| zhōng guó China shǒudōu:běi jīng guógūdàimǎ: cn |
 中国 中国 中国 中国zài dì lǐ shàng， zhōng guó de bǎn tú yóu liǎng gè bù tóng guó hào de guó jiā jí zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó hé zhōng huá mín guó kòng zhì zhī lǐng tǔ zǔ chéng， ér zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhàn jù liǎo dà bù fēn， gù xiàn zài zhōng guó yī bān zhǐ zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó， ér zhōng huá mín guó lǐng tǔ wǎng wǎng jiǎn chēng wéi tái wān huò tái péng jīn mǎ。 jū yú zhōng guó jiāng yù nèi de gè gè mín zú tǒng chēng wéi zhōng huá mín zú， yì chēng“ huá rén”， yí jū jìng wài de huá rén duō bèi chēng wéi“ hǎi wài huá rén”， huò zì chēng“ huá zú”。 hàn zú shì zhōng guó rén kǒu zuì duō， dì yù fēn bù zuì guǎng de mín zú。 zài shǎo shù mín zú dāng zhōng， rén kǒu guò 500 bǎi wàn（ 2000 nián rén kǒu pǔ chá） de yòu zhuàng、 mǎn、 huí、 miáo、 wéi wú 'ěr、 yí、 tǔ jiā、 měnggǔ hé cáng děng 9 dà mín zú， tōng yòng hàn yǔ， shǎo shù mín zú dì qū wǎng wǎng shǐ yòng gè mín zú zì jǐ de yǔ yán。 zhōng guó rén pǔ biàn xǐ hǎo shū fǎ、 guó huà、 xìqǔ、 xiàng qí、 wéi qí hé wǔ shù děng， chá、 jiǔ、 cài hé kuài zǐ děng wéi zhōng guó de tè sè yǐn shí wén huà， zhōng guó xīn nián、 zhōng qiū、 qīng míng、 duān wǔ děng wéi chuán tǒng jié rì。 zhōng guó chuán tǒng shàng shì yī gè rú xué sī wéi guó jiā。 zhōng guó rén yòu qiáng liè de jiā tíng guān niàn， yīn cǐ jiāng dài biǎo jiā tíng de xìng shì zhì yú rén míng zhī qián。 zhōng guó rén hái zhòng shì jiào yù jí duì rén cái de xuǎn bá， chūn qiū shí qī kǒng zǐ“ yòu jiào wú lèi， yīn cái shī jiào” kāi shǐ bàn sī shú péi yǎng rén cái， hàn cháo shí cǎi yòng chá jǔ tuī xuǎn zhèng fǔ guān yuán， suí cháo qǐ shí xíng kē jǔ zài píng mín zhòngxuǎn bá rén cái。 zì gǔ yǐ lái zài wén huà、 kē xué、 jì shù děng fāng miàn de chéng jiù hào rú yān hǎi， míng qīng yǐ lái xī fāng de jìn dài kē jì hé mín zhù zhèng zhì sī xiǎng chuán rù zhōng guó。 zhōng guó lì lái zhòng shì biān xiū lì shǐ， lì cháo lì dài dū shè yòu shǐ guān， yīn cǐ bǎo cún yòu shí fēn xiáng jìn de lì shǐ zī liào， rú《 èr shí sì shǐ》、《 zī zhì tōng jiàn》 děng。 jù jīn yuē 4000 duō nián qián， yǐ zhōng yuán dì qū wéi zhōng xīn kāi shǐ chū xiàn jù luò zǔ zhì jìn 'ér chéng guó jiā hé cháo dài， hòu lì jīng duō cì yǎn biàn hé cháo dài gēngdié， chí xù shí jiān jiào cháng de cháo dài yòu shāng、 zhōu、 hàn、 táng、 sòng、 míng hé qīng děng， gè cháo gè dài yě chū xiàn guò tài píng shèng shì， rú hàn cháo wén jǐng zhī zhì hé guāng wǔ zhōng xīng、 táng cháo zhēn guān zhī zhì hé kāi yuán shèng shì、 míng cháo wàn lì zhōng xīng、 qīng cháo kāng qián shèng shì děng， kē xué yán jiū xiǎn shì zhōng guó cháo dài de gēngtì cháng shòu qì hòu yǔ liáng shí shēng chǎn liàng yǐng xiǎng， huì dǎo zhì chù zài zhàn luàn huò fēn liè shí qī。 zhōng yuán wáng cháo lì shǐ shàng bù duàn yǔ běi fāng yóu mù mín zú jiāo wǎng、 zhēng zhàn， rú xiōng nú、 tū jué、 xiān bēi、 měnggǔ hé nǚ zhēn（ mǎn zú） děng， qí zhōng， wèi jìn shí dài céng jīng yòu wǔ hú luàn huá， ér měnggǔ hé nǚ zhēn shèn zhì rù zhù zhōng yuán， gǎi biàn liǎo zhōng guó hé shì jiè de lì shǐ fā zhǎn jìn chéng， zhòng duō mín zú róng rù zhōng huá mín zú de dà jiā tíng。 xīn hài gé mìng hòu， zhōng guó de dì wáng guó tǐ yú 1912 nián tuì chū lì shǐ wǔ tái， qǔ 'ér dài zhī de shì gòng hé guó tǐ de zhōng huá mín guó yǔ zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó， zhōng guó lì shǐ bù rù xiàn dài。 1949 nián hòu， yóu yú guó gòng nèi zhàn de jiēguǒ， shǐ dé 'èr gè jì chéng“ zhōng guó” de guó míng dàn hù bù lì shǔ de zhèng zhì shí tǐ bìng cún， zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó hé zhōng huá mín guó jūn shēng chēng duì zhěng gè zhōng guó yōng yòu zhù quán。 zhōng guó shì shì jiè shàng shǎo shù zuì zǎo chǎn shēng wén míng bìng yán xù zhì jīn de guó jiā zhī yī， yīn qí wén huà chuán bō de guǎng fàn xìng、 dú tè xìng hé chéng shú xìng 'ér duì zhōu biān guó jiā hé mín zú de wén huà chǎn shēng shēn yuǎn yǐng xiǎng， tóng shí bù duàn xī shōu gè gè mín zú de wén míng chéng guǒ 'ér yǎn biàn wéi jīn tiān de zhōng huá wén huà。 China is one of the world's oldest civilizations and is regarded as the oldest continuous civilization. For centuries, it possessed the most advanced society and economy in the world through successive dynasties though it subsequently missed the industrial revolution and began to decline. In the 19th and 20th century, imperialism, internal weakness and civil wars damaged the country and its economy and led to the overthrow of imperial rule. In 1949, when major combat ended in the Chinese Civil War, two political entities emerged having the term "China" in their names: The People's Republic of China (PRC), established in 1949, commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999). The Republic of China (ROC) established in 1912 on mainland China, now commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. In the 1950s, change to economic policies in the Republic of China (Taiwan) transformed the island into a technology-oriented industrialized developed economy after a period of high growth rates and rapid industrialization. In mainland China, in the 1970s, reforms known as the Four Modernizations modernized the agriculture, industry, technology and defense, vastly raising living standards, and making the PRC one of the great powers. Historically, China's cultural sphere has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing systems being adopted to varying degrees by neighbors such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Through its history, China was the source of many major inventions. It has also one of the world's oldest written language systems. The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian cave. It is one of the earliest known specimens of Homo erectus, now commonly known as the Peking Man, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 780,000 years ago. |
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