南美洲:   
圭亞那 Guyana   首都:喬治敦  國家代碼: gy   
  朝政
  圭亞那(Guyana)在南美洲北部,是南美洲唯一說英語的國傢,也是英聯邦成員國。東鄰蘇裏南,南臨巴西,西鄰委內瑞拉,北鄰大西洋。圭亞那與蘇裏南和委內瑞拉有國界爭議─西屬圭亞那。為南美洲國傢聯盟的成員國。
  
  歷史
  1498年剋裏斯多福·哥倫布來到圭亞那的海岸。一百多年後荷蘭人開始在這裏殖民。從1604年開始法國和英國開始在這裏殖民。
  
  從1852年到1951年法國在法屬圭亞那前的一個島上建立了一個著名的流放犯人的集中營。
  
  從1947年開始法屬圭亞那擁有有限的自治權。從此該地區在法國國民議會和參議會有兩個議員席。
  
  1968年歐洲在庫魯建立了一個太空發射場。亞利安火箭在這個發射場發射 2006年8月31日,圭亞那選舉委員會宣佈,總統巴拉特·賈格德奧在8月28日的大選中以54.6%的得票率獲得連任。賈格德奧所在的人民進步黨贏得國民議會65個席位中的36個,人民全國大會黨獲得了22個議會席位。
  
  地理
  位於南美大陸北緣,北濱大西洋,東為蘇裏南,南與巴西接壤,西接委內瑞拉。
  
  經濟
  財政收支 歲入2億87百萬美元, 歲出3億7百萬美元(2004年) 輸出總值(美元) 4.994億美元(2007年) 輸入總值(美元) 8.358億萬美元(2007年) 主要輸出項目 鐵礬土、糖、蝦、木材、黃金及米等 主要輸入項目 資本財、燃料、機械、化學品、建材及消費品等 主要出口國 除加勒比海共同體之會員國外,另為美、英及加拿大等國 主要進口國 美、英及加拿大等國
  
  人口
  770,794人(2008年) 印度裔約占49%,黑非裔32%,印非混血12%,餘為土著、華僑及歐洲裔。


  Guyana (pronounced /ɡaɪˈænə/) officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Discovered by Europeans in 1498, Guyana's past is punctuated by battles fought and won, possessions lost and regained as the Spanish, French, Dutch and British wrangled for centuries to own the land. It is the only state of the Commonwealth of Nations on mainland South America. Guyana is bordered to the east by Suriname, to the south and southwest by Brazil, to the west by Venezuela, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean.
  
  Historically, the region known as "Guiana" (Land of Many Waters) was comprised of the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and East of the Orinoco River. Five sub-regions were carved out of the landmass by colonial powers in the late 17th and early 18th century; Spanish Guiana (now eastern Venezuela), Portuguese Guiana (now northern Brazil), British Guiana (Guyana), Dutch Guiana (Suriname) and the present French overseas department of French Guiana, Guyana achieved independence from Great Britain in 1966. At 215,000 km2, Guyana is the third-smallest independent state on the mainland of South America (after Uruguay, Suriname). Its population is approximately 770,000. It is one of the five non-Spanish-speaking territories on the continent, along with the countries of Brazil (Portuguese), Suriname (Dutch), French Guiana (French) and the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands (English). Georgetown, Guyana's capital is the seat of Secretariat of the Caribbean Community Caricom.
 

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