shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu Prehistoric Europe   zǎo 'é luó Early Russia   liú wáng cháo Rurik Dynasty    luó Kievan Rus   luó màn nuò wáng cháo House of Romanov   jìn xiàn dài 'é luó   é luó lián bāng Russian Federation   


   luó ( KievanRus), yòu míng luó luó guóshì yóu 880 nián zhì 12 shì zhōng wéi shǒu dōng rén wéi zhù de zǎo guó jiā
  
   gēn shǐ xué shǐ de guān diǎn luó bèi rèn wéi shì sān xiàn dài dōng rén guó jiābái 'é luó é luó lánde qián shēn 'ěr shì · wéi tuō wéi de 'ér luó tǒng zhì de shí bèi rèn wéi shì de huáng jīn shí dāng shí men jiē liǎo dōng zhèng jiào chuàng liǎo dōng diǎn( RusskayaPravda)。
  
   yuán
  
   yuē zài 8 zhì 9 shì dōng rén zhàn zhēng pín fánzài 862 nián nuò màn rén liú de jūn duì zhàn liǎo nuò luó bìng dēng shàng gōng de bǎo zuòjiàn liǎo luó wáng guó。 879 nián liú shìào liè rèn wáng gōng bìng nán zhēng lēng luò 。 882 nián zhàn lǐng bìng qiān luó gōng guó shí zhèng shì zhǎn kāi
  
   zǎo zài gōng yuán 1 shì zài zhōngdōng 'ōu de niè ào wéi liú biàn zhù zhe liǎo rénzhì 6 shì rén fēn wéi dōng rén rén nán réndōng rén fēn zài niè zhōngshàng yóuào 'ěr jiā shàng yóu wéi dàichéng wéi 'é luó rénbái 'é luó rén lán rén de xiāndào liǎo gōng yuán 7、 8 shì dōng rén yòu liǎng zhǔn guó jiā zhì wéi zhōng xīn de nuò luó wéi zhōng xīn de wéi 。 862 niányóu wéi luò luò wéi zhēng duó quán 'ér nèi zhàn xiūshǐ jīng jìn shì shāng xún zhǎo wèi wáng gōng lái zhì cái jué jiū fēnzài men yǎn zhōngzhù zài běi 'ōu kān de wéi de liáng rén luó rénjīng míng néng gānzhì jǐng rán shì yāo qǐng liáng rén shǒu lǐng liú dāng men gōngliú wáng cháo yóu kāi shǐ。 879 niánliú shēn wáng gōng zhī wèi yóu 'ào liè jiē zhǎngào liè rèn wéi nuò luó shì piān zhǎn nán fāng de 。 882 nián shuài bīng nán xiàshǒu xiān zhàn lǐng liǎo lēng liǔ bié rán hòu nán xià ào liè dìng chēng wéi zhū luó chéng shì zhī zhī hòu zhēng zhōu wéi de luòjiāng dōng rén luò de luò wén rén wéi rén liè 'ān rénxiè wéi 'ān rén rén fēi rén de mài rénwéi rén chǔ rén zhì kòng zhì zhī xiàzhè yàng biàn xíng chéng liǎo wéi zhōng xīn de guó jiāshǐ chēng luó
  
   luó zài gōng yuán shí sān shì bèi jīn zhàng hàn guó zhàn lǐng
  
  ×1223 nián měnggǔ jūn duì zài hàné : Баты) de dài lǐng xià zhēn chá luó luó gōng cháng de chóu luò rén chéng lián méngzài 'ěr 'àn hàn guó zhēn chá jūn duì jiāo fēngyóu luó gōng guó gōng duì měnggǔ hàn guó liǎo jiězài jiā shàng nèi bèi bāo wéi hòu jiān miè, 5 wèi gōng zhèn wángsuí hòu měnggǔ jūn 1237 nián 'ěr 'ěr gōng guó shǒu 'ěr 'ěrjīng guò gōng guó jìng nèi zhé huí bǔjǐyòu zài 1239 nián chóngxīn qīn lüè luó guò jìngzài 1240 nián zhàn lǐng dài biǎo zhe měnggǔ 240 nián tǒng zhì de kāi shǐ。 × shàng liào lái 'é luó 10 nián lián bāng jiào shūjiào shū biān zhě А.Н.Сахаров)


  Kievan Rus' (Old East Slavic Рѹ́сь IPA: [rusĭ], Greek: Ρωσία, Latin: Russia, Ruthenia, Belarusian: Кіеўская Русь, Russian: Ки́евская Русь, romanised: Kievskaya Rus’, IPA: [rusʲ], Ukrainian: Ки́ївська Русь), usually written simply Kievan Rus and sometimes Kyivan Rus', was a medieval state which existed from approximately 880 to the middle of the 13th century. Founded by the Scandinavian traders (Varangians) called "Rus'" and centered in the city of Kiev (now the capital of Ukraine), Rus' polity is widely considered an early predecessor of three modern East Slavic nations: Belarusians, Russians, and Ukrainians, although attempts to nationalize the medieval state's history are common among historians from the three countries.
  
  The reigns of Vladimir the Great (980–1015) and his son Yaroslav I the Wise (1019–1054) constitute the Golden Age of Kiev, which saw the acceptance of Christianity and the creation of the first East Slavic written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda. The early leaders of Rus' were most likely a Scandinavian warrior-elite that ruled a majority of Slavic subjects. Scandinavians gradually intermarried and merged with the Slavic population — the third known ruler of Rus', Sviatoslav I, Rurik's grandson, already has a Slavic name. Michael Psellus asserts that Scandinavians continued to remain in control until at least the mid-11th century. The state's power gradually fell due to the decline of Constantinople, the drying up of troude routes, and the subsequent Mongol invasion of Rus'.

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