麽辦呢？”
周宗早就看出了徐知誥的心思，但主人不說他也不便挑明。見徐知誥這樣說，就明白了。於是，他就去聯合其他人，一起活動起來。大傢輪流勸徐知誥繼位稱帝，最後，徐知誥推辭謙讓了一番，終於答應了。
吳天祚三年（公元937年）、契丹天顯十二年、後晉天福二年五月，吳齊王徐（知）誥用謀士宋齊丘之計，欲聯合契丹共取中原，遣使節自海路獻美女、珍玩與契丹修好。契丹帝耶律德光亦遣使回報。
吳執政徐知誥早有代吳之意，吳太和五年（公元933年），就曾聽謀主宋齊丘之策欲遷吳王都金陵，為吳王所罷。為謀禪代，徐知誥於太和六年幽吳臨川王楊蒙於和州。至吳天祚元年（公元935年）十月，吳加徐知誥尚父、太師、大丞相、天下兵馬大元帥，進封齊王，以升、潤、宣、池、歙、常、江、饒、信、海十州之地為齊國。幾乎相當於吳國一半的版圖。次年正月，徐知誥即建元帥府，設官職。十一月，吳又詔其置百官。以金陵（今江蘇南京）為西都。天祚三年正月，徐知誥建齊國，立宗廟、社稷，改金陵府為江寧府，牙城稱宮城，廳堂稱殿，百官多如天子之製，設騎兵八軍，步兵九軍，如國中之國。二月吳正式册命其為齊國王。三月，徐知誥改名徐誥，以示與養父徐溫諸子相區別。其取吳而代之而步步實現，距正式禪代已為時不遠。
天祚三年（公元937年），楊溥被迫讓位，徐知誥正式稱帝，建國號大齊，以金陵為都城。稱帝建國後，徐知誥覺得姓徐不太好了，就在兩年之後恢復了李姓，改名為李昪，自稱為唐憲宗李恪的四世孫，所以他又將國號改為唐，為與唐朝和後唐區別，史稱為南唐。大凡皇帝都有一些神靈之類的故事，而這些故事又常以民謠的形式傳播。在徐知誥稱帝前後，江南就有一句童謠“東海鯉魚飛上天”。等徐知誥當了皇帝，就有人出來解說這個民謠，東海指的是徐氏的封爵之名，即東海王，鯉魚指李弁，以此證明李弁的稱帝是有神靈啓示的。其實在封建社會，有很多人即使是很有威望的人為了爭取其他人的擁戴，也想藉助這種大傢都相信的民謠來為自己製造有利的輿論，特別是小孩子唱的童謠，更是覺得童言無欺，容易讓大傢相信，所以就編了朗朗上口的民謠讓兒童傳唱，以後再行動的時候百姓就以為是天意了，接受得也就非常容易了。
保境安民做仁義之君
登上了帝位，徐知誥沒有像其他的皇帝那樣變得昏庸起來，而是繼續施仁政，盡量為百姓謀福利。為了政權的長期穩定，也為了百姓長久地享受太平，徐知誥製定了一個根本的國策長期奉行，這就是保境安民。因為他知道自己的力量和中原的勢力相比還有差距，所以製定了這個總的治國方針，對外邊的政權他盡力與之和好，萬不得以時纔北伐抗擊中原勢力，嚮南開拓疆土。有一次，因為江淮連年豐收，群臣都要求趁北方混亂之機北伐，恢復唐朝原來的疆土。徐知誥說：“我從小在軍旅中長大，經常見到戰亂給百姓帶來的嚴重危害，能使百姓安定，我也就放心了，其他還要奢求什麽？”
對於東邊的吳越國，徐知誥繼承了楊行密的做法，與之和平相處。有一年，吳越國發生了特大的火災，宮室和府庫都被燒得異常慘重，兵器鎧甲幾乎被燒盡了。這時，大臣們又提出趁此千載難逢的良機發兵，一舉滅掉吳越。徐知誥不但沒有答應，反而派人到吳越去慰問，此後又送去大量物資救濟，從此兩國盡消恩怨，長期地友好相處起來。
吳越國在楊行密的時候就和江淮互相敵視，徐知誥見當時天下長期戰亂不止，厭惡用兵擾民，禍亂百姓。因此在稱帝之前就和吳越錢氏政權開始修好，把俘虜的吳越將士全部歸還，而錢氏也以桃報李，將俘虜的吳國的將士禮送回來，兩方面的關係有了根本性的轉折。
徐知誥不喜歡用兵，但他的大臣中卻有不少喜歡談論戰爭的人，尤其是馮延巳，經常發表一些主張用兵的長篇大論，還狂妄地對徐知誥說：“田捨翁怎麽能成大事呢！”但徐知誥也不生氣，一心堅實自己的領地，不再想擴充領土之事。但這樣百姓也得到好處，一是太平，二是賦稅較輕，因為沒有戰爭的巨大消耗與需求。
節儉的好榜樣
徐知誥值得稱贊的要數他的節儉了，稱帝後他也沒有改變這種良好的習慣。穿的鞋是草編的，洗臉用具也是鐵製品，沒有什麽金盆銀盆。暑熱天氣時就睡在用青葛布做的帷帳裏面，左右聽候使喚的衹有一些老而醜的宮人，他們穿的衣服也是粗布做的，至於綾羅綢緞極少見到。徐知誥還很勤於政事，有時日夜連續地批閱奏章，設宴奏樂之類享樂的事也很少做，為大臣們做出了表率。但對於為國犧牲的人他毫不吝嗇，一般都給傢屬三年的俸祿。對於農田的賦稅也盡量公平，他派使者到各地去調查記錄各戶農田的肥瘠，然後分出等級納稅，百姓紛紛稱其公允。從此江淮一帶調兵和攤派賦役時就以土地的肥瘠為標準，杜絶了官吏的層層盤剝，從根本上減輕了百姓負擔。
徐知誥之所以采取保境安民的方針，並非衹是厭惡用兵禍亂百姓一條原因，他在一次和大臣討論政事時透露了他的另一個更深層的原因。當時宋齊丘和馮延巳都說應當出兵吞併楚、吳越和閩國，徐知誥則說：“吳越的錢氏父子總是奉事中原政權，發兵攻打，弄不好要招來中原軍隊。閩國地方山險而地貧瘠，即使發兵攻打也要半年以上才能結束戰爭。就是占領了恐怕也是得到的少損失的大，而且當地人好作亂不好治理。要出兵衹有楚國的馬氏政權可以作為對象，也能輕易奪取，因為他不施仁政，枉法亂國。總之，就像孟子說的那樣，燕人取齊，恐怕驚動四鄰。就算是得到了尺寸之地卻得到了天下皆知的惡名，我不想落這麽個結果。”
因為有了徐知誥的保境安民的政策，加上治理有方，南唐最終成為十國中經濟和文化最先進的地區，徐知誥也因此成為十國當中最傑出的政治傢，他對江淮一帶經濟的發展做出了重要貢獻。
南唐烈祖之死與陵墓欽陵
在相對安定的條件下，南唐社會生産有所發展。商人以茶、絲與中原交換羊、馬，又經海上與契丹貿易。與同時割據諸國相比，南唐地大力強；由於興科舉、建學校，文化也比別國昌盛。南唐烈祖徐知誥則於南唐升元七年（公元943年）因信奉長生道術，死於丹石中毒。長子李璟繼位，為中主。
李昪欽陵二陵均係依山為陵，相距約100米.李昪及其皇后宋氏的合葬陵居東，稱為欽陵，建於公元943年。李璟及其皇后鐘氏的合葬陵居西，稱為順陵，建於公元961年。李昪陵因建於南唐國勢強盛時；故規模較大，隨葬品較豐富；李璟陵則建於南唐國勢衰弱時，規模略小，隨葬品亦不豐富。
李昪欽陵全長達21米餘，寬10米餘，包括前、中、後三間主室和十間側室。前、中兩室及其所附四間側室是磚結構，後室及其所附六間側室是石結構。墓門及前、中、後三個主室都仿照當時社會上流行的木結構建築式樣，在壁面上用磚砌或石雕成梁、橋、柱子和鬥拱，再用石青、石緑、儲石和丹粉等礦物質顔料在其上繪以鮮豔的彩畫，圖案多作牡丹、蓮花、寶相、海石榴和雲氣紋等。據有關學者研究，認為這是目前國內現存最早的附屬在柱枋部分的彩畫遺跡，在建築史和藝術史上都具有很高的價值。
李昪陵的中室和後室之間有哺道，在雨道口的中室北壁上方，橫列大型的雙竜攫珠的石刻浮雕，下方的左右兩側各置一尊足踩祥雲、披甲持劍的石刻浮雕武士像，原均敷金塗彩。後室的室頂為巨大青石條砌成的疊澀頂，上面繪有彩色的天象圖，包括日月星辰一百餘顆。後室地面的青石板上又雕刻着婉蜒麯折的江河形狀，象徵着地理圖。這種上具天文，下具地理的陵墓內部裝飾，是秦始皇陵以來帝王陵寢的裝飾傳統。後室的中後部有石砌棺床，棺床的側面有行竜浮雕，並用淺刻的捲草和海石榴花紋作為棺床平面的裝飾。
李昪陵前、中、後室所附的側室內均有放置隨葬品的磚臺，原置的金、玉、銅、鐵和陶瓷質的器物均被早年盜墓者所掠走或破壞擾亂。考古發掘所得的劫餘器物以玉哀册和陶涌像較為重要，前者刻字填金，標明了該陵的陵名及下葬年代；後者有數以百計的男女宮中侍從涌和舞誦，以及各種動物涌，亦為南方唐宋墓中所罕見。
Nantangliezu Li Lei (888 -943), the word is London, small print Peng slaves, Xuzhou people, Southern Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties founder.
The orphan, the Yang Xingmi captive in war by, and that the adopted son, and Yang Xingmi thinkers can not be accepted, and thus try to Xu Wen (some say was abducted by Xu Wen, and that the adopted son), and renamed Xu know Patent.
Southern Miss time, tired, rose and the state because of power (now Nanjing) provincial governor, Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) militia history, Xu know Patent for the government and benevolent, but also economical since the Department, the award Nongsang, so treasuries to enrich. Then, Xu Wen Home l states, and to Xu Wenchang Zi Xu knowledge and training Habitat Southern Miss capital of Yangzhou (now Jiangsu Yangzhou) control of South Wu power, God save the 15 years (918) Xu know training for pride dissolute Chu Jin killed, Xu know Patent nearby self Runzhou Crossing the Yangtze River level changes, naturally replaced by Xu Xu Wen is known for its training to stay in Yangzhou, the daily conduct of public affairs knowledge Patent Office rests Xu broken.
Xu know Patent in Yangzhou, an anti-Xu knowledge and training as, reverent worship king YANG Long-acting, and humility towards scholar, to treat subordinates large, life is very thrifty servant, and to Song Qi Qiu as advisers, tax reform, the country then gradually strong, people join themselves.
South Wu Shunyi seven years (927 years) the death of Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu know Patent and Xu parents struggle to know exercise the right to know Patent Xu Xu known exercise for Korea to take advantage of the opportunity to be detained, since full control of the Southern Miss regime. Tianzuo first year (935 years), into the closed King of Qi. Tianzuo three years (937 years), renamed Xu Patent. In the same year, the Southern Miss usurped power, emperor, the establishment of Southern Tang Dynasty, reign liters per change. Liters per year (93.9 years), to restore the original name and renamed Li Lei.
Li Lei Teng throne, the diligent conduct of public affairs, and will better, change the old law; and reconciliation of Wu and Yue, protectors, and the people a rest. However, drug poisoning due to taking Fangshi Dan, personality becomes irritable. Masumoto seven (943) back sores, condition deteriorated soon died when 56 years old, 6 years in office, Su-Wen Wu Xiao Posthumous light high and the emperor, Temple name Liezu, son of Li Jing to the throne.
Smart honest boy
Li Lei, Xuzhou (Xuzhou today) who are ethical character, nickname Peng slave, his father, the name is Pan, name Rong, is a devout Buddhist. The age of six Li Lei's father died in the war, along with his uncle along with her mother to Huainan. Soon, death of mother became an orphan Li Lei had to the temple barely living. Later, Wang Yang Xingmi send troops to support Shandong Normal, attack Hao Zhou (now Fengyang) when he got to see him smart, and look're a favorite, so he wanted to receive for the foster child, but the son who strongly against Yang Xingmi had no choice but to give him an will Xu Wen, Li Lei Xu temperature to make the adopted son, renamed Xu know Patent.
Yang Hangmi after the death of Xu temperature gradually exclude opponents of the military and political power control, speech established his position and YANG Long Wu, and later presided over the planning emperor Pu Yang, Wu and thus became the first minister. He let his son know that training station Xu Yangzhou (Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in Northeast today), himself sits Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang), across the river towards the control of power.
Xu know Patent grown up, not only looks outstanding, and extraordinary courage, his kindness and others with sincerity, popularity is also very good, prestige, Xu temperature higher than the other sons. Xu Xu Wen's eldest son, known for his unusual training hated, would like to harm him several times, but their popularity Patent Xu know good and saved the day.
Diligence Aimin
Xu Wen Xu know Patent doing floor to ship arms to lead the soldiers to be stationed in Nanking (now Nanjing), set off after the army set exploits, was promoted to l states (now Nanjing), the provincial governor. Huaihe area was just put down, officials are some of the generals around the origin, they do not know the people, and care about people suffering, only that exacting, plunder money. And Xu know Patent is different, he changed the generals who took on the kind of approach, diligent in political affairs, strive to do things frugal, he also made many scholars, the implementation of benevolent politics, thus greatly reducing the burden of the people are. And therefore will not be long, Xu know Patent caring spread all over Wu, prestige and therefore have soared.
Adoptive father, after hearing personally to see, can not help but secretly admire. Xu know Patent rise under the jurisdiction of state and great changes of the past like, storehouses full, the walls were tall and strong repair, the city is also governed in perfect order with one of peaceful event scene. Xu Wen was very pleased to see, so they reap the achievements of this son: he let Xu know the Runzhou Patent sits to his control, himself moved to rise to the state, but will also rise to upgrade the state House of Nanking.
Xu know Patent listened, and suddenly, he immediately took off to go Runzhou. Song Qi Qiu analysis was very accurate too soon, Xu knowledge and training on trouble. He because of its extreme bullying, angered general Zhu Jin Zhu Jin Ren no less than such treatment, they look for an opportunity he was killed. Yangzhou sudden chaos, Xu Changjiang, see the other side know Patent flashed across and immediately summoned his men came across the river, into the city, soon put down the rebellion Jin Zhu.
Shi Huizheng hearts of the people
Xu Wen that Yangzhou accident, rushed to lead the troops over to view, see Xu know Patent has been put down the insurgency, stabilize the situation, very happy, praise Xu know Patent said: "The thanks you Runzhou from too close, or my home event has to go Among brothers, you have a great service it! "Then, let Xu Xu Wen Xu know Patent replace the management of knowledge and training of Yangzhou.
Xu know Patent sufferings of the people concerned, not just be a look, but personally. On one occasion, Xu know Patent in the summer heat when out, he does not have an umbrella do not get the fan, his men see him hot straight sweat, we have to distraction canopy, Xu know Patent politely declined, said: "his soldiers are exposed to the sun, how can I with this things? "Xu know Patent with his son as loving the people as local people and the soldiers won the deep affection, though it was in power is Xu temperature, but most people already tend to know Patent Xu.
Xu Wen died in Nanking, the Xu know Patent immediate action, and he was the fastest one will be taken over by Nanking, on the other hand to send troops to stop son Xu Wen Xu Wen Xu known exercise to succeed to the position. Xu Wen Xu know Patent replaced the powerful minister post, and finally the emperor Yang Pu onto the throne, his power to master Korean. He also followed the practice of the original Xu Wen themselves to the Jinling, Xu Jing-pass to his son stationed in Yangzhou. Xu Feng Yang Pu Dukes East China Sea known as the Letters Patent.
Longing throne
Xu desire to know Patent Xu temperature than his adoptive father is much greater, he did not want the total when the first minister, he wanted the throne. But he is difficult to explain, just one look in the mirror of the week were around the confidant said: "My exploits have been completed, but I was also old. Oh, that how to do?"
Zhou Xu were already seen to know Patent mind, but the owner would not say he did not pick out. See Xu know Patent say, will understand. So he went with others, together with the activities. Everyone takes their turn to persuade Xu know Patent succession emperor, and finally, Xu had some knowledge Patent modest decline, and finally agreed.
Tian-Tzuoh Wu for three years (AD 937), the Khitan day was twelve years, two years in May after the Jin Tianfu Wu King of Qi Xu (known) Patent advisor Song Qi Qiu with the plan, want to take joint Khitan of central China, sent envoys from the sea festival offer beauty, curios and Khitan repaired. Khitan Emperor Yelv Deguang also sent envoys return.
Tianzuo three years (AD 937), Yang Pu was forced to give way, and Xu know Patent officially became the emperor, a large number Qi Jianguo, to Nanking as the capital. After the founding emperor, surnamed Xu Xu know Patent feel not good, just two years after the restoration of a surname, changed its name to Li Lei, claiming the four-generation descendant of Emperor Xian Zong Li Ke, so he in turn the country into the Tang, for the Later Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty and the difference between history known as the Southern Tang. Generally there are some spirits like the emperor's story, and these stories were often spread to folk forms. Xu know Patent emperor in the before and after the South had a nursery rhyme, "the East China Sea carp fly overhead." So when the emperor Patent Xu know, people come out explaining the folk of the East China Sea that is knighted in the name of Xu, the East China Wang, Lei Li Bian means to prove the emperor Li Bian is a divine revelation. In fact, feudal society, You are many people even though yes very prestige of the Ren Ren's support for Zhengqu other, Yexiangjiezhu have always believed that Da Jia was 自己 folk to create a favorable opinion, particularly children singing the nursery rhyme, more is that children made and honest, easy to let everyone believe, so we compiled a catchy ballad sung by children at a later time to move people to think that providence, was also very easy to accept.
Protectors do righteousness of the king
The Temple in the east, and Xu Yang Hangmi know Patent inherited the practice, with peace. One year, the Temple in place of the big fire, the palaces and treasuries have been burned abnormal heavy, weapons armor were burned a little. At this time, ministers also proposed to take this golden opportunity to send soldiers, in one fell swoop exterminate Wu Yue. Xu know Patent has not agreed to, but to send condolences to the Wu and Yue, then they sent a lot of material relief, from the two best consumer grievances, long friendly to each other up.
Wuyue time in Yangxing Mi hostility on and JAC, see Xu know Patent world was more than long-term war, offensive military forces disturbing, and bring disaster on the people. Therefore, before the emperor, and Wu Yue Qian regime began to fix, to return all captured officers and men of Wu and Yue, and Qian Tao also reported that Lee, the captured soldiers of Wu Li sent back, have a fundamental relationship between the two turn.
Xu know Patent do not like the use of troops, but his Minister, but many like to talk about war, especially Feng Yan-si, often express some advocate use of troops at length, but also rampantly on Xu known Patent, said: "Tian Sheweng how can NCKU things!" But Xu know Patent not angry, as one solid their territory, do not want to expand the territory. But it also benefits the people, one peace, and second, less taxes, because there is no great war, consumption and demand.
A good example of thrift
Because of the XU Zhi Patent protectors of the policy, coupled with well-governed, Southern Tang eventually become 10 countries most advanced in the economic and cultural areas, Xu know Patent ten countries have become the most outstanding statesman, he Jianghuai area economy made important contributions to the development.
Nantangliezu death and the grave Qinling
In the relatively stable conditions, the Southern Tang has been the development of social production. Businessmen with tea, silk and the Central Plains to exchange sheep, horses, and trade by sea and the Khitan. Asian countries compared with the same time independent regime, Southern Tang vigorously strong; because Hing examination, built schools, cultural prosperity than other countries. Nantangliezu know Patent is in the Southern Tang Xu Sheng Yuan seven years (AD 943) the longevity of Taoism belief, Dan Stone died of poisoning. The eldest son of Li Jing to the throne, as in the main.
Li Lei Qin Ling Ling are 2 Department of the mountain for the mausoleum, a distance of 100 meters. Li Lei and Queen's Song of the buried tomb Home East, known as the Qin Ling, built in AD 943. Empress Chung Li Jing and the buried tomb Gysi, called the Shun Mausoleum, built in AD 961. Li Lei Ling having built strong momentum when the Southern Tang; so the larger, richer funerary objects; Li Jing Ling is built in the Tang Dynasty country was on the wane, the scale is smaller than the tomb is not rich.
Li Lei Qin Ling over a total length of 21 meters, 10 meters wide and over, including before, during and after the three main rooms and 10 Ce Shi. Before, during and two-bedroom and its accompanying four Ceshi a brick structure, post room and its accompanying six Ceshi is stone structure. Mumen and before, during and after the three main rooms are modeled on the then prevalent style wooden building in the use of brick or stone wall into the beams, bridges, pillars and brackets, and then azurite, Dan Lv, storage Dan Stone and powder mineral pigments in their painting painted with bright, pattern more peony, lotus, Po phase, sea and cloud patterns such as pomegranate. According to scholars, that this is currently a subsidiary of the oldest part of the painting in the column remains Fang, history and art history in the construction are of high value.
Li Lei Ling before, during and after the room had attached to the side of the room to place the brick burial platform, the original home of the gold, jade, copper, iron and ceramic artifacts were qualitatively early grave robbers looted or destroyed by the disruption. Archaeological artifacts from the robbery to Yu Ai Yu Tao Bay book and more important as the former is filled gold lettering, indicating the name of the mausoleum of the tomb and buried years; which hundreds of men and women palace attendants Chung and dance song and and a variety of animals, Chung, is also rare in the South Song tombs.
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