Pinyin: shuǐguǒ
English: fruit
Meaning: fruit is juicy and sweet fruits of plants, not only rich in nutrients and can help digestion.
Some fruit is edible fruits and seeds of plants collectively.
Berry: oversensitive skin, husk is a thin layer of skin, the pulp soft and juicy and in a nuclear-free.
Such as: tomato, wax apple, banana, eggplant javanica, carambola, papaya and so on.
Citrus fruit: oversensitive skin, rich in fruit oil cell wall, rich fruit juice inside scoop braid.
Such as: citrus fruits, citrus shatangju, grapefruit, grapefruit, lemon, orange, kumquat and so on.
"Fruit" means "juice of the plant more edible fruit" of such phenomena. "Edible", "more juice", "fruit of the plant," the three properties is attributable to the "fruit" concept under the title of a collection of essential elements.
Fruits generally have the following four characteristics:
1. Rich juice;
2. With more soluble sugar, and many also contain volatile aromatic substances;
3. Usually eaten raw;
4. Be independent of meals consumed.
The better the features found on the more people to the "fruit" feeling. For example, although the banana juice much, but the flesh is rich in soluble sugars and to iso-amyl acetate (banana generic water) mainly volatile aromatic substances, usually eaten raw, can be independent of meal consumption, banana is a fruit. Again though rich tomato juice, and contains soluble sugar, but traditionally do not often eaten raw, not always independent of meals consumed, some people feel that it is not the fruit; but small fruit tomato cherry tomato varieties exclusively for raw food, often independent of meals consumed, it was widely seen as cherry tomato fruit.
On the health benefits of fruit
1. Antihypertensive fruit: Hawthorn, watermelon, pear, pineapple.
2. In a variety of vitamins, folic acid and the formation of DNA related to early pregnancy, folic acid on cell growth and repair is important, it helps a good embryonic nervous system development, prevention of maternal anemia.
Containing folic acid fruit: apple, banana, mango, papaya, kiwi.
3. Slow down the aging in the common fruit, the kiwi was considered closest to the perfect fruit, it contains the rich in vitamin C, A, E, folic acid and trace elements potassium, magnesium and dietary fiber and other nutrients, and heat is very low. This is to enable kiwi to play fast for the work, mental stress of modern urban vitality to people. In addition, the amino acids contained in kiwifruit can help the body manufacture hormones, slow down aging.
Because kiwifruit is cold, so pregnant mother is the best eating.
4. Slimming some fruits are rich in dietary fiber, fiber is not digested by small intestinal carbohydrates, in the colon, fiber can provide nutrients to the intestine, which helps promote the body's metabolism and help suppress appetite.
Weight of fruit: apples, grapefruit, dragon fruit.
5. Maintenance of human facial skin exposed every day by harmful substances in the air and ultraviolet radiation damage, as well as capillary shrinkage, reduction of sebaceous glands, the skin becomes dry, dehydrated. Fruits rich in antioxidants vitamin E and trace elements to nourish the skin, the cosmetic result is not comparable to ordinary cosmetics. And if you smoke or fat, it also implies a lack of fatty tissue in your body, these important elements.
Maintenance of the skin of fruit: banana, mango, melon, strawberries, oranges, apples.
6. Eyesight of many people's eyes distribution of capillaries, the role of vitamin C is that it can make eyes the blood supply is guaranteed.
Protect the eyes of the fruit: kiwi, lemon.
7. Cancer of the natural enemies more than usual dietary intake of fruits, can reduce the risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer and risk of lung cancer. This is because the fruit contains essential trace element for human body.
Anti-cancer fruits: kiwi, grapes, oranges, apples.
8. To lower cholesterol, fruit: apple, grapefruit, hawthorn.
The different roles of these fruits is a scientific conclusion.
High content of fruit Vc
Kiwi fruit, jujube, strawberry, loquat, orange, orange, persimmon, etc. are rich in vitamin C. 100 grams of fruit vitamin C content calculated with 420 mg of kiwifruit, fresh dates contain 380 mg, 80 mg of strawberry, orange contains 49 mg, 36 mg containing loquat, orange, persimmon, each containing 30 mg. Bananas, peaches, each containing 10 mg, grapes, figs, apples only 5 milligrams each, pears contain only 4 mg.
It measured adults need 60 mg a day of vitamin C, vitamin C content, if very little from the intake of fruit, the fig need 25, need 14 pears, grapes need about 1.5 kg. Therefore, eat only one or two less vitamin C content of fruit, in fact, did not help. However, if a higher vitamin C kiwifruit, citrus or persimmon, a day or two is enough. If jujube or strawberries, as long as 56, the day can be required vitamin intake to C. So, to get enough vitamin C, eat the fruit should have a choice.
In addition, some factors affecting the vitamin C content of fruit. For example, some fruit to prevent pests and sun, during the growth process used paper bags to wrap up, resulting in vitamin C content decreased; summer fruit harvest, storage in the cold, the winter sale, fruit vitamin C content will be reduced; modern families generally have refrigerators, and many people like to buy a lot of fruit into. However, the longer fruit storage, the more vitamin C loss.
Fruit also bloodshed
Why can sober up fruit
Excessive drinking often drunk, drink more than a sign, language, better tongue not working, cheeks numb fever, dizziness, unstable ... ... is drunk standing precursor, requiring a hangover. Many people know, eat some fruit with a sour or Beverage Service 1 - 2 of 2 clean vinegar can be sobering. Rationale?
This is because the organic acids contained in fruits, such as apple contains malic acid, contains citric acid in citrus, grapes contain tartaric acid and so on, but the main components of wine ethanol, organic acids can interact with alcohol to form esters material so as to achieve the purpose of sobering.
Similarly, vinegar can also sobering because vinegar will contain 3 - 5% acetic acid, acetic acid Nenggen ethyl alcohol via an esterification reaction. Despite the sour fruit and vinegar can make the anesthetic effects of excessive alcohol to ease, but because of the esterification reaction carried out in the body when the interference by many factors, the result is unsatisfactory. Therefore, the best way to prevent drunk is to drink more.
Fruit and not a substitute for vegetables (excellent for training Note)
2,3-year-old child may not like to eat vegetables, because it is more difficult to chew, the taste is not very appealing to children. As a result, some parents with fruit instead of vegetables. Composition of different fruits and vegetables. The main components of fresh fruit vitamin C, organic acids and salts, as well as a small amount of sugar, and fresh vegetables contain vitamin C, minerals and fiber than fruit and more. Cellulose can promote bowel movements and prevent constipation. Some vegetables contain phytochemicals, can anti-cancer, prevention of hardening of the arteries. Thus, fruits and vegetables provide different nutrients and can not replace each other.
Not eat fruit after a meal
Now most people are used to eat fruit after a meal may, in fact, this method is wrong, eating fruit immediately after a meal is not only useless but also harmful to the stomach, because just after a meal, intestinal and stomach do not digest food, and immediately consumption of fruit can cause intestinal obstruction caused by damage to the stomach, causing bloating go a long way accustomed prominent stomach, causing some damage to health. Get rid of bad habits make better health
Longan
Called "longan" is valuable in subtropical and tropical specialties, the history of the South "longan" North "ginseng," said. Longan fruit is rich in nutrients, since ancient times by people like, but as a valuable tonic, the tonic function is obvious.
Ming Li's had the "capital interest longan good" rating. According to analysis, the whole fruit with sugar 12.38 - 22.55%, sugar 3.85 - 10.16%, total acid 0.096 - 0.109%, Vitamin C 43.12 - 163.7 mg / 100 grams of flesh, VK196.5 mg / 100 grams of pulp. In addition to fresh longan, the processing system can also be dry, canning, Jian Gao and so on. Longan has aphrodisiac Qi, benefit heart and spleen, nourishing the nerves, soothing beauty and many other effects, treat anemia, heart palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, neurasthenia and the ill, weak postpartum embolism. Practice shows that modern medicine, it also beauty, longevity of effect.
Longan production environment is critical, the world's limited space to plant longan, generally sub-tropical, temperate climate without severe frost partial area is suitable.
Therefore, the longan has always been known as the Lingnan good results, because both fresh eating but also for medicinal, in short supply in the market.
Mandarin
Is the world's most important commodity fruit, subtropical region of China's most widely cultivated fruit area is also the most important fruit in Guangxi. It includes many different types, mainly cultivated in Guangxi have orange, mandarin, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, and there are many varieties of each species.
Ancient "Yu Gong," recorded 4000 years ago, the Xia Dynasty, China's Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places of production of citrus, has been classified as property tax tribute. To the Han era, further development of citrus production. "Records? Su played Biography" (Han Qian a) reads: "Let sea salt will cause the fish, Chu will come to Orange in the Park", indicating Chu (Hubei, Hunan and other places) of citrus and Qi (Shandong and other places (both fish salt production, "Historical Records" is also mentioned: "Shu Gangneung Arcadia orange, ... ... This Hou so its everyone and 1000." It is obvious that there is considerable scope citrus production.
Citrus fruit is juicy and delicious, delicious flavor, rich in sugars, organic acids, minerals, and vitamins and other components, high nutritional value. Orange or medicine, food industry an important raw material. In addition to fresh fruit, the processed into canned, juice, jam, etc.; peel hesperidin can be extracted, refined flavor and pectin.
Cane
【Scientific name】 Saccharum officenarum L.
【Alias】 potato sugar cane, dry cane, then intestinal grass, sugarcane, sweet sticks, etc.
【Branch】 grass is Gramineae, Saccharum Saccharum
【Features】 sugar cane and characteristics are tropical and subtropical annual perennial herb, is a C4 plant. Stem erect, thick and juicy, the surface often dressed white powder, leaves alternate, the edge of a small sharp teeth, spikes for the complex raceme. Sugar cane for the thermophilic, hi light crop, accumulated temperature required to 5500 ~ 8500 ℃, frost-free period 330d above, the average annual air humidity of 60%, annual precipitation required 800 ~ 1200mm, sunshine hours of the 1195 hours. Sugarcane on soil wider adaptability to clay loam, loam, sandy loam is better. Soil pH values from 4.5 to 8.0, sugarcane can grow, but the soil pH value of 6.5 to 7.5 as appropriate.
】 【Distribution of sugarcane originated in India, now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The largest country in sugar cane planting in Brazil, followed by India, China ranked third, growing larger countries including Cuba, Thailand, Mexico, Australia, the United States. Sugarcane is mainly distributed in Guangdong, China, Taiwan, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei and other provinces (autonomous regions).
【Uses】 sugar. Can also be made of sucrose ester, fructose syrup and so on. Bagasse, molasses and filter mud, etc. can be made into paper, fiberboard, crushed boards, furfural, feed, food supplies medium, alcohol, ice, yeast, citric acid, lysine, acetic acid, MSG, glycerol, cement, fertilizers. Sugarcane shoots, sugarcane leaves, bagasse, bran, molasses or alcohol waste as cattle, sheep and other ruminant feed can be used; the molasses, filter mud mixed with the grain type feed can be made into pellets; sugar refinery waste discharge, fertilizer for sugar cane waste can.
Sugar cane is the main raw material in China. World sugar production in about 65% sucrose, China accounted for more than 80%. Sugar is one of human essential food supplies, but also candy, drinks and other important raw material for the food industry. At the same time, sugar cane or light industry, chemical raw materials and energy, important. Thus, the development of sugarcane production, improving people's lives, and promote the development of agriculture and related industries, and even on the development of the national economy has an important position and role.
Sugar cane's origin, distribution and production profile
1. The origin of sugar cane
The origin of sugarcane, three, first originated in India, the second is originated in the South Pacific, New Guinea, three originated in China. China is one of the old sugarcane. Has a long history of sugarcane cultivation as early as the fourth century BC, China's historical records have planted sugar cane, to have the calendar year system of the Tang dynasty, the record of rock candy. In recent years, many studies have shown that there are several centers of origin of sugarcane, while China is one of them.
2. The distribution of sugarcane
3. China's sugar cane production profile
China is one of the world's major sugar producers. World raw sugar from 1998 to 1999 the total output is 128.7 million tons, of which the total output of 8.934 million tons of sugar in China, the world's third largest sugar producing country.
The past 50 years, China's sugar industry has made great development. Sugarcane growing area of 160 acres from 1949 to 1998, 2000, the development of mu; the total output of sugar cane from the development of 2.642 million tons in 1949 to 83.438 million tons in 1998 to 1998 to 1999, sugar Zongchandadao 7.701 million tons, accounting for 86.2% of total sugar.
Sugarcane breeding history and present situation
Since 1953, hybrid breeding farm in Hainan, Jian Li, China's sugar cane research units across the continent have launched new varieties of sugarcane breeding and research so far has bred more than 100 sugarcane varieties for production use, facilitating the development of China Zhe Tang. Such as sugar 57-423,86-368 Guangdong Guangdong, Guangxi, Guangxi Sugar No. 11, Gui 15, 70-611 Mintang Fujian, Yunnan, 71-388,89-151, etc.. 1998 to 1999 the country's largest five varieties: sugar Gui 11, the new Sugar No. 10, elected three, Guangdong sugar 63-237, a new TSC 16, accounting for 21.04% of the total area, 9.27%, 8.72%, 6.77 % and 6.53%.
Sexual hybrid sugarcane breeding needs, and reproduction is vegetative propagation. Varieties of sugar cane per plant are within the same genotype, except by chance mutations, or very consistent. At present, most countries in the world bred varieties is 3 to 5 of the original species of sugarcane hybrids, then the hybridization and backcross breeding varieties, essentially homogeneous composition of species re-genotype combinations, so it leads to inbreeding sugarcane varieties, narrow genetic base, are closely related, resulting in nearly 30 years of breeding in the production of sugar cane, sugar and resistance has been more difficult to break. Therefore, the world community attaches great importance to sugarcane sugarcane breeding germplasm collection, research and use, in order to expand the blood, enrich the genetic basis of parents to create a breakthrough materials and varieties. Sugar cane, remember to distinguish between two sugarcane. Nearly black skin color purple cane, commonly known as black cane, with the more moderate tonic, sore throat, excessive heat are not. The peel skin color green cane, commonly known as cane, are sweet and cool nature, there is heat effect, heat energy solution Hyperactivity Hyperactivity and stomach cough, phlegm, yellow and thick sputum Nongzhuo people, big cane available juice with pear juice, and enhance the effectiveness of heat Runzao Qingfei. Cane with raw lotus root juice has the same effect. The thermodilution cough, cough person to vomit blood, after drinking to relieve. In addition, it is said that this party for urinary tract infection, commonly known as the (red urine) also have effect.
Juice itself with cool, people should not drink more physical Deficiency, if cold cough (sputum white and thin) were wrong to drink, the condition may be real-time increase. According to legend, after the boiling sugar cane juice can prevent this abuse, but it does effect how they are made. Daoshi cane with Rhizoma Imperatae, carrots boiled water does the effect of heat, the children more gum and bad temper, the most appropriate. If combined with water chestnuts (horseshoe), children with chicken pox or measles can be, when the water consumption of a variety of removing heat can help the virus through the hair, can also speed up the recovery. As the main source of sugar, sugar cane-rich nutritional value, it is beyond question. Juice if too monotonous, cooking juice available, able and wide in the stomach, make you a good appetite.
【Name】 sugarcane medicine
【English name】 Sugarcane
【Latin Name】 Saccharum sinensis Roxb.
【Name】 potato research sugarcane, dry sugar cane, then intestinal grass, cane pole, sugar Terrier
Source】 【Subject Gramineae
】 【Medicinal part of the stalk of sugarcane. The stem bark of this plant (sugar cane, leather), stem the growth of shoots between (cane chicken) also for medicinal.
After】 【character, taste sweet, cold, non-toxic. ① "Do not record": "sweet, neutral, non-toxic." ② "Japan-China sub-Materia Medica": "cold." ③ "South Yunnan, said the draft": "smells sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic." ④ "Gang Mu ":" Sweet Shibuya, flat, non-toxic. "
Lungs, spleen and stomach. ① "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "start, full moon, Meridian." ② "New Materia Medica": "Rupi, lung, large intestine." ③ "Materia Medica another new": "hepatic, spleen and two by . "
【Category】 tonic drug efficacy, drug yin
【Indications】 efficacy heat, fluid, under the gas, moistening. Government fever Tianjin injury, up_set_ thirst, nausea, vomiting, Dryness of cough, dry stools knot. And drug hangover.
【Usage consumption】 Oral: sugar cane juice, 2 to 4 2. External: trace and apply.
【】 Spleen Deficiency should avoid drugs were careful service. ① "Ben Cao Jing Shu": "cold stomach, vomiting, and in those who avoid the full Hua Xie." ② "Herbal Health Introduction": "eat more food for a long time, good fat, wet the fire, as sputum, swelling, vomiting, cough of the disease. "
Drug Combination】 【fried sugarcane pulp refining: the similar shoot and fish food, will not be benefits to the people, "Compendium of Materia Medica." With Lai Fu: heat hangover. With ginger: Temperature in Jiangni. With corn: lungs and spleen.
Apple
"An apple a day" is a well-known health slogan. Indeed, the apple is rich in sugars, organic acids, fiber, vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and flavonoids nutrients by scientists as "a full range of health fruit." So in the end what health effects it has won such a reputation then?
Lower blood lipids: Japan Institute of Pomology human experiment showed that eating two apples a day, 3 weeks after the subjects blood triglyceride levels decreased by 21%, and high triglyceride levels is the hardening of the arteries of the culprit . Apple pectin into the human body, combined with bile acids, like a sponge to absorb the excess of cholesterol and triglycerides, and then excreted. Meanwhile, Apple is conducive to the decomposition of acetic acid catabolism of the two substances. In addition, the Apple of vitamins, fructose, magnesium can also reduce their content.
Lower blood pressure: excess sodium is caused by high blood pressure and stroke an important factor. Apple contains sufficient potassium can be combined with the body of excess sodium and excretion, thereby reducing blood pressure. Meanwhile, the potassium ion can protect blood vessels and reduce blood pressure, stroke incidence. Well-known British pharmacologist, Dr. Susan Allridge found apple polyphenols and flavonoids contained in the material can be effective in preventing cardiovascular disease.
Prevention of Cancer: Study of Hirosaki University, Japan confirmed that apple polyphenol can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. A study of Finland's more exciting: Apples contain flavonoids is a highly effective antioxidant, it is not only the best cleaning agent of vascular and cancer killer. If people eat more apples, can reduce the risk of lung cancer 46% risk of other cancers was also reduced by 20%. French National Health Medical Research Institute's latest research also tells us that apple procyanidins can prevent colon cancer.
Antioxidant: Cornell University's team dipped into rat brain cells with quercetin and vitamin C in the liquid, found brain cells significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity. Compared with other fruits and vegetables, apples contain quercetin is the best, and yellow apples and red apple green apple off than good. Therefore, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients, Apple is the best food.
Strengthen bones: Apple contains elements that enhance bone mineral boron and manganese. A U.S. study found that boron can greatly increase the blood estrogen and other compounds, the concentrations of these substances can be effective in preventing calcium loss. Medical experts believe that postmenopausal women if the intake of 3 grams per day of boron, calcium turnover rate so they can reduce 46% of postmenopausal women to eat more apples, help calcium absorption and utilization of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Maintain the acid-base balance: 70% of the disease occurs in people who acidic, while Apple is the basic food, eat apples and body too quickly in the acidic substances (including the Movement of acid and fish, meat, eggs and other acidic Food and acid in the body metabolites), increased physical and disease resistance.
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away." Among the many fruits, apples can be said is the most common and most peaceful one, but its nutritional value is not be underestimated. Chinese believe that it can be fluid and lung, spleen appetizer. The analysis of nutrition that contains up to Apple, fructose, and contains a variety of organic acids, pectin and trace elements.
Apple Pectin is soluble fiber, not only can promote cholesterol metabolism, reduce cholesterol levels, it promotes fat excreted. The French did an experiment, a group of healthy middle-aged men and women daily consumption of two to three apples, one month later, they measured cholesterol levels, found that 80% of human blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL called bad cholesterol) are decreased; the same time, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL or good cholesterol) increased. Apple can be seen for cardiovascular assistance.
Apple contains trace elements of potassium can dilate blood vessels, enabling patients with hypertension, while zinc is necessary for the body, the lack of glucose metabolism would lead to decreased sexual function.
Raw apples, in addition to access to more benefits, but also conditioning stomach, because it's rich in fiber will help drainage. On the other hand, diarrhea is also good for people who eat it, because the malic acid with convergence, but it should be noted that in the case of spleen Deficiency Type of chronic diarrhea, will Apple be wrapped with aluminum foil, baked cooked before or simmer until cooked eat.
Apple nutrient-rich, heat is not high, and even welcomed by the weight loss. Diet, the use of apple skin plus a few slices ginger boiled water to drink, to stop vomiting. Pears with the apples with pears cold can be reduced, more to strengthen the stomach and lungs and profit effect. Autumn sugar, apples, pears several, plus a two-lily (30 grams), Dendrobium 5 money (15 grams), almonds 3 money (9 grams), can Runfei cough.
Weight Loss: Apple will increase satiety, reduce food intake before meals to eat to achieve weight loss purposes.
Peach
The benefits of well-known peach: peach with Bu Zhong Yi Qi, Yin Sheng Jin, the effectiveness of laxative, especially for the two blood loss, Mianhuangjishou, palpitations, shortness of breath, constipation, amenorrhea, swelling and other symptoms of congestion and more food
"Peach nutritious, rich varnish, such substances to the colon can absorb a lot of water, to achieve the effect of preventing constipation." However, the chief physician be well to remind Shaw, "but lit and constipation, eat lots of peaches Not only will not alleviate the post, it will "fuel". "
So, take a peach and eat it easy to be lit by dry mouth, thirst, sore throat and other symptoms of distress lit people eat less or eat the best peach, easy sore boil people also eat more serious will be sore from the body.
, Xiao told reporters: "eat peaches will be allergic to, partly because there is a layer of peach fuzz, peach light water wash hair often can not be all peaches washed off, but the body itself of this peach hair allergy; the other hand, with the human body related; peach picked from the tree, itself is summer heat, with the collision with the body's heat might cause allergies. "
There are a lot of people eat peaches on Naodu Zi, it is because peach contains a large number of macromolecules, and these were too weak gastrointestinal function.
Peach, the pictures show
The following four categories of people eat less or eat the best peach
1. Peacetime heat Piansheng, easy sore boil people should not eat.
2. Best not to feed infants peach because the peach contains a large number of macromolecules, poor infant gastrointestinal dialysis, unable to digest these substances, it is likely to cause allergic reactions.
3. Sickly weak health of patients and patients with gastrointestinal function should not be too weak to eat, because it will increase the burden of gastroenteritis.
4. Eat peach trigger allergic people, of course, have to hold back the temptation to friends.
Notably, not fully mature peach best not to eat, eat cause bloating or diarrhea.
How healthy eating peach?
Xiao Taifu recommended to eat before you can rub salt directly to the skin of a peach, and then wash with water, to remove the peach hair cleaner. Also if the peaches just picked from the tree, the best place to eat half a day, so it is heat dissipated eat better. Not fully mature peach best not to eat, eat cause bloating or diarrhea.
"Once eating peach allergy, when the first symptoms of mild, such as mouth redness, peeling, itching, this time, parents should let their children to eat, to face, hand wash. If the child's symptoms of more serious, such as lips, mouth Zhou, ears, neck, large red spot appears, even a slight edema, it should be taken seriously, and serious, and even cause diarrhea. "Xiao Taifu recommendations.
Xiao Taifu gave us a recipe: soak some green tea, put some salt in it, wash with hot tea allergy site. Wipe with a dry towel after, and then coated with 61 scattered. If the symptoms are rather heavy, can be replaced by non-polar extract powder 61. If the surface of edema, can be coated with some Binghuangfule ointment.
Mild, coated twice a day, symptoms and can be painted three. Also with the eating away heat and toxic drugs, such as honeysuckle, chlorpheniramine, etc.. If the skin edema, usually can eat more carrots, drink plenty of water.
Coconut
Name:
Latin scientific name: Cocos nucifera L.
English name: Coconut
Synonyms: Xu Yu, the first king of Yue, coconut ladle, etc.
Division are:
Domain: Eukarya Domain Eukarya
Sector: Flora Viridiplantae
Door: Door Magnoliophyta Angiosperms
Class: Liliopsida Monocots
Head: Head Arecales Palm
Section: palm Arecaceae / Palmaceae
Are: coconut is Cocos
Species: C. nucifera coconut
Characteristics:
Evergreen tree. Trunk straight, high 15-30m, single crown, neat. Leaves pinnate full crack, long 4-6m, many lobes, leathery, linear-lanceolate, long 65-100cm, width 3-4cm acuminate; petiole stout, long more than 1m. Buddha flame inflorescence axillary, long 1.5-2m, more branches, the upper branches male poly born, female flowers scattered in the lower part; male flowers with sepals 3, scaly, length 3-4mm, petals 3, coriaceous, ovate oblong, 1-1.5cm; stamens six; female flower number of pieces of the base of a small bracts, sepals leathery, round, width 2.5cm, petals and sepals similar, but smaller. Nuts obovate or nearly spherical, with a triangular top micro-long 15-25cm, endocarp bony, near the base with three apertures, seed 1; endosperm contains a rich sap of the cavity.
Ecological features:
Hi light of tropical coconut crops, in hot, rainy, sunny and windswept conditions, good growth and development. Asked a 24-year average temperature over 25 ℃, the temperature difference is small, the whole year without frost, coconut can flower and fruit normally, the optimum growth temperature of 26-27 ℃. Month of the year if the average temperature is 18 ℃, the yield decreased significantly, if the average temperature below 15 ℃, it will lead to falling flower, fruit drop and leaf yellowing. Water conditions should be more than 1500-2000mm annual rainfall and distribution, but is rich in underground water for irrigation or to the area, annual rainfall is 600-800mm can also grow well; drought on coconut yield up to 2 -3 years, the long-term water will also affect the coconut in the growing and output. Coconut suitable for growth in low-elevation areas, China's Hainan Island at an altitude of 150-200m below the growth and development can be a good place. Haidian alluvial soil is suitable and in river alluvial soil, followed by sandy loam, gravel soil is again, the worst clay. Groundwater requested 1.0-2.5m, poorly drained clay and marsh soil suitable for planting. On soil fertility, the requirement is rich in potassium. PH value of soil for 5.2-8.3, but 7.0 is most appropriate. Coconut has strong wind resistance wind ,6-7 on growth and yield only slightly affected. 8-9 typhoon to blow off a few leaves, and tear leaflets. 10-12 and above strong typhoon of the coconut serious harm. Conditions are suitable, coconut plants began to post the actual, 15-18-year period for the rich, individual results of 40-80 months, many are more than 100 economic life of more than 80 years. Palm leaf number produced each year, varies with age, rich in period ago, with the trend of increased age, rich in period decreased slightly, but still kept constant. Seedling leaves of years pumping roughly about the film, did not result saplings 10-13 films, young 14-15 tablets the result tree, mature tree 12-13 pieces. With the aging plant, a corresponding reduction in the number of leaves produced. Year, due to seasonal changes in leaf number per month of pumping there is a certain change (Table 150-1). Results of each young tree buds out of the number of trees less than the adult, the former the latter an average of 10.6 to 12. Year, pumping hundreds of shell, 11-May-June for up to at least December. Bud out 3.5 months later revealed by the inflorescence, known as the flowering up to the July-September, and the buds open up in the pistil, in November to next March at least. Coconut from fertilization to fruit ripening takes 12 months.
Nutritional value:
Coconut milk and coconut water content of protein, fructose, glucose, sucrose, fat, vitamin B1, vitamin E, vitamin C, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Coconut meat color white as jade, smooth crisp aromatic; coconut milk cool and sweet. Coconut meat, coconut milk is a delicious fruit of all ages.
Forage Value:
Coconut coconut oil extraction as feed mainly coconut oil cake left after. Generally speaking, each capable of producing 0.18 kg of coconut coconut 1000, to oil extraction 0.11kg, while access to 0.055kg coconut cake. Using coconut oil cake feeding livestock, need to gradually add to their diet, a habit is like eating animals. Daily volume of cow feed 1.5-2.0kg, were fed coconut oil cake, cow's milk fat content can increase. In pig diets in order to add 25% of the best, in addition, dried coconut leaves and coconut for domestic animals like to eat, but generally do not do feed utilization. Fresh coconut water can be used as a livestock artificial insemination diluted semen component.
Distribution:
Coconut cultivation of crops for the ancient origin different opinions, have said that production in South America, has said that Asian tropical island, but most believed to have originated in Malaysia. Are widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Oceania and the Americas, the tropical coastal and inland regions. Mainly in the north and south between 20 ° latitude, particularly in the equatorial distribution of coastal areas the most. Second, in the north-south latitude 20 ° -23.5 ° range is also widespread and. Coconut cultivation in China has 2000 years of history. Are mainly distributed in parts of Hainan, southern Taiwan, Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Baoshan, estuaries also have a small amount of the distribution.
Cultivation techniques:
Propagation: by seed propagation. Fully mature coconut, so long as proper temperature and humidity conditions, over two months began to germinate. Hainan germination method commonly used by the nursery ready. _Select_ semi-shading, ventilation, drainage a good environment, to remove the weeds roots, 15-20 cm deep tillage, ditch, width slightly wider than the fruit, the kind of results one after another leaned ditch 45 ° angle of buried to the fruits of half to two-thirds. When the bud length 10-15 cm, the shift to moderate shaded buds nursery, pay attention to watering, drainage, weeding and fertilizing. Usually about a year, about 1 meter height can Chupu colonization.
Management: General or the rainy season begins in the small rainy season planting, high survival rate. Should be deep kind of light earth, to just cover the top is appropriate to the kind of fruit. It should be noted after the weeding, cultivator, earth and fertilization.
Characteristics: the shape of watermelon coconut, husk thin, was Anhe green; mesocarp is thick fibrous layer; inner skin was horny. Fruit coconut milk in a large storage cavity, mature, its internal storage with coconut milk, clean water, sweet as honey, shining brilliantly, is an excellent thirst for cool products.
Medicinal Introduction
Coconut palm coconut plants Cocos nucifera L., with fruit juices and shell medicine. Mature fruit collection, ready to take gravy and shell for use.
【】 Properties and owned by the sweet, warm.
【Functions and Indications】
Fruit juices: tonic, fluid, diuretic, insecticide. For heart disease edema, dry mouth, polydipsia, ginger insects.
Nutshell: expelling wind, dampness, itching. External governance body ringworm, athlete's foot.
【Usage and Dosage】 amount of coconut milk or coconut; external coconut placed on the burning stove, cover with a bowl to collect the vapor, condensation may distillate oil, plus 30% alcohol mixture coating the lesion.
【Notes】 Growth 9 months of the coconut, has juice in the clinical trial, an emergency as a substitute for intravenous infusion.
Chemical Composition】 【Traditional Chinese Medicine
Coconut oil 35% -45%. Oil contains 20% free fatty acids, sheep oleic acid (caproic acid) 2%, palmitic acid (palmitic acid), tallow acid (caprylic acid) 9%, sheep wax acid (capric acid), oleic acid (oleic acid) 2 % lauric acid (lauric acid); also with stigmasterol 3-enol (stignastatrienol), stigmasterol (stig-masterol) and fucose sterol (fucosterol), α-spinach sterols (α-spinasterol) and sterol (sterol). About 15% carbohydrates, mainly stachyose (stachyose), sugar (sucrose), glucose (glucose). Less than 5% of the protein, including albumin (albumin), globulin (globulin), alcohol-soluble protein (proamine), etc.. Vitamin (vitamin) B1 173μg%, B5 103μg%, B2 micro-, α-tocopherol (α-toco-pherol) 700μg%, γ-tocopherol γ-tocopherol) 250μg%. Vitamin C content in immature fruit is higher. Stones with mannan (mannan).
Coconut is a tropical treasure place, fat and protein content of Trinidad and Tobago. Abstract readily to cooked coconut tree, has been able to provide a good nutritious meal. The biggest misunderstanding people of Hong Kong coconut, than that it moist. In fact, coconut and warm, can BHD fire, and can keep fit, the most suitable weak, limb weakness, easy fatigue of the people to enjoy, especially the coconut sticky rice with chicken, especially good effect, because the coconut meat, rice and chicken are nourishing to stew manner, benefit more significant effect.
However, still an old one, containing the body of people should not eat hot coconut. If you have a long night sleep, I love popular in fried food, easy temper, dry mouth, then we must remember not to eat coconut. Also, always known as clearing heat and moist coconut submarine, in fact, make up as temperate.
If you love coconut, optional green water coconut to quench, or get coconut dessert, add other ingredients to balance, for example, Radix, lilies, dendrobium, can heat Yin; plus melon child can Xie Fei fire; Canada of cool Fungus or clear up the yellow ears and coconut in the temperature can dry.
Predecessors believed that coconut can be insect, especially the ginger insects. However, nowadays, I believe that there is not much natural pesticide market, but is suffering from cold cough may wish to eat coconut meat, can cough up phlegm fire. If you do not know what cold cough identify, ignored its own weak health, throat itching, no phlegm and other symptoms happen drank cold cabbage soup and add cold, coughing, then coconut or coconut stewed chicken can to relieve these symptoms.
Value of high nutritional value of coconut. China's TCM, coconut sweet natured, has a replenishing spleen, the efficacy of insecticidal elimination Malnutrition; coconut milk is sweet, warm, with health-chun, Lee water features. Modern medical research shows that coconut meat contains protein, carbohydrate; coconut oil contains sugar, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, etc.; coconut milk contains more nutrients, if the sugar, glucose, sucrose, protein, fat , vitamin B, vitamin C and calcium, phosphorus, iron and other trace elements and minerals. From this we can see that coconut is edible quality goods. When the spleen and stomach, fatigue, loss of appetite, limb weakness, physical weakness, it will be chopped coconut meat, and add some chicken and sticky rice, steamed food, better effect, as chicken, rice and coconut all three-tonic with soup approach, benefit more significant effect; coconut can be added to sub-melon Xie Fei fire; increase of cold meat, or clean up the snow yellow ears and coconut in the temperature can be dry; suffering from cold cough, they may wish to eating coconut meat, can play a cough, phlegm role. The body heat of people should not eat coconut Sheng; long night if you sleep, eat fried food, easy temper, dry mouth, they should bear in mind do not eat coconut.
In addition to its fruit coconut plays a significant role, the other part of the function is not small: coconut shell activated carbon can be burned or processed coconut carved, musical instruments; copra processed into coconut oil; coconut wood in the hard, beautiful patterns, do furniture or building materials. Utilization up to more than 360 kinds of coconut products in abroad, "Bao Shu", "wood of life," said.
Guava
【Scientific name】 Psidium guajava L.
【Alias】 guava fruit bazi chicken droppings vector drawing
Distribution】 【guava is a tropical fruit trees adaptable. Origin of tropical America, 16 ~ 17 century spread to the world's tropical and subtropical regions such as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, North Africa, and Vietnam. Introduced into China around the late 17th century. Is Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces are cultivated in some places has Yat wild fruit trees.
【Introduction】 Taiwan guava as Myrtaceae Psidium fruit, meat is very soft, juicy, sweet, almost seedless, pear flavor close to Taiwan and between big jujube. Its oval-shaped fruit, the color blue to creamy white milk, very beautiful, still the number one weight loss fruit. Guava fruit shape are spherical, oval, oval and yang pear, peel ordinary green, red, yellow, flesh white, red, yellow and so on. Tender meat, crisp and sweet, refreshing comfortable, eat non-greasy skincare the best fruit is.
】 【Nutritional Analysis
People】 【related
The general population can eat
Particularly suitable for the growth and development of children, for hypertension, diabetes, obesity and gastrointestinal impairment, is the ideal food for the fruit.
Habits of children and have constipation or people should not eat heat. Liver should guard against constipation hot as guava convergence antidiarrheal effect.
】 【Production guidance
1. Convenient raw fruits, washed (to avoid peeling) can be eaten, some people like to cut placed on a plate, with a little plum powder or salt, unique flavor. If using the family blender, homemade juice, guava juice flavor, and enjoy the unique taste of life.
【Remarks】
Miao-season fruit and eat less
Of-season fruit was originally used in greenhouse cultivation using high-tech varieties out. Not rely on the use of-season fruit growth hormone before, mainly through the greenhouse facilities and improve the means of changing the growth environment at room temperature so that plants mature earlier in the season.
However, in order to facilitate the storage and transportation of fruits, fruit farmers to close down the ripe fruit picked in advance, sell them before then ethylene ripening.
We know that fruits in the natural maturation process, bananas, persimmons, apples, kiwi fruit for a class of respiratory climactic fruit itself will release a small amount of ethylene Lai of fruit maturity, but if it is to use artificial ripening method, using must be a trace of ethylene, if you use a lot of the unripe Fruit ripening ethylene, not only on the human body after consumption of no benefit, but it will adversely affect the human body. However, the use of fruit ripening agents can be listed in advance to sell a good price, thus resulting in a market of-season fruit ripening on the rise.
Experts remind us that some-season fruit eating better.
1, grape: Some unscrupulous traders and farmers to use ripening agents - ethylene. Ethephon water users in proportion to dilution, it will not mature green grapes soaked into diluted solution, over a day or two becomes purple grapes green grapes.
2 banana: banana skin becomes yellow in order to look good, and some unscrupulous traders with sulfur dioxide to ripening, but the flesh is still eating up the hard, is not sweet. Sulphur dioxide is harmful to human body.
3, Watermelon:-standard use of ripening agents, thickening agents and highly toxic pesticides, so infected watermelon. Watermelon rind on the fringes of this uneven, cut especially bright after the flesh, can be seeds are white, eating mouth odor.
4, Strawberry: the middle hollow, irregular shape has huge strawberries, usually due to hormone excess. Strawberry ripening agent or other use of the hormone class medicine after the shorter growing period, fresh color, but it fades a fruit.
Fruit on the human health effects are hard, if we have targeted to eat, the effect will be better. I know what my fruit for which the role of what has introduced to you.
Health specialists, vice chairman of China, Beijing West China Medical Center for Economic Research, Dr. Wood said, rely on fruit weight, dieting to lose weight will be lost, after the inevitable rebound, as it decreased the body metabolic efficiency. The key to weight loss is not direct control of artificial heat, in fact you have little control. The key is to control blood sugar lose weight to control appetite and speed up metabolism and increased exercise.
He advocated a zero-hunger diet: a lot of water, preferably filtered raw water, avoid drinking beverages, especially sugary drinks. Eat a lot of green leafy vegetables, as we choose low-sugar fruits, the best raw, organic fruits conditional choice. Specific fruits can be divided into three categories:
Red food: high-sugar fruits and flour and rice. During weight loss, to strictly prevent the bananas, pineapple, watermelon and other fruits.
Yellow food: such as peach, apple, orange, etc., coarse grains should be controlled.
Green food: such as low sugar cherry, strawberry, grapefruit, etc., can be assured to eat.
Appeared flustered, palpitations, hunger, weakness, hand-foot-shaking, pale skin, sweating hypoglycemia, some people think should be added more sugar, eat more fruit to alleviate the high sugar content. In fact not the case, then should eat a low carbohydrate, high protein, high fat foods, instead of Yi Chi too much fruit. At the same time to limit the consumption of refined sugar, glucose, sugar, brown sugar, beverages, preserved fruit, canned food, sweets, etc., because these foods on insulin secretion to a certain extent.
Easy to hypoglycemia in patients, usually edible fruit with lower sugar content, such as pear, apple, peach, apricot, kiwi, watermelon, cantaloupe, etc. 150 to 250 grams per day can be consumed with each other every day can be divided into 3 4 times consumption. Regular consumption of fruit not only a dramatic effect on insulin secretion, or effective measures to prevent low blood sugar.
Guangdong citrus shatangju
Citrus shatangju, also known as orange in October. Origin of Quang Ninh, the four areas, four will be the main origin, Quang Ninh, Yunfu, Qingyuan, Deqing, South Sheng Town, Yunan, is one of the local citrus cultivars. Hence the name because of its sweet as Shatang. Particularly citrus shatangju Sihui City Yellow franca produced for authentic, delicious and very sweet Only, no residue, taste exquisite, in fact, superb!
Citrus shatangju are Quang Ninh, the four traditional native products, but also the famous citrus varieties, and was "Yangcheng Evening News," Yu said, "thriving." Fruit citrus shatangju flat circular top of tumor-like protrusions, City umbilical end of depression, the color orange, wrapped in thin wall, easy to peel. Fruit shape index 0.78, average fruit weight 62-86 grams of edible 71%, may contain 11% soluble solids, total sugar per 100 ml 10.55 g, acid 0.35 grams. Flesh crisp, juicy, melting, sweet taste, Qin Xin throat after eating, food for thought. The product is world famous ,60-70 years, has bulk-selling to Hong Kong and Macao region southeast.
Medium crown citrus shatangju developed root system, round type, branch detailed, a little straight production, tips of the hair strong, oval leaves, dark green. Flowering in late March, beginning in late September Sweet, 10 months early harvest in late -11. Not strictly required in cultivation technology, wide adaptability, has some resistance, is one of stable and high yield varieties of citrus. General planting 3-year results, five years after the rich period. 100-150 kg yield per plant, yield by up to 350-400 kg, the fruit-resistant storage.
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