shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu Prehistoric Europe    dài zhì German Early History   zhōng shì de zhì Medieval Germany    zhì mín guó jiā de jiàn Building of Germany    zhì guó shí German Reich    cuì guó Nazi Germany   èr zhàn hòu guó Post-war Germany since 1945    zhì lián bāng gòng guó Federal Republic of Germany   

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ā dào · Adolf Hitler1934nián1945nián12nián
yuē hàn · wéi · · shí wèi lín · féng · luò yuē hàn · wéi ·“ ” · · shí wèi lín · féng · luò Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk1945nián1945nián1nián

   cuì guó( NaziDeutschland), zhèng shì guó míng wéi zhì guó( DasDeutscheReich)。 wèile 'èr guó fēn yòu chēng wéi zhì guó( GroßdeutschesReich), dāng shí guó zhèng de xuān chuán chēng sān guó( DrittesReich)。 zhǐ 1933 nián 1 yuè 30 zhì 1945 nián 5 yuè 8 zài 'ā dào · de suǒ wèi guó jiā shè huì zhù cuì zhù quán tǒng zhì xià de guó
  
   guó jiā shè huì zhù
  
   guó jiā shè huì zhù bān yòu chēng zuò cuì zhù cuì ( Nazi) shì guó jiā shè huì zhù zhě”( Nationalsozialist) de jiǎn chēngyuán shì guó guó jiā shè huì zhù gōng rén dǎng( NationalsozialistischeDeutscheArbeiterpartei, NSDAP, jiǎn chēng guó shè dǎngde dǎng yuán yōng zhějīn tiān zài 'ōu zhōu bié shì zài guó fàn zhǐ bān yòu zhù zhě
  
   cuì guóā dào · jūn guó zhù de běnzhāo tiān huáng rén zhù de běn tuō · suǒ jié chéng bólín - luó - dōng jīng zhóu xīn tóng méng tuánshì 'èr shì jiè zhàn bào de dòng zhě
   diǎn
  
   cuì zhèng quán de diǎn shì zhèng zhì shàng kòng zhì shè huì de qiē fāng miàn héng héng huà, Gleichschaltung), zhuī qiú zhǒng 'ān rénběi 'ōu bái zhǒng rén)、 shè huì wén huà dechún jìng”。 cuì dǎng tōng guò hài rèn dìng wéi chún de shì lái dào mùdì bié zhēn duì shǎo shù rén qún yóu tài rén sài réntóng xìng liàn zhě zhèng zhì rénzhè shí de zhèng zhì fǎn duì pàicān jiàn guó kàng yùn dòng
  
   zhè zhǒng hài zài zhèng quán de zuì hòu nián zhōng dào liǎo gāo fēng yuē liù bǎi wàn yóu tài rén qiān wàn rén zhǒng yàng de rén bèi yòu zhì shā hàizhè zhǒng zhǒng miè jué de zuì xíng zài yīng zhōng chēng wéi Holocaust( wéi shā”), zài lái zhōng chēng wéi Shoah, cuì wěi wǎn de zài zhōng chēng wéizuì zhōng jiě jué fāng 'àn”( Endlösung, bān chēng shā yóu tài rén jiàozuì zhōng jiě jué”)。
  
   cuì dǎng zhì liǎo hùn zhǒng zhí néng dejīng yīng zhìhéng héng dǎng wèi duì (Schutzstaffel, suō xiě SS, biāo zhì wéi liǎng shǎn diàn xíng de S), zhōng bāo hán zhǔn zōng jiào zhí néngqíng bào gòu zhí néngzhǔn jǐng chá zhí néng zhī zhuāng liàngchēng zuò zhuāng dǎng wèi duìděngzhè zhī duì yuán běn yóu jīng guò yán tiǎo xuǎn yòu 'ān xuè tǒng de rén chéngdàn hòu suí zhe shì 'è huà 'ér chéngfèn hùn ), hào chēng cuì zhuāng liàng zhōng de jīng yīngzài zhàn zhēng hòu cháng cháng chōng dāng zhàn chǎng xiāo fáng yuán de juésè
   sān guó de yuán
  1942 nián de cuì guó
  
  “ sān guó yuán shì shén xué jiā luó lún jiào pài chuàng shǐ rén yóu 'ā xīng fěi 'ào léi ( JoachimvonFiores) zhōng shì shén xué jiā duì shèng jīng jīng wén de jiě shìyuán chū shì zhǐshèng zhī guó”( ReichdesVaters)、“ shèng zhī guó”( ReichdesSohnes) zhī hòu deshèng líng zhī guó”( ReichdesheiligenGeistes), shàng zhěng jiù shì jiè hòuwán měi jìn zhǐyóu shèng shèng shèng líng tǒng zhì wéi wáng de sān jiē duàn shén guó( Reich)。
  
   dào liǎo jìn dài, " sān guó " de gài niàn tuō shén xué lǐng ér bèi yùn yòng zài làng màn zhù wén xué shèn zhì bǎo shǒu zhèng zhì mìng zhōng。 1923 nián 'ā · · fán dēng ( ArthurMoellervandenBruck) zài sān guó shū zhōng zhù zhāng chuàng jiàn dài wèi gòng guótóng shí zài chuán tǒng shàng shén shèng luó guó guó yóu shì zhù dǎo jiàn de zhì guó 'èr guó mài xiāng chéng de xīn guó jiāzhè gài niàn zài wèi gòng guó shí dài bèi fǎn mín zhù fèn jìn yòu pài tuán bāo kuò cuìguǎng wéi yǐn yòng
  
   gēn běn yóu wèi bǎo shǒu pài zuò jiā (ArthurMoellervandenBruck) suǒ xiě de shūshén shèng luó guó shì guó ,1871-1918 shì guó wéi 'èr guó rèn wéi wèi gòng guó zài 1919 nián de shī bài hòu guó rén yào wéi guó zhòng duó róng yàojiàn sān guó”。
   shì
  * wēi gòng guóbāo kuò zhì shǐ 1933 nián bèi rèn mìng wéi guó zǒng de shì jiàn
  * huà cuì jiàn cái de shǒu duàn
  * cuì guó de zhǒng zhèng shì zhèng de shǐ
  * 'èr shì jiè zhànjūn shì shì jiàn wéi zhōng xīn
  
   zhàn qián zhèng 1933-1939
  
   shì jiè zhàn de 'é péi kuǎn shǐ wèi gòng guó zhī mín zhù gòng zhèng dānzhī hòu zāo de jīng xiāo tiáo wèi néng jiě jué shī shè huì wèn zuǒ pài shì bīng gōng rén de bào dòng), shǐ duō guó rén zhuànxiàng zhī chí yòu zhī cuì dǎng shǔ yòu zhōng zhī zhī chéng nuò jiǎn shǎo shī rén kǒu duì jīng wén huà jūn shì jìn xíng gǎi zài 1933 nián 1 yuè 30 wèi gòng guó 'èr rèn zǒng tǒng bǎo luó · féng · xīng dēng bǎo rèn mìng wéi guó zǒng
   tǒng shì
  
   zài 1933 nián 2 yuè 27 guó huì zòng huǒ 'àn hòu shēng chēng shì guó huì de 'èr dǎng gòng chǎn dǎng shì cuì dǎng de zhù yào zhèng suǒ wéidài liǎo gòng chǎn dǎng lǐng xiùdòng yuán chōng fēng duì jiāng quán guó suǒ yòu gòng chǎn dǎng dǎng zhàn lǐng bìng jìn zhǐ liǎo gòng chǎn dǎng yuán cān jiā 3 yuè chū de guó huì xuǎn cuì dǎng yíng liǎo 44% de wèilián liǎo guó jiā rén mín dǎng hòu yòu tōng guò xié huò huì de shǒu duànqiáng xíng tōng guò liǎoshòu quán 》, zhǐ yòu shè huì mín zhù dǎng wèi zàn tóngshì wéi guó quán zhù de zuì zhōng yòngshòu quán liǎo suǒ yòu fēi cuì zhèng dǎng
  
  1933 nián 9 yuè 1 zài niǔ lún bǎo zhào kāi de cuì dǎng dài biǎo huì shàng shǒu shǐ yòng sān guózhǐ chēng suǒ tǒng zhì xià、“ guó zuò qiān niánde guó
  
   zài 1934 nián 8 yuè 2 bǎo luó · féng · xīng dēng bǎo hòu shùn chéng zhāng kòng zhì guófèi chú zǒng tǒng zhìchéng wéi guó yuán shǒubìng pài chū 100,000 míng jiān diéjiān chá guó nèi de píng lùn jiā jiàn zhě
  
  1939 nián 7 yuè 10 xuān chuán cháng péi 'ěr zhèng shì xuān fèi shǐ yònggǎi zhì guó”( GroßdeutschesReich) dàixiáng jiàn guó shǐ
  
   hòu duó quán chǎn chú fǎn duì shì zài chéng sān guó
  
   dāng shí guó zǒng jīng yīn cuì dǎng de zhàn zhēng jīng jìhuà de 'ér dào gǎi shànrén mín de shēng huó shuǐ píng gāodàn duō dǎng wài zhèng zhì duì shǒuyóu shì gòng chǎn zhù zhě xiē shè huì zhù zhěbèi sòng zhōng yíng zài cuì zuì chū tǒng zhì de shí jiān jiù yòu chéng qiān shàng wàn zhèng zhì shòu hài zhě huò shī zōng
  
   èr zhàn gēn zhǔběi zhàn lìng dèng hǎi jūn yuán shuài rèn zǒng tǒngxuān chuán cháng péi 'ěr wéi zǒng dàn péi 'ěr zài shā shēn wáng hòu suí shāhěn kuài dèng xiàng méng jūn tóu jiàng。“ sān guóshí dài zhōng jié
   jīng zhèng
  
   jīng xiāo tiáo shíshī rén kǒu zēngshī shuài gāo 40%, 'ěr · shā ( HjalmarSchacht) lǐng dǎo shí cǎo liǎo xiàng xīn jīng zhèng yīn dāng shí gōng huì shì gòng chǎn zhù zhě gòng chǎn dǎng róng kòng zhì zhī dài cuì dǎng de fǎn gòng shí xíng tàixīn jīng zhèng zhī zhōng xiàng fèi chú gōng huì shí shī yán de xīn shuǐ kòng zhì
  
   lìng fāng miàn yòu chóngxīn jiàn jūn jìn xíng xíng gōng chéng ( gāo gōng biàn shì shí míng de ), duǎn shí jiān nèishī rén kǒu xià jiàng。 ( yóu liù bǎi wàn jiǎn zhì 'èr bǎi wàn )


  Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany between 1933 and 1945, while it was led by Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP). The name Third Reich (Drittes Reich, "Third Reich") refers to the state as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages and the German Empire of 1871–1918. In German, the state was known as Deutsches Reich (German Reich) until 1943, when its official name became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
  
  On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. Although he initially headed a coalition government, he quickly eliminated his government partners. At this time Germany's borders were still determined by the Treaty of Versailles, the peace treaty between Germany and the allied powers of the United Kingdom, France, United States, Italy, and Japan at the end of the First World War. To the north, Germany was bounded by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east, it was divided into two and bordered Lithuania, The Free City of Danzig, Poland and Czechoslovakia; to the south, it bordered Austria and Switzerland and to the west, it touched France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Rhineland and Saarland. These borders changed after Germany regained control of the Rhineland, Saarland and the Memelland and annexed Austria, the Sudetenland and Bohemia and Moravia. Germany expanded into Greater Germany during the Second World War, which began in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland, triggering the United Kingdom and France to declare war on Germany.
  
  Germany conquered and occupied most of Europe and Northern Africa during the Second World War. Millions of Jews and other minorities were persecuted and killed, particularly during the Second World War, amidst the Holocaust. Despite an alliance with other nations, mainly Italy and Japan, that together formed the Axis powers, by 1945, Germany had lost the war and ceased to exist. It was subsequently occupied after the war by the victorious allied powers of the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, and France.

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