商代  (前1486年～前1411年)

姓：	子
名：	密
網筆號：	商中宗
開端 終結 在位 前1488年 前1411年 太戊 前1488年 前1414年 

　　太戊，姓子名密。商第9位國王（公元前1486-公元前1411）。湯五世孫，太甲孫。死後追謚為中宗。甲骨文作大太戊、天戊，為商王太庚之子，商王小甲、雍己之弟。這個太戊繼位時還是個少年，不勤於國政，整天衹圖享樂。在他繼位第七年時，王宮的庭院裏長了一棵桑樹，長棵桑樹沒什麽奇怪，奇怪的是這棵桑樹下又長出了一棵楮樹，七天的時間裏就瘋長了，長得很大。這本來是植物生長過程中的偶然現象，換現在也不作為怪，人類生的怪物都多更何況植物，可是在商代的時候人還沒有植物學知識，就把它看作是妖魔鬼怪。這個少年國王很怕。他的大臣伊陟（伊尹的兒子）就說：臣聽說妖怪勝不過德，大概大王在治理朝政上有什麽缺德之處，所以纔會出現妖怪。如果善政修道，以德治民，自會免除禍害。這太戊一聽有道理，果然一改前非，勤於朝政，修德治國。而這種不是正常生長的共生樹木，長到一定時候會自然枯死。太戊以為是自己修德治國以德壓妖的結果，就更相信了。據古書上記載太戊在位75年，是商王朝在位最長久的。太戊勤政修德，治國撫民，頗有振作。任用伊陟、巫鹹掌握國政。國政大修，各小國又紛紛歸順，商朝中興，《史記》故稱太戊在位時，舉賢人伊陟、巫鹹為丞相，天下大治，諸侯歸附。病死，葬於內黃（今河南省內黃縣南30裏處）。故後代尊稱他為中宗。 謚號景宗。
　　商中宗陵為商代第九代王太戊的陵墓，位於內黃縣城西南15公裏，商中宗陵是我國古老皇陵之一，也是我國目前唯一的一處商王陵。漢代建陵，唐代續修，宋太祖開寶七年復修，明、清多次修葺增建。
　　商中宗陵坐北面南，占地百畝，圍墻築高墻，前後分區，規模宏大，佈局奇特。前區為陵墓區，後區為祭祀區，中間甬道為中軸綫，直通拜殿，甬道東為太戊陵，西為嬪妃墓，歷代王朝祭祀不絶。陵內宋開寶七年(公元947年)所立《大宋新修商帝中宗廟碑》高聳雄偉，通高7.2米，寬1.6米，厚0.59米，由翰林梁同翰撰寫，碑有銘有序，雕刻精湛，字跡清晰，筆法變化多端，妙趣橫生，刀工嫻熟，骨刀堅凝，堪稱一絶。
　　商中宗陵是以陵寢陵園、碑碣為特色，極具歷史文化價值和旅遊觀光價值的尋根祭祀之聖地。
　　
　　政治制度
　　商中宗太戊時期，商王朝的職官有中朝任職的內服官和被封於王畿以外的外服官之別。最高的政務官，是協助商王决策的“相”，又稱“阿、保、尹”。王朝高級官吏統稱卿士。三公，則是因人而設的一種尊貴職稱、並不常設。另外有：掌占卜、祭祀、記載的“史”，掌占卜的卜、掌祈禱鬼神的祝，掌記載和保管典籍的作册（又稱守藏史、內史），武官之長的師長，樂工之長的太師、少師。
　　內服官中又分外廷政務官和內廷事務官。商中宗太戊時期，商朝政治制度的根本特點是內服與外服的劃分，生活在商周之際的周公曾經在《酒誥》中這樣概述其情況：“越在外服，侯、甸、男、衛邦伯；越在內服，百僚、庶尹、惟亞、惟服、宗工，越百姓裏居（君）。”
　　內服是商中宗太戊時期直接統治的王畿地區；外服是由邦伯所管轄的地區，這些邦伯分為侯、甸、男、衛幾種，其中許多很可能是方國部落首領而臣屬於商者。卜辭所載的侯有近50個，最著名的有倉侯、舞侯、犬侯、侯告、侯專、杞侯等。甸，卜辭稱為“田 ”，“多田（甸）”即指許多甸職官員。男，在卜辭中稱為“任”，著名者有而任、戈任、名任、盧任等。衛，作為一種武職，在卜辭中多稱為“多射衛”、“多馬衛”、“多犬衛”等，亦有單稱為“衛”者。
　　卜辭和金文所見商朝的內服官有五六十種，大致可以分為四類。一是“百僚庶尹”。包括地位很高的舊臣、老臣以及商王的近侍之臣。其中還有負責出納王命的史官。二是“惟亞惟服”。主要是與商王關係密切的軍職官員。三是“宗工”。指負責王室祭祀和某些具體事務的官員。四是“百姓裏君”。指管理地方上的諸族與普通民衆的官員。
　　內廷事務官是專為王室服務的官員，主要是總管的宰和親信的臣。臣管理王室各項具體事務，有百工之長的司工，掌糧食收藏的嗇，掌畜牧的牧正，掌狩獵的獸正，掌酒的酒正，掌王車的車正，為商王禦車的服（又稱僕、禦），侍衛武官亞，衛士亞旅，掌教育貴族子弟的國老，掌外地籍田的“畋（音‘田’tian／）老”。外服官主要有方國首領的侯、伯，有為王朝服役的男、有守衛邊境的衛。
　　
　　經濟發展
　　商中宗太戊時期在農業和手工業生産發展的基礎上，在各個生産部門內部分工日趨鞏固和日益復雜的情況下，商代的商業也有一定程度的發展。在周滅商後，據周公說在殷民中有一部分人是“肇牽車牛遠服賈，用孝養厥父母”。這些人就是從事長途販運貿易活動的商賈。
　　商中宗太戊時期商朝經濟比夏朝有很大發展的表現：農業生産規模一相當大，種植的農作物有粟，黍，稻，麥等。畜牧業發達，飼養六畜，祭祀用幾百甚至上千頭傢畜。青銅冶鑄，玉器製作和釀酒等手工業很發達。商業發展到一定水平，交易是用海貝，骨貝，玉貝和銅貝等作貨幣。商王盤庚時期，商代使用的農具，考古學界一般認為仍以石、骨及蚌製鏟、斧、鐮、刀等為主，偶爾也發現有一些銅鍤、銅鏟等青銅工具，但不一定用於農業生産。
　　甲骨文的田字，表明在廣平的原野有整治得整齊規則的大片相連的方塊熟田。甲骨文“疆理”的“疆 ”字，象徵丈量和劃出疆界的田地，“田疇”的“疇”字，像田間按行壟犁耕往返轉折，這樣的田疇當然不會耕作得很粗放。這些經過疆理整治規則耕作較好並配合有灌溉溝渠的方塊田，就是後來的井田。
　　這些田地主要分佈在都邑附近，由商王和諸侯國君直接占有，也有分配給近親貴族。其他貴族在封邑內也同樣經營這樣的田地，不過規模要小一些。在國都以外，商王經常派臣民到比較邊遠的地方去開墾土地。
　　商中宗太戊時期鑄造作坊商代手工業生産的發展，比農業更為突出。其中，青銅冶煉技術和青銅器製造工藝的高度發展，更集中反映了當時手工業技術水平和時代的特點。在殷墟和鄭州商城遺址，都發現有為王室所專用的青銅器鑄造作坊。當時，在這些作坊中都有比較細緻的分工，有世代從事生産擅長專精技藝的工匠。生産規模之大和技藝水平之高，是當時世界所罕見的。

　　Tai Wu, named sub were close. Business No. 9 King (BC 1486 - BC 1411). Tang Wushi Sun, Taijia Sun. Posthumous title for death in the cases recover. Oracle for large Tai Wu, Tin E, the son of Wang Taigeng for the business, commercial Wang a, Yong Ji's younger brother. The Tai Wu is still a juvenile when the throne is not diligent in state government, the day they only pleasure. In his seventh year in succession, the palace's courtyard, long a mulberry, mulberry trees no longer strange, strange thing is under the mulberry tree mulberry tree grew on the tree, a period of seven days on the soaring, and very big. It would have been in the process of plant growth by chance, for now is not as strange monsters are more human beings are born not to mention plants, but in the Shang Dynasty, when people have not botanical knowledge, put it as ghosts and goblins. The young king terrified. Iraqi minister of his Zhi (Yi Yin's son) said: monster win, but Robinson told German king in the management of affairs of state on about what is wicked between, thus giving rise to monsters. If good governance monasticism, with moral people, will be exempt from the scourge. This Tai Wu a sense, it really changed before the non-diligent affairs of state, virtue and moral integrity rule. And this is not the normal growth of symbiotic tree will naturally grow to a certain dead time. Tai Wu thought it was their moral virtue and moral integrity in order to pressure the country the results of demons, even believe it. According to ancient books written Tai Wu reign of 75 years, is the longest reign of the Shang Dynasty. Tai Wu diligent virtue, ask the people running the country, rather take heart. Appointed Iraqi Zhi, Wu Xian control state government. State NCCU repair, they have obeyed the small country, Shang ZTE, "Historical Records" it said Tai Wu reign, give sage Iraq Zhi, Wu Xian was the prime minister, peace and order, feudal lords join themselves. Died, buried within the yellow (now 30 miles south of Henan Province Neihuang). Therefore, in future generations were dubbed him. Posthumous name Kagemune.
　　Business in the cases of Wang Tai Wu Ling is the ninth generation of the tomb of the Shang Dynasty, is located 15 km southwest of the city Neihuang, business in the tomb of China's ancient imperial tombs were also one of only a China business now Tomb. Han Jian Ling, Tang Compilation, which brought in seven years to open rehabilitation Po, Ming and Qing many times additional repair.
　　Political system
　　Oral is a business in the period of direct rule were Tai Wu Ji areas; Foreign Service is governed by the baumber areas are divided into those baumber Hou, Austin, M, Wei several, many of which are likely to be tribal leaders and the country side Chen is operators. Hou contained inscriptions, nearly 50, most notably warehouse Hou, dance Hou, dog Hou, Hou told, Hou specifically, Qi and Hou. Austin, inscriptions known as the "field", "Tada (Austin)" refers to a number of Austin serving officials. Male, in the inscriptions known as the "office", the famous who have the responsibility, Ge office, were appointed, Lu Ren, etc.. Wei, as a military post, in many inscriptions as "multi-shot Wei", "multi-Wei Ma," "more than dogs health", which have a single called "Guardian" who.
　　Economic development
　　Oracle's field characters to show the wide flat plain with large tracts of the rules of regulation were white box attached to mature field. Oracle "Xinjiang Reason", "Xinjiang", which symbolizes the field measurement and draw boundaries, "Tian Chou" and "domain", which, like plowing the field by line from turning ridge, such Tianchou certainly not very extensive farming. These rules Regulation farming through better management of Xinjiang and the box with a field of irrigation canals is later Ida.