| hán guó Korea (South) shǒudōu:shǒu 'ěr guógūdàimǎ: kr |
 韩国guó míng： dà hán mín guó RepublicofKorea jiǎn chēng： hán guó Korea hán guó 〔 Korea 〕 shì yī gè wèi yú dōng běi yà cháo xiān bàn dǎo nán duān de guó jiā。 xī nán bīn lín huáng hǎi， dōng nán shì cháo xiān hǎi xiá jí duì mǎ hǎi xiá， dōng biān bèi rì běn hǎi bāo wéi zhe。 běi miàn gé zhe sān bā xiàn fēi jūn shì qū yǔ cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó xiāng lín。 dà hán mín guó yú 1948 nián yóu yuán dà hán mín guó lín shí zhèng fǔ guó huì yì cháng lǐ chéng wǎn lì guó， guó hào yán yòng rì běn zhí mín qián de cháo xiān wáng cháo（ jí lǐ shì cháo xiān， 1897 nián gǎi guó hào wéi “ dà hán dì guó ”）。 guó míng yóu lái： “ hán” chēng hū zuì zǎo yuán yú hán guó rén / cháo xiān rén de zǔ xiān： sān hán “ hán guó” yǔ“ cháo xiān” zhè liǎng gè míng chēng， zài lì shǐ shàng céng jīng hùn yòng。 zhōng guó qīng cháo zhèng fǔ zài jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng（ 1894 héng héng 1895） zhàn bài hòu， zài《 mǎ guān tiáo yuē》 zhōng fàng qì duì cháo xiān bàn dǎo de zōng zhù quán， chéng rèn cháo xiān bàn dǎo dú lì。 1897 nián， cháo xiān wáng xuān bù jiàn zhì chēng dì， jiàn lì“ dà hán dì guó”，“ hán” dì yī cì zhèng shì chéng wéi cháo xiān bàn dǎo guó hào。 1910 nián cháo xiān bàn dǎo lún wéi rì běn zhí mín dì。 1919 nián 4 yuè 11 rì，“ dà hán mín guó lín shí zhèng fǔ” zài shàng hǎi chéng lì， 1945 nián， rì běn tóu jiàng hòu qiān huí guó， chéng wéi liǎo jīn tiān de hán guó。 【 hán guó dì lǐ】 dì lǐ wèi zhì hán guó wèi yú cháo xiān bàn dǎo nán bù。 cháo xiān bàn dǎo dì chù yà zhōu dà lù de dōng běi bù， zì běi xiàng nán yán shēn， quán cháng 1， 100 gōng lǐ。 hán guó de lǐng hǎi yǔ tài píng yáng zuì xī bù de hǎi yù jiāo huì。 hán guó de miàn jī wéi 99， 000 píng fāng gōng lǐ。 dì zhì gòu zào shān dì zhàn cháo xiān bàn dǎo miàn jī de sān fēn zhī 'èr zuǒ yòu , dì xíng jù duō yàng xìng， dī shān、 qiū líng hé píng yuán jiāo cuò fēn bù。 dī shān hé qiū líng zhù yào fēn bù zài zhōng bù hé dōng bù， hǎi bá duō zài 500 mǐ yǐ xià。 tài bái shān mài zòng guàn dōng hǎi 'àn， gòu chéng bàn dǎo nán bù dì xíng de jǐ liáng； qí xiàng huáng hǎi cè shēn chū de jǐ tiáo píng xíng shān mài zǔ chéng dī shān qiū líng dì dài， yòu tài bái shān mài、 qìng shàng shān mài、 xiǎo bái shān mài děng， qí zhōng xuě yuè shān、 wǔ tái shān děng shān fēng yǐ fēng jǐng yōu měi zhù chēng。 dōng běi zhì xī nán zǒu xiàng de xiǎo bái shān mài zuì gāo fēng wéi zhì yì shān， hǎi bá 1915 mǐ。 hàn ná shān wèi yú jì zhōu dǎo de zhōng xīn， hǎi bá 1950 mǐ， shì hán guó de dì yī gāo fēng zì gǔ xiāng chuán yòu shén xiān zài hàn ná shān shàng shēng huó , yīn cǐ guò qù céng bǎ hàn ná shān jiào zuò yíng zhōu shān， bìng qiě tóng jīn gāng shān、 zhì yì shān yī qǐ bèi yù wéi sān zuò shén shān。 píng yuán zhù yào fēn bù yú nán bù hé xī bù， hǎi bá duō zài 200 mǐ yǐ xià。 huáng hǎi yán 'àn yòu hàn jiāng píng yuán、 hú nán píng yuán děng píng yuán， nán hǎi yán 'àn yòu jīn hǎi píng yuán、 quán nán píng yuán jí qí tā xiǎo píng yuán。 hé liú húpō jiù qí fú yuán 'ér yán， hán guó yōng yòu xiāng duì duō de hé liú。 zuì cháng de hé liú fēn bié shì luò dōng jiāng hé hàn jiāng， shì bàn dǎo nán bù dì qū liǎng tiáo zhù yào hé liú。 luò dōng jiāng cháng 525 qiān mǐ， liú rù rì běn hǎi； hàn jiāng cháng 514 qiān mǐ， liú rù huáng hǎi， shì zhōng bù dì qū de zhòng yào shuǐ xì。 qí tā hé liú hái yòu： jǐn jiāng、 chán jīn jiāng、 lín jīn jiāng děng。 hán guó húpō jiào shǎo， zuì dà de tiān rán hú shì wèi yú jì zhōu dǎo hàn ná shān dǐng huǒ shān kǒu de bái lù tán， hǎi bá 1850 mǐ， hú miàn zhí jìng yuē 30 mǐ， zhōu cháng 1 gōng lǐ， shēn yuē 6 mǐ。 zuì dà de rén gōng hú shì zhāo yáng hú， wèi yú jiāng yuán dào chūn chuān shì dōng běi 13 gōng lǐ chù， 1973 nián jiàn chéng， miàn jī 6930 wàn píng fāng mǐ。 cǐ wài hái yòu yī xiē miàn jī jiào xiǎo de hú， rú chā qiáo hú、 mù jīn hú děng。 zī yuán kuàng chǎn zī yuán jiào shǎo， yǐ fā xiàn de kuàng wù yòu 280 duō zhǒng， qí zhōng yòu jīng jì jià zhí de yuē 50 duō zhǒng。 yòu kāi cǎi lì yòng jià zhí de kuàng wù yòu tiě、 wú yān méi、 qiān、 xīn、 wū děng， dàn chǔ liàng bù dà。 yóu yú zì rán zī yuán kuì fá， zhù yào gōng yè yuán liào jūn yǐ lài jìn kǒu。 qì hòu shǔ wēn dài jì fēng qì hòu， hǎi yáng xìng tè zhēng xiǎn zhù。 dōng jì màn cháng hán lěng， xià jì yán rè cháo shī， chūn qiū liǎng jì xiāng dāng duǎn。 dōng jì zuì dī qì wēn dá -12 ℃， xià jì zuì gāo qì wēn kě dá 37℃。 nián píng jūn jiàng shuǐ liàng 1500 háo mǐ zuǒ yòu， qí zhōng 6 héng 8 yuè yǔ liàng jiào dà， liù yuè dào bā yuè de jiàng yǔ liàng wéi quán nián de 70%。 nián jūn jiàng shuǐ liàng yuē wéi 1500 háo mǐ , jiàng shuǐ liàng yóu nán xiàng běi zhú bù jiǎn shǎo。 hán guó sì jì fēn míng， chūn、 qiū liǎng jì jiào duǎn； xià jì yán rè、 cháo shī； dōng jì hán lěng、 gān zào， shí 'ér xià xuě。 hán guó gè dì qū zhī jiān wēn chā jiào dà， píng jūn wēn dù wéi 6 shè shì dù（ 43 huá shì dù） zhì 16 shè shì dù（ 61 huá shì dù）。 zài quán nián zuì rè de 8 yuè fèn， píng jūn wēn dù wéi 19 shè shì dù（ 66 huá shì dù） zhì 27 shè shì dù（ 81 huá shì dù）。 ér zài quán nián zuì lěng de 1 yuè fèn， píng jūn wēn dù zé zài líng xià 8 shè shì dù（ 17 huá shì dù） 7 shè shì dù（ 43 huá shì dù）。 zǎo chūn shí jié cháng cháng guā fēng xià yǔ， dà fēng dài lái yà zhōu nèi lù shā mò de“ huáng shā”， sú chēng shā chén bào， jìn nián lái yòu zhú jiàn zēng jiā de qū shì。 dào liǎo 4 yuè zhōng xún， tiān qì zhuǎn nuǎn， hán guó nóng mín měi nián jiù zài zhè shí píng zhěng yāng tián zhǔn bèi zhòngzhí shuǐ dào。 xià qiū liǎng jì duō tái fēng， xià jì huì yòu méi yǔ qī。 【 jiǎn kuàng】 guó qí 1882 nián， cháo xiān shǐ chén pǔ yǒng xiào hé jīn yù yún jí jiāng chū shǐ rì běn， lín xíng qián xiàng zhōng guó qīng cháo běi yáng zhèng fǔ qǐng qiú jiāng zhōng guó de lóng qí zuò wéi guó qí shǐ yòng， běi yáng zhèng fǔ huí fù chēng fān shǔ guó bù néng yòng wǔ zhǎo lóng qí zhǐ néng yòng sì zhǎo lóng qí。 yóu yú dāng shí cháo xiān dāng jú duì rì jiàn mòluò de qīng tíng yǐ jīng yòu xiē bù mǎi zhàng liǎo， suǒ yǐ bù jiē shòu qīng tíng de yào qiú。 qí shí fèng lǐ hóng zhāng zhī mìng chū shǐ cháo xiān de zhōng guó shǐ jié mǎ jiàn zhōng（ zhōng guó jìn dài dà yǔ yán xué jiā， dāng shí hé qí xiōng fù dàn dà xué chuàng shǐ rén mǎ xiāng bó yī qǐ chū shǐ cháo xiān） jiàn yì cháo xiān zhèng fǔ cǎi yòng zhōng guó chuán tǒng de tài jí bā guà qí zuò wéi guó qí shǐ yòng， zhè gè jiàn yì dé dào liǎo cháo xiān zhèng fǔ de cǎi nà， suǒ yǐ， zuì zǎo de cháo xiān guó qí shì yī miàn bù zhé bù kòu de bái dǐ hēi sè tú 'àn de tài jí bā guà qí。 hòu lái， yī míng yīng guó zhù cháo xiān de shǐ jié yòng xī fāng měi xué de jiǎo dù wéi zhè miàn tài jí bā guà qí zuò liǎo xiū gǎi， qù diào liǎo bā guà zhōng de sì guà， bǎ shèng xià de sì guà xié xiàng duìchèn lā shēn， shǐ zhěng gè guó qí tú 'àn chéng cháng fāng xíng， bǎ yīn yáng yú tú 'àn gǎi wéi hóng lán liǎng sè， zhè yàng cái yòu liǎo xiàn zài wǒ men kàn dào de hán guó tài jí qí。 guó huī zuì hòu xiū dìng yǔ 1948 nián， 1950 nián zhèng shì qǐ yòng。 guó huī zhōng yāng wéi yī duǒ shèng kāi zhe de méi guī huā。 méi guī huā de dǐ sè bái sè xiàng zhēng zhe hé píng yǔ chún jié， huáng sè xiàng zhēng zhe fán róng yǔ chāng shèng。 huā duǒ de zhōng yāng bèi yī fú hóng lán yīn yáng tú dài tì， tā bù jǐn shì hán guó nǎi zhì quán cháo xiān zú wén huà de yī gè chuán tǒng xiàng zhēng， ér qiě zài cǐ dài biǎo zhe guó jiā xíng zhèng yǔ dà zì rán guī lǜ de hé xié。 yī tiáo bái sè shì dài huán rào zhe mù jǐn huā， shì dài shàng féng zhe guó míng dà hán mín guó sì zì。 cǐ tè diǎn yǔ cháo xiān de guó huī shè jì xiāng tóng。 guó huā mù jǐn huā shì hán guó de guó huā。 huā kāi shí jié， mù jǐn shù zhī huì shēng chū xǔ duō huā bāo， yī duǒ huā diāo luò hòu， qí tā de huā bāo huì lián xù bù duàn dì kāi， kāi dé chūn yì 'àng rán， chūn guāng càn làn。 yīn cǐ， hán guó rén yě jiào tā“ wú qióng huā”。 【 zhòng yào jié rì】 hán guó mín zhòng zuì zhòng shì zhōng qiū jié jí shèng dàn jié。 1 yuè 1 rì yuán dàn ─ xīn nián， 1 yuè 1 rì、 2 rì wèiguó jiā guī dìng de gōng xiū rì。 guó lì zhēngyuè chū yī ／ mín sú rì─ yě chēng yáng lì xīn nián， yǐ jì zǔ de jiā tíng diǎn lǐ、 tè zhì de shí wù、 chuán tǒng yóu xì lái qìng zhù。 quán jiā rén tuán jù， qīn péng hǎo yǒu jiān hù xiāng bài nián huān dù jiā jié。 3 yuè 1 rì dú lì yùn dòng jì niàn rì jì niàn 1919 nián 3 yuè 1 rì fǎn kàng rì běn zhí mín tǒng zhì de dú lì yùn dòng。 4 yuè 5 rì zhí shù jié zhè yī tiān， zhèng fǔ guān yuán、 jiào shī、 xué shēng yǐ jí quán guó gè dì chéng qiān shàng wàn de hán guó rén 'àn zhào zhèng fǔ de chóngxīn zào lín jìhuà zhí shù。 5 yuè 5 rì 'ér tóng jié zhè yī tiān wéi 'ér tóng jǔ xíng gè zhǒng qìng zhù huó dòng， ràng tā men yǔ fù mǔ yī qǐ jìn qíng yóu wán。 8 yuè 15 rì guāng fù jié 1945 nián de zhè yī tiān， hán guó cóng rì běn 35 nián de zhí mín tǒng zhì zhōng jiě fàng chū lái， huò dé dú lì。 yīn lì 8 yuè 15 rì zhōng qiū jié ( huò chēng fēng shōu jié ) zhè shì yī nián zhōng zhòng yào de quán guó xìng jié rì zhī yī。 zhè yī tiān yào bǎi shè yán xí， gè jiā yào zài jiā zú mù dì jǔ xíng jì niàn yí shì， wǎn shàng yào yī qǐ shǎng yuè。 yīn lì 10 yuè 3 rì kāi tiān jié zhè yī tiān shì chuán shuō zhōng tán jūn yú gōng yuán qián 2333 nián jiàn lì hán guó de rì zǐ。 12 yuè 25 rì shèng dàn jié hé xī fāng yī yàng， jī dū jiào tú hé qí tā guó mín dū qìng hè zhè gè jié rì， jì niàn yé sū dàn shēng。 【 guó jiā zhèng yào】 xiàn rèn zǒng tǒng： lǐ míng bó， 2007 nián 12 yuè dāng xuǎn， yú 2008 nián 2 yuè 25 rì xuān shì jiù zhí； zǒng lǐ： hán shēng zhū（ HanSeung-soo）。 2008 nián 2 yuè rèn zhí。 【 rén kǒu yǔ yǔ yán】 hán guó zǒng rén kǒu 4905.3 wàn（ 2007 nián）， quán guó wéi dān yī de cháo xiān zú〔 hán fāng chēng： hán mín zú〕， shǔ“ sān hán hòu yì”， tōng yòng hán yǔ， mín zú fú shì wéi“ hán fú”。 zài cǐ shuō míng yī xià： hán yǔ yǔ cháo xiān yǔ lüè yòu bù tóng。 yīn wéi zhàn hòu nán běi hán cháng qī fēn liè， shǐ dé nán běi yǔ yán yě chū xiàn lüè wēi chā yì。 yī bān jiāng nán hán guàn yòng de biǎo dá fāng shì chēng wéi“ hán yǔ”， jiāng běi cháo xiān guàn yòng de biǎo dá fāng shì chēng wéi“ cháo xiān yǔ”。 【 zōng jiào xìn yǎng】 sà mǎn jiào sà mǎn jiào qǐ yuán yǔ zhōng guó dōng běi mín zú， shì hán guó zuì gǔ lǎo、 zuì yuán shǐ de yī zhǒng zōng jiào， qǐ yuán yú yuán shǐ shè huì rén men duì zì rán hé guǐ shén de chóng bài。 cháo xiān xīn shí qì shí dài de xiān mín xìn fèng fàn líng lùn， rèn wéi shān chuān、 tiān tǐ、 yán shí、 shù mù děng zì rán jiè wàn wù jiē yòu líng hún。 ér qiě tā men rèn wéi rén lèi yě yòu líng hún， bìng qiě yǒng bù xiāo wáng。 tā men xiǎng niàn shàn liáng de shén líng huì jǐyǔ rén dài lái jí xiáng， ér xié 'è de shén líng zé huì dài lái 'è yùn。 zhì jīn， sà mǎn jiào réng shì hán guó rén de jī chǔ zōng jiào， bù fēn rén réng bǎo liú zhe sà mǎn jiào de xìn yǎng。 ér duì xiàn dài rén lái shuō， sà mǎn jiào yí shì zhōng fù yòu biǎo xiàn lì de qū yāo jiàng mó de nèi róng， zé chéng liǎo yīnyuè、 wǔ dǎo、 xì jù děng xiàn dài yì shù zhōng yī gè duō zī duō cǎi de zǔ chéng bù fēn。 fó jiào fó jiào shì gōng yuán 4 shì jì yóu zhōng guó chuán rù cháo xiān bàn dǎo de。 fó jiào zuò wéi hán guó lì shǐ yōu rù de zōng jiào jiào pài， yī zhí duì hán guó de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 wén huà chǎn shēng zhe jù dà de yǐng xiǎng。 xiàn zài hán guó fó jiào gòng yòu 26 gè zōng pài， 9,200 duō zuò sì miào hé 1,100 duō wàn míng xìn tú， shì xìn tú zuì duō de zōng jiào。 rú jiào rú jiào shì gōng yuán qián 6 shì jì zhōng guó kǒng zǐ chuàng lì de lún lǐ hé zōng jiào xìn yǎng。 rú jiào de jī běn lún lǐ sī xiǎng wéi rén、 yì、 lǐ、 zhì， shì yòng yú qí jiā zhì guó de yī zhǒng lún lǐ tǐ xì。 gōng yuán chū qī rú jiào chuán rù cháo xiān bàn dǎo。 qiān bǎi nián lái， rú jiào de lún lǐ dào dé sī xiǎng hé shēng huó zhé xué yī zhí yǐng xiǎng zhe hán guó。 shí zhì jīn rì， rú jiào sī xiǎng yǐ jīng shèn tòu、 zhā gēn yú hán guó shè huì zhī zhōng， zhè yóu qí tǐ xiàn zài jiào yù、 lǐ yí děng fāng miàn。 tóng shí， tā zài hán guó de jīng jì fā zhǎn、 shè huì xiàn dài huà jìn chéng zhōng yě fā huī liǎo zhòng yào de zuò yòng。 【 shǒu dū jiè shào】 hán guó shǒu dū： shǒu 'ěr（ Seoul， jiù yì“ hàn chéng”）， rén kǒu 1050 wàn（ 2007 nián）。 2003 nián 12 yuè， hán guó guó huì tōng guò《 xīn xíng zhèng shǒu dū tè bié fǎ》， jué dìng jiāng xíng zhèng shǒu dū cóng shǒu 'ěr（ jiù yì“ hàn chéng”） qiān wǎng zhōng bù dì qū。 2004 nián 8 yuè， hán guó zhèng fǔ zuì zhōng què dìng bìng zhèng shì gōng bù liǎo xīn xíng zhèng shǒu dū de dì zhǐ， wèi yú hán zhōng bù dì qū de yàn qí héng gōng zhōu jiāng chéng wéi xīn de xíng zhèng shǒu dū。 hán guó zhèng fǔ dìng yú 2007 nián 7 yuè zài yàn qí - gōng zhōu dòng gōng jiàn shè xīn xíng zhèng shǒu dū， zài 2020 nián hé 2030 nián fēn bié xíng chéng yōng yòu 30 wàn hé 50 wàn rén kǒu de chéng shì。 zì 2012 nián zhì 2014 nián， hán guó zhù yào guó jiā xíng zhèng jī guān jiāng qiān wǎng xīn xíng zhèng shǒu dū。 2004 nián 10 yuè， hán guó xiàn fǎ fǎ yuàn cái jué， hán guó guó huì 2003 nián 12 yuè tōng guò de《 xīn xíng zhèng shǒu dū tè bié fǎ》 wéi fǎn xiàn fǎ。 hán guó zhèng fǔ zhì dìng de jiāng xíng zhèng shǒu dū cóng“ shǒu 'ěr”（ jí“ hàn chéng”） qiān wǎng zhōng bù dì qū de jìhuà jiāng yīn cǐ bèi pò tíng zhǐ zhí xíng。 2005 nián 1 yuè， yuán hàn chéng shì（ jí xiàn zài de“ shǒu 'ěr shì”） shì cháng lǐ míng bó zài hàn chéng shì zhèng fǔ jǔ xíng jì zhě zhāo dài huì， xuān bù bǎ“ hàn chéng” de zhōng wén fān yì míng chēng gǎi wéi“ shǒu 'ěr”。 shǒu 'ěr lì shǐ yōu jiǔ， gǔ shí yīn wèi yú hàn jiāng zhī běi， dé míng“ hàn yáng”。 14 shì jì mò cháo xiān wáng cháo dìng dū hàn yáng hòu， gǎi míng wéi“ hàn chéng”。 jìn dài hán guó shòu rì běn zhí mín tǒng zhì qī jiān， hàn chéng gǎi chēng“ jīng chéng”。 1945 nián cháo xiān bàn dǎo guāng fù hòu， gēngmíng wéi hán yǔ gù yòu cí， luó mǎ zì mǔ biāo jì wéi“ SEOUL”， seoul shì hán yǔ zhōng shǒu dū míng chēng de yì yīn。 【 xíng zhèng qū huá】 xiàn yòu 1 gè tè bié shì：“ shǒu 'ěr”（ jí“ hàn chéng”） tè bié shì； 9 gè dào（ xiāng dāng yú shěng）： jīng jī dào、 jiāng yuán dào、 zhōng qīng běi dào、 zhōng qīng nán dào、 quán luó běi dào、 quán luó nán dào、 qìng shàng běi dào、 qìng shàng nán dào、 jì zhōu dào； 6 gè guǎng yù shì（ xiāng dāng yú zhí xiá shì）： fǔ shān、 dà qiū、 rén chuān、 guāng zhōu、 dà tián、 wèi shān。 【 zhèng zhì】 hán guó xiàn xíng xiàn fǎ shì 1987 nián 10 yuè quán mín tóu piào tōng guò de xīn xiàn fǎ， 1988 nián 2 yuè 25 rì qǐ shēng xiào。 xīn xiàn fǎ guī dìng， hán guó shí xíng sān quán dǐng lì、 yǐ fǎ zhì guó de tǐ zhì。 gēn jù zhè bù xīn xiàn fǎ， zǒng tǒng shì guó jiā yuán shǒu hé quán guó wǔ zhuāng lì liàng sī lìng， zài zhèng fǔ xì tǒng hé duì wài guān xì zhōng dài biǎo zhěng gè guó jiā， zǒng tǒng rèn qī 5 nián， bù dé lián rèn。 zǒng tǒng shì nèi wài zhèng cè de zhì dìng zhě， kě xiàng guó huì tí chū lì fǎ yì 'àn děng ; tóng shí， zǒng tǒng yě shì guó jiā zuì gāo xíng zhèng zhǎngguān， fù zé gè xiàng fǎ lǜ fǎ guī de shí shī。 zǒng tǒng tōng guò yóu 15-30 rén zǔ chéng bìng yóu qí zhù chí de guó wù huì yì xíng shǐ xíng zhèng zhí néng。 zuò wéi zǒng tǒng zhù yào xíng zhèng zhù shǒu de guó wù zǒng lǐ yóu zǒng tǒng rèn mìng， dàn xū jīng guó huì pī zhǔn。 guó wù zǒng lǐ yòu quán cānyù zhì dìng zhòng yào de guó jiā zhèng cè。 zǒng tǒng wú quán jiě sàn guó huì， dàn guó huì kě yòng qǐ dòng tánhé chéng xù de fāng shì duì zǒng tǒng jìn xíng zhì yuē， shǐ qí zuì zhōng duì guó jiā xiàn fǎ fù zé。 hán guó shí xíng yī yuàn zhì。 guó huì shì guó jiā lì fǎ jī gòu， rèn qī 4 nián， guó huì yì cháng rèn qī 2 nián。 xiàn fǎ fù yú guó huì de zhí néng chú zhì dìng fǎ lǜ wài， hái bāo kuò pī zhǔn guó jiā yù suàn、 wài jiāo zhèng cè、 duì wài xuān zhàn děng guó jiā shì wù， yǐ jí tánhé zǒng tǒng de quán lì。 hán guó fǎ yuàn gòng fēn sān jí : dà fǎ yuàn、 gāo děng fǎ yuàn hé dì fāng fǎ yuàn。 dà fǎ yuàn shì zuì gāo fǎ tíng， fù zé shěn lǐ duì xià jí fǎ yuàn hé jūn shì fǎ tíng zuò chū de cái jué biǎo shì bù fú de shàng sù 'àn jiàn。 dà fǎ guān yóu zǒng tǒng rèn mìng， guó huì pī zhǔn。 dà fǎ guān de rèn qī wéi 6 nián， bù dé lián rèn， nián mǎn 70 suì bì xū tuì wèi。 hán guó xiàn fǎ fǎ yuàn xiū xiàn cǎo 'àn wèi lái 17 nián jī běn guó fáng zhèng cè hán guó jiāng jiàn lì shì yìng xiàn dài zhàn zhēng de xīn xíng jūn duì zǔ jiàn“ wú suǒ bù zài” bù duì。 hán guó zǒng tǒng guān dǐ qīng wǎ tái（ ChongWaDae） wèi yú shǒu 'ěr zhōng lù qū shì zōng lù yī hào。 zhè lǐ yuán lái shì gāolí wáng cháo de lí gōng， 1426 nián cháo xiān wáng cháo jiàn dū hàn chéng hòu， bǎ tā zuò wéi jǐng fú gōng hòu yuán， xiū jiàn liǎo lóng wǔ táng、 qìng nóng zhāi hé liàn wǔ chǎng děng yī xiē jiàn zhù wù， bìng kāi liǎo yī kuài guó wáng de qīn gēng dì。 1927 nián rì běn rù qīn hòu huǐ diào wǔ yún gé yǐ wài de suǒ yòu jiàn zhù， jiàn lì liǎo cháo xiān zǒng dū guān dǐ。 1945 nián rì běn tóu jiàng hòu biàn wéi jūn zhèng zhǎngguān guān dǐ。 1948 nián 8 yuè dà hán mín guó chéng lì de tóng shí， tā chéng wéi zǒng tǒng guān dǐ bìng gǎi míng wéi jǐng wǔ tái（ KyungMuDae）。 1960 nián 4 yuè 19 rì tuī fān lǐ chéng wǎn zhèng quán hòu， yǐn pǔ shàn dāng xuǎn zǒng tǒng bìng rù zhù jǐng wǔ tái。 bù jiǔ， yīn wéi yǐn pǔ shàn jì“ wǔ” zì bìng wéi liǎo tóng měi guó bái gōng xiāng duì yìng， gěi bái qiáng lán wǎ de zhè qún jiàn zhù qǐ míng wéi qīng wǎ tái， suǒ yǐ yě yòu rén chēng qí wéi“ lán gōng”（ BlueHouse）。 xiàn zài， qīng wǎ tái zhù lóu wéi zǒng tǒng guān dǐ， yòu zǒng tǒng bàn gōng shì、 jiē jiàn tīng、 huì yì shì、 jū shì， pèi lóu yòu mì shū shì、 jǐng hù shì hé yíng bīn lóu děng。 【 jīng jì】 2007 nián hán guó GDP tū pò 10000 yì měi yuán， rén jūn GDP tū pò 20000 měi yuán， shì jiè dì 11 dà jīng jì tǐ。 cóng 20 shì jì 60 nián dài kāi shǐ， hán guó zhèng fǔ chéng gōng dì tuī xíng yǐ zēngzhǎng wéi zhù de jīng jì zhèng cè， 70 nián dài zhī hòu zhèng shì zǒu shàng fā zhǎn jīng jì de guǐ dào， chuàng zào liǎo jǔ shì wén míng de“ hàn jiāng qí jì”。 dào 80 nián dài， hán guó yī gǎi pín qióng yǔ luò hòu de miàn mào， chéng xiàn chū fán róng hé fù yù de jǐng xiàng， chéng wéi guó jì shì chǎng shàng yī gè jù yòu jìng zhēng lì de guó jiā。 bìng yú 1988 nián jǔ bàn liǎo hàn chéng 'ào yùn huì。 rú jīn， hán guó jīng jì shí lì xióng hòu， gāng tiě、 qì chē、 zào chuán、 diàn zǐ、 fǎng zhì děng yǐ chéng wéi hán guó de zhī zhù chǎn yè， qí zhōng zào chuán hé qì chē zhì zào děng hángyè gèng shì xiǎng yù shì jiè。 hán guó de diàn zǐ gōng yè fā zhǎn xùn sù， wéi shì jiè shí dà diàn zǐ gōng yè guó zhī yī。 jìn nián lái， hán guó zhòng shì IT chǎn yè， bù duàn jiā dà tóu rù， IT jì shù shuǐ píng hé chǎn liàng jūn jū shì jiè qián liè。 hán guó céng shì gè chuán tǒng de nóng yè guó。 suí zhe gōng yè huà de jìn chéng， nóng yè zài hán guó jīng jì zhōng suǒ zhàn de bǐ lì yuè lái yuè xiǎo， dì wèi rì jiàn dī xià。 hán guó shì nóng chǎn pǐn zhù yào jìn kǒu guó jiā， jìn kǒu liàng qū yú zēngzhǎng， dàn qí nóng yè shì chǎng duì wài guó de cānyù jí wéi mǐn gǎn， shì gè duì wài kāi fàng chéng dù jiào xiǎo de jīng jì bù mén。 hán guó gēng dì miàn jī wéi 195 wàn gōng qǐng， zhù yào fēn bù zài xī bù hé nán bù píng yuán、 qiū líng dì qū， yuē zhàn guó tǔ zǒng miàn jī de 22%。 hán guó kuàng chǎn zī yuán jiào shǎo， yǐ fā xiàn de kuàng wù yòu 280 duō zhǒng， yòu jīng jì jià zhí de 50 duō zhǒng。 yòu kāi cǎi lì yòng jià zhí de kuàng wù yòu tiě、 wú yān méi、 qiān、 xīn、 wū děng， dàn chǔ cáng liàng bù dà。 yóu yú zì rán zī yuán kuì fá， zhù yào gōng yè yuán liào jūn yǐ lài jìn kǒu。 gōng yè zhù yào bù mén yòu gāng tiě、 qì chē、 zào chuán、 diàn zǐ、 huà xué、 fǎng zhì děng。 pǔ xiàng gāng tiě chǎng shì shì jiè dì 'èr dà gāng tiě lián hé qǐ yè。 2002 nián qì chē chǎn liàng 320 wàn liàng， jū shì jiè dì 6 wèi。 zào chuán dìng dān biāo zhǔn huò chuán dūn shù 759 wàn dūn， chóngxīn chéng wéi shì jiè dì yī。 diàn zǐ gōng yè yǐ gāo jì shù mì jí xíng chǎn pǐn wéi zhù， wéi shì jiè shí dà diàn zǐ gōng yè guó zhī yī。 bàn dǎo tǐ jí chéng diàn lù fā zhǎn xùn sù。 jìn nián lái hán guó zhòng shì IT chǎn yè， bù duàn jiā dà tóu rù。 yóu yú shòu 1997 nián yà zhōu jīn róng wēi jī de yǐng xiǎng， hán guó jìn nián lái de jīng jì yī zhí chǔyú dī mí de xiāo tiáo。 yě jiù shì sú chēng de“ jīng jì bù jǐng qì”。 【 wén huà】 hán guó de wén huà shòu zhōng guó yǐng xiǎng shí fēn míng xiǎn， zǎo zài táng cháo shí qī， cháo xiān bàn dǎo de xīn jì guó jiù zhuān mén pài rén dào zhōng guó xué xí zhōng guó de wén huà yǐ jí zhì guó de cè lüè， shèn zhì yòu xiē dōng xī zhí jiē zhào bān zhào chāo dì ná huí qù， zhōng guó de wén huà duì xīn jì guó yǐng xiǎng shí fēn jiǔ yuǎn， xīn jì yě yīn wéi xī shōu liǎo zhōng guó de wén huà 'ér qiáng dà qǐ lái yīn cǐ tǒng yī liǎo cháo xiān bàn dǎo。 hán guó shì gè jù yòu yōu jiǔ lì shǐ hé càn làn wén huà de guó jiā， zài wén xué yì shù děng fāng miàn dōuyòu zì jǐ de tè sè。 hán guó de měi shù zhù yào bāo kuò huì huà、 shū fǎ、 bǎn huà、 gōng yì、 zhuāng shì děng， jì jì chéng liǎo mín zú chuán tǒng， yòu xī shōu liǎo wài guó měi shù de tè cháng。 hán guó de huì huà fēn dōng yáng huà hé xī yáng huà， dōng yáng huà lèi sì zhōng guó de guó huà， yòng bǐ、 mò、 zhǐ、 yàn biǎo xiàn gè zhǒng huà tí。 cǐ wài hái yòu gè lèi huá lì de fēng sú huà。 yǔ zhōng guó、 rì běn yī yàng， shū fǎ zài hán guó shì yī zhǒng gāo yǎ de yì shù xíng shì。 hán guó rén sù yǐ xǐ 'ài yīn lè hé wǔ dǎo 'ér zhù chēng。 hán guó xiàn dài yīnyuè dà zhì kě fēn wéi“ mín zú yīnyuè” hé“ xī yáng yīnyuè” liǎng zhǒng。 mín zú yīnyuè yòu kě fēn wéi“ yǎ lè” hé“ mín sú lè” liǎng zhǒng。 yǎ lè shì hán guó lì dài fēng jiàn wáng cháo zài gōng tíng jǔ xíng jì sì、 yàn huì děng gè zhǒng yí shì shí yóu zhuān yè yuèduì yǎn zòu de yīnyuè， tōng chēng“ zhèng lè” huò“ gōng tíng lè”。 mín sú lè zhōng yòu zá gē、 mín yáo、 nóng lè děng。 yuèqì cháng yòng xuán qín、 gā yé qín、 zhàng gǔ、 dí děng。 hán guó mín sú lè de tè sè zhī yī shì pèi shàng wǔ dǎo。 hán guó wǔ dǎo fēi cháng zhòng shì wǔ zhě jiān bǎng、 gēbo de yùn lǜ。 dào jù yòu shàn、 huā guān、 gǔ。 hán guó de wǔ dǎo yǐ mín zú wǔ hé gōng tíng wǔ wéi zhōng xīn， duō zī duō cǎi。 hán guó de xì jù qǐ yuán yú shǐ qián shí qī de zōng jiào yí shì， zhù yào bāo kuò jiǎ miàn jù、 mù 'ǒu jù、 qǔyì、 chàng jù、 huà jù děng 5 lèi。 qí zhōng jiǎ miàn jù yòu chēng“ jiǎ miàn wǔ”， wéi hán guó wén huà xiàng zhēng， zài hán guó chuán tǒng xì jù zhōng zhàn yòu jí wéi zhòng yào de dì wèi。 hán shí yǐ pào cài wén huà wéi tè sè， yī rì sān cān dū lí bù kāi pào cài。 hán guó chuán tǒng míng cài shāo ròu、 pào cài、 lěng miàn yǐ jīng chéng liǎo shì jiè míng cài。 hán guó shì yī gè shí fēn zhòng shì jiào yù de guó jiā。 quán guó gè lèi dà zhuān yuàn xiào shù yǐ qiān jì。 yán shì dà xué hé gāolí dà xué děng xiǎng yù shì jiè， cǐ wài， hái yòu chéng jūn guǎn dà xué、 xī jiāng dà xué、 zhōng yāng dà xué、 qìng xī dà xué、 hàn yáng dà xué、 tán guó dà xué、 jiàn guó dà xué、 zhōng guó dà xué、 shì zōng dà xué、 lí huā nǚ zǐ dà xué、 qìng běi dà xué、 zhōng běi dà xué、 pǔ xiàng gōng yè dà xué、 fǔ shān dà xué、 fǔ shān wài guó yǔ dà xué、 rén hé dà xué、 rén jì dà xué děng xiǎng yòu míng yù。 【 fú shì】 hán guó chuán tǒng fú zhuāng hán fú shì hán guó de chuán tǒng fú zhuāng， qǐ yuán yú zhōng guó míng cháo de fú zhuāng， yōu yǎ qiě yòu pǐn wèi。 jìn dài bèi yáng fú tì dài， zhǐ yòu zài jié rì hé yòu tè shū yì yì de rì zǐ lǐ chuān。 nǚ xìng de chuán tǒng fú zhuāng shì duǎn shàng yī hé kuān cháng de qún zǐ， kàn shàng qù hěn yōu yǎ； nán xìng yǐ kù zǐ、 duǎn shàng yī、 bèi xīn、 mǎ jiá xiǎn chū dú tè de pǐn wèi。 bái sè wéi jī běn sè， gēn jù jì jié、 shēn fèn， suǒ xuǎn yòng de cái liào hé sè cǎi dōubù tóng。 zài jié hūn děng tè bié de yí shì zhōng， yī bān píng mín yě chuān dài huá lì de yī cháng hé shǒu shì。 zuì jìn， zēng jiā shí yòng xìng de shēng huó hán fú hěn shòu huān yíng。 【 xīn wén chū bǎn】 xīn wén yè fā dá。 jié zhì 2002 nián， gòng yòu xīn wén jī gòu 260 jiā。 bào shè 60 jiā， qí zhōng 10 jiā quán guó xìng zōng hé bào zhǐ， 38 jiā dì fāng zōng hé bào zhǐ， 7 jiā jīng jì lèi bào zhǐ， 2 jiā wài wén bào zhǐ hé 3 jiā tǐ yù bào zhǐ。《 cháo xiān rì bào》、《 zhōng yāng rì bào》、《 dōng yà rì bào》、《 hán guó rì bào》、《 dà hán měi rì》 hé《 jīng xiāng xīn wén》 wéi 6 dà quán guó xìng hán wén rì bào， chú《 dà hán měi rì》 wài， qí tā bào zhǐ jūn shǔ sī yíng。《 cháo xiān rì bào》 fā xíng liàng zuì dà， yú 1920 nián 3 yuè 5 rì chuàng kān。《 dōng yà rì bào》 yú 1920 nián 4 yuè 1 rì chuàng kān。《 zhōng yāng rì bào》 yú 1965 nián 9 yuè 22 rì chuàng kān。 tōng xùn shè lián hé tōng xìn， 1980 nián 12 yuè yóu hé tóng tōng xìn shè hé dōng yáng tōng xìn shè hé bìng 'ér chéng， 1999 nián zài hé bìng nèi wài tōng xìn， shì hán guó xīn wén méi tǐ gòng bàn de yī gè hé zuò xìng tōng xùn shè。 gāi tōng xùn shè zài huá shèng dùn、 niǔ yuē、 luò shān jī、 dōng jīng、 bā lí、 lún dūn、 màn gǔ、 bù yí nuò sī 'ài lì sī、 bù lǔ sài 'ěr、 kāi luó、 xiāng gǎng、 mò sī kē hé běi jīng shè yòu fēn shè。 hán guó yòu 10 jiā quán guó xìng guǎng bō gōng sī， lìng yòu dì fāng guǎng bō gōng sī 59 jiā， yòu xiàn guǎng bō gōng sī 81 jiā。 hán guó guǎng bō gōng sī（ KBS） 1927 nián kāi shǐ shì bō， zì 1953 nián kāi shǐ duì wài guǎng bō， zhèng fǔ kòng gǔ guǎng bō gōng sī， yōng yòu quán guó xìng guǎng bō wǎng， mù qián yòng hán、 yīng、 hàn、 fǎ、 rì děng 11 zhǒng yǔ yán bō yīn。 diàn shì tái chéng lì yú 1961 nián 12 yuè， zì 1996 nián 7 yuè qǐ kāi tōng liǎng gè pín dào de wèi xīng diàn shì jié mù， zhù yào yǐ shù zì xìn hào bō fàng。 wén huà guǎng bō gōng sī（ MBC） 1961 nián 12 yuè kāi bàn， yōng yòu quán guó xìng guǎng bō wǎng， diàn shì tái chéng lì yú 1969 nián 8 yuè， zài gè dà chéng shì yòu wèi xīng zhuǎn bō zhàn。 shǒu 'ěr guǎng bō gōng sī diàn shì tái（ SB） 1991 nián 12 yuè kāi bō。 jī dū jiào guǎng bō gōng sī（ CBS） 1954 nián kāi bàn， sī yíng， zhù yào bō sòng xīn wén、 yú lè yǐ jí jiào yù hé zōng jiào jié mù。 qí diàn shì jié mù yě yòu yī dìng yǐng xiǎng。 yuǎn dōng guǎng bō diàn tái（ FEBC） 1956 nián 12 yuè kāi bàn， měi zhōu bō sòng 100 xiǎo shí de hán、 yīng、 hàn、 é yǔ jié mù。 dà hán mín guó jūn duì guǎng bō diàn tái jiàn yú 1954 nián， zhuān mén wéi jūn duì bō yīn。 zhù hán měi jūn guǎng bō diàn tái 1950 nián 10 yuè kāi shǐ bō yīn。 tóng qí diàn shì tái yī qǐ， zhuān wéi zhù hán měi jūn jí qí jiā shǔ fú wù， yòng yīng yǔ quán tiān bō yīn。 jiāo tōng guǎng bō diàn tái hé diàn shì tái 1990 nián 6 yuè chéng lì。 jiào yù guǎng bō diàn tái hé diàn shì tái 1990 nián 12 yuè chéng lì。 hán guó gòng yòu 39 gè diàn shì tái， qí zhōng 20 gè shì shāng yè diàn shì tái。 hán guó zì 1995 nián qǐ kāi bō yòu xiàn diàn shì， fā zhǎn xùn sù。 yīn tè wǎng pǔ jí shuài jiào gāo， jié zhì 2002 nián dǐ， shàng wǎng rén shù dá 2627 wàn míng， zhàn quán guó rén kǒu de 55.1%。 chū bǎn yè fā dá， zhù cè chū bǎn shè gòng yòu 12700 duō jiā。 zá zhì zhǒng lèi fán duō， chuàng tíng kān pín fán。 tōng xùn shè lián hé tōng xìn， １ ９ ８ ０ nián１ ２ yuè yóu hé tóng tōng xìn shè hé dōng yáng tōng xìn shè hé bìng 'ér chéng，１９９９ nián zài hé bìng nèi wài tōng xìn， shì hán guó xīn wén méi tǐ gòng bàn de yī gè hé zuò xìng tōng xùn shè。 gāi tōng xùn shè zài huá shèng dùn、 niǔ yuē、 luò shān jī、 dōng jīng、 bā lí、 lún dūn、 màn gǔ、 bù yí nuò sī 'ài lì sī、 bù lǔ sài 'ěr、 kāi luó、 xiāng gǎng、 mò sī kē hé běi jīng shè yòu fēn shè。 hán guó yòu１０ jiā quán guó xìng guǎng bō gōng sī， lìng yòu dì fāng guǎng bō gōng sī ５９ jiā， yòu xiàn guǎng bō gōng sī８１ jiā。 hán guó guǎng bō gōng sī（ KBS）１９２ ７ nián kāi shǐ shì bō， zì１９５ ３ nián kāi shǐ duì wài guǎng bō， zhèng fǔ kòng gǔ guǎng bō gōng sī， yōng yòu quán guó xìng guǎng bō wǎng， mù qián yòng hán、 yīng、 hàn、 fǎ、 rì děng 11 zhǒng yǔ yán bō yīn。 diàn shì tái chéng lì yú１９ ６１ nián１２ yuè， zì１９９６ nián７ yuè qǐ kāi tōng liǎng gè pín dào de wèi xīng diàn shì jié mù， zhù yào yǐ shù zì xìn hào bō fàng。 wén huà guǎng bō gōng sī（ MBC）１９６１ nián１２ yuè kāi bàn， yōng yòu quán guó xìng guǎng bō wǎng， diàn shì tái chéng lì yú１９６９ nián８ yuè， zài gè dà chéng shì yòu wèi xīng zhuǎn bō zhàn。 shǒu 'ěr（ jiù yì“ hàn chéng”） guǎng bō gōng sī diàn shì tái１９９１ nián１２ yuè kāi bō。 jī dū jiào guǎng bō gōng sī（ CBS）１９５ ４ nián kāi bàn， sī yíng， zhù yào bō sòng xīn wén、 yú lè yǐ jí jiào yù hé zōng jiào jié mù。 qí diàn shì jié mù yě yòu yī dìng yǐng xiǎng。 yuǎn dōng guǎng bō diàn tái（ FEBC）１９５６ nián１２ yuè kāi bàn， měi zhōu bō sòng１００ xiǎo shí de hán、 yīng、 hàn、 é yǔ jié mù。 dà hán mín guó jūn duì guǎng bō diàn tái jiàn yú１９５４ nián， zhuān mén wéi jūn duì bō yīn。 zhù hán měi jūn guǎng bō diàn tái１９５０ nián１０ yuè kāi shǐ bō yīn。 tóng qí diàn shì tái yī qǐ， zhuān wéi zhù hán měi jūn jí qí jiā shǔ fú wù， yòng yīng yǔ quán tiān bō yīn。 jiāo tōng guǎng bō diàn tái hé diàn shì tái１９９０ nián６ yuè chéng lì。 jiào yù guǎng bō diàn tái hé diàn shì tái１９９０ nián１２ yuè chéng lì。 hán guó gòng yòu３９ gè diàn shì tái， qí zhōng２０ gè shì shāng yè diàn shì tái。 hán guó zì１９９５ nián qǐ kāi bō yòu xiàn diàn shì， fā zhǎn xùn sù。 yīn tè wǎng pǔ jí shuài jiào gāo， jié zhì２００２ nián dǐ， shàng wǎng rén shù dá２６２７ wàn míng , zhàn quán guó rén kǒu de５５ .１ ％。 chū bǎn yè fā dá， zhù cè chū bǎn shè gòng yòu１２７００ duō jiā。 zá zhì zhǒng lèi fán duō， chuàng tíng kān pín fán。 【 lì shǐ míng rén】 lǐ shùn chén（ 1545-1598）： mín zú yīng xióng。 chū shēn yú mòluò shì dà fū jiā tíng， yòu shí jiā jìng pín hán。 tā pō yòu xué wèn， néng qí shàn shè， 32 suì shí wǔ jǔ dēng kē， cóng cǐ kāi shǐ jūn lǚ shēng yá。 tā gāng zhí bùē、 yī shēng yōu guó yōu mín， zhuī qiú zhèng yì， jǐ chù nì jìng 'ér wú huǐ wú yuàn。 47 suì rèn quán luó zuǒ dào shuǐ jūn jié dù shǐ hòu， jī jí cāo liàn shuǐ jūn， gòu zhù fáng yù zhèn dì， bìng chuàng jiàn liǎo tiě jiá zhàn jiàn guī chuán， fáng fàn wō kòu de jìn fàn。 dāng shí rì běn fēng chén xiù jí yǐ jīng wán chéng liǎo guó nèi sì dǎo de tǒng yī， wàng tú yǐ wǔ lì zhēng fú cháo xiān hé zhōng guó。 1592 nián， tā shuài lǐng 20 duō wàn dà jūn jìn fàn cháo xiān bìng gōng xiàn hàn chéng（ xiàn yì“ [fontid=Markstyle="COLOR:#ee6600;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow"] shǒu 'ěr [/font]”）， zhàn lǐng liǎo dà bàn gè cháo xiān bàn dǎo， hán guó chēng zhè yī duàn lì shǐ wéi“ rén chén wō luàn”。 yìng cháo xiān wáng cháo zhī qǐng， míng cháo pài bīng chū yuán， cóng cǐ kāi shǐ liǎo cháng dá 7 nián de zhōng cháo liǎng guó jūn mín gòng tóng kàng jī rì kòu de zhàn zhēng， shǐ chēng“ rén chén wèi guó zhàn zhēng”。 lǐ shùn chén jiāng jūn hé zhōng guó shuǐ jūn bìng jiān zuò zhàn， duō cì jī bài rì jūn， lǚ lì qí gōng。 1598 nián 12 yuè， tā yǔ míng cháo shuǐ jūn zhòngchuāng dí kòu， zài jī zhàn zhōng bù xìng zhòngdàn shēn wáng。 liǎng nián hòu， cháo tíng wéi biǎo zhāng tā de gōng jì， fēng tā wéi yī jí xuān wǔ gōng chén。 1643 nián jí tā sǐ hòu de 45 nián， zèng shì“ zhōng wǔ”。 cóng cǐ， cháo xiān bàn dǎo rén mín wèile jì niàn tā， chēng tā wéi“ zhōng wǔ gōng”。 gòngfèng zhe lǐ shùn chén jiāng jūn líng wèi de xiǎn zhōng cí jiàn yú 1706 nián， wèi yú fāng huá shān jiǎo xià， zhōu wéi qún shān huán bào， cí nèi sōng bǎi chéng yìn。 xiǎn zhōng cí zhàn dì 50 duō wàn píng fāng mǐ， chú liǎo“ běn diàn” zhī wài， hái yòu“ hào”、“ gǔ zhái”、“ jiā miào” yǐ jí lǐ shì jiā zú shǐ yòng guò de shuǐ jǐng děng gǔ shì jiàn zhù。 yòu guān lǐ shùn chén jiāng jūn de lì shǐ zī liào hé dāng nián tā yǔ wō kòu hǎi zhàn shí shǐ yòng guò de wǔ qì děng shí wù， míng cháo huáng dì cì yǔ tā de dū dū yìn、 lìng pái hé zhǎn dāo děng 8 jiàn cì pǐn de fù zhì jiàn， zé bèi jīng xīn dì bǎo cún zài“ yí wù guǎn” lǐ。 měi féng 4 yuè 28 rì， jí lǐ shùn chén dàn shēng de rì zǐ， xiǎn zhōng cí dōuyào jǔ xíng jì sì huó dòng。 xiǎn zhōng cí zài rì běn dì guó zhù yì de cán kù zhèn yā xià yī dù huāng tuí， 1945 nián rì běn tóu jiàng hòu， jì niàn zhōng wǔ gōng de huó dòng dé yǐ huī fù。 1966 nián， hán guó zhèng fǔ jiāng cǐ dì bì wéi“ shèng yù”， chóngjiàn xiǎn zhōng cí， yuán qū de zōng hé jǐng guān gōng chéng yī zhí chí xù dào 1974 nián。 【 hán guó jiǎn shǐ】 gǔ cháo xiān shí dài zhōng guó de shǐ jí zhōng yòu“ dōng yí”， yì jí dōng biān de mín zú（ yí hán yòu biǎn yì）。 dōng yí shì huá xià mín zú duì dōng fāng mín zú de chēng hū， bìng fēi dān zhǐ mǒu yī zú qún。 qí rèn dìng fàn wéi yě suí zhī gēnggǎi。 cóng huáng dì shí qī de shān dōng， hé nán yī dài， dào zhōng guó dōng běi， zài dào rì hòu qín hàn shí qī de cháo xiān bàn dǎo， rì běn liè dǎo。 cháo xiān hé hán guó rèn wéi： xiàn dài cháo xiān rén kě néng shì dōng yí de yī zhī . cháo xiān bàn dǎo jù shuō yòu wǔ qiān nián lì shǐ， dàn shì yīn wéi quē shǎo zhí jiē zhèng jù， zhōng guó yǐ jí rì běn shǐ xué jiè bìng bù yú yǐ chéng rèn。 cháo xiān lì shǐ gēn jù chuán shuō zuì yuǎn kě yǐ zhuī sù zhì tán jūn jiàn guó。 zài shù shí wàn nián qián， cháo xiān bàn dǎo zhī shàng yǐ yòu yuán shǐ rén lèi jū zhù。 cháo xiān bàn dǎo de jiù shí qì shí dài shǐ yú gōng yuán qián 70 wàn nián， gōng yuán qián 10 shì jì kāi shǐ jìn rù qīng tóng qì shí dài。 dào liǎo gōng yuán qián 4 shì jì jìn rù tiě qì shí dài。 hán guó hé cháo xiān shǐ xué jiā cāi xiǎng cháo xiān rén yuán lái shì shēng huó zài yà zhōu běi miàn dà lù de 'ā 'ěr tài yǔ xì gè mín zú， zhú jiàn qiān yí dào cháo xiān bàn dǎo běi bù 'ér yǎn biàn 'ér lái， cóng gōng yuán qián 4 shì jì， zài běi bù xíng chéng liǎo yī gè nú lì zhì guó jiā， shǐ chēng gǔ cháo xiān。 ér zài bàn dǎo nán bù yóu tǔ zhù bù luò xíng chéng jǐ gè bù luò lián méng， wò jù、 huì、 mǎ hán、 chén hán、 biàn hán。 hòu lái mǎ hán tǒng yī sān hán， chēng chén guó。 jī zǐ shí dài zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng suǒ jìzǎi de cháo xiān zuì zǎo shì xī zhōu miè shāng zhī hòu， shāng cháo yí chén jī zǐ dào cháo xiān bàn dǎo yǔ dāng dì tǔ zhù jiàn lì liǎo“ jī shì hóu guó”。 gōng yuán qián 3 shì jì mò， cháo xiān lì shǐ shàng dì yī cì yòu suǒ jìzǎi。 zài zhōng guó hàn dài de lì shǐ xué jiā sī mǎ qiān de zhù zuò《 shǐ jì》 zhōng jìzǎi， shāng dài zuì hòu yī gè guó wáng zhòu de xiōng dì jī zǐ zài zhōu wǔ wáng fá zhòu hòu， dài zhe shāng dài de lǐ yí hé zhì dù dào liǎo cháo xiān bàn dǎo běi bù， bèi nà lǐ de rén mín tuī jǔ wèiguó jūn， bìng dé dào zhōu cháo de chéng rèn 'ér chéng wéi zhū hóu。 shǐ chēng“ jī zǐ cháo xiān”。 gēn jù hán guó rén de lì shǐ shū《 sān guó yí shì》 suǒ zài， tán jūn de hòu rén zài jī zǐ lái dào cháo xiān zhī hòu， dài zhù rén mín nán qiān， yǐ miǎn hé jī zǐ dài lái de rén zuò chéng chōng tū。 zhè xiē rén hòu lái chéng wèile sān hán de shǐ zǔ。 jī zǐ shí dài zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo chí xù liǎo jìn yī qiān nián。 gēn jù《 tài yuán xiān yú shì shì pǔ》， cháo xiān de xiān yú shì yuán zì jī zǐ shí dài de hòu rén。 ér tā men cóng jī zǐ kāi shǐ， yī gòng jīng lì liǎo 41 dài jūn zhù， zhí dào gōng yuán qián 1 shì jì cái bèi yàn rén wèi mǎn qǔ dài。 qí hòu dài jī zhǔn táo zhì nán fāng， yǔ sān hán hé liú。 jù shuō sān hán zhōng de“ chén hán” biàn shì jī zǐ hòu dài。 gāolí shí dài， cháo xiān wáng cháo shí qī， yóu yú rú xué xīng shèng de guān xì， jī zǐ shì shòu dào jí dà de tuī chóng yǔ zàn shǎng。 cháo xiān rén shí cháng yǐ“ jī shèng” lái chēng hū jī zǐ， ér chēng zì jǐ de guó jiā jiào“ jī shèng guó”。 wèi shì shí dài gēn jù《 shǐ jì》， yàn guó de jiāng jūn wèi mǎn shuài yí mín jìn rù cháo xiān bàn dǎo， bìng chéng wéi jī zǐ cháo xiān de gōng xiāng。 yú gōng yuán qián 194 nián zài píng rǎng yī dài jiàn lì wèi shì zhèng quán， tuī fān liǎo jī zǐ cháo xiān de zhèng quán。 zhè shì cháo xiān lì shǐ shàng dì 'èr gè wáng cháo， chēng“ wèi shì shí dài”。 mù qián méi néng gòu kǎo gǔ xué de kǎo zhèng duì wèi shì cháo xiān de jiàn guó guò chéng。 hàn sì jùn yǔ sān hán shí dài gōng yuán qián 108 nián hàn wǔ dì gōng miè wèi shì cháo xiān， zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo běi bù shè lì lè làng、 xuán tù、 lín tún、 zhēn fān sì jùn， shǐ chēng“ hàn sì jùn”。 gōng yuán qián 82 nián， yīn wéi gǔ cháo xiān rén hé dāng dì bù zú de dǐ kàng， fèi zhǐ lín tún hé zhēn fān de liǎng jùn。 gōng yuán qián 75 nián xuán tù jùn qiān yí dào liáo dōng。 lè làng jùn， zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo běi bù qiān yí hěn duō cì， wáng mǎng zhèng quán de xīn cháo shí lè làng dú lì， zài gōng yuán 30 nián dōng hàn（ hòu hàn） cháo tíng shōu fù lè làng jùn。 zài dōng hàn mò nián， liáo dōng de gōng sūn shì（《 sān guó yǎn yì》 zhōng yòu gōng sūn yuān） fēn lè làng jùn nán bù shè dài fāng jùn， zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo nán bù de tǔ zhù de hán rén jiàn lì yǐ chén hán、 mǎ hán hé biàn hán wéi zhōng xīn de chén guó， tóng shí cún zài gā yē děng xiǎo guó。 sān guó shí dài yóu yú hàn cháo jiě tǐ， jìn rù sān guó jí hòu lái de dōng jìn shí liù guó hé nán běi cháo de dà zhàn luàn， suī rán zài xī jìn， shí liù guó shí qī de xiān bēi mù róng shì de qián yàn dū céng kòng zhì guò yuán lái hàn cháo zài cháo xiān běi bù de lǐng dì， dàn zuì zhōng hái shì yīn wéi jí zhōng zhù yì lì zài zhōng yuán de zhēng duó 'ér zhú jiàn sàng shī liǎo duì gāi dì qū de kòng zhì lì， yú shì， zài zhōng guó dōng běi nán bù xíng chéng liǎo gāo jù lì wáng guó， bìng zhú jiàn qiáng dà， zuì qiáng shèng shí céng kòng zhì zhōng guó liáo dōng dì qū hé cháo xiān bàn dǎo běi bù de yuán” hàn sì jùn“ dì qū； yǔ cǐ tóng shí qián 1 shì jì zhōng yè， chén guó yě kāi shǐ jiě tǐ。 qí jiù lǐng nèi chū xiàn de xīn luó、 bǎi jì kāi shǐ rì jiàn qiáng shèng， gōng yuán 4 shì jì， cháo xiān bàn dǎo xíng chéng liǎo gāo jù lì、 xīn luó、 bǎi jì de sān guó dǐng lì shí qī。 shǐ chēng“ qián sān guó shí qī” zài gōng yuán qián hòu（《 sān guó shǐ jì》 jìzǎi zài gōng yuán qián yī shì jì zhōng）， cháo xiān bàn dǎo shàng chū xiàn liǎo sān dà zhèng quán： xīn luó（ qián 57 nián － 935 nián）、 gāo jù lì（ qián 37 nián－ 668 nián）、 bǎi jì（ qián 18 nián－ 660 nián）。 zài bàn dǎo nán duān hái yòu gā yē děng zhèng quán。 gè guó hù xiāng gōng fá， tóng shí yě chū xiàn liǎo cháo xiān bàn dǎo lì shǐ shàng de yī gè bǐ jiào fán róng de shí qī。 bǎi jì shì yóu mǎ hán bù luò fā zhǎn qǐ lái de， xīn luó shì chén hán zhōng yī gè xiǎo bù luò xíng chéng de。 bǎi jì yǐ kào xiàng zhōng guó nán cháo gè dài cháo tíng qiǎn shǐ cháo gòng de fāng shì， cóng zhōng guó xī shōu wén huà bìng xiàng rì běn chuán bō。 gā yē yǔ rèn nà rì běn fǔ zài rì běn fāng miàn， yòu yī bù fēn xué zhě rèn wéi wèi yú cháo xiān bàn dǎo nán duān biàn hán（ jīn qìng shàng nán dào） dì qū de gā yē děng zhèng quán shì dāng shí rì běn dà hé cháo tíng zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo de zhí mín dì“ rèn nà rì běn fǔ”。 bàn dǎo sān guó zhōng de bǎi jì wéi dǐ yù gāo jù lì hé xīn luó de qīn gōng 'ér jiē jìn rì běn， xiǎng jiè yóu rì běn qiān zhì liǎng guó。 rì běn zé qǐ tú lì yòng cǐ yī xíng shì zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo jiàn lì zì jǐ de shì lì。 yóu cǐ dǎo zhì liǎo sì shì jì shí dà hé cháo tíng chū bīng xīn luó， zhàn lǐng biàn hán， shè zhì rì běn fǔ jìn xíng tǒng zhì。 512 nián， bǎi jì qiǎn shǐ yào qiú dà hé cháo tíng gē ràng rèn nà sì xiàn yǐ bǔ cháng bèi gāo jù lì zhàn lǐng de běi bù lǐng tǔ。 dāng shí de dà hé cháo tíng yīn wú lì jì xù tǒng zhì cháo xiān nán bù dì qū， bù dé bù dāyìng bǎi jì de yào qiú。 562 nián， rèn nà rì běn fǔ bèi xīn luó suǒ miè。 ér zài cháo xiān hé hán guó fāng miàn， hěn duō xué zhě fǒu rèn dāng shí zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo cún zài rì běn zhí mín dì rèn nà。 xiāng fǎn de， tā men rèn wéi zài rì běn liè dǎo shàng cún zài zhe xǔ duō bèi bǎi jì， gā yē hé xīn luó tǒng zhì de xiǎo guó， zài bàn dǎo gè guó xiāng hù zhēng xióng zhī shí yě céng jìng xiāng lì yòng qí zài rì běn liè dǎo gè shǔ guó de lì liàng。 zài rì běn， gēn jù“ gāo tiān yuán shén huà” ( jì jì shén huà )， yòu guò wō guó tǒng zhì rèn nà de jiàn jiě。 cóng 1960 nián dài kāi shǐ， zài hán guó cháo xiān zài yàn zhèng jì jì shén huà shàng de yòu guān rèn nà rì běn fǔ de jì shù， jiēguǒ fǒu rèn jì jì shén huà de kě kào xìng， cóng 1970 nián dài kāi shǐ rì běn lì shǐ xué jiè yě dé dào dà gài tóng yàng de jié lùn。 tóng yàng de sān guó guān yú gāo jù lì“ hǎo tài wáng bēi” bēi wén de jiě dú yě cún zài hěn duō zhēng lùn， shèn zhì yòu cháo xiān xué zhě zhǐ hǎo tài wáng bēi bēi wén céng zāo jiù rì běn lù jūn cān móu běn bù cuàn gǎi。 xīn luó shí dài xīn luó yǐ xiàng táng cháo chēng chén de tiáo jiàn yǔ xīn xīng de táng cháo jié méng， gāo zōng zài wèi shí， táng cháo dà jūn yú gōng yuán 660 nián lián hé xīn luó gōng miè bǎi jì， yòu yú 668 nián hé jiè dào xīn luó hé bǎi jì gù dì nán běi jiā jī bìng gōng miè gāo jù lì， bìng yóu dàjiàng xuē rén guì zài gāo jù lì yǔ bǎi jì jiù dì jiàn lì 'ān dōng dū hù fǔ。 yóu yú chū xiàn fǎn kàng yǐ jí dāng shí táng cháo hái yào fáng yù tū jué de wēi xié， 676 nián táng jūn cóng bǎi jì gù dì chè tuì bìng jiāng gāi dì zhuǎn jiāo xīn luó， xīn luó zuì zhōng dé yǐ tǒng yī cháo xiān bàn dǎo dà bù， dìng dū qìng zhōu， xiào fǎng táng cháo de guó jiā zhì dù jìn xíng tǒng zhì。 9 shì jì， gè dì nóng mín qǐ yì， 900 nián bù duì jiànglǐng zhēn xuān chēng wáng， jiàn hòu bǎi jì guó， dìng dū guāng zhōu； 903 nián qǐ yì sēng lǚ jīn gōng yì chēng wáng， yú xīn luó běi jí xī běi jiàn tài fēng guó（ xiān hào mó zhèn guó）， dìng dū tiě yuán， 918 nián wáng jiàn jiàn lì gāolí wáng cháo， cǐ hòu dìng guó hào“ gāolí”， hé yuán xīn luó bìng chēng wéi“ hòu sān guó shí qī”。 xīn luó 935 nián wáng yú gāolí， xīn luó shí dài jié shù。 gāolí shí dài 918 nián， hòu gāo jù lì de gōng yì wáng de bù jiāng wáng jiàn bèi bù jiāng yōng lì wéi wáng， qiān dū zhì zì jǐ de jiā xiāng kāi chéng（ sōng yuè）， gǎi guó hào wéi“ gāolí”。 935 nián miè xīn luó， 936 nián miè hòu bǎi jì， jiàn lì gāolí wáng cháo。 993 nián bèi liáo guó jī bài， bèi pò duàn jué hé sòng cháo guān xì， xiàng liáo guó chēng chén， 1127 nián bèi pò chén fú jīn guó。 zài dǐ yù qì dān hé nǚ zhēn qī jiān， jūn rén shì lì dà zēng， 1170 nián hé 1173 nián， yǐ wǔ jiāng zhèng zhòng fū wéi shǒu， fā shēng liǎng cì zhèng biàn， zhèng biàn jūn rén fèi lì guó wáng， dà shā guì zú wén guān， zuì zhōng jiàn lì liǎo wǔ jiāng cuī zhōng xiàn xié chí guó wáng de“ dū fáng” zhèng quán。 1231 nián měnggǔ jūn jìn gōng gāolí， 1258 nián cuī shì zhèng quán kuà tái， guó wáng tóu jiàng měnggǔ。 bù fú tóu jiàng měnggǔ de sān bié shā fā dòng kàng měnggǔ zhàn zhēng， 1273 nián měnggǔ zhàn lǐng jì zhōu dǎo， jié shù kàng měnggǔ zhàn zhēng。 1280 nián yuán cháo wèile jìn gōng rì běn zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo shè zhì zhēng dōng xíng shěng， zài gāolí shǒu dū pài qiǎn“ dá lǔ huā chì” kòng zhì gāolí guó zhèng， gāolí guó wáng zhǐ néng zhù zài jiāng huá dǎo shàng。 1281 nián suí zhe jìn gōng rì běn shī bài céng yī dù jiě sàn zhēng dōng xíng shěng， 1287 nián fù shè zhēng dōng xíng shěng， bìng yǐ gāolí wáng jiān rèn zhēng dōng xíng shěng dá lǔ huā chì， chéng wéi yuán cháo de fān shǔ guó， zhí dào 1356 nián gōng mǐn wáng huí fù shí gāolí cháo tíng cái chóngxīn zhǎng wò tǒng zhì quán。 cháo xiān wáng cháo shí dài 1368 nián míng cháo tuī fān yuán cháo， 1370 nián gāolí cháo gòng míng cháo， 1387 nián zhū yuán zhāng yào jìn gōng yuán dōng běi yuán cháo shǔ dì， dàn shì gāolí guó nèi réng rán zhī chí měnggǔ cán yú shì lì。 1388 nián gāolí guó wáng pài dū tǒng shǐ lǐ chéng guì jìn gōng liáo dōng， lǐ chéng guì zé zǎo yǐ jué xīn guī fù míng cháo， yú shì tā cóng yālùjiāng biān huí bīng zhàn lǐng shǒu dū kāi chéng fā dòng zhèng biàn， 1392 nián fèi chù guó wáng zì lì， xiàng míng cháo qiǎn shǐ chēng chén， zūn zhào míng tài zǔ zhū yuán zhāng de zhǐ yì， gǎi guó hào wéi cháo xiān， qǔ“ zhāorì xiān míng” zhī yì， dìng dū hàn yáng。 cǐ shí dài bèi rì běn chēng wéi“ lǐ shì cháo xiān”， zhè gè míng chēng zài duō shù de lì shǐ jiè yī zhí yán yòng zhì jīn。 1401 nián， tài zōng kāi shǐ jiē shòu cóng míng cháo de cè fēng chéng wéi“ cháo xiān guó wáng”。 zhèng shì què lì yǔ zhōng guó bǎo chí dào jìn dài de shǔ guó guān xì。 1469 nián wán chéng de《 jīng guó dà diǎn》 què lì liǎo xīn de zhèng zhì zhì dù。 lǐ shì cháo xiān shí xíng tuī chóng rú xué、 pái chì fó jiào de zhèng cè。 1591 nián rì běn guān bái fēng chén xiù jí shuài bīng 20 wàn qīn rù cháo xiān， yī dù zhàn lǐng píng rǎng。 zhōng guó míng cháo pài jūn yuán cháo， 1598 nián rì jūn bèi zhōng cháo lián jūn jī kuì， cháo xiān jiànglǐng lǐ shùn chén hé zhōng guó jiànglǐng dèng zǐ lóng hù xiāng zhī yuán , zuì hòu dū zhuàng liè xī shēng。 cǐ duàn lì shǐ shǐ chēng“ rén chén wō luàn”， xiàn dài zhōng guó chēng wéi“ wàn lì yuán cháo zhàn zhēng”。 1618 nián míng cháo hé hòu jīn zuò zhàn， cháo xiān pài jūn yuán zhù míng cháo， 1636 nián qīng jūn gōng zhàn cháo xiān， guó wáng tóu jiàng， gāi xiàng qīng cháo cháo gòng， chéng wéi qīng cháo de cè fēng guó。 1894 nián cháo xiān bào fā dà guī mó nóng mín qǐ yì， cháo xiān cháo tíng wú lì zhèn yā， ér xiàng qīng cháo qiú yuán。 yú shì， 6 yuè 6 rì qīng cháo yuán jūn zài yá shān dēng lù， ér rì běn jūn duì yě yǐ cì wéi jiè kǒu chèn jī yú 7 yuè 6 rì zài rén chuān dēng lù， bìng fā dòng rén wǔ shì biàn， zhàn lǐng hàn yáng， qiǎngpò cháo xiān qiān dìng bù píng děng de《 jì wù pǔ tiáo yuē》（ jì wù pǔ jí jīn tiān de rén chuān）。 bìng qiě zǔ zhì qīn rì pài zhèng fǔ， zhèn yā liǎo nóng mín qǐ yì。 1894 nián rì běn jìn gōng zhù cháo xiān de qīng jūn， tiǎo qǐ liǎo zhōng rì jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng。 1895 nián 4 yuè， qīng jūn shī bài， qiān dìng《 zhōng rì mǎ guān tiáo yuē》， tóng yì fàng qì cháo xiān de zōng zhù quán， yú shì rì běn kòng zhì xià de cháo xiān cháo tíng xuān bù zhōng zhǐ yǔ qīng cháo de cè fēng guān xì。 tóng nián， rì běn 'àn shā liǎo yòu fǎn rì qīng xiàng de míng chéng huáng hòu。 1896 nián gāo zōng zài 'é guó zhī chí xià chēng dì dēng jí， chéng lì dà hán dì guó， cóng cǐ cháo xiān gǎi wéi hán。 1904 nián rì 'é zhàn zhēng hòu， é guó zhàn bài， cháo xiān zhèng quán chè dǐ bèi rì běn kòng zhì。 rì běn tǒng zhì shí qī rì běn yú 1910 nián 8 yuè pò shǐ hán guó zhèng fǔ tóng zhī qiān dìng《 rì cháo hé bìng tiáo yuē》， zhèng shì tūn bìng cháo xiān bàn dǎo， lún wéi liǎo rì běn de zhí mín dì， bìng shè lì cháo xiān zǒng dū fǔ， jìn xíng zhí mín tǒng zhì。 rì běn jiāng hán guó wáng shì fēng wéi rì běn guì zú， ràng gāo zōng tuì wèi， yōng lì shùn zōng。 dà hán mín guó lín shí zhèng fǔ 1919 nián 3 yuè 1 rì， cháo xiān bàn dǎo yīn rì běn jìn zhǐ zài xué xiào nèi shǐ yòng cháo xiān mín zú yǔ yán， zhǎn kāi dà guī mó fǎn kàng huó dòng。 liǔ kuān shùn děng qīng nián xué zǐ zài jīn rì hàn chéng zhōng lù qū de tǎ dòng gōng yuán fā biǎo“ sān yī dú lì xuān yán”， bìng bǎ dú lì xuān yán chuán biàn quán guó。 zhè xiē dú lì huó dòng yǐn qǐ guó mín de fǎn kàng， bìng chōng jī gè dì de rì běn jǐng chá jī guān， ér yǐn zhì rì běn jǐng chá de bào lì zhèn yā。 shǐ chēng“ sān yī yùn dòng”。 tóng nián， cháo xiān bàn dǎo dú lì yùn dòng lǐng dǎo rén xiān hòu zài hǎishēn wǎi、 shàng hǎi、 hàn chéng chéng lì lín shí zhèng fǔ。 zuì hòu， sān chù lín shí zhèng fǔ bìng yú shàng hǎi“ dà hán mín guó lín shí zhèng fǔ”。 lín shí zhèng fǔ huò dé zhōng guó guó fù sūn zhōng shān lǐng dǎo de hù fǎ zhèng fǔ yǐ jí fǎ guó、 bō lán děng guó de chéng rèn。 1939 nián shàng hǎi lún xiàn hòu， lín shí zhèng fǔ jǐ cì qiān yí， zuì zhōng yú 1940 nián 9 yuè qiān zhì dāng shí zhōng guó de zhàn shí péi dū chóngqìng。 zài zhōng guó zhèng fǔ bāng zhù xià， cháo xiān bàn dǎo fù guó yùn dòng rén shì zài zhōng guó chéng lì“ hán guó guāng fù jūn” hé“ cháo xiān yì yǒng duì”。 1941 nián 12 yuè 7 rì tài píng yáng zhàn zhēng bào fā， lín shí zhèng fǔ yú 12 yuè 9 rì xiàng rì běn xuān zhàn。 1942 nián 5 yuè 15 rì， zhōng guó jūn shì wěi yuán huì jué dìng jiāng liǎng zhī wǔ zhuāng hé bìng wéi hán guó guāng fù jūn， jiāo yóu lín shí zhèng fǔ zhí jiē tǒng xiá。 1945 nián 11 yuè 23 rì， dà hán mín guó lín shí zhèng fǔ qiān huí guó nèi， guāng fù jūn yě yú cì nián fǎn guó。 cháo xiān gòng chǎn dǎng wǔ zhuāng cóng 1932 nián qǐ， cháo xiān gòng chǎn dǎng rén jīn rì chéng lǐng dǎo de yóu jī duì zài zhōng guó dōng běi kāi zhǎn kàng rì yóu jī huó dòng。 jīn rì chéng kàng rì bù duì céng zài 1937 nián zhàn lǐng cháo xiān běi bù de pǔ tiān bǎo zhèn， 1941 nián bèi pò tuì chū dào sū lián。 cháo xiān zhàn zhēng 1945 nián rì běn tóu jiàng， yǐ běi wěi 38 dù xiàn wéi jiè， fēn bié yóu sū lián hé měi guó jūn duì jiē shōu。 zài měi sū de gè zì zhī chí xià yú 1948 nián 8 yuè chéng lì dà hán mín guó， 1948 nián 9 yuè chéng lì cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó。 1950 nián 6 yuè 25 rì cháo xiān zǔ guó jiě fàng zhàn zhēng bào fā， cháo xiān rén mín jūn qī chū yī lù shèng lì， jiāng hán guó guó jūn yā zhì dào fǔ shān yī dài， yú shì měi guó jué xīn jiè rù， pài bīng yú 9 yuè 15 rì zài rén chuān dēng lù， cháo xiān rén mín jūn miàn lín bèi měi hán jūn duì lán yāo zhǎn duàn zhī shì， bèi pò chè tuì。 bìng bèi měi jūn yī lù yā zhì dào yālùjiāng yī dài。 zhàn huǒ shāo dào yālùjiāng biān， yán zhòng wēi xié dōng běi biān jiāng de 'ān níng， zhè shǐ dé chéng lì cái yī nián yòu yú de xīn zhōng guó yě bèi pò jiè rù。 10 yuè 19 rì zhōng guó rén mín zhì yuàn jūn kuà guò yālùjiāng， kāi shǐ kàng měi yuán cháo。 10 yuè 25 rì， zhì yuàn jūn shǒu zhàn jiān miè nán hán liù shī。 jīng guò fǎn fù de lā jù zhàn yǐ hòu， shuāng fāng zuì zhōng jué dìng 1953 nián 7 yuè 27 rì yǐ lín shí fēn jiè xiàn（ sān bā xiàn） wéi jiè， zhōng cháo lián jūn tóng měi guó zhù dǎo xià de lián hé guó jūn qiān dìng tíng zhàn xié dìng， bìng yóu lián hé guó zhǐ pài yǒng jiǔ zhōng lì guó ruì shì jí ruì diǎn zhù jūn yú gòng tóng jǐng bèi qū yù， yǐ jiān chá liǎng guó zài biān jìng de jūn shì xíng dòng。 1958 nián 10 yuè 26 rì， zhōng guó rén mín zhì yuàn jūn quán bù chè lí cháo xiān bàn dǎo， ér měi guó zhì jīn réng yòu jūn duì zhù zhā zài hán guó。 【 wài jiāo】 dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn hòu， yóu yú lěng zhàn xū yào， hán guó yǐ duì měi、 rì wài jiāo wéi zhù。 20 shì jì 70 nián dài chū kāi shǐ tuī xíng mén hù kāi fàng zhèng cè。 1998 nián 2 yuè， jīn dà zhōng jiù rèn zǒng tǒng hòu， jì xù zhì lì yú gǒng gù yǔ měi、 rì de tóng méng guān xì， tóng shí jiā qiáng yǔ zhōng、 é de yǒu hǎo guān xì。 zài duì cháo zhèng cè shàng， jīn dà zhōng tuī xíng“ yáng guāng zhèng cè”， tí chū hù bù shǐ yòng wǔ lì、 bù gǎo xī shōu tǒng yī、 jiā qiáng nán běi jiāo liú yǔ hé zuò de“ duì běi sān yuán zé”， zhù zhāng yǐ jié shù cháo xiān bàn dǎo lěng zhàn jié gòu de“ yī lǎn zǐ fāng 'àn” gēn běn jiě jué cháo xiān bàn dǎo wèn tí。 hán guó xiàng cháo xiān tí gōng dà liàng dà mǐ、 xiǎo mài、 huà féi、 shuǐ ní、 zhòng yóu děng yuán zhù。 hán guó yú 1991 nián 9 yuè 17 rì tóng cháo xiān yī qǐ jiā rù lián hé guó。 2003 nián 2 yuè， lú wǔ xuàn zǒng tǒng jiù rèn hòu， qiáng diào fā zhǎn hán měi hù huì píng děng guān xì， cù jìn hán zhōng rì dōng běi yà qū yù hé zuò， tóng shí jiā qiáng tóng 'é、 dōng méng、 ōu méng děng qí tā guó jiā de guān xì， jī jí cānyù dì qū hé guó jì shì wù。 2007 nián 10 yuè， hán guó zǒng tǒng lú wǔ xuàn fǎng wèn cháo xiān， xuān bù duì cháo xiān tí gōng 17 yì měi yuán yuán zhù， yǐ jiā qiáng nán běi jīng jì hé zuò。 yǔ zhōng guó guān xì zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhèng fǔ 1992 nián yǐ qián， zhǐ chéng rèn cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó shì dài biǎo cháo xiān bàn dǎo wéi yī hé fǎ zhèng fǔ。 dàn shì suí zhe lěng zhàn jié shù， guó jì guān xì huǎn hé， zhōng hán liǎng guó rén mín jiāo liú jiā shēn， jiàn jiāo zhǐ shì shí jiān wèn tí。 1992 nián 8 yuè 24 rì， zhōng hán liǎng guó jiàn jiāo。 jiàn jiāo hòu liǎng guó gè fāng miàn guān xì fā zhǎn xùn sù。 2003 nián 7 yuè， lú wǔ xuàn zǒng tǒng duì zhōng guó jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn， liǎng guó fā biǎo lián hé shēng míng， xuān bù jiàn lì quán miàn hé zuò huǒ bàn guān xì。 2005 nián 11 yuè， guó jiā zhù xí hú jǐn tāo duì hán guó jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn， bìng chū xí zài hán guó fǔ shān jǔ xíng de yà tài jīng hé zǔ zhì dì shí sān cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 2006 nián 10 yuè 13 rì， lú wǔ xuàn zǒng tǒng duì zhōng guó jìn xíng gōng zuò fǎng wèn。 2007 nián 4 yuè， wēn jiā bǎo zǒng lǐ duì hán guó jìn xíng zhèng shì fǎng wèn。 tóng nián 12 yuè， hán guó zǒng lǐ hán dé zhū fǎng huá。 mù qián， zhōng guó shì hán guó dì yī dà mào yì huǒ bàn， zuì dà de chū kǒu shì chǎng hé zuì dà de tóu zī duì xiàng guó， hán guó shì zhōng guó de dì sān dà mào yì huǒ bàn hé dì sì dà wài shāng zhí jiē tóu zī lái yuán dì。 2006 nián， zhōng hán liǎng guó shuāng biān mào yì 'é dá 1340 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 20％。 【 lǐng tǔ zhēng duān】 dú dǎo wèn tí dú dǎo（ Dokdo huò Tokdo） shì hán guó fāng miàn de chēng wèi， rì běn fāng miàn chēng zhú dǎo（ Takeshima）。 dú dǎo wèi yú yù líng dǎo dōng nán jiǎo， shì hán guó zuì dōng duān。 1417 nián， cháo xiān tài zōng shí lù jìzǎi liǎo yú shān dǎo（ yú shān dǎo shì fǒu shì zhú dǎo réng yòu zhēng yì， yě kě néng shì yù líng dǎo）， ān fǔ shǐ jīn lín yǔ cóng yú shān dǎo huí lái de shí hòu， lián tóng dà zhú zǐ、 yù tóu、 shuǐ niú pí， lián tóng zhù mín dài huí sān rén， bìng bào gào liǎo dǎo shàng de qíng kuàng， yòu zhù jiā 15 hù nán nǚ gòng jì 86 rén， zhú dǎo miàn jī 0.2km。 sū yán jiāo wèn tí sū yán jiāo shì zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó shén shèng bù kě fēn gē de lǐng tǔ， dàn xiàn zài bèi hán guó fēi fǎ jūn shì zhàn lǐng。 Official Name: Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea Abbreviations: South Korea Korea 〕 〔Korea South Korea is the one in the southern tip of the Korean peninsula in Northeast Asia countries. Southwest near the Yellow Sea, southeast of the Korean Strait and Tsushima Strait, the east surrounded by the Sea of Japan. North Korea across the military demarcation line and adjacent to the demilitarized zone. Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea in 1948, the original founding of the Provisional Government of National Assembly Speaker Syngman Rhee, the country continue to use the Japanese colonial rule before the Joseon Dynasty (that of Korean, to change the country for the 1897 "Great Korean Empire"). State Name Origin: "Han" call originated from the Korean / Korean ancestors: Sam Han "Korea" and "North Korea" the two names in the history of ever mix. Chinese Qing government in Sino (1894--1895) after the defeat, in the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" in the case of the Korean peninsula to give up sovereignty, recognition of independence of the Korean peninsula. In 1897, King announced that formed the Korean emperor, a "Korean Empire", "Han" became the first Korean peninsula of the country. The Korean Peninsula in 1910 became a colony of Japan. April 11, 1919, "Korean Provisional Government" in Shanghai in 1945, after Japan surrendered to move back into today's South Korea. Geography】 【Korea Location South Korea is located south of the Korean peninsula. The Korean Peninsula is located in the northeast Asian continent, from north to south length of 1,100 km. South Korea's territorial waters and the waters of the westernmost intersection of the Pacific. South Korea's area of 99,000 square kilometers. Geological structure Plain, mainly in the south and west, more than 200 meters above sea level. Plain of the Yellow Sea Han River along the coast, Hunan plains plains, the South China Sea along the coast Jin Haiping the original, full-South Plains and other small plains. Rivers and lakes In terms of its link with South Korea has a relatively large number of rivers. The longest river is the Nakdong River and Han River, respectively, are the two major rivers in southern peninsula. Nakdong River 525 kilometers long, into the Sea of Japan; the Han River 514 kilometers long, into the Yellow Sea, is a major river systems in central region. Other rivers include: Jin Jiang, Seomjin River, Imjin River and so on. South Korea smaller lakes, the largest natural lake is located in Jeju Island, Halla summit crater White Deer Lake, elevation 1850 meters, the lake is about 30 meters in diameter, the circumference of 1 km, about 6 meters deep. Largest artificial lake is Zhaoyang Lake, located in Chuncheon City, Gangwon Province, 13 kilometers northeast, built in 1973, an area of 69,300,000 square meters. There are also some smaller lakes, such as plug Bridge Lake, Lake Kizu. Resources Fewer mineral resources have been discovered 280 kinds of minerals, of which about 50 kinds of economic value. Exploitation of valuable minerals are iron, coal, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc., but not reserves. As natural resources, mainly of industrial raw materials are imported. Climate A temperate monsoon climate, maritime significant features. Long and cold winter, hot and humid in summer, spring and fall quite short. Winter minimum temperature of -12 ℃, the highest temperature in summer can reach 37 ℃. Average annual rainfall of 1500 mm, of which the larger rainfall from June to August, June to August rainfall for the whole year of 70%. Average annual precipitation is about 1,500 mm of precipitation from south to north gradually decreased. South Korea four seasons, spring and autumn short; summer hot and humid; winter cold, dry, and sometimes snow. Large temperature difference between regions of South Korea, the average temperature is 6 degrees Celsius (43 degrees Fahrenheit) to 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest August in the year, the average temperature is 19 degrees Celsius (66 degrees Fahrenheit) to 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit). In January the coldest year round average temperature of minus 8 in degrees Celsius (17 Fahrenheit) 7 degrees Celsius (43 degrees Fahrenheit). Often windy early spring rains, high winds inland deserts in Asia brings the "yellow sand", commonly known as dust storms, there is a growing trend in recent years. To mid-April, the weather gets warmer, South Korean farmers formed each year at this time for planting rice seedling. More typhoons in summer and autumn, summer is the rainy season. 【Brief Introduction】 Flag In 1882, the Korean envoy Pak Yong Xiao and Jin Yujun be ambassador to Japan, before leaving the Northern Chinese Qing government to request the dragon flag as the national flag of China to use, the Northern vassal state government responded that the flag can not be noted that dragons can only use four Claw Dragon flag. At that time, the declining North Korean authorities to the Qing court had some not buy, so do not accept the request of the Qing court. The order of the time Feng Li of the Chinese ambassador to DPRK envoys Ma Jianzhong (China Modern Great linguists, Fudan University, was the founder and his brother Peter with the mission to North Korea Ma) recommended the DPRK government in the traditional Chinese Tai Chi Bagua flag as the national flag to use, This proposal was adopted by the DPRK government, therefore, the first Korean national flag is white with black side of the letter patterns of Tai Chi Bagua flag. Later, a British envoy in North Korea's point of view of Western aesthetics Bagua Tai Chi for this side flag was revised to remove the gossip in the hexagrams, the remaining hexagrams diagonal symmetric stretch, the entire flag design was rectangular, the yin and yang into red and blue fish patterns, so that now we see only the South Korean national flag. National emblem Last revised in 1948, officially only use 1950. Central is a national emblem of roses in full bloom. The background color of white roses symbolizes peace and purity, yellow symbol of prosperity and prosperity. Flowers, red and blue yin and yang, the central figure is a place, it is not only South Korea and the whole a traditional symbol of Korean culture, and in behalf of the state administration and the harmony laws of Nature. A white ribbon around the hibiscus, ribbons stitched on the four-character country name Republic of Korea. This design features the same with North Korea's national emblem. Flower Althea is South Korea's national flower. Blooming season, will give birth to many branches of Hibiscus bud, a flower litter, the other buds will be continuously Open, bloom spring, spring brilliant. Therefore, the Koreans call it "endless flowers." 】 【Important festivals Mid-South Korean people and the most important Christmas. January 1 ─ New Year New Year's Day, January 1, 2, as the state's public holiday. First day solar calendar / Folk ─ also known as the Gregorian calendar New Year's Day to worship the family ceremony, special food, traditional games to celebrate. Family reunion, family and friends to celebrate each other New Year celebrations. March 1 Independence Movement Day Memorial March 1, 1919 against Japanese colonial rule of the independence movement. April 5 Arbor Day On this day, government officials, teachers, students, and hundreds of thousands of Koreans around the country according to government reforestation program to plant trees. May 5 Children's Day This day, held a variety of celebration activities for children so that they enjoy with their parents play. August 15 Independence Day On this day in 1945, South Korea from Japan's colonial rule 35 years of the liberation and independence. Lunar August 15 Mid-Autumn Festival (or Harvest Festival) This is year one of the important national holiday. To this day a feast, each to hold the ceremony in the family cemetery, at night with the moon. Lunar October 3rd Foundation Day This day is the legendary Dangun established in 2333 BC the day South Korea. December 25 Christmas Day Like the West, Christians and other people are celebrating this holiday, commemorating the birth of Jesus. State leaders】 【 Current president: Lee Myung-bak, elected in December 2007, at the February 25, 2008 sworn in; Prime Minister: Han Seung-soo (Han Seung-soo). Office in February 2008. Population and Language】 【 Korea's total population of 49,053,000 (2007), a single Korean nation 〔South Korea, said: Korean National〕, is a "three Korean descent", General Korean national dress as a "hanbok." Elaborate here: Korean and Korean is slightly different. South and North Korea because of the long-term post-war division, making the North-South language also appears slightly different. Generally the preferred way of expression in South Korea as "Korean", the usual expression of North Korea as "Korean." 】 【Religion Shamanism Buddhism Buddhism in the 4th century from China into the Korean peninsula. You as the Korean history of Buddhism into the religious denominations, has been South Korea's political, economic, and cultural have a huge impact. Now there are 26 Korean Buddhist sect, more than 9,200 temples and 1,100 million adherents, most religious believers. Confucianism 6th century BC, Confucianism was founded by the Chinese Confucian ethics and religious beliefs. Confucian ethics as the basic benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, is for an ethical rule regulating the family system. Introduced to the Korean peninsula early AD Confucianism. Thousands of years, Confucian ethical thought and philosophy of life has affected South Korea. Today, Confucian thought has permeated, rooted in Korean society, This is especially true in education, etiquette and so on. Meanwhile, in Korea it is economic development, social modernization process also played an important role. 【Introduction】 capital Korea Capital: Seoul (Seoul, the old translation of "Seoul"), population 10,500,000 (2007). December 2003, South Korean National Assembly passed the "new administrative capital special law" to determine the administrative capital from Seoul (the old translation of "Seoul") to move to the central region. August 2004, the South Korean government officially announced the end to identify and address the new administrative capital, is located in the central region Yan Qi Han - the public will become the new state administrative capital. South Korean government is scheduled for July 2007 in Yan Qi - Gongju start building a new administrative capital, in 2020 and 2030 were formed with 30 million and 50 million people in the city. From 2012 to 2014, South Korea's major national executive will be relocated to the new administrative capital. October 2004, the Constitutional Court of Korea ruled that South Korean National Assembly in December 2003 adopted the "new administrative capital of the special law" unconstitutional. South Korean government established the administrative capital from the "Seoul" (that is, "Seoul"), plans to move to the central region will therefore be forced to stop the execution. January 2005, former Seoul (which is now the "Seoul"), the municipal government in Seoul Mayor Lee Myung-bak held a press conference to announce the "Seoul" Chinese translation of the name "Seoul." Seoul has a long history in ancient times due to the north of the Han River, the name "Hanyang." The late 14th century Joseon Dynasty capital in Hanyang, the renamed "Seoul." Modern Korea by Japanese colonial rule, Seoul was renamed the "capital." After the retrocession of the Korean Peninsula in 1945, changed its name to the inherent Korean words, Roman letters marked "SEOUL", seoul is a transliteration of the name in Korean capital. 【Administrative division Present a special city: "Seoul" (that is, "Seoul") Special City; 9 Road (equivalent to provinces): Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, South Jeolla Province, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Jeju; 6 Metropolitan City (equivalent to municipalities): Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan. Political】 【 South Korea current constitution was in October 1987 a new constitution adopted by referendum, February 25, 1988 come into effect. The new Constitution, South Korea, the implementation of three powers, the rule of law system. According to the new constitution, the president is head of state and the nation's armed forces commander in the government system and the external relations on behalf of the entire country, 5-year presidential term, non-renewable. The formulation of domestic and foreign policy the president is, could such legislative proposals to Congress; the same time, the president is the highest of the Chief Executive, responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations. Composed of the President through the 15-30 cabinet meeting chaired by the exercise of its administrative functions. Assistant chief executive as president the Prime Minister appointed by the President, subject to congressional approval. Prime Minister right to participate in development of important national policies. President no power to dissolve Congress, but Congress start impeachment proceedings can be a way to constrain the president, to end the country constitutionally responsible. Korean unicameral. Congress is the national legislature, for 4 years, Speaker of the House term of 2 years. In addition to the functions of the Constitution gives Congress to make laws, but also including the approval of the national budget, foreign policy, declare war and other national affairs, and the impeachment of the president's powers. South Korean court is divided into three levels: the Supreme Court, High Court and District Court. The Supreme Court is the highest court, hears of the lower court's ruling and said the military court refuses to accept the appeals. Judges appointed by the President, Congress for approval. Justice for a term of 6 years shall not be re-elected, at least 70 years of age must step down. The draft constitution Constitutional Court of Korea the next 17 years, Korea will establish a basic national defense policy to adapt to modern warfare, the new military formation of the "ubiquitous" force. 【Economy】 South Korean GDP in 2007 exceeded one trillion U.S. dollars, per capita GDP exceeded 20,000 U.S. dollars, the world's 11th largest economy. 60's from the 20th century, the Korean government has successfully pursued a growth-oriented economic policies, 70 years after the official took the track of economic development, creating a world-famous "Han River Miracle." To 80 years, Korea has changed the face of poverty and backwardness, showing a scene of prosperity and wealth, the international market, a competitive country. Held at the Seoul Olympics in 1988. Today, the Korean economy strong, steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, electronics, textiles, etc., have become the pillar industry of South Korea, where shipbuilding and automotive industries is world-renowned. South Korea's electronics industry has developed rapidly, as one of the world's top ten electronics industry. In recent years, emphasis Korea IT industry, increasing investment, IT technology and production rank in the world. South Korea had been a traditional agricultural country. With the industrialization process of agriculture in the Korean economy getting smaller and smaller proportion, position, an increasing low. South Korea is the main importing countries of agricultural products, imports tend to increase, but its agricultural market to foreign participation is extremely sensitive to a lesser extent, opening up sectors of the economy. South Korea land area of 195 million hectares, mainly in the western and southern plains, hilly areas, accounting for about 22% of the total land area. Fewer mineral resources Korea has 280 kinds of minerals are found, there are 50 kinds of economic value. Exploitation of valuable minerals are iron, coal, lead, zinc, tungsten, etc., but not reserves. As natural resources, mainly of industrial raw materials are imported. Main sectors of industrial steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics, chemical, textile and so on. Pohang Iron and Steel Plant is the world's second largest steel company. Production of 3.2 million vehicles in 2002, ranking first in the world 6. Standard orders ship tonnage of 7.59 million tons cargo, once again become the world. Intensive products with high-tech electronics industry mainly for one of the world's top ten electronics industry. The rapid development of semiconductor integrated circuits. Attention in recent years, South Korean IT industry, increasing investment. Due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Korea's recent economic slump has been in malaise. Also known as "the economic downturn." 【Culture】 Korean culture by the Chinese influence is very obvious, as early as the Tang Dynasty, the Korean Peninsula, the new economic States dedicated staff to study in China China's culture and strategy of governing the country, and even a direct copy copy some things to get back, the Chinese culture economic impact of the new country is very old, the new economy because China's culture absorbed stronger so reunification of the Korean peninsula. South Korea is a long history and splendid culture of the country, in literature and art have their own characteristics. Korean art including painting, calligraphy, prints, crafts, decoration, while carrying the national tradition, but also absorbed the strong points of foreign art. Korea Oriental art of painting and Western painting sub, like the Chinese painting Oriental paintings, pen, ink, paper, ink performance of a variety of topics. There are also various types of beautiful custom painting. With China, Japan, the calligraphy in Korea is an elegant art form. Koreans are known for known for love of music and dance. Korean modern music can be divided into "folk music" and "Western music" two. Folk music can be divided into "elegant music" and "folk music" two. South Korean court music is held in feudal dynasties in court ritual, ceremony, banquet and other music played by a professional orchestra, known as "being happy" or "court music." Miscellaneous songs in folk music, folk, music and other farmers. Xuan Qin commonly used instrument, Gaya piano, stick drums, flute and so on. One of the characteristics of Korean folk music is accompanied by dance. South Korea attached great importance to the dancers dance the shoulder, arm of the rhythm. Road with a fan, Corolla, drums. South Korean court dance and folk dance to the center, colorful. Korean drama originated in prehistoric religious ceremonies, including a mask, puppet show, singing, singing opera, drama, Category 5. One mask, also known as "Mask Dance", as a symbol of Korean culture in Korean traditional drama occupies a very important position. Korean food with kimchi and cultural features, three meals a day can not do without kimchi. Korean traditional dishes of roasted pork, pickles, cold has become a world famous dish. Korea is a great emphasis on education of the country. Thousands of types of colleges and universities nationwide. Yonsei University and Korea University, world renowned, addition, Sungkyunkwan University, Sogang University, Central University and Kyung Hee University, Hanyang University, Dankook University, Konkuk University, Chung National University, Sejong University, Ewha Women's University, Gyeongbuk University, Chungbuk National University, Pohang University, Pusan University, Pusan University of Foreign Studies, Inha University, Inje University, etc. have reputation. 【Apparel】 Korean traditional clothing Hanbok is traditional Korean clothing, originated in the Ming Dynasty costumes, elegant and tasteful. Modern alternatives are tailor only in festivals and days of special significance to wear. Women's traditional costume is a long jacket and wide skirt, looks very elegant; men with pants, jacket, vest, waistcoat showing a unique taste. White as the basic color, according to the season, identity, the choice of materials and colors are different. Marriage and other special ceremony, usually civilians wearing gorgeous clothes and jewelry. Recently, the increasing availability of life hanbok is very popular. Press 【】 Journalism developed. As of 2002, a total of 260 news organizations. 60 newspapers, including 10 comprehensive national newspapers, 38 local comprehensive newspapers, 7 economic class newspapers, two newspapers and three foreign language sports newspaper. "Chosun Ilbo", "Central Daily", "Dong-a Ilbo", "Korea Daily", "Korea Daily" and "Kung Hyabg Daily News" for six major national Korean newspaper, in addition to "Korea Daily", the Other newspapers are private. "Chosun Ilbo," the largest circulation in March 5, 1920 founding. "East Asia Journal" in April 1, 1920 Publication. "Central Daily" on September 22, 1965 founding. News agency Yonhap News Agency, December 1980 and Japan by the Contract Agency of Agency of the merger in 1999, then combined internal and external communications, is run by South Korean news media were a cooperative news agency. The agency in Washington, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, London, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Brussels, Cairo, Hong Kong, Moscow and Beijing bureaus. South Korea has 10 national broadcasting company, and another 59 local broadcasters, cable broadcasting company 81. Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) 1927 began test broadcasts of foreign radio since 1953, the government controlled radio company, with a national broadcast network, now with the Korean, English, Chinese, French, Japanese and other broadcasts in 11 languages. Television was established in December 1961, starting from July 1996 opening of two channels of satellite TV programs, mainly in the digital signal playback. Cultural Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) 1961 年 12 月 run, with a national broadcast network and television stations was established in August 1969, in the major cities have satellite relay station. Seoul Broadcasting Corporation Television (SB) 1991 年 12 月 air. Christian Broadcasting Company (CBS) 1954 年 run, private, mainly broadcast news, entertainment and educational and religious programs. The TV program also have some impact. News agency Yonhap News Agency, December 1980 and Japan by the Contract Agency of Agency of the merger in 1999, then combined internal and external communications, is run by South Korean news media were a cooperative news agency. The agency in Washington, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Paris, London, Bangkok, Buenos Aires, Brussels, Cairo, Hong Kong, Moscow and Beijing bureaus. South Korea has 10 national broadcasting company, and another 59 local broadcasters, cable broadcasting company 81. Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) 1927 began test broadcasts of foreign radio since 1953, the government controlled radio company, with a national broadcast network, now with the Korean, English, Chinese, French, Japanese and other broadcasts in 11 languages. Television was established in December 1961, starting from July 1996 opening of two channels of satellite TV programs, mainly in the digital signal playback. Cultural Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) 1961 年 12 月 run, with a national broadcast network and television stations was established in August 1969, in the major cities have satellite relay station. Seoul (the old translation of "Seoul"), ABC Television began broadcasting in December 1991. Christian Broadcasting Company (CBS) 1954 年 run, private, mainly broadcast news, entertainment and educational and religious programs. The TV program also have some impact. Far East Radio (FEBC) 1956 年 12 月 run, broadcasting 100 hours per week of Korean, English, Chinese and Russian programs. Republic of Korea armed forces radio station was built in 1954 specifically for the military broadcasting. USFK radio station began broadcasting in October 1950. Together with its television stations, U.S. troops and their families for services, broadcasting in English all day. Traffic Radio and Television was established in June 1990. Educational radio and television stations _set_ up in December 1990. A total of 39 South Korean television stations, of which 20 are commercial television stations. South Korean cable television broadcasting since 1995, has developed rapidly. Higher Internet penetration, the end of 2002 reached 26.27 million online population, accounting for 55.1% of the population. Publishing industry developed, more than 12,700 total registered publishers. A wide range of magazines, a frequent ceased publication. Celebrity】 【History Yi Sun-sin (1545-1598): a national hero. Decline of literati born in the family, childhood family was poor. He is quite learned, can ride and shooting, 32 years old Martial Davydenko, began his military career. His outspoken, and his concern for the fate, the pursuit of justice, several adversity no regrets no regrets. Any 47-year-old navy Jiedushi Cholla sect, the active naval exercises, to build defensive positions, and created the turtle ship armored warships to guard against pirates of the invasion. At that time Japan has completed the domestic Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified the four islands in an attempt to use force to conquer Korea and China. In 1592, he led more than 20 million troops to invade North Korea and captured Seoul (now translated "[font id = Mark style =" COLOR: # ee6600; BACKGROUND-COLOR: yellow "] Seoul [/ font]"), occupying more than half the Korean peninsula, South Korea, said this piece of history as the "Japanese invasion chaos." The request of the Korean dynasty, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to the aid, thus beginning the 7 years of the common fight against the Japanese and Korean War soldiers and civilians, known as the "Imjin Patriotic War." General Yi Sun-sin and the Chinese army fought alongside the water, repeatedly beat the Japanese, repeated Li Qigong. December 1598, he was hit with the Ming navy invaders, shot and killed in the tragic battle. Two years later, the court in recognition of his achievements, Xuanwu him as a hero. 1643 that 45 years after his death, presented posthumous "Admiral." Since then, the people of the Korean Peninsula to commemorate him, called him "Admiral." Dedicated to the souls of General Yi Sun-sin's Memorial Temple was built in 1706, is located at the foot of Fang Shan, surrounded by mountains, Temple Neisong Bo trees. Hyeonchungsa an area of 50 million square meters, in addition to the "Temple", there are "No", "Mansion", "Family Temple" and the Lee family used wells and other ancient architecture. Information about the history of General Yi Sun-sin, and when he was a sea battle with pirates and other kind of weapons used by the Ming emperor to bestow his captaincy India, tokens, and the chopper, give products such as eight copies were carefully stored in "Legacy Museum" in. Every April 28, the day of the birth of Yi Sun-sin, Hyeonchungsa festival to be held. Hyeonchungsa brutal suppression of the Japanese imperialists in the next Duhuang decadent, after the Japanese surrender in 1945, Ji Nianzhong force to restore the public's activities. In 1966, the South Korean government this land turned into "sacred" to rebuild Memorial Temple, the park's integrated landscape works continued until 1974. History】 【Korea Ancient Korea Times China's history books in the "East Yi", which means east of the national (Yi derogatory.) Dong Yi is the Chinese nation called the nation of the East, not only refers to a group. Also will change the scope of their finds. From the Yellow Emperor during the Shandong, Henan area, northeast China, to the future of the Qin and Han Dynasty Korean Peninsula and Japan Islands. North and South Korea that: modern North Korea may be the one Dongyi. On the Korean Peninsula are said to have five thousand years of history, but because of the lack of direct evidence, the Chinese and Japanese history scholars not to be recognized. According to legend, as far as Korean history can be traced to the founding of Tangun. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, on the Korean Peninsula have been the original human habitation. Paleolithic beginning in the Korean Peninsula 70 million years BC to the 10th century into the Bronze Age. To the 4th century BC into the Iron Age. North and South Korea Korean historians conjecture turned out to be living in the north of mainland Asia, Altaic nations, and gradually migrated to the north and the Evolution of the Korean Peninsula come from the 4th century BC, in the north to form a slavery, known to history as the ancient North Korea. The southern part of the peninsula formed by the several tribes of indigenous tribal alliance, Wal-ju, dirt, Mahan, Han Chen, Bian Han. Later, Mahan III unified Korea, said Chen country. Chi-tzu Times Recorded in Chinese history, North Korea, after the first commercial off the Western Zhou Dynasty, Shang Chen Chi-tzu left the Korean Peninsula was established with the local indigenous "Kei's Hou." The late 3rd century BC, the first time North Korea has been documented. In the Han Dynasty and the writings of the historian Sima Qian, "Historical Records" in the records, the last king of Shang King Zhou's brother, King Wu Chi-tzu in the weeks after the liturgy and the system with the Shang Dynasty to the north of the Korean Peninsula, where people are elected as monarch, and became recognized by the Chou princes. Known as "Ji Zi Korea." Wei's age According to "Historical Records", Yan Wei generals full rate of immigration into the Korean peninsula, and became North Korea's Ji Zi Gong phase. 194 BC established in the vicinity of Pyongyang's health regime, overthrew the regime of North Korean Ji Zi. This is the second dynasty, Korean history, "the Guardian's era." Archaeological research is not currently able to North Korea's founding on the health process. Four counties and three times the Han Han 108 BC Emperor Wu Wei's power off North Korea, in the northern part of the establishment of the Korean Peninsula, music waves Xuantu, temporary Tuen, true fan four counties, known as "Han-four counties." BC 82, because the ancient Korean people and the resistance of the local tribes, repealed the Provisional Tuen and true fan of the two counties. BC Xuantu County for 75 years moved to Liaodong. Le Long County, northern migration in the Korean peninsula many times, when Wang Mang power of the new music wave toward independence 30 years of Eastern Han Dynasty in the year (after Chinese) county court to recover music wave. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Kung-sun's Liaodong ("Three Kingdoms" in Gongsun Yuan) County in the southern sub-wave music with a side county located in the south of the Korean Peninsula to establish indigenous Korean chen South Korea, Malaysia and South Korea as the center of Byeonhan Chen States, while small countries such as the existence of Gaya. Three Kingdoms Period After BC ("Three Kingdoms" written in the first century BC), appeared on the Korean peninsula three regimes: the new Law (the former 57 years -935 years), Koguryo (37 years -668 years ago), Baekje ( The first 18 years -660 years). Southern tip of the peninsula there is Gaya and other regime. Each attack the country, there has also been the history of the Korean Peninsula, a relatively prosperous period. Baiji is a blog developed Mahan, Chen Silla Korea and the formation of a small tribe. Baiji relies on behalf of the Chinese imperial emissary Southern tributary of the way to Japan from China in absorption of cultural transmission. Gaya that the Japanese government with any In Japan, some scholars believe that at the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula Byeonhan (now Gyeongnam) and other areas of Gaya was the Yamato regime on the Korean peninsula, the colonial court, "either that the Japanese government." Peninsula, in the three countries to resist the Goguryeo and Baekje Silla Qingong and close to Japan, would like to take from Japan to contain China. Japan is attempting to take advantage of this situation on the Korean Peninsula and to establish their own forces. Which led to a four-century Japanese imperial court sent troops to Silla, occupying Byeonhan, _set_ting the Japanese government to rule. 512, Baekje sent envoys asked Congress and the court to cede any of the four counties to compensate for Koguryo occupied the northern territories. Congress and the court then ruled North Korea due to their inability to continue to the southern region, had agreed to the request of Baekje. 562, he was that the Japanese government was destroyed by Silla. In North and South Korea, many scholars deny the existence in the Korean Peninsula was a Japanese colony of any that. Instead, they believe that there are many on the Japanese archipelago was Baekje, Gaya and Shilla ruled the small country, with each other for hegemony in the peninsula when the country also are competing in the Japanese archipelago, the country of its strength. In Japan, under the "high days of the original myth" (credited century mythology), there have been any rule Woguo that view. From the 1960s, North Korea and then in South Korea on the verification Jiji myth that the Japanese government on account of any results deny the myth of the reliability of Jiji, the history of Japan since the 1970s scholars have been about the same conclusion. The same three countries on the Koguryo "too good King Stele" there are many controversial interpretation, and even the king is too good Korean scholars that the old monument inscription Japanese Army General Staff who have been tampered with. Silla Silla allegiance to the Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty, the conditions and the emerging alliance, the reign of Emperor Tang Dynasty 660 AD, the joint force in the power off Baekje Silla, and in 668 years and the route through the old haunt Silla and Baekje South attack and destroy Goguryeo power by general Xue Rengui Baekje in Korea and established the old Anton Dohobu. As a result of defense against the Turks, and even then the threat of the Tang Dynasty, 676 years old haunt Tangjun retreat from the Baekje and Silla the way forward, Silla unified the Korean Peninsula and finally most of capital in Gyeongju, follow the example of countries Tang system rule. 9th century, around the peasant uprising, military generals 900 years kings Chen Xuan, built after the Baekje capital in Gwangju; 903 monks in golden bow-American uprising king, in the North and Northwest built Silla Taebong country (the first number Morocco earthquake country), the original capital in iron, 918 Wang established the Koryo dynasty, then _set_ the country, "Korea", and the original Shilla and known as the "post-Three Kingdoms period." 935 die in Silla Korea, Silla end. Korea Times 918 years after the king of Goguryeo's arch-born Wang Department will be crowned as the king of the Ministry, moved the capital to open their home city (Songak), changing the country as "Korea." 935 off Silla, Baekje out after 936 years, the establishment of the Koryo dynasty. Liao 993 was defeated, and the Song Dynasty was forced to sever relations, allegiance to the Liao, Jin in 1127 was forced to surrender. Khitan and the Jurchen in the period against the military forces in surge, 1170 and 1173, led by generals Zhengzhong Fu, the occurrence of two coup, military coup dethronement king, nobles big kill civilian, the eventual establishment of a military officer held hostage by the King Cui Zhong Xian " all rooms "regime. 1231 Mongol offensive Korea, Cui regime collapse in 1258, the king surrendered Mongolia. Against surrender of the three other sand Mongolia launched the war against Mongolia, the Mongolian occupation of Jeju Island in 1273, ending the war against Mongolia. In order to attack Japan in 1280 the Yuan Dynasty _set_ in the Korean Peninsula levy East province, the capital deployed in Korea, "Daru flower red" control state affairs of Korea, Korea king can only live in Ganghwa island. With the failure of 1281 once the dissolution of the Japanese attack symptoms Eastern Province, and 1287 re-established the East province of levy, and the king of Korea and red flowers Daru Renzheng Dong province, a Yuan vassal state until the 1356 Gong Min Wang reply only to regain control when the Koryo court the right to rule. Joseon era 1368 Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty tribute Korea in 1370, 1387 Northeast Yuan emperor to attack the original colony, but the country still supports Mongolia Korea remnants. 1388 reunification of Korea are the king sent to Lichenggui attack Liaodong Lichenggui allegiance to the Ming dynasty is already determined, so he returned from the Yalu River to open the capital city of the occupation soldiers staged a coup in 1392 deposed king of self-reliance and allegiance to the Ming envoy, in accordance with Ming too ancestral emperor's will, changing the country as the DPRK, which means "Asahi clear," meaning capital in Hanyang. This time by the Japanese as "Lee Korea", the name in most of the history profession has been in use ever since. 1401, began to receive from the Ming Taizong canonized as "the Korean king." Formally established with China to the modern vassal relationship. 1469 to complete the "ceremony by the country," established a new political system. Respected practice of Korean Confucianism, Buddhism, the policy exclusion. 1591 Japan 20 million off white Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea shuaibing, was occupied Pyongyang. Chinese Ming Dynasty sent troops to Support Korea, 1598 allied forces defeated the Japanese by North Korea, the Korean generals generals Dengzi Long Yi Sun-sin and China support each other, eventually died a heroic death. This section of history known as the "Japanese invasion chaos" of modern China as "Wanli Korea War." After the Ming Dynasty and the 1618 gold operations, North Korea sent troops to aid the Ming dynasty, the Qing in 1636 North Korea captured the king to surrender, the tribute to the Qing dynasty, the Qing Dynasty became canonized country. 1894, North Korea large-scale peasant uprising broke out, unable to suppress the Korean court, and for help to the Qing Dynasty. Then, on June 6 at the Asan landing reinforcements Qing Dynasty, and the Japanese armed forces are an inferior race as an excuse to take the opportunity on July 6 in the Inchon landing, and launched the Horse Incident, the occupation of Hanyang, forcing North Korea signed the unequal "economic matter Pu Treaty "(ie Jemulpo Incheon today.) And organized pro-Japanese government suppressed the peasant uprising. 1894 Japanese attack on the garrison stationed in Korea, provoked the Sino-Japanese War. April 1895, the Qing defeat, signed the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Shimonoseki," agreed to give up sovereignty of the DPRK's case, then under Japanese control of Korea and the Qing court announced the termination of relations between canonized. In the same year, the Japanese assassinated the Empress has anti-Japanese tendencies. 1896 Emperor Tang emperor in the support of most of Russia, the establishment of the Korean Empire, from North Korea to South Korea. After the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, Russia defeated Japan's North Korean regime has been completely controlled. Japanese rule Japan in August 1910 forced the South Korean government signed with the "Japan-North Korea Annexation Treaty", the official annexation of the Korean Peninsula, became a colony of Japan, and the establishment of the Korean Government House, the colonial rule. Japan, Korea, Japan crowned royal nobles, so that Emperor abdicated, Yong Li Shun cases. Korean Provisional Government May 15, 1942, the Chinese Military Commission decided to merge the two armed Korean Independence Army, by the interim government to rule directly. November 23, 1945, the Korean Provisional Government to move back home, Guangfu Army the following year to return. Armed North Korean Communist Party From 1932 onwards, the North Korean communist leader Kim Il Sung's guerrillas in northeast China to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla activities. Kim Il Sung in 1937, Japanese troops occupied the northern part of Prudential Town of North Korea, was forced to withdraw to the Soviet Union in 1941. Korean War 1945, Japan surrendered to the boundary line of latitude 38 degrees, respectively, received from the Soviet Union and the United States armed forces. In support of the Soviet Union in their respective August 1948 the establishment of the Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic was established in September 1948. June 25, 1950 the Korean Fatherland Liberation War, the Korean People's Army at the beginning all the way to victory, the ROK armed forces to suppress the Pusan area, so the U.S. decided to intervene, sending troops on 15 September at Inchon, South Korea Korean People's Army in danger of being cut down the middle of the military situation, forced to retreat. Suppressed by the U.S. military all the way to the Yalu River area. War to the Yalu River, a serious threat to the peace of Northeast Frontier, which makes more than a year before the establishment of new China was forced to intervene. October 19th Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River, started the Korean War. October 25, volunteers to wipe out the first battle in South Korea six divisions. After repeated after the tug of war, both sides finally decided July 27, 1953 a temporary demarcation line (military demarcation line) for the sector, North Korea under the US-led coalition with the signing of the Armistice Agreement UN forces by the United Nations appointed a permanent neutral Switzerland and Swedish troops in the Joint Security Area, to monitor military operations on the border between the two countries. October 26, 1958, the Chinese People's Volunteers withdraw from the Korean peninsula, while the U.S. still has troops stationed in South Korea. Foreign】 【 After World War II, the Cold War needs, South Korea to the United States and Foreign-based. In the early 20th century, 70 open door policy was introduced. February 1998, Kim Dae-jung became president, continue to work to consolidate the United States and Japan alliance, while strengthening and in friendly relations with Russia. Policy toward the DPRK, Kim implementation of the "sunshine policy" to bring non-use of force and avoid absorbing unity, strengthen North-South exchanges and cooperation of the "Three Principles of the North" and advocated an end to the Cold War structure on the Korean Peninsula, "package" fundamental solution to the Korean Peninsula issue. North Korea to provide a lot of rice, wheat, fertilizer, cement, heavy oil and other aid. South Korea on September 17, 1991 with North Korea to join the United Nations. February 2003, President Roh Moo-hyun took office, emphasizing the development of ROK-US relationship of mutual equality, and promote cooperation in Northeast Asia, Japan and Korea, while strengthening cooperation with Russia, ASEAN, EU relations with other countries to actively participate in regional and international affairs. October 2007, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun visited the DPRK, the DPRK announced 1.7 billion U.S. dollars to provide assistance to strengthen North-South economic cooperation. Relationship with China At present, China is South Korea's largest trading partner, largest export market and largest investment destination, South Korea is China's third largest trading partner and fourth largest source of foreign direct investment. In 2006, China and South Korea bilateral trade reached 134 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 20%. 】 【Territorial disputes Dokdo Dokdo (Dokdo, or Tokdo) is the title of South Korea, Japan called Takeshima (Take shima). Dokdo is located in the southeast corner Ulleungdo, South Korea is the eastern end. 1417, North Korea Taizong recorded at Island Records (whether in the Island Bamboo Island is still controversial, it may be Ulleungdo), An Fushi Yu Jin Lin came back from the Island, when, together with a large bamboo, taro , buffalo, together with the residents back to three, and report the case of the island, there are a total of 86 houses 15 men and women who, Bamboo Island area of 0.2km. Su reef issues Su sacred rocks is an inalienable part of the PRC, but is now illegal military occupation of Korea. |
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