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周武王之子。武王剋商後在位4年卒，“天下聞武王崩而扳”，成王即位時年少，由周公姬旦攝政，引起管叔、蔡叔、霍叔等的不滿，製造謠言說周公想謀篡王位，聯合武庚發動叛亂，召公奭也懷疑起來，史稱“三監之亂”。周公率兵東徵，三年後平亂，管叔自殺，蔡叔被囚，奪商、衛、邶、鄘四國封地。周公攝政七年後，還政於成王，周公擔心成王貪圖安逸，寫了一篇《無逸》。前1021年，周成王駕崩，享年35歲，太子姬釗即位，是為周康王。
後世以“成康之治”評價成王與其子康王的政績，史稱當時天下安寧，四十餘年不用刑罰。
夏商周斷代工程把成王在位時間定為前1042年至前1021年。
周公輔成王
周成王姬誦，是周武王的兒子，即位時13歲。由周公旦攝政。之中，平定武庚(商紂王的兒子）的叛亂，並大封諸侯。成王造東都洛邑。周武王建立了周王朝以後，過了四年就害病死了。他的兒子姬誦繼承王位，這就是周成王。那時候，周成王纔十三歲，再說，剛建立的周王朝還不大穩固。於是由武王的弟弟周公旦輔助成王掌管國傢大事，實際上是代理天子的職權。歷史上通常不稱周公旦的名字，衹叫他周公。
周公的封地在魯國，因為他要留在京城處理政事，不能到封地去，等他的兒子伯禽長大了，就派伯禽代他到魯國去做國君。
伯禽臨走的時候，問他父親有什麽囑咐。周公說：“我是周文王的兒子，周武王的弟弟，當今天子的叔叔，你說我的地位怎麽樣？”
伯禽說：“那自然是很高的了。”
周公說：“對呀！我的地位確實很高，但是我每次洗頭髮的時候，一碰到急事，就馬上停止洗發，把頭髮握在手裏去辦事；每次吃飯的時候，聽說有人求見，我就把來不及咽下的飯菜吐出來，去接見那些求見的人。我這樣做，還怕天下的人才不肯到我這兒來呢。你到了魯國，不過是個國君，可不能驕傲啊！”
伯禽連連點頭，表示一定記住父親的教導。
周公盡心盡意輔助成王，管理國事，可是他的弟弟管叔、蔡叔卻在外面造謠，說周公有野心，想要篡奪王位啦！
紂王的兒子武庚雖然被封為殷侯，但是受到周朝的監視，覺得很不自由，巴不得周朝發生內亂，重新恢復他的殷商的王位，就和管叔、蔡叔串通一氣，聯絡了一批殷商的舊貴族，還煽動東夷中幾個部落，鬧起叛亂來。
武庚和管叔等人製造的謠言，鬧得鎬京也沸沸揚揚，連召公奭聽了也懷疑起來。成王年小不大懂事，更鬧不清是真是假，對這位輔助他的叔父也有點信不過。
周公心裏很難過，他首先嚮召公奭（與周公同父異母的弟弟）披肝瀝膽地談了一次話，告訴召公奭，他决沒有野心，要他顧全大局，不要輕信謠言。召公奭被他這番誠懇的話感動，消除了誤會，重新和周公合作。周公在安定了內部之後，毅然調動大軍，親自率領大軍東徵。
這時候，東方有幾個部落像淮夷、徐戎等，都配合武庚，蠢蠢欲動。周公下命令給太公望，授權給他，各國諸侯，有不服周朝的，都由太公望徵討。這樣，由太公望控製了東方，他自己全力對付武庚。
費了三年的工夫，周公終於平定了武庚的叛亂，把帶頭叛亂的武庚殺了。管叔一看武庚失敗，自己覺得沒有面目見他的哥哥和侄兒，上吊自殺了。周公平定了叛亂，把霍叔革了職，對蔡叔辦了一個充軍的罪。
在周公東徵的過程中，一大批商朝的貴族成了俘虜。因為他們反抗周朝，所以叫他們是“頑民”。周公覺得讓這批人留在原來的地方不大放心；同時，又覺得鎬京在西邊，要控製東部的廣大中原地區很不方便，就在東面新建一座都城，叫做洛邑（今河南洛陽市），把殷朝的“頑民”都遷到那裏，派兵監視他們。
打那以後，周朝就有了兩座都城。西部是鎬京，又叫宗周；東部是洛邑，又叫成周。
周公輔助成王執政了七年，總算把周王朝的統治鞏固下來，他還製訂了周朝一套典章制度。公元前1036年，周成王滿二十歲的時候，周公把政權交給成王管理。
《史記》記載
成王少，周初定天下，周公恐諸侯畔周，公乃攝行政當國。管叔、蔡叔群弟疑周公，與武庚作亂，畔周。周公奉成王命，伐誅武庚、管叔，放蔡叔。以微子開代殷後，國於宋。□正義今宋州也。頗收殷餘民，以封武王少弟封為衛康叔。□正義尚書洛誥雲：“我卜瀍水東，亦惟洛食，以居邶、鄘、衛之衆。”又多士篇序雲：“ 成周既成，遷殷頑民。”按：是為東周，古洛陽城也。括地志雲：“洛陽故城在洛州洛陽縣東北二十六裏，周公所築，即成周城也。輿地志雲‘以周地在王城東，故曰東周。敬王避子朝亂，自洛邑東居此。以其迫厄不受王都，故壞翟泉而廣之’。”按：武王滅殷國為邶、鄘、衛，三監尹之。武庚作亂，周公滅之，徙三監之民於成周，頗收其餘衆，以封康叔為衛侯，即今衛州是也。孔安國雲“以三監之餘民，國康叔為衛侯。周公懲其數叛，故使賢母弟主之”也。晉唐叔得嘉𠔌，◇集解鄭玄曰：“二苗同為一穗。”獻之成王，成王以歸周公於兵所。◇集解徐廣曰：“歸，一作‘餽’。”周公受禾東土，魯天子之命。◇集解徐廣曰：“尚書序雲‘旅天子之命’。”初，管、蔡畔周，周公討之，三年而畢定，故初作大誥，次作微子之命，◇集解孔安國曰：“封命之書。”次歸禾，次嘉禾，次康誥、酒誥、梓材，◇ 集解孔安國曰：“告康叔以為政之道，亦如梓人之治材也。”其事在周公之篇。周公行政七年，成王長，周公反政成王，北面就群臣之位。
成王在豐，使召公復營洛邑，如武王之意。周公復卜申視，卒營築，居九鼎焉。曰：“此天下之中，四方入貢道裏均。”作召誥、洛誥。成王既遷殷遺民，周公以王命告，作多士、無佚。召公為保，周公為師，東伐淮夷，殘奄，◇集解鄭玄曰：“奄國在淮夷之北。 ”□正義奄音於險反。括地志雲：“泗徐城縣北三十裏古徐國，即淮夷也。兗州麯阜縣奄裏，即奄國之地也。”遷其君薄姑。◇集解馬融曰：“齊地。”□正義括地志雲：“薄姑故城在青州博昌縣東北六十裏。薄姑氏，殷諸侯，封於此，周滅之也。”成王自奄歸，在宗周，□正義伐奄歸鎬京也。作多方。◇集解孔安國曰：“告衆方天下諸侯。”既絀殷命，襲淮夷，歸在豐，作周官。◇集解孔安國曰：“言周傢設官分職用人之法。”古文尚書序，周官，書篇名。興正禮樂，度製於是改，而民和睦，頌聲興。◇集解何休曰：“頌聲者，太平歌頌之聲，帝王之高緻也。”成王既伐東夷，息慎來賀，王賜榮伯作賄息慎之命。◇集解孔安國曰：“賄，賜也。 ”馬融曰：“榮伯，周同姓，畿內諸侯，為卿大夫也。”
成王將崩，懼太子釗之不任，□正義釗音招，又古堯反。任，而針反。乃命召公、畢公率諸侯以相太子而立之。成王既崩，二公率諸侯，以太子釗見於先王廟，申告以文王、武王之所以為王業之不易，務在節儉，毋多欲，以篤信臨之，作顧命。◇集解鄭玄曰：“臨終出命，故謂之顧。顧，將去之意也。”太子釗遂立，是為康王。康王即位，遍告諸侯，宣告以文武之業以申之，作康誥。故成康之際，天下安寧，刑錯四十餘年不用。◇集解應劭曰：“錯，置也。民不犯法，無所置刑。”康王命作策畢公分居裏，成周郊，◇集解孔安國曰：“分別民之居裏，異其善惡也。成定東周郊境，使有保護也。”作畢命。
成康之治
從周成王到他的兒子周康王兩代，前後約四十七年（前1042年—前896年），是周朝強盛和統一的時期，史傢稱“成康之際，天下安寧，刑錯四十餘年不用”，歷史上叫做“成康之治”。其中在周成王在位年間，因成王年幼，主要是周公旦攝政，平定了管蔡之亂並實行封建制度，將周朝的統治擴及東方商朝人的統治舊地。
Gong Wang Fu Cheng
Bo Qin went away, asked him what his father asked. Duke said: "I am the son of King Wen of Zhou, King Wu's brother, the current emperor's uncle, how you like my position?"
Bo Qin nodded, saying that to remember his father's teachings.
Wu Geng and Guan Shu, who made the rumor, spin Gao Jing also uproar, even called the public hearing is also suspected shi up. Cheng Wang is not sensible in a small, but had no clear idea is true or false, on the aid of his uncle, but also a little letter.
It took three years of effort, the Duke of Zhou Wu Geng was finally put down the rebellion, to take the lead in rebellion Wugeng killed. Guan Shu Wu Geng of a failure to see that he saw no face to see his brother and nephew, hanged himself. Zhou Gongping set the rebellion, the Huo Shuge the post office of the Tsai Shu, a banished the crime.
Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang auxiliary power for seven years, managed to consolidate the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, he developed a set of laws and institutions. BC in 1036, King Cheng of Zhou over 2 years of age, Duke managed to hand over power to become king.
Cheng Wang few weeks, initially for the world, Duke fear princes River Week, the public administration when the country is a photo. Guan Shu and Cai Shu Kwan brothers doubt Duke of Zhou, and Wu Geng rebellion, bank weeks. Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang Ming Feng, cutting punish Wu Geng, Guan Shu, Shu Cai release. Opened on behalf of the micro sub-Yin, the State in Song. □ states also just this song. Yin other people have helped to seal labeled Wei Wu Wang Shaodi Kangshu. □ justice Shang Luo Patent saying: "I Pu Chan Shui-East, has provided Los food to home Yong, health of the public." Addition of persons preface says: "into the week things around, moved to Yin stubborn people." Note: for Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the ancient city of Luoyang, also. Including land Zhiyun: "Luoyang Luoyang County Old City in Luozhou Northeast 26, the Duke had built Serve week-cheng. Public opinion to Be My 'in weeks in the king east, twenty years before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Jing Wang to avoid sub- towards disorder, from home to this East Los Yap. Eritrea forced from their king, so by extension Quan Zhai bad '. "by: Wu Wang Mieyan States Yong, Wei Yin of the three supervisors. Wu Geng rebellion, destruction of Duke, migration, monitoring of the three people on into the week was quite the other congregation, to seal Kangshu as Wei Hou, term of the present health state is also. Kong Anguo cloud "to monitor the remaining three people, state Kangshu to Wei Hou. Duke punish the few rebels, so to master the Yin half brother" also. Tarkett TONG Shuk Jin Gu, ◇ Ji Jie Zheng Xuan said: "Two seedlings of the same ear." Offering of Cheng Wang, Cheng Wang to return the Duke on soldiers. ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said: "return to a for 'feed'." Gong subject Wo East soil, Lu Tianzi of life. ◇ Ji Jie Xu Guang said: "Book of Order cloud 'travel orders of the emperor'." First, management, Cai Crescent week to discuss the Duke three years while the complete set, it is early for big Patent, plays for micro of the child, ◇ Set Solution Kong Anguo said: "The Book of Life closed." sub-classified Wo, plays Golden Harvest, sub-Kang, wine Patent, Azusa material, ◇ Annals Kong Anguo said: "Notice to Kangshu that good administration, and as Zi-person rule material also. "being to the article in the Duke of Zhou. Duke administration for seven years, as the king long, the Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang anti-government, north of the ministers of the place.
Cheng Wang Feng, to call public business Luoyi complex, such as the meaning of King Wu. Duke, as the complex Pu Shen, Death Camp building, home Jiuding Yan. Said: "This world is among the quartet to pay tribute both hang on." As called Letters Patent, Luo Patent. As king, moved to Yin Dynasty, Duke told to Wang Ming, long on disability, not Lost. Call the public to protect the Duke as a teacher, East cutting Huaiyi, residual Um, ◇ Ji Jie Zheng Xuan said: "Um States Huaiyi the North." □ just suddenly sound in a dangerous counter. Including land Zhiyun: "Si Xu Xu Gu County north ten miles, or Huaiyi also. Yanzhou, Qufu County Um, the country is suddenly to have." Transfer Qijun Bo Gu. ◇ Annals Ma Rong said: "Qi." □ justice, including to Be My: "Bo Bo Chang Kou Old City in Qingzhou County, 60 in the Northeast. Bo Gu's, Yin princes seal this, the week off too." Cheng Wang from the Amami return, in Zongzhou, □ cutting suddenly just go Gao Jing also. For multi-party. ◇ Annals Kong Anguo said: "Notice to the public square world princes." Yin life not only tight, hit Huaiyi, go in abundance, for weeks, officials. ◇ Annals Kong Anguo said: "Words Ka-set level personnel official points of law." The Ancient Book of Order, Zhou official, written English Version. Hing is music, degree system was changed, and the people live, Chung Sheng Xing. ◇ Annals He closed saying: "Song Sheng who praises Voice of Peace, King of high induced also." Cutting into the king, Dong Yi, Shen interest to HE, Wong Chi Wing Bo Shen rate for bribes in life. ◇ Annals Kong Anguo said: "bribes, giving too." Ma Rong said: "Bo Rong, Zhou surname, Guinea princes, for Bureaucrats also."
From week to his son King Cheng King Kang of Zhou Dynasty, about forty years before and after (before 1042 - 896 years ago), is Zhouchao Jiang Sheng and unification period, historians said, "as the occasion of health, world peace, criminal wrong 40 years instead of "history called" into the health of the government. " Which in the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, the result into the young king, mainly Zhougongdan regent, put down the rebellion and implement management Cai feudal system, the rule will be extended to Eastern Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty's rule in the old way.