| nǎo lǔ Nauru guógūdàimǎ: nr |
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nǎo lǔ（ yīng wén： Nauru， nǎo lǔ yǔ： Naoero） shì dà yáng zhōu de yī gè dǎo guó， yě shì shì jiè shàng zuì xiǎo de gòng hé guó。 zuì jìn de lín dǎo shì dōng miàn xiāng gé 300 qiān mǐ、 lì shǔ yú jī lǐ bā sī de bā nà bā dǎo。 dāng dì zuì zǎo de jū mín shì mì kè luó ní xī yà rén hé bō lì ní xī yà rén。
yóu yú nǎo lǔ de dà bù fēn dǎo yǔ jūn wéi lín suān yán shí kuài suǒ zǔ chéng， suǒ yǐ cóng 1907 nián qǐ， gāi guó zhù yào de jīng jì jiù shì chū kǒu lín suān yán。 suí zhe lín suān yán chǔ liàng de kū jié hé cǎi kuàng dài lái de huán jìng 'è huà， lìng wài zài jiā shàng guǎn lǐ quán dǎo cái fù jī jīn de jiǎn zhí， nǎo lǔ zhèng fǔ qiú zhù yú yī xiē bù xún cháng de fāng fǎ lái huò dé shōu rù。 zài 20 shì jì 90 nián dài， nǎo lǔ chéng wéi yī gè shuì shōu tiān táng hé xǐ qián zhōng xīn。 cóng 2001 nián qǐ， nǎo lǔ jiē shòu 'ào dà lì yà zhèng fǔ de yuán zhù， zuò wéi huí bào nǎo lǔ jiàn lì yī gè jū liú suǒ chǔlǐ nà xiē fēi fǎ jìn rù 'ào dà lì yà de nànmín， dàn zài 2008 nián， shuāng fāng tíng zhǐ liǎo zhè zhǒng jiāo yì。 lì shǐ nǎo lǔ rén shì jū gāi dǎo。 1798 nián， yīng guó chuán zhǐ “ liè shǒu ” hào shǒu dǐ běn dì， kāi qǐ xī fāng shì jiè yǔ nǎo lǔ jiāo liú de lì shǐ。 1888 nián， nǎo lǔ chéng wéi dé guó shǔ dì。 dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn qī jiān， nǎo lǔ bèi 'ào dà lì yà zhàn lǐng， bìng zì 1919 nián qǐ yóu yīng guó、 ào dà lì yà hé xīn xī lán gòng guǎn， qí zhōng 'ào dà lì yà dài biǎo sān guó xíng shǐ zhí quán。 dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn qī jiān， nǎo lǔ bèi rì běn zhàn lǐng。 èr zhàn zhī hòu， nǎo lǔ yóu lián hé guó wěi tuō 'ào dà lì yà、 yīng guó jí xīn xī lán gòng tóng guǎn lǐ。 1968 nián 1 yuè 31 rì， nǎo lǔ gòng hé guó xuān bù zhèng shì dú lì， bìng yú tóng nián 11 yuè chéng wéi yīng lián bāng tè bié chéng yuán guó。 1999 nián， nǎo lǔ chéng wéi lián hé guó huì yuán guó。 dì lǐ nǎo lǔ wèi zài xī tài píng yáng chì dào yǐ nán， wéi yī tuǒ yuán xíng de shān hú dǎo， hǎi 'àn dǒu qiào。 yán 'àn yòu kuān 150-300 mǐ、 hǎi bá 30 mǐ de hǎi 'àn dài， shì quán guó wéi yī de nóng yè qū。 zhōng bù wéi tái dì， zuì gāo diǎn wéi hǎi bá 71 mǐ（ sī lìng lǐng）。 quán dǎo 3 ／ 5 bèi lín suān yán suǒ fù gài， wú hé liú， jǐn xī nán bù yòu yī xián shuǐ hú（ bù yà dá jiāo hú）。 shǔ rè dài yǔ lín qì hòu， nián píng jūn qì wēn 25-35 shè shì dù， nián jiàng shuǐ liàng zài 2000 háo mǐ yǐ shàng。 zhèng zhì 1968 nián 1 yuè 29 rì， nǎo lǔ tōng guò xiàn fǎ， shí xíng gòng hé zǒng tǒng zhì。 zǒng tǒng wèiguó jiā yuán shǒu， yě shì zhèng fǔ shǒu nǎo， yóu yì huì xuǎn jǔ chǎn shēng。 guó huì shí xíng yī yuàn zhì， yóu 18 míng yì yuán zǔ chéng， rèn qī sān nián； yì yuán tōng guò quán guó zhí jiē xuǎn jǔ chǎn shēng。 qí zhèng dǎng zhèng zhì wéi sōng sàn de duō dǎng zhì， zhù yào yòu mín zhù dǎng（ DemocraticParty） hé nǎo lǔ dǎng（ NauruParty）。 gēn jù 1968 nián xiàn fǎ， nǎo lǔ shè zuì gāo fǎ yuàn， xià shè dì qū fǎ yuàn hé jiā tíng fǎ yuàn。 zài dà duō shù qíng kuàng xià， yǐ 'ào dà lì yà gāo děng fǎ yuàn wéi zhōng shěn fǎ yuàn。 xiàn rèn dà fǎ guān wéi bā lǐ · kāng nài 'ěr（ BarryConnell）。 jīng jì nǎo lǔ zài dì sān shì jiè zhōng shǔ yú jiào fù yù de guó jiā， guó mín měi rén měi nián píng jūn suǒ dé yuē 5000 měi yuán。 guó jiā jīng jì yǐ lín suān yán kāi cǎi hé guó wài fáng dì chǎn wéi zhù yào zhī zhù。 lín suān yán kuàng fēn bù zhàn quán dǎo miàn jī de 70% yǐ shàng， shì shì jiè zhù yào lín suān yán shēng chǎn hé chū kǒu guó zhī yī， zhù yào xiāo wǎng 'ào dà lì yà、 yīng guó、 rì běn、 xīn xī lán děng dì； yǐ wǎng lín suān yán wài xiāo suǒ dé céng zhàn zhèng fǔ shōu rù de bàn shù， rán 'ér zài cháng qī mì jí kāi cǎi zhī xià， gāi xiàng kuàng cáng yǐ miàn lín hào jié。 yóu yú nǎo lǔ lín kuàng shí chū kǒu xià jiàng， jìn nián gāi guó de jīng jì huó dòng shuǐ píng chí xù xià huá。 yǐ 1992 nián dào 1996 nián qī jiān wéi lì， qí GDP jí xià huá 10% yǐ shàng。 mù qián gāi guó zuì zhòng yào de tiān rán zī yuán wéi lín kuàng shí， kě shuō shì yǐ jīng kāi cǎi dài jìn， wéi kuò zhǎn nóng yè jí gǎi shàn zì rán jǐng guān， zhèng fǔ dāng jú lì yòng zài yùn kuàng shí chū kǒu de kōng chuán， zài huí ní tǔ tián bǔ kuàng kēng， kuò dà lǜ dì miàn jī， yòng yǐ kāi tuò nóng yè yǔ xùmù yè， zhè xiàng fāng 'àn yǐ huò 'ào dà lì yà děng guó jiā de xié zhù。 wéi què bǎo lín kuàng kū jié hòu de guó jiā zhù quán， zhèng fǔ yǐ chéng lì jī jīn jìn xíng guó jì xìng de yíng lì shì yè tóu zī， bāo kuò yùn shū yè、 fáng dì chǎn yè、 zhì zào yè jí jīn róng yè。 yī bān lái shuō， dāng dì de xiāo fèi wù zī suī duō lài shū rù gōng yìng， wéi rén kǒu wú duō， xiāo hào liàng yòu xiàn。 zhèng fǔ jìn xíng hǎi wài tóu zī shì yè zhī shōu rù， mù qián shàng kě yì zhù guó nèi jīng jì jiàn shè suǒ xū， bìng wéi chí rén mín shēng huó。 jìn nián yú yè、 lǚ yóu yè fā zhǎn jiào kuài。 rén kǒu jū mín duō wéi nǎo lǔ rén， lìng yòu shǎo liàng jī lǐ bā sī rén、 huá rén hé 'ōu zhōu rén。 yīn guó jiā miàn jī xiǎo， nǎo lǔ yǐ rén kǒu mì dù jì suàn shì shì jiè shàng rén kǒu mì dù hěn gāo de guó jiā zhī yī。 wén huà jié jiǎ rì rì qī zhōng wén míng dāng dì míng bèi zhù 1 yuè 1 rì yuán dàn jié NewYear'sDay 1 yuè 31 rì dú lì rì IndependenceDay 5 yuè 17 rì xiàn fǎ rì ConstitutionDay 10 yuè 26 rì fǎn xiāng rì AngamDay 12 yuè 25 rì /12 yuè 26 rì shèng dàn jié ChristmasDay xíng zhèng qū huá ài hé qū（ AiwoDistrict） ā nà bā 'ěr qū（ AnabarDistrict） ān 'è tān qū（ AnetanDistrict） ān ní bā rě qū（ AnibareDistrict） bái dì qū（ BaitiDistrict） bó qū（ BoeDistrict） bù yà dá qū（ BuadaDistrict） dé ní gāo mò dū qū（ DenigomoduDistrict） āi wǎ qū（ EwaDistrict） ài zhū qū（ IjuwDistrict） méi nìng qū（ MenengDistrict） ní bǎi qū（ NibokDistrict） yōu yǎ bù qū（ UaboeDistrict） yà lún qū（ YarenDistrict） Settled by Micronesian and Polynesian people, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops who were bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific, and after the war ended, it entered into trusteeship again. Nauru was declared independent in 1968. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Nauru was a "rentier state". Nauru is a phosphate rock island, with deposits close to the surface, which allow for simple strip mining operations. This island was a major exporter of phosphate starting in 1907, when the Pacific Phosphate Company began mining there, through the formation of the British Phosphate Commission in 1919, and continuing after independence. This gave Nauru back full control of its minerals under the Nauru Phosphate Corporation, until the deposits ran out during the 1980s. For this reason, Nauru briefly boasted the highest per-capita income enjoyed by any sovereign state in the world during the late 1960s and early 1970s. When the phosphate reserves were exhausted, and the environment had been seriously harmed by mining, the trust established to manage the island's wealth became greatly reduced in value. To earn income, the government resorted to unusual measures. In the 1990s, Nauru briefly became a tax haven and illegal money laundering center. From 2001 to 2008, it accepted aid from the Australian government in exchange for housing an illegal migrant detention center that held and processed asylum seekers trying to enter Australia. From December 2005 to September 2006, Nauru became partially isolated from the outside world when Air Nauru, the only airline with service to the island, ceased to operate. (The only outside access to Nauru was then by ocean-going ships.) The airline was able to restart operations under the name Our Airline with monetary aid from Taiwan. |
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