nèi zhàn hòu měi guó zhèng fǔ gǔ lì mín zhòng xiàng xī yí mín，
hái gǔ lì xiū zhù tiě lù，
lián jiē xī bù zhì jīng jì jiào fā dá de dōng '
àn dì qū。
tóng shí xī bù bù shǎo dì fāng zì 1850
nián dài dū fā xiàn liǎo jīn kuàng，
xī yǐn bù shǎo jū yú dōng '
àn de rén táo jīn。 1869
nián lián jiē měi guó dōng xī hǎi '
àn de tiě lù jùn gōng，
tiě lù dài gěi měi guó yuán jū mín gèng duō chōng tū，
dāng dāng dì tǔ zhù shǒu lǐng hé yí mín qiān dìng tǔ dì xié yì shí，
shuāng fāng duì xié yì nèi róng yòu bù tóng lǐ jiě。
tǔ zhù bù néng lǐ jiě yí mín de sī yòu cái chǎn lǐ niàn，
tā men rèn wéi zì jǐ néng zài tǔ dì shàng dǎ liè。
yīcháng wéi shēng cún '
ér zhàn de zhàn dǒu kāi fā liǎo，
xǔ duō tǔ zhù mǎi liǎo qiāng xiè，
xí jī yí mín zhái dì、
mǎ chē duì、
tiě lù hé měi guó qí bīng。
ér měi guó bái rén zé dà liàng tú shā tǔ zhù lài yǐ wéi shēng de yě niú，
yóu 1860
nián de 1500
wàn tóu，
dào 1885
nián zhǐ shèng xià 2000
tóu。
tǔ zhù bèi pò zài pín jí de tǔ dì shàng zhòngzhí zhuāng jià，
tā men bù xí guàn zhòngzhí，
bù néng chéng wéi měi guó gōng mín。
tǔ zhù yǔ měi jūn cháng qī zhàn dǒu，
shǐ tǔ zhù jīhū miè wáng。 1890
nián，
zuì hòu yī cì zhàn dǒu tú shā liǎo 200
duō míng sū zú rén。
bù jiǔ hòu suǒ yòu de tǔ zhù dōubèi gǎn jìn bǎo liú dì。
tǔ zhù měi zhōu rén de shēng huó fāng shì yǒng yuǎn jié shù。
zhè duàn shí jiān měi guó lì yòng qí chōng zú de rén kǒu、
guó nèi gōng yè fā zhǎn hé yī xì liè de guó jì tóu jī huó dòng，
lìng měi guó guó jì yǐng xiǎng lì xùn sù pān shēng。
zài shí jiǔ shì jì mò qī，
měi guó yǐ chéng wéi shì jiè gōng yè dà guó，
bìng chū xiàn xīn de kē jì（
rú diàn bào hé bèi sài mài (
zhuànlú )
liàn gāng fǎ），
xīng jiàn gèng dà de tiě lù wǎng luò。
zài zhè gè shí qī，
měi guó yě chéng wéi guó jì xìng cānyù zhě。
zài 1900-1903
zhēng fú liǎo chāo guò yī bǎi wàn de fěi lǜ bīn rén，
bìng tú shā liǎo dà liàng fěi lǜ bīn rén。
Reconstruction took place for most of the decade following the Civil War. During this era, the "Reconstruction Amendments" were passed to expand civil rights for black Americans. Those amendments included the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment that guaranteed citizenship for all people born or naturalized within U.S. territory, and the Fifteenth Amendment that granted the vote for all men regardless of race. While the Civil Rights Act of 1875 forbade discrimination in the service of public facilities, the Black Codes denied blacks certain privileges readily available to whites. In response to Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) emerged around the late 1860s as a white-supremacist organization opposed to black civil rights. Increasing hate-motivated violence from groups like the Klan influenced both the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1870 that classified the KKK as a terrorist group and an 1883 Supreme Court decision nullifying the Civil Rights Act of 1875; however, in the Supreme Court case United States v. Cruikshank the Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as regulating only states' decisions regarding civil rights. The case defeated any protection of blacks from terrorist attacks, as did the later case United States v. Harris. During the era, many regions of the southern U.S. were military-governed and often corrupt; Reconstruction ended after the disputed 1876 election between Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes and Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won the election, and the South soon re-entered the national political scene.
Following was the Gilded Age, a term that author Mark Twain used to describe the period of the late nineteenth century when there had been a dramatic expansion of American industry. Reform of the Age included the Civil Service Act, which mandated a competitive examination for applicants for government jobs. Other important legislation included the Interstate Commerce Act, which ended railroads' discrimination against small shippers, and the Sherman Antitrust Act, which outlawed monopolies in business. Twain believed that this age was corrupted by such elements as land speculators, scandalous politics, and unethical business practices. By century's end, American industrial production and per capita income exceeded those of all other world nations and ranked only behind Great Britain. In response to heavy debts and decreasing farm prices, farmers joined the Populist Party. Later, an unprecedented wave of immigration served both to provide the labor for American industry and create diverse communities in previously undeveloped areas. From 1880 to 1914, peak years of immigration, more than 22 million people migrated to the United States. Abusive industrial practices led to the often violent rise of the labor movement in the United States. Influential figures of the period included John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie.