gǔ bā bǐ lún（
yuē qián 30
shì jì － qián 729
nián）
wèi yú měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà píng yuán，
dà zhì zài dāng jīn de yī lā kè gòng hé guó bǎn tú nèi，
zài jù jīn yuē 5000
nián qián zuǒ yòu，
zhè lǐ de rén men jiàn lì liǎo guó jiā，
dào gōng yuán qián 18
shì jì ． zhè lǐ chū xiàn liǎo gǔ bā bǐ lún wáng guó。
“ měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà ” héng《
shèng jīng》
chēng wéi“
yī diàn yuán”，
shì gǔ xī là yǔ，
yì wéi“
liǎng tiáo hé zhōng jiān de dì fāng”，
gù yòu chēng wéi liǎng hé liú yù。
liǎng hé zhǐ de shì yòu fā lā dǐ hé hé dǐ gé lǐ sī hé。
zài zhè píng yuán shàng fā zhǎn liǎo shì jiè shàng dì yī gè chéng shì，
sòng bù liǎo dì yī bù fǎ diǎn，
liú chuán zuì zǎo de shǐ shī、
shén huà、
yào diǎn、
nóng rén lì shū děng，
shì xī fāng wén míng de yáo lán。
liǎng hé wén míng
liǎng hé liú yù mù qián fā xiàn de zuì zǎo de gǔ wén míng jù jīn yǐ yòu 6000
duō nián。
suī rán bā bǐ lún xiàn yǐ xiāo shī，
dàn qí yǐng xiǎng（
yóu qí zōng jiào fāng miàn）
què hěn duō liú cún zhì jīn。
chéng wéi sì dà wén míng gǔ guó zhī yī shí zài dāng zhī wú kuì。
bā bǐ lún wén míng dà zhì yǐ jīn tiān de bā gé dá chéng wéi jiè，
fēn wéi nán běi liǎng bù fēn。
běi bù yǐ gǔ yà shù chéng wéi zhōng xīn，
chēng wéi xī lǐ xī yà，
huò jiǎn chēng yà shù；
nán bù yǐ bā bǐ lún chéng wéi zhōng xīn，
chēng wéi bā bǐ lún ní yà，
yì sī wéi“
bā bǐ lún de guó tǔ”。
bā bǐ lún ní yà yòu fēn wéi liǎng gè dì qū，
nán bù kào jìn bō sī wān kǒu de dì qū wéi sū měi '
ěr，
sū měi '
ěr yǐ běi dì qū wéi '
ā kǎ dé，
liǎng dì jū mín fēn bié bèi chēng wéi sū měi '
ěr rén hé '
ā kǎ dé rén。
měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà wén míng zuì chū jiù shì yóu sū měi '
ěr rén chuàng zào chū lái de。
sū měi '
ěr jīhū hé gǔ '
āi jí rén tóng shí fā míng liǎo wén zì。
tā men yòng xiāojiān de lú wěi zuò bǐ，
bǎ wén zì kè zài ní pēi shàng，
rán hòu bǎ ní pēi hōng gān，
chéng wéi ní bǎn。
yóu yú zhè zhǒng wén zì xíng zhuàng chéng jiān pī xíng，
suǒ yǐ bèi chēng wéi xiē xíng wén zì。
jiàn guó
gōng yuán qián 2006
nián，
ā mó lì rén rù qīn liǎng hé liú yù，
cuī huǐ liǎo '
ā kǎ dé rén hé sū měi '
ěr rén jiàn lì de wū '
ěr dì sān wáng cháo。
gōng yuán qián 1894
nián zuǒ yòu，
ā mó lì rén jiàn lì qǐ yī gè yǐ yòu fā lā dǐ hé hé pàn de bā bǐ lún chéng wéi shǒu dū de wáng cháo。
cóng nà shí qǐ，
měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà jiù bèi chēng wéi“
bā bǐ lún ní yà”，
nà lǐ suǒ yòu jū mín dōubèi chēng wéi bā bǐ lún rén。
hàn mó lā bǐ fǎ diǎn
gǔ bā bǐ lún wáng guó shí qī shì liǎng hé liú yù lì shǐ shàng zuì huī huáng de shí qī zhī yī。
zhè gè guó jiā chū xiàn liǎo yī wèi zhù míng de jūn zhù－
hàn mó lā bǐ。
hàn mó lā bǐ yòng wǔ lì tǒng yī liǎo liǎng hé liú yù hòu，
jiàn lì liǎo yī gè zhōng yāng jí quán de zhuān zhì guó jiā。
tā gè rén jí zōng jiào、
jūn shì、
xíng zhèng、
sī fǎ hé shuǐ lì jiàn shè děng gè zhǒng dà quán yú yī shēn。
wèile gèng yòu xiào de tǒng zhì zì jǐ de guó jiā，
tā bān bù liǎo zhù míng de《
hàn mó lā bǐ fǎ diǎn》。
fǎ diǎn gòng 282
tiáo，
kè zài yī kuài gāo 2.25
mǐ de hēi sè xuán wǔ yán shí zhù shàng，
shì qì jīn fā xiàn de zuì zǎo wán bèi chéng wén de fǎ diǎn。
miè wáng
gǔ bā bǐ lún wáng guó zài hàn mù lā bǐ tǒng zhì shí qī dá dào jí shèng，
dàn shì hàn mù lā bǐ sǐ hòu，
dì guó jiù wǎ jiě liǎo。
wáng guó xiān hòu shòu dào hè tī rén、
jiā xǐ tè rén de rù qīn，
zhí dào gōng yuán qián 729
nián zhōng yú bèi yà shù dì guó tūn bìng。
Babylonia was a civilization in Lower Mesopotamia (central and southern Iraq), with Babylon as its capital. Babylonia emerged when Hammurabi (fl. ca. 1696 – 1654 BC, short chronology) created an empire out of the territories of the former kingdoms of Sumer and Akkad. The Amorites being a Semitic people, Babylonia adopted the written Semitic Akkadian language for official use, and retained the Sumerian language for religious use, which by that time was no longer a spoken language. The Akkadian and Sumerian cultures played a major role in later Babylonian culture, and the region would remain an important cultural center, even under outside rule.
The earliest mention of the city of Babylon can be found in a tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad, dating back to the 23rd century BC.
Following the collapse of the last Sumerian "Ur-III" dynasty at the hands of the Elamites (2002 BC traditional, 1940 BC short), the Amorites gained control over most of Mesopotamia, where they formed a series of small kingdoms. During the first centuries of what is called the "Amorite period", the most powerful city states were Isin and Larsa, although Shamshi-Adad I came close to uniting the more northern regions around Assur and Mari. One of these Amorite dynasties was established in the city-state of Babylon, which would ultimately take over the others and form the first Babylonian empire, during what is also called the Old Babylonian Period.