měi guó qián zhí mín shí dài Pre-Columbian period   měi guó zhí mín shí dài Colonial period of the United States   měi guó zhàn zhēng American Revolutionary War   měi guó guó Formation of the United States of America   měi guó xiàng kuò zhǎn Westward expansion   měi guó nèi zhàn shí Civil War era   měi guó chóngjiàn gōng huà Reconstruction and the rise of industrialization    zhàn zhōng jué Progressivism, imperialism, and World War I   měi guó jīng xiāo tiáo Post-World War I and the Great Depression   èr zhàn zhōng de měi guó United States in World War II   lěng zhàn kāi shǐ The Cold War begins   lěng zhàn zhōng de měi guó The Counterculture Revolution and Cold War Détent   lěng zhàn jié shù The end of the Cold War   xiàn dài měi guó Modern American   běi měi yóu mào xié North American Free Trade Agreement   


  běi měi zhí mín 18 shì zhú jiàn fán shèngzài jīng shàng kāi shǐ xún qiú jiǎn shǎo duì yīng guó de làirán 'ér zhè yǐn lái yīng guó mǎnyīn wéi yīng guó wàng yòng běi měi zhí mín zuò wéi lián jià de yuán cái liào de gōng yìng shāng pǐn de qīng xiāo shì chǎngyīng guó zhèng nǎi shuài xiān bān lìng zhǔn zhí mín mín xiàng kāi tuòbìng jìn zhǐ xíng de zhǐ zài duì zhòng shuì jiě sàn huìzhè shǐ zhí mín mín dòng liǎo guī shì wēiyīng guó dāng nǎi zài 1773 nián 3 yuè 5 pài bīng shè shā fǎn kàng yīng guó de shì dùn mínzhì zào liǎo shì dùn chá shì jiàn
  
  1774 nián yīng guó dāng gèng bān liǎo 5 xiàng róng rěn de 'àn”, huà liǎo shuāng fāng de máo dùn。 1774 nián 9 yuè 5 chú zuǒ zhì zhōu wài, 12 zhí mín de dài biǎo huì xuǎn pài 56 míng dài biǎozài fèi chéng zhào kāi jiè huì tōng guò xuān yánbìng jiàn xié huìxīn yīng lán de rén mín zhì liǎo mín bīngbìng 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 tōng guò liǎo xuān yán》, zhèng shì xuān 13 zhí mín
  
   zài qiáo zhì · huá shèng dùn de dài lǐng xiàběi měi zhí mín zhě zài duì yīng guó de měi guó zhàn zhēng zhōng yíng liǎo shèng bìng qiě jiàn liǎo měi jiān zhòng guó
  
   píng tiáo yuē
  
  1783 nián měi yīng qiān shǔměi yīng tiáo yuē】 (TreatyofParis)。 yùhuì zhě chú měi yīng dài biǎo wàihái yòu guó bān dài biǎohuì tán zhōng dài biǎo shì měi fāng měi fāng yīng fāng jiāo shèzuì hòu měi guó píng děng wèi yīng guó yuē shòu guó chéng rèn
  
   měi guó zhàn zhēngyīng : AmericanWarofIndependence, 1775 nián héng 1783 nián), huò chēng měi guó mìng zhàn zhēng kāi shǐ shì zhù yào shēng yīng guó běi měi shí sān zhōu zhí mín de mìng zhě zhī jiān de yīcháng zhàn zhēngzhè chǎng zhàn zhēng zhù yào shì shǐ wèile duì kàng yīng guó de jīng zhèng dàn hòu lái què yīn wéi guó bān lán jiā zhàn zhēng duì kàng yīng guóér shǐ zhàn zhēng de fàn wéi yuǎn yuǎn chāo guò liǎo yīng shǔ běi měi zhōu zhī wàitóng shí duō yìn 'ān rén wéi shuāng fāng zhàng
  
   zài zhàn zhēng zhōngyīng guó néng gòu yòng men zài hǎi jūn shàng de yōu shì zhàn lǐng zhí mín de lín hǎi chéng shìdàn kòng zhì xiāng cūn què shǐ men kùn huòsuí zhe guó hǎi jūn zài shā chéng de shèng dǎo zhì yīng guó jūn duì zài 1781 nián de yuē zhèn wéi chéng zhàn zhōng tóu jiàng。 1783 nián dìng dìng de tiáo yuē chéng rèn liǎo měi jiān zhòng guó de yīn wéi duō zhí mín de mín táo shí sān zhí mín bìng zài běi fāng 'ān dùn xià láizhè chǎng zhàn zhēng tóng shí wèile hòu jiā de jiàn zuò zhǔn bèi
  
   suī rán měi guó mìng bāo hán liǎo zhàn zhēng qián hòu zhèng zhì shè huì de zhǎndàn měi guó mìng zhàn zhēng měi guó mìng zhè liǎng huì cháng bèi huàn zhù shǐ yòngzhè zhǐ jūn shì fāng miàn de huó dòng guǒ yào gèng guǎng fàn de kàn bāo hán yuán shì hòu de yǐng xiǎngqǐng cān kǎo měi guó mìng
  
   fǎn kàng bào zhèng
  
   yīng guó kāi hǎi wài zhí mín láiwèile wéi yīng guó běn de lǒng duàn bān liǎo xiē xiàn zhì zhí mín jīng zhǎn de lìng háng hǎi tiáo 》。 suí zhe běi měi zhí mín shēn zhǎnzhí mín rén mín yuè lái yuè wàng jiǎn duì yīng guó běn de làixún qiú zhǎn shēn de jīng rán 'érzhè què yǐn liǎo yīng guó dāng de mǎnyīn wéi yīng guó dāng wàng běi měi zhí mín néng chōng dāng lián jià de yuán cái liào gōng yìng shāng pǐn qīng xiāo de shì chǎngyīn yīng guó dāng kāi shǐ cǎi hěn duō gāo zhèng 'è zhí mín jīng de yóu zhǎnyīng guó dāng shǒu xiān bān lìng zhǔn zhí mín mín xiàng kāi tuòbìng jìn zhǐ xíng de zhǐ zài duì zhòng shuì jiě sàn huìzhè shǐ zhí mín mín gǎn dào qiáng liè mǎnbìng dòng liǎo guī de yóu xíng shì wēirán 'éryīng guó dāng dàn zuò huìgèng zài 1773 nián 3 yuè 5 pài zhù běi měi yīng jūn kāi qiāng shè shā fǎn kàng yīng guó dāng bào zhèng de shì dùn mínzhì zào liǎo shì dùn chá shì jiàn”, shǐ zhí mín mín yuàn fèi téng。 1774 nián yīng guó dāng gèng bān liǎo 5 xiàng róng rěn de 'àn”, huà liǎo shuāng fāng de máo dùn。 1774 nián 9 yuè 5 chú zuǒ zhì wài, 12 zhí mín de dài biǎo huì xuǎn pài 56 míng dài biǎo zài fèi chéng zhào kāi jiè huì tōng guò xuān yánbìng jiàn xié huìxīn yīng lán de rén mín zhì liǎo mín bīng zhū sài de dài biǎo huì rèn mìng J. hàn kǎo wéi 'ān quán wěi yuán huì zhù
  
   zhàn shì kāi shǐ héng héng liè xīng dūn de qiāng shēng
  
  1775 nián 4 yuè 18 yīng guó zhù zhū sài de zǒng tuō · gài jiāng jūn dāng mín bīng zài shì dùn 21 yīng de kāng shè yòu suì chū dòng 800 míng yīng jūn bēn kāng sōu zhí mín mín bīng de bìng bìng gāi detōng xùn wěi yuán huìchéng yuándàn què bèi zhí mín mín bìng tōng zhī liǎo mín bīng zhì fēn zhōng rén”。 fēn zhōng rén zhī xiāo hòudāng wǎn pài rén chí liè xīng dūn kāng bào xìnbìng zuò chū fáng wèi, 4 yuè 19 qīng chén, 5 shí zuǒ yòuyīng jūn zāo dào liè xīng dūn de mín bīng lányīng jūn rán kāi huǒmín bīng fáng shāng shí duō rénsuí hòu mín bīng yīng jūn zài zhèng shì jiāo huǒměi guó zhàn zhēng qiāng zhèng shì xiǎngjiēguǒ yīng jūn sǔn shī 273 rénér zhí mín mín bīng sǔn shī 93 rén。 8 yuè 23 yīng wáng xuān zhí mín mín de fǎn kàng yùn dòng wéi fēi bìng shēng yánnìngkě yào tóu shàng de wáng guān jué huì fàng zhàn zhēng”。 12 yuè 22 yīng guó dāng zhèng shì chū bīng 5 wàn zhèn zhí mín mín bīng。 1775 nián 6 yuè 15 'èr jiè huì xíngbìng jué dìng zhí mín mín jiàn zhèng guī de jūnqiáo zhì · huá shèng dùn wéi jūn zǒng lìngběi měi zhàn zhēng quán miàn zhǎn kāihuá shèng dùn shuài lǐng jūn cǎi chí jiǔ zuò zhàn xiāo hào yīng jūn de lüè yīng jūn zhǎn kāi cháng de zuò zhàn
   zhuāng jiē duàn
  
   liè xīng dūn kāng zhàn dǒu hòu jūn wéi jiě chú yīng jūn néng yóu jiā zhí xià niǔ yuēkòng zhì hǎdé xùn liú de wēi xiéyuǎn zhēng jiā 。 1775 nián 11 yuè 12 zhàn lǐng méng 'ěr。 1776 nián chū jìn gōng kuí běi shī zuì hòu tuì chū jiā yóu jūn chū jiā yīng guó bèi jiāng bàn shù jūn duì liú zhù jiā zhàn dǒu bèi xuē ruòzài shì dùnyīng jūn bèi wéi kùn 11 yuè zhī jiǔbìng 1776 nián 3 yuè bèi chè chū。 6 yuè jūn zài nán fāng tuì yīng jūn duì nán luó lái de chá 'ěr dùn de jìn gōngfěn suì yīng jūn zài nán fāng jiàn de huì 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 tōng guò liǎo xuān yán》, zhèng shì xuān 13 zhí mín
   jiē duàn héng héng zhàn lüè fáng jiē duàn
  
   cóng 1775 nián 4 yuè zhì 1777 nián 10 yuèshì běi měi zhí mín mín de zhàn lüè fáng jiē duànzài zhè jiē duànběi wéi zhù yào zhàn chǎngyīng jūn cǎi zhù dòng gōng shì。 1775 nián 6 yuè 17 yīng jūn shì dùn mín bīng zài diāo bǎo shān jìn xíng shǒu zhàn dǒu。 1776 nián 7 yuè 4 běi měi zhí mín zhèng shì xuān tuō yīng guó 'ér měi guó zhèng shì chéng 。 1776 nián 8 yuèwēi lián · háo jiē gài rèn yīng jūn tǒng shuài 3.2 wàn bīng jìn gōng niǔ yuēyīng jūn shǒu xiān zài cháng dǎo dēng jīng guò zhànměi fāng shāng 1500 rényīng fāng shāng wáng dào 400 rénwéi miǎn quán jūn fùmòměi jūn tuì wéi jìnzhù dòng fàng niǔ yuē。 1776 nián 9 yuè 26 yīng jūn zhàn lǐng liǎo fèi chénghuá shèng dùn bèi shuài jūn tuì shǒu fèi chéng jìn de ( ) guò dōng
  
   zài zhàn zhēng 2 jiē duànměi jūn gōng de jūn zhī duì de zhàn shù lái bǎi tuō suǒ chù de bèi dòng jìng 。 1776 nián 12 yuè 25 wǎnhuá shèng dùn shuài lǐng měi jūn héng huá lún dùn de hēi sēn yōng jūn de bīng yíngbìng zài 1777 nián 1 yuè 3 kuì zài lín dùn de yīng jūn 3 tuán
  
   yīng jūn zài kòng zhì liǎo zhòng yào chéng shì hǎi 'àn xiàn hòu zhàn jué。 1777 nián 7 yuè yīng jūn bīng fēn sān gōng wǎng 'ào 'ěr qiē duàn zhí mín duì wài lián dàn · shèng lāi jié zài huò zāo mín bīng tuì huí jiā yuē hàn · yīn tǒng shuài de běi yīng jūn yuē 7200 rén yán shàng lún běi shàngdào sūn shàng yóu pài wǎng méng de zhī 1000 rén de fēn qiǎn duìzài bǎi níng dùn bèi méng shān qīng nián yǒng jūn quán jiān yīn xíng dòng chí huǎncóng méng 'ěr nán xià shí dào xīn yīng lán mín bīng de qiáng liè kàngbìng zài 9 yuè 19 màn nóng zhuāng 10 yuè 7 bèi gāo de liǎng zhàn dǒu zhōng cǎn bàijiēguǒ bèi tuì wǎng tuō jiāměi jūn 3 bèi bīng bāo wéi gāi de yīng jūn yīn zài zhànbèi 10 yuè 17 shuài lǐng 5700 míng yīng jūn tóu jiàng tuō jiā jié gǎi biàn měi guó zhàn zhēng de xíng shìshǐ jūn kāi shǐ zhǎng zhàn lüè zhù dòng quán
   'èr jiē duàn héng héng zhàn lüè xiāng chí jiē duàn
  
   cóng 1777 nián 10 yuè zhì 1781 nián 3 yuèshuāng fāng jìn zhàn lüè xiāng chí jiē duànzhù zhàn chǎng xiàng nán měi guó kāi shǐ zài guó wài jiāo shàng huò yōu shì guó bān lán xiāng jiā zhàn zhēngxié zhù měi jūn duì kàng yīng jūn。 1778 nián 2 yuè guó zhèng shì chéng rèn měi guóbìng dìng jūn shì tóng méng。 1778 nián 6 yuè guó duì yīng guó xuān zhàn, 1779 nián 6 yuè bān guó jié lián méng guó tóng méng zhě shēn fèn zài hǎi shàng cān jiā fǎn yīng zhàn zhēng。 1780 nián 12 yuè lán jiā zhàn zhēngduì yīng xuān zhànyīng guó zài guó shè huì bèi zhòng liè qiáng bìng bèi zài 'ōuměi sān zhōu tóng shí zuò zhànyīngměi shuāng fāng liàng píng héngyīng jūn dān xīn guó jiàn duì fēng suǒ huá shì chè chū fèi chéng zhōng bīng tuì shǒu niǔ yuē chéng。 1778 niánhēng · lín dùn jiē háo rèn yīng jūn tǒng shuàiyīng jūn zhàn lǐng zuǒ zhì zhōu shǒu fán dàn zài 1779 nián 9 yuè què fǎn bèi měi lián jūn bāo wéi。 1780 nián chūn tiānyīng jūn jìn wéi chá 'ěr dùngāi nián 5 yuè yīng jūn chéng gōng jiàng bèi wéi de nán fāng měi jūn lín dùn wéi nán fāng shèng dìngshuài jūn fǎn huí niǔ yuēpài chá 'ěr · kāng shǒu chá 'ěr dùnrán 'ér 1781 nián 1 yuè nán fāng měi jūn què chéng gōng yǐn yòu yīng jūn zhì jīn shān kǎo péng bìng jiāng wéi jiāngāi nián 3 yuè yīng jūn zài běi luó lái zhōu de 'ěr bèi měi jūn bàigāi nián 4 yuè kāng tǒng shuài yīng jūn xiàng běi chè zhì ér měi jūn yóu lín tǒng shuàihuī shī nán xià shōu liǎo chú fán 'ěr dùn zhī wài de quán nán fāng guó zhàn zhì shíyīng jūn jiàn bài
   sān jiē duàn héng héng zhàn lüè fǎn gōng jiē duàn
  
   cóng 1781 nián 4 yuè zhì 1783 nián 9 yuèshì měi jūn de zhàn lüè fǎn gōng jiē duàn。 1781 nián 4 yuè jūn kāi shǐ zhàn lüè fǎn gōng 'ěr · lín shuài lǐng jūn nán xià zhuǎn zhàn nán luó lái shǐ yīng jūn tuì shǒu hǎi 'àn xiànkāng 4 yuè 25 běi shàng zhuī hóu jué shuài lǐng de zhī jūndàn bǎi tuō liǎo yīng jūn de zhuī 。 1781 nián 8 yuèkāng tǒng shuài 7000 míng yīng jūn shǒu de yuē zhèn。 1781 nián 8 yuè měi lián jūn yóu huá shèng dùn tǒng shuàinán xià ér zēng yuán de guó jiàn duì zài guó hǎi jūn lìng jué shuài lǐng xià yóu yìn qún dǎo diào láijìn qiē wānjìn yuē zhèn chéng wài de hǎi miànbìng qiě tuì liǎo zēng yuán de yīng guó jiàn duìzhǎng liǎo zhì hǎi quán。 9 yuè 28 huá shèng dùn jūn luó shàng jué jūn zài wéi hóu jué jūn huì měi lián jūn gòng 1.7 wàn rén wán chéng liǎo duì yuē zhèn de wéikāng tuìzhǐ 1781 nián 10 yuè 17 měi lián jūn jìn xíng tóu jiàng tán pàn。 10 yuè 19 zhù shǒu yuē zhèn de yīng jūn gòng 8000 rén zhèng shì tóu jiàng hòushuāng fāng zhǐ yòu shù hǎi shàng shàng de líng xīng zhàn dǒu zhàn shì zhì tíng zhǐyuē zhèn wéi chéng zhàn zhī hòuyīng guó huì bèi zàn chéng , 1782 nián 11 yuè 30 yīng měi liǎng guó qiān shǔměi yīng yuēde cǎo 'àn, 1783 nián 9 yuè 3 měi guó chéng wéi měi zhōu shǒu guó jiā
   yǐng xiǎng
  
   měi guó zhàn zhēng wéi shì jiè shǐ shàng shǒu zhí mín mín bài zōng zhù guó bìng huò de zhàn zhēngzài guó de yuán zhù xià 8 nián de shí jiān, 300 wàn de rén kǒu bài liǎo yōng yòu 800 wàn rén kǒu de guó yīng guózài hěn chéng shàng liǎo měi zhōu zhí mín de rén míntuī dòng liǎo hòu de dīng měi zhōu zhàn zhēngměi guó zài tuō yīng guó hòu jīng jūn shì xùn zhǎnhěn kuài biàn yuè shēng wéi shì jiè zhù yào qiáng guó zhī lìng wàiměi guó yóumín zhù de xiǎng yóu guó de jūn duì dài huí jiā xiāng -- guójiànjiē yǐn guó mìngměi guó zhàn zhēng shì shì jiè shǐ shàng guī de zhí mín zhēng mín de zhàn zhēng de shèng gěi yīng guó de zhí mín kāi liǎo quē kǒuwéi zhí mín mín jiě fàng zhàn zhēng shù liǎo fàn zhàn zhēng yòu shì chǎn jiē mìng tuī fān liǎo yīng guó de zhí mín tǒng zhìchuàng zào liǎo měi jiān zhòng guótóng shí yòu chǎn chú liǎo zhí mín shí fēng jiàn cán de zhǎngzǐ chéng xiàn dìng dài shuì yuē zhì běn shàng fèi chúcóng 'ér jiě fàng liǎo shēng chǎn wéi měi guó běn zhù de zhǎn kāipì liǎo kuān guǎng de dào mìng jiā liè níng yán:“ xiàn dài de wén míng de měi guó de shǐshì yóu wěi dezhēn zhèng jiě fàng dezhēn zhèng mìng de zhàn zhēng kāi shǐ de。”
  
   měi guó zhàn zhēng de shèng duì 'ōu zhōu chǎn jiē mìng liǎo tuī dòng zuò yòngměi guó zhàn zhēng méi yòu jiě jué wèn méi yòu jiě jué zhì wèn shǐ hòu de měi guó nán běi fāng cháo zhe liǎng zhǒng tóng de jīng dào zhǎnzuì zhōng dǎo zhì měi guó nèi zhàn de bào


  The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also sometimes known as the American War of Independence, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen united former British colonies in North America, and concluded in a global war between several European great powers. The war was the culmination of the political American Revolution, whereby the colonists rejected the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them without representation, claiming that this violated the Rights of Englishmen. In 1775, revolutionaries gained control of each of the thirteen colonial governments, set up the Second Continental Congress, and formed a Continental Army. Petitions to the king to intervene with the parliament on their behalf resulted in Congress being declared traitors and the states in rebellion the following year. The Americans responded by formally declaring in 1776 their independence as a new nation, the United States of America, claiming sovereignty and rejecting any allegiance to the [[British monarchy]. Although France had been providing supplies, ammunition and weapons to the rebels beginning in 1776, the Continentals' capture of a British army in 1777 led France to formally enter the war on the side of the United States in early 1778, which evened the military strength with Britain. Spain and the Dutch Republic – French allies – also went to war with Britain over the next two years.
  
  Throughout the war, the British were able to use their naval superiority to capture and occupy coastal cities, but control of the countryside (where 90% of the population lived) largely eluded them because of the relatively small size of their land army. French involvement proved decisive, with a French naval victory in the Chesapeake leading at Yorktown in 1781 to the surrender of a second British army. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris ended the war and recognized the sovereignty of the United States over the territory bounded by what is now Canada to the north, Florida to the south, and the Mississippi River to the west.

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