饮食的概念
本义:喝。甲骨文字形。右边是人形,左上边是人伸着舌头,左下边是酒坛(酉)。象人伸舌头向酒坛饮酒。小篆演变为“饮”,隶书作“饮”。
古人很早就知道酿酒。殷人好酒是有名的，出土的觚爵等酒器之多，可以说明当时饮酒之盛。不过古代一般所谓酒都是以黍为糜（煮烂的黍），加上曲糵（niè）（酒母）酿成的，不是烧酒。烧酒是后起的。
茶是我国主要的特产之一。《尔雅·释木》：“槚，苦茶。”茶荼本是同一个字。但是上古没有关于饮茶的记载。王褒《僮约》里说到“烹茶”、“买茶”，可见茶在汉代某些地区不但是一种饮料，而且是一种商品。《三国志·吴书·韦曜传》载，孙皓密赐韦曜茶荈以当酒，《续博物志》说南人好饮茶，大概饮茶的风气是从江南传开的。南北朝时饮茶风气渐盛。唐宋以后，茶更成为一般文人的饮料了。
古代汉族不吃乳类的饮料和食品。《史记·匈奴列传》：“得汉食物皆去之，以示不如湩（dòng）酪之便美也。”湩是牛马乳，酪有干湿两种，干酪就是今天所谓干酪，湿酪大概就是酸奶。依《史记》看来，饮食乳酪都不是汉族的习惯。酥油古称酥。本来也是胡人的食品，所以唐玄宗嘲安禄山说：“堪笑胡儿但识酥。”醍醐是上等的乳酪，依《涅盘经》说，牛乳成酪，酪成生酥，生酥成熟酥，熟酥成醍醐，醍醐是最上品。凡此都可证明，饮食乳类的习惯是从外族传来的。韩愈《初春小雨》诗：“天街小雨润如酥”，可见唐时汉人已逐渐习惯于酥酪了。
中国的饮食
在世界上是享有盛誉的，华侨和华裔外籍人在海外谋取生，经营最为普遍的产业就是餐饮业．有华人处应有中国餐馆，中国的饮食可以说是“食”被天下．这一现象早在本世纪初时，就被革命的先行者孙中山先生敏锐地观察到了。孙中山先生在其《建国方略》一书中说：“我中国近代文明进化，事事皆落人之后，惟饮食一道之进步，至今尚为各国所不及。”孙中山先生的这一论述十分正确，而事实上确如孙中山先生所言，中华文明到了近代，被西方文明冲击得七零八落，有识之士莫不诊脉问疾。然而中国餐馆则大异其趣，居然能够登陆欧美，遍布全球，所向披靡，至今世界上几乎每一个角落都有中餐馆。这种强烈的反差引起了学术界的关注，但是并没有一个较有说服力的解释。我们认为，中国餐馆能够遍布世界各地不是一个孤立和偶然的现象，其中的原因与中国饮食文化有着千丝万缕的关联。因而探讨一下中国饮食文化的某些特征，将有利于我们对于这一现象的解释。
一谈到中国饮食文化，许多人会对中国食谱以及中国菜的色、香、味、形赞不绝口。但是如果要从比较的角度来探讨饮食文化，可以操作的办法是把握住中国饮食文化的精髓。没有比较就没有鉴别。笔者在这里认为，比较可行的办法是在讨论中国饮食文化时，从饮食生活方式的角度来着手。而实际上，中国饮食文化，实际上也是指中国人的饮食生活方式。而要谈中国饮食文化就必须涉及到中国文化，两者的关联是极其密切的。因而我们有必要先对中国文化的某些特征作一阐述。
中国文化是一个什么样的文化呢？这必须了解一下早期中国文化的地理环境，因为越是在早期，文化受环境的制约越大。中国位于亚洲大陆的东南部，西北面是茫茫的沙漠、草原和戈壁，东南则是茫茫的大海。中国文化的主要温床黄河流域的土地十分虽然较肥沃，但是其它环境较恶劣，多风少雨，生存的条件亲不好。文明产生以后，当时的文化就以比较强烈的现实主义的思潮表现出来，伦理道德的色彩十分浓厚。因为这个社会需要谦让需要少欲，而一个社会需要什么的时候，往往是她缺少什么的时候。中国文化从一开始就表现出早熟的特征。马克思就曾经认为，中国文明是一个早熟的婴儿，她的发育过程中具有明显的超前特征。反观西方文明，则大相径庭。西方文化的童年时代的希腊文明，以其独有的浪温气息写入文明史，马克思曾经认为希腊文明是一个发育正常的婴儿。中国文化的生存土壤，在其发展过程中逐渐干旱，逐渐变得不得于农业的生产，由于土壤及其它因素等十分不利于农业生产，现实的苦难产生不了文化的浪漫，因而中国文明以其强烈的道德和禁欲特征贯穿始终。先秦时期诸子百家相互诘难，殚精竭力却殊途同归，目的是建立一个没有争斗的理想世界。但这只是理想而已。战国之际，列国纷争，以实力相较，最终秦国因鼓励军功，奖励耕战而一统天下，这是人心所向。天下纷争，百姓如何生活，这也是历史的选择。只有一统，才不至于“天下几人称王，几人称帝。”？（曹操语）
先秦时期，中国南方楚国也是曾流露出浪漫主义的思潮，但是很快被北方现实主义的思潮所笼罩和淹没，秦始皇统一中国以后，书同文，以后的历史就是天子一统的历史。中国的封建社会为了维护这一统的局面，允许君王具有至高无上的权威，但同时赋予他许多封建礼仪进行约束；中国有世界上最早的公平取官的文官制度——科举制；中国历史上呼唤清官，一旦出现便歌之颂之，并为之产生崇拜。所以中国尽管没有严格意义上的宗教，但是其某些特征与宗教的特征有相似性，也有它自己的神；如果把这一现象也视为宗教的话，那么中国式的宗教则是在现实意义上的极端的理想主义。中国历史上的极度理想主义也因之产生，它也有神，只不过其所造之神是以现实中的人为化身的，而现实中的人是不可能充当理想中的神的，所以中国历史上造神运动层出不穷，直至今天。或者说中国人的宗教是一种多神崇拜，而不是一神崇拜，什么财神、药神、灶神、妈祖等，都被视为神而被崇拜。中国文化还具有另外的两大特征：其一是绝对地追求适用，而杜绝一切的不实用的东西。从中国的科技史的历程中可以看到，历史上，所有的实用的技术十分发达，如农业科技和医学十分发达，而有关的非实用的一些东西则无法发展。先秦时期墨家的有关光学和几何学的知识，在汉代独尊儒术以后，没有能够继续发展下去。中国没有产生物理学、化学、生物学等基础学科。当然炼丹术在皇帝追求长生不老的过程中也很发达，其中确实包含有化学方面的知识。中国的手工业十分发达，而近代机器大工业生产，如蒸汽机没有在中国被发明。十五世纪以前，世界上绝大部分发明是在中国人手中产生的，但是近代以后需要通过一系列实验手段才能产生的近代科学未能在中国产生：中国文化表现出特有的仁爱特征。孔子的思想的核心是“仁者爱人”，因为仁慈，中国人实施多子继承制度，这样财产一方面得以析散，另一方面限制了远距离的迁徙，中国人安土重迁与之关系重大。这一继承制度限制了商业的发展，从而便多子多福的思想得以产生，多子多福的思想使社会的人口增加，派生出更多的多子多福，社会人口压力始终存在，只要社会的生产力能够养活多少人口，就会有多少人口出现。
中国饮食文化的诸多特征，体现在饮食文化之上，直接影响着中国饮食文化的发展。首先因为人口压力以及其它多种原因的存在，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，即助饭下咽。为什么要助饭下咽呢？那是因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。这样促使中国的烹饪的首要目的是装点饮食，使不可口的食物变得精妙绝伦；其次，由于中国文化追求衫，中国手工业的发达，所以烹饪中的饮食加工技术在世界上是首屈一指，体现了中国文化的衫特征。所有这些，使中国饮食文化有如下特征。其一，中国烹饪技术发达，许多西方人看来不可食的物品，经过中国厨师的劳作，变得使人一见而食欲顿开；其二，中国人的食谱广泛，举凡能够食者皆食，毫无禁忌；其三，中国救荒的著述特别多，以备饥荒之年以野菜充饥之用；其四，中国人将食的追求作为人生至乐来追求，吃饭成为第一要求。由于中国人在吃的方面不能够随心所欲，有诗为证：
红日巡天过午迟，腹中虚实自家知。
人生一饱非难事，仅在风调雨顺时。
因此长期以来吃穿不愁难以办到，所以吃在中国人的生活中占有特殊的位置，证据不胜枚举。
此外，我们可以对西方饮食文化的某些特征加以分析，也许能够加深对中国饮食文化的理解。西方的饮食，由于最初是主要以畜牧为主，肉食在饮食听比例一直很高，到了近代，种植业比重增加，但是肉食在饮食中的比例仍然要比中国人的高。由于肉食的天然可口，所以西方人没有必要对饮食进行装点，内食的天然可口限制了烹饪的发展，欧洲人在显示富裕的时候，多是饮食的工具来表现，如各种的器皿的多少和豪华成为讲究的内容。另外也不把吃这种人生易于满足的事情作为人生的至乐来追求。西方人的人生追求，正好同一句中国的俗语语可以高度概括，即“饱暧思淫欲”。他们更多地追求情爱，西方文化体现出一种“情爱文化”，而中国文化则体现出一种“吃的文化”。
但是我们还要指出的是，中国饮食的诸多特征，是在老百姓日常生活中看不到的。宫廷饮食，市肆饮食则能够更好、更全面地表现出这些特征。平民的节日饮食，如春节，也许能够部分地表现出这些特征来，但是春节对于一年的365天来说毕竟是短暂的一瞬间，如昙花一现。
文化无优劣，饮食文化也无优劣，其区别只不过是不同的环境条件下的生活方式或者饮食方式的不同罢了。但是如何理解和分析这一区别则是非常重要的。本书的目的基于这一点而作一点尝试，是否能够得到大多数读者的认可不得而知。在大多数情况下下本人属于那种“远庖厨”者，并不懂得烹饪，也不是美食家，但是本人深知“一饭一粥当思来之不易”，在此意义上，把我对于中国饮食文化的某些看法，行之于笔端，希望得到方家的指教
北京的饮食
——京城八大碗
金泽
民以食为天，吃是人生第一需要。中国人也好，外国人也罢，谁也离不开吃。吃什么，怎么吃，每个国家、每个民族、每个家庭、每个人都有自己的吃法。
饮食是一种文化，而中华美食则誉满天下。中国饭好吃，外国人爱吃也是不争的事实。中国的饮食文化源远流长。几千年来，人们经过不断的总结已形成了中华美食的八大菜系，即鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、皖流派。
北京是世界著名的古都和历史文化名城，已有三千多年的历史。历代帝王建都北京，都为北京的文化积淀了深厚的内容。饮食文化，是各种文化内容之一，博大精深。作为中国八大菜系的形成、演变，同样经历了漫长的历史过程。北京菜虽不在八大菜系之内，但北京菜是中国的主要地方菜之一。
历史上北京的特殊政治地位，使聚居在北京的人复杂多样，反映在饮食方面，同样纷杂多样。各方人士的口味不同，形成各类饮食五花八门。有正宗的八大菜系，有地方风味小吃，也有满、蒙、回、朝鲜等民族的烧、烤、涮，还有外域传进来的洋快餐等等。目前的餐饮市场空前繁荣。解馋的，解饿的应有尽有。
该吃的都吃遍了，还有什么好吃的呢？人们在想老北京的人们都吃什么？可以说，解放前的老北京真正有钱的人并不多，皇亲国戚、达官贵人吃的是山珍海味，而普通百姓家能填饱肚子就不错了，遇有红白喜事能吃上“八大碗”就很好了。
老北京的“八大碗”是什么？六十岁以下的人都未曾见过，有的都没听说过，也就更没吃过。现代不少人在吃遍北京所有“好馆子”之后，又再怀旧，怀念老北京的吃食了。
老北京“八大碗”实际上是一种既普通又实惠的菜肴，就是把鸡鸭鱼肉通过八种精心烹制做成的色香味俱佳的，用传统瓷碗盛放摆上餐桌的美食。“八大碗”，说白了，就是大碗三黄鸡、大碗黄鱼、大碗肘子、大碗丸子、大碗米粉肉、大碗扣肉、大碗松肉，还有大碗排骨。
老北京“八大碗”在老北京百姓生活中，是少不了的美食。生诞寿辰、婚丧嫁娶、孩子满月等日子都少不了它。因解放前不像现在有这么多饭店、饭馆，平民百姓又大多都比较穷，遇到红白喜事都是在家里、村里支起大棚来招待亲朋好友。所以那个年代，把做这种饮食行当的厨师叫“跑大棚的”。
通常筵席桌上有“四干”、“四冷”、“四热”、“八碟”、“八碗”等。以后，饭馆的菜品逐渐演变成“四冷”或“六冷”，八道热菜、十道热菜、十二道热菜。为了美观，把碗盛改成了碟盛。
老北京“八大碗”虽流行在民间，但也曾是皇宫里的美味佳肴。据传说慈禧太后逃难时路上遇到百姓家办喜事，尝到了民间的“八大碗”。回京后，就叫御膳房照民间的做法烹制，宴请文武。
老北京“八大碗”也曾经一度失传，一直到现在也很少有人会做，所以人们也很难吃到。不过听说最近坐落在卢沟桥宛平戏楼的“老北京印象”，为弘扬民俗饮食文化，多方寻求“八大碗”制作的秘方，最终在民间寻找到了会制作老北京“八大碗”的高龄厨师。老人把制作“八大碗”的配方倾囊相授。也就是根据这口传的配方，通过反复试制，终于获得成功。老北京“八大碗”在“老北京印象”推出后，据说也是赞不绝口，原汁原味地道的老北京风味菜，也最终重见天日。目前，“老北京印象”中的老北京“八大碗”，在传统制作的基础上，又开发创新出了不少新品种，还根据现代人的口味，陆续推出“八大碗”系列，包括海鲜“八大碗”、牛羊肉“八大碗”、鹿肉“八大碗”、禽类“八大碗”、下货“八大碗”和全素“八大碗”。消费者来到“老北京印象”，既能吃到经济实惠的“八大碗”，又能观看到“老天桥绝技艺术团”精彩的绝技表演，真是乐在其中，使人流连忘返。
清真饮食
张宝申
北京是中华各民族聚居的城市，其中，信仰伊斯兰教的各民族穆斯林有20多万人。北京悠久的历史文化和现代化大都市的魅力，吸引着越来越多的伊斯兰国家的各界人士来参观、访问、旅游，国际交流日益频繁。特别是2008年在北京举办奥运会，届时将有40多个来自伊斯兰国家的运动员参加，100多个国家和地区的穆斯林也将来北京观光、旅游。这无疑给北京的清真饮食业提供了前所未有的发展机遇和更高的要求。
北京的清真饮食历史悠久、风味独特，是北京饮食文化的重要组成部分。北京清真饮食的起源，是与伊斯兰教传入北京而同步的，已有上千年的历史。在元朝的宫廷食谱《饮膳正要》里，已有清真饮食的记载。元代广为流传的一本生活百科全书《居家必用事类全集》中，专门列有“回回食品”一章，收录了诸多回族饮食品种。在元杂剧《豹子和尚自还俗》中，也有这样的唱词:“小刘屠卖的肥羊肉，一贯钞一副整头蹄……马回回烧饼十分大，黄蛮子菜烂味精奇……”说明，元大都时期的北京，清真饮食已相当普遍。
明朝永乐年间，“燕王扫北”，定都北京，大批回族从南方迁徙北上，落户于北京，使南方的清真饮食制作技艺传入北京，促进了北京清真饮食的发展。从元、明两朝到清，经过几百年的发展，北京的清真饮食品种已十分丰富，各种风味独特、色香味美的菜肴和小吃，传入皇宫，成为了御膳。后来，有些又传出宫外，流行于市，成为清真名吃。现在仍为北京各清真饭店特色菜的“它似蜜”、“桂花羊肉”、“芝麻里脊”、“盐爆散丹”等，就是曾经的清宫御膳菜品。
在清宫御膳中，清真全羊宴席是继满汉全席之后的宫廷大宴席之一。乾隆年间的诗人袁枚在《随园食单》中写道:“全羊法有七十二种，每次可吃者不过十八九种而已。此乃屠龙之技，家厨难学，一盘一碗，虽全是羊肉，而味各不同才好。”全羊宴是用整个羊的各个不同部位，或烤或涮，或煮或炸，烹制出各种不同口味、不同品名的菜肴。所有菜名都不露一个“羊”字，而以生动、形象的别名代之，堪称一绝。1968年，周恩来总理设宴招待来访的巴基斯坦贵宾，曾请“又一顺”著名的清真烹饪大师杨永和，制作了全羊宴及多种清真菜肴，受到了贵宾们的一致好评。如今，“鸿宾楼”等清真饭店的全羊宴，仍是品牌菜。
民国时期，随着民族工商业的发展，北京的清真饮食业形成了成熟的市场。在前门一带开业的清真餐馆就有:元兴堂、两益轩、同和轩、同益轩、西域馆、西圣馆、庆宴楼、萃芳园、畅悦楼、同居馆(馅饼周)、恩元居(炒疙瘩)等数十家。另外还有中山公园的瑞珍厚、东安市场的东来顺和西单的又一顺等。1930年，在繁华的西单路口，清真饭庄“西来顺”的开张营业，立即轰动了京城。其中原因是出任西来顺饭庄经理的是名冠京城的清真厨师诸祥。诸祥原名诸连祥，是著名的清真菜肴革新家。他因烹饪技艺高超，清末曾到皇宫御膳房任职。民国初年，又到“两益轩”等饭庄指导烹调技艺，带出了许多高徒。诸祥见多识广，思想开明，在清真菜的革新上，大胆吸收了西餐和中国南北菜肴的一些技艺，创制出“炸羊尾”、“生扒羊肉”、“炒甘肃鸡”、“油爆肚仁”等新的清真菜肴百多种，并首创清真海味菜肴，在同行和食客中享有盛名。京剧大师马连良是回族，经常到西来顺宴客和用餐，并与诸祥结下深厚友谊。由此带动了许多文化、戏剧界的名流，竞相光顾西来顺。北京和平解放以后，全国政治协商会议、新疆和平解放会议等许多重要会议，都曾在这里举行招待宴会。在诸祥等许多清真烹饪大师们的革新努力下，北京的清真饮食在京味饮食文化中已独具特色，名闻遐迩。
据现已出版的各种北京《清真菜谱》所载，北京的清真菜肴已达500多个品种。许多老字号，如月盛斋的酱牛羊肉、大顺斋的糖火烧、馅饼周的馅饼、豆汁张的豆汁、羊头马的白水羊头、爆肚冯的爆肚、年糕王的切糕等，都是历经数百年的名吃，享誉海内外。
最近，北京市举办了“第二届清真烹饪服务技能大赛”，50多家清真饮食企业的近300名选手参赛，为奥运会的清真烹饪做准备。借2008年奥运会的东风，北京的清真饮食业必将有一个较快的发展。
一些饮食常识
饮食流派
饮食三大流派：京式、苏式、广式、川式
小吃流派
小吃四大流派：京式、苏式、广式、闽式
另外随着四川饮食在饮食文化中的地位迅速上升，川式也可以算作五大流派之一。
饮食城
北方饮食中心：北京
西部饮食中心：有“食在中国，味在成都”称号的成都
东部饮食中心：有“天下第一食府”称号的苏州
南部饮食中心：有“食在广州”称号的广州
小吃城
四大小吃
南京、苏州、上海、长沙
八大小吃
南京、苏州、上海、长沙、北京、成都、开封、台北
中国八大菜系
鲁菜、川菜、苏菜、浙菜、徽菜、粤菜、闽菜、湘菜
四季饮食注意事项
春清： 春季大地生计勃勃，人体气血流畅，全身脏器组织功能易于恢复，宜用扶助人体正气，清除人体一冬所纳入的多余物质。春季易受风邪，五行属木，迎风流泪，伤目，口味发酸，易怒，伤肝胆，因此在春季宜用清理肝胆火旺之保健品。春季阳气升发，高血压病人容易发病，此时不宜过食辛热动火的食物，以防血压升高，大便燥结，可以泽用绿色清淡的蔬菜以及荸荠，鸭梨之类的水果。
夏调： 夏季温热易受暑邪，五行属火，耗伤津液，常发汗影响小肠吸收，易使人心火上炎，面红耳赤，口舌生疮，因此易降心火，调理心志，夏种时节气热炎热，人体出汗较多，食欲不佳，易伤心脾，一般不易大补，而易调节元七气，调理脾胃，气血运行通畅，脾胃元气充足，因此身清气爽。
秋补: 秋季气候渐趋凉爽,,人多口干舌燥,咳嗽少痰,易伤肺津宜滋阴润肺,如果经春清夏调之后,身体运行正常,这时需要补充适当的营养,使气血充盈,阳生阴长,形体壮实,而许多的补养食物中有过多的糖,脂类,蛋白和激素等,因此选择上要有尺度,在合理饮食后加服保健食品.
冬防: 冬季气候寒冷,体虚不御寒而伤肾,活动量少,食入量增多,体内容易积存过多脂类物质,而气血运行缓慢,心脑血管疾病易发生.当宜择用补盖的食品,或者制成药膳,如八珍鸡汤,枸杞糯米饭,虫草红枣炖团鱼,狗肉粥等. 总之,清,调,补,防.的四季食物疗法原则,便是一个健康体魄的养生之道,清除体内的多余物资,调节机体心态的平衡,补充适宜的营养,从而达到预防保健,强身键体,延年益寿的目的.
现代人饮食的六大陋习
吃是一种享受，但是您可曾想过不正确的饮食方式会导致诸多慢性病如糖尿病、高血压、心血管性疾病甚至癌症的发生。饮食习惯最重要的是不可偏离大自然的原则。
现代人饮食第一个主要问题是热量的过剩及不均衡。
各位可曾看过在非洲大草原上有过度肥胖而无法跑步的狮子？除了人类以外，所有动物都是肚子饥饿的时候才出去觅食。过量摄取食物，尤其是肉类的过量，已经是人类成人病及癌症增加的主要原因。那么该如何吃才是适量呢？
首先，请先照照镜子看看自己的牙齿，人类选择食物的内容应该与牙齿的结构相符合。健康的人类有32颗牙齿，上下左右相对称。如果只有看上排的牙齿，左右各有两颗门牙、一颗犬齿、五颗臼齿。各位都知道，门牙主要是用来啃食蔬菜及水果，犬齿是用来撕碎肉类，而臼齿是用来咀嚼谷类及豆类等食物。由此可知，人类饮食的内容应以谷类及豆类为主食，蔬菜及水果为副食，而肉类则为次副食其比例应为5比2比1最为合适。那么究竟是吃多少量才好呢？其实应该是根据每个人的胃部感觉为主要判断。中国人讲：吃饭八分饱，也就是说只要根据上述饮食的比例，吃到肚子里觉得已有八分饱时，就应适可而止。如此就不会有营养过剩或营养不均衡的问题。或许有些人会怀疑上述的饮食比例会不会导致蛋白质的缺乏。事实上，谷类及豆类除了含有丰富的淀粉外，也含有易被消化吸收的蛋白质。虽然它们个别都是不完全蛋白质（各缺乏某些必须胺基酸），但若一起食用则可达互补作用，而成为完全蛋白质，其营养价值绝不输给肉类的蛋白质。
现代人的第二个违反大自然法则的饮食方式是烹调方式的错误。
最近快餐店蓬勃发展，如麦当劳、肯德基等店面的广设，使炸鸡、炸薯条成为小朋友们的最爱。很多人以为油炸食品用的是植物油而非猪油或牛油应该不会有问题。事实上，植物油多为不饱和脂肪酸很容易在高热下被氧化产生脂质自由基及过氧化脂质等有害物质。这些氧化物质不仅会促进动脉硬化、黑斑、皱纹等老化现象的进行，也容易诱导癌症（尤其是肺癌）的发生。因此，调理的方式最好以炖、卤、水炒的方式，而少用油炸或油煎的方式。
现代人第三个违反大自然法则的饮食方式是食用过度精制及缺乏纤维的食物。
如糙米的胚芽中原就含有很丰富的维他命及一些抗氧化成份，但人类却在加工过程中将胚芽舍弃，而只吃只含淀粉及少量蛋白质的白米部份。大豆原就含有丰富的蛋白质及一些具抗氧化活性的类黄酮类物质。但我们在加工制造豆浆的过程中，却将豆渣去掉，也就把大部份蛋白质及结合在蛋白质上的类黄酮类抛弃掉了，真是暴殄天物。谷类及豆类中也含有丰富的纤维素，纤维素不但可以促进大肠的蠕动，帮助人体排出胆固醇及致癌毒素，而且可以促进肠内有益菌（如乳酸菌）的成长。但在加工过程中，谷类及豆类的纤维素也同时会被抛弃掉了。
现代人饮食第四个问题是食物污染的问题。
为了让蔬菜、水果不被虫害，农夫大量喷农药。为了让牲畜不被细菌感染，养猪或养鸡户给猪只或鸡只大量注射抗生素。再加上环境的污染，干净的食物已非常难得，食物污染的问题已严重威胁到人类的健康。我们很高兴看到生机饮食的理念逐渐盛行，强调食用不被污染、不用化学肥料的天然食品之观念逐渐被民众所接受。很多的农场也开始大量栽培有机天然蔬果。黄绿色蔬菜水果含有丰富的维他命、微量元素及纤维素。多吃黄、绿色蔬菜及水果已被发现可以预防成人病的进行也可以减少癌症的发生。但是唯有采用清洁、安全可靠的食物来源及正确的烹调方式才能将这些老天爷赐给我们的礼物完全保留。
现代人饮食第五个问题是没有用心的去吃东西。
我们常常很紧张的吃东西或在诸多挂虑下吃东西。在这种状况下消化道的唾液及胃液并未充分的分泌，也就不能好好地消化食物。吃东西是一种享受，古代人讲："吃饭皇帝大"。当我们吃东西时就要有像当皇帝一样的感觉，天大地大的事都不要去想它。各位可以想象在大草原上吃草的马儿是多么的悠闲自在。我们要用敏感的嗅觉去闻闻食物的香味，用色咪咪的眼光去欣赏食物的美色，用敏锐的舌头去品尝食物的天然美味，用轻松愉快的心情慢慢咀嚼食物，等待口中满是口水时再吞进食物。我们要以一颗感恩的心来吃每样上天赐给我们的美好食物，因为它们得之不易。您可以想象婴儿在母亲怀中吮吸母乳时那种安祥和满足的模样，唯有在心中充满爱的情绪下，吾人的消化系统才能发挥最佳的功能。
现代人饮食习惯第六个问题是缺乏运动。
有人会问，怎么运动会和饮食有关？事实上运动会促进胃肠的蠕动，有助身体将脂肪或有害毒素排掉。很多人常抱怨经常便秘和腹胀，吃进去的东西好象不见了一样，此大多数是由于缺乏运动所造成。运动同时可以增加人体细胞的耗氧量，靠着氧气将葡萄糖或脂肪酸转变成ATP储存。当人体需要能量时，ATP很快可以转变为能量，此化学反应就好象蓄电池储存能量一样。若是运动不足则人体的葡萄糖或脂肪酸不能变化为ATP，反而转变为脂肪组织堆积在人体内。因此我们可以说：运动不足和过食一样，是造成肥胖的最主要原因。什么运动最合适呢？事实上以适合于自己体能状况之柔软性运动最理想，如慢跑、快走、骑脚踏车、跳韵律舞、游泳等。但必须运动至身体发汗、心跳加速达每分钟100次以上，并且持续10至20分钟以上的运动，才能发挥效果。运动应该和"吃"一样，被养成一个习惯而且持之有恒。
唯有在愉快的心情下，适量而均衡地摄取正确调理的天然食物，并且配合充份的运动，才能吃出健康，吃出青春和美丽！
广东饮食
粤菜的起源．可远溯至距今二千多年的汉初。古代，中原的移民到来之前，岭南越族先民就已有独特的饮食风格，如嗜好白蛇鱼蛤与生食。西汉时刘安曾有“越人得蟒蛇以为上肴”的记述。宋代周去非的《岭外代答》也记载广州人“不问鸟兽虫蛇无不食之”。这与广州所处的地理环境分不开。广州属于亚热带水网地带，虫蛇鱼蛤特别丰富，唾手可得，烹而食之，由此养成的喜好鲜活、生猛的饮食习惯。
饮食中意识心境的重要性
意识治疗一切。
——费兹士·波尔士
上个世纪最不寻常的一项科学发现就是，对宇宙中任何现象的观察——观察鸟如何飞行，或地球如何转动——都会对该现象产生直接影响。所以，如果我们能够靠意识扭转天体的运行轨道，那么说维他命A——即意识——能够对人类的身体产生深远的影响就不是什么令人吃惊的事了。
就像你在照镜子时所看到的，表情突然兴奋起来，体内的能量也随之振奋起来，这就是意识在刺激新陈代谢的化学物质；你是否有过这样的经历，当你身处大自然当中，被美丽的风景环绕，顿时觉得神清气爽，精神放松？这同样是意识作用于身体生理系统的结果；或者你是否已经注意到，人在受到关注时行为和表达都会更具有活力，这是因为有其他意识作用于你的生物化学成分。
意识是存在的。我们能够感觉到它。我们身体同样有能力感觉到此时此刻生命在做些什么，并且当我们把意识带进饮食过程中时，它将会是一种非常不错的新陈代谢动力。
消化从思想开始
意识对营养的吸收和消化及对热量的燃烧所起到的推动力，这正好验证了科学家们所说的“头期消化反应”（CPDR）。头期消化反应纯粹是对一顿饭的色香味及满意程度的一个特别定义。有趣的是，研究人员发现，我们的消化工作的30%—40%应归功于头期消化反应——即我们对所吃食物投入的全部意识。
你能回想起这样的情景吗，你看到自己最喜欢的食品时开始流口水或者肚子咕咕叫？这就是头期消化反应。当我们的口腔和鼻腔闻到、品尝、咀嚼和注意到食物时，大脑就已经开始消化了。大脑对食物的反应刺激了口水、胃酸、酶和肠神经肽的产生，同时产生各种胰腺酶：胰岛素、胰凝乳蛋白酶、胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶等。不仅如此，血液也开始流入消化器官内，胃和肠有节奏地联合起来，电解酶通过消化道聚集，为消化即将到来的食物做好准备。
如果我们在吃饭时没有投入足够的注意力，流入消化系统的血液就会减少，也就意味着氧化作用所需的氧气和新陈代谢动力不足。这样，肠内酶的分泌量减少，导致消化系统紊乱，肠胃失调，免疫力下降，并且易疲劳。
教你走出家庭日常饮食误区
最近专家研究表明，对于很多家庭而言，饮食方面存在着许多误区。他说，对于喜欢吃炒菜的市民，应该注意对菜的烹调方法；对于喜欢煲汤的人，煲汤时间也很有讲究。
有关专家说，有些人为了减肥不食脂肪，而偏爱吃对于本身含脂肪及热量相当低的蔬菜，这其实是一个误区。研究表明：本身含脂肪及热量相当低的蔬菜，在经过炒、煎等烹调后，吸入的油脂量远远高于原来本身已有较多脂肪的肉类。这主要是由于蔬菜的细胞与细胞间的空隙充满了空气，而鱼和肉细胞与细胞的空隙充满了液体，所以前者较易吸入油脂，一碗炒菜所吸入的油脂比一碗炸鱼或炸排骨所含的油脂更多，所以对于减肥者来说，多吃炒菜不但收不到减肥的效果，反而会增加体重。再有，调味作料多味道好，但胡椒、桂皮、丁香、小茴香等天然调味品具有一定的诱癌性和毒性，在饮食中过多使用，轻者有口干、咽喉痛、精神不振、失眠等感觉，重者会诱发高血压、胃肠炎等多种疾病，甚至有损伤细胞形成癌症的可能。因此，日常饮食中要尽量少用上述调味料为宜。
“汤是每天必备的，对于许多市民来说，认为煲汤时间越长营养越多，这也是一个误区。”。“以炖骨头汤为例，很多人认为熬得时间越长，骨头里的钙质才能全跑出来，烧煮时间少则一二个小时，多则三五个小时，有的甚至烧一天，殊不知，这种无谓的烧煮是毫无科学道理的。”
专家还指出，食物过多地在高温下烧煮，时间越长，损失的营养越多。人们平常爱喝的骨头汤，无论多高温度，花多长时间，都不能将骨内的钙质完全溶出，这是因为动物骨骼中所含的钙质不易被分解，久煮反而会破坏骨头中的蛋白质。正确的方法是将骨头砸开，然后放入一定冷水，在炉火中慢慢加温，烧开后加一点醋，使骨头中的磷、钙溶解到汤内，整个加热过程以一小时左右为宜，这样煲出来的汤既有营养又鲜美可口。
为了方便大家的记忆，专家总结如下，希望您能尽快走出家庭日常饮食误区“
误区一：吃素不吃荤
现在吃素食的人越来越多，有一部分人是因为害怕荤食会引起肥胖、冠心病等。但如果绝对食素，并非有利于健康。食素者蛋白质往往摄入不足，会发生抵抗力下降、浑身无力、水肿等情况。另外由于食素者食物单调，机体中掌管食物消化的酶系统功能逐渐遭到破坏，最后会导致物质交换失调。植物性食品中含有丰富的维生素、无机盐和有机酸，而缺少造血的微量元素钴、锰、铁和铜等。此外，植物性食品脂肪含量少，但人体每天需要50克左右的脂肪，要想满足这种需要，就要大约吃5千克的植物性食品，而且，植物蛋白很难代替动物蛋白。故从抗衰益寿的角度看，绝对素食不可取，只有荤素搭配、营养全面、平衡膳食，才是通往健康长寿之路。
误区二：煲汤时间越长营养越多
人们认为煲汤时间越长，汤里的营养越多。以炖骨头汤为例，很多人认为熬得时间越长，骨头里的钙质才能全跑出来，烧煮时间少则一二个小时，多则三五个小时，有的甚至烧一天。殊不知，这种无谓的烧煮是毫无科学道理的。营养学家指出，食物过多地在高温下烧煮，时间越长，损失的营养越多。人们平常爱喝的骨头汤，无论多高温度，花多长时间，都不能将骨内的钙质完全溶出，这是因为动物骨骼中所含的钙质不易被分解，久煮反而会破坏骨头中的蛋白质。正确的方法是将骨头砸开，然后放入一定冷水，在炉火中慢慢加温，烧开后加一点醋，使骨头中的磷、钙溶解到汤内，整个加热过程以一小时左右为宜。这样煲出来的汤既有营养又鲜美可口。
误区三：久存蔬菜
许多人为了节约时间，一次从菜市场买回许多蔬菜后，放在冰箱中慢慢食用，这样做是很不好的。因为蔬菜，尤其是叶菜中含有硝酸盐，在储藏一段时间后，由于酶和细菌的作用，硝酸盐被还原成亚硝酸盐，而亚硝酸盐在人体内与蛋白质类物质结合，可生成致癌性的亚硝酸胺类物质。长期储存蔬菜不仅产生有害物质，而且造成营养素的损失。实验证明，在30 ℃的屋子里储藏24小时，绿叶蔬菜中的维生素C几乎全部损失。
误区四：偏爱吃炒菜
有些人为了减肥不食脂肪，而偏爱吃炒菜。但最近国外专家研究显示：本身含脂肪及热量相当低的蔬菜，在经过炒、煎等烹调后，吸入的油脂量远远高于原来本身已有较多脂肪的肉类。专家研究发现，含水量丰富的食物(如各类蔬菜)，经过烹制之后，吸入的脂肪量最多。这主要是由于蔬菜的细胞与细胞间的空隙充满了空气，而鱼和肉细胞与细胞的空隙充满了液体，所以前者较易吸入油脂，一碗炒菜所吸入的油脂比一碗炸鱼或炸排骨所含的油脂更多，所以对于减肥者来说，多吃炒菜不但收不到减肥的效果，反而会增加体重。
误区五：调味作料多味道好
医学研究表明，胡椒、桂皮、丁香、小茴香等天然调味品具有一定的诱癌性和毒性，在饮食中过多使用，轻者有口干、咽喉痛、精神不振、失眠等感觉，重者会诱发高血压、胃肠炎等多种疾病，甚至有损伤细胞形成癌症的可能。因此，日常饮食中要尽量少用上述调味料为宜。
The concept of food
Original meaning: to drink. Oracle shape. The right is the human form, who left on top is stretched out his tongue, the left below is a wine forum (west). Elephant Man sticking out his tongue to drink the altar wine. Xiaozhuan as "a drink", official script for "drink."
The ancients have long known that wine. Wine is well-known people of Yin, Gu Jue and other drinking vessels unearthed much that can explain the Sheng was drinking. However, generally the so-called wine are all ancient millet as Mi (boiled of millet), with music tillering (niè) (yeast) led to, not shochu. Shochu is a-coming.
Tea is one of our main specialties. "Ya interpretation tree": "jia, tea." Tea Tu This is the same word. But no ancient records of tea drinking. Wang Bao "children about" Li said, "Peng Cha," "to buy tea," tea in the Han Dynasty can be seen in some areas is not only a beverage but also a commodity. "Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu-Chuan Wei Yao," contains, Sun Hao Wei Yao Cha Chi Chuan close to when the wine, "added Natural History" Southern Man said good tea, tea drinking culture is probably spread from the south. Northern and Southern Dynasties burgeoning culture of tea drinking. After the Tang and Song dynasties, tea became the drink of the general scholar.
Chinese food
Is renowned in the world, overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese people overseas to seek foreign students, the most common operation is the restaurant industry. Department should have Chinese restaurants are Chinese, Chinese food can be said to "eat" is the world. This phenomenon as early as the beginning of this century, they were revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-sen keenly observed. Sun Yat-sen in its "nation-building strategy," a book, said: "I am Chinese modern civilization and, after everything are falling, but eating one of progress, has still less to States." Sun Yat-sen in this paper is right, and indeed, such as Sun Yat-sen said, the Chinese civilization to modern times, the impact of Western civilization to pieces, people of insight in all working diagnose the troubles asked illness. However, the Chinese restaurant is a great difference, actually be able to visit Europe and the United States, all over the world, invincible, so far the world has in almost every corner of the restaurant. This strong contrast between the raised academic concern, but it is not a more convincing explanation. We believe that Chinese restaurants can be all over the world is not an isolated and accidental phenomenon, the reasons and the Chinese food culture are inextricably related. Therefore explore some features of Chinese food culture, will help us to explain this phenomenon.
It comes to Chinese food culture, many Chinese recipes and Chinese cuisine will be the color, smell, taste, shape praise. But if from the comparative perspective to explore the food culture, can operate the way to grasp the essence of Chinese food culture. No more no identification. I here that the more feasible approach is to discuss the Chinese food culture, way of life from the perspective of food in the country. In fact, the Chinese food culture, actually refers to the Chinese eating lifestyle. And to talk about Chinese food culture must be related to Chinese culture, the relationship between the two is extremely close. Therefore we need first some of the characteristics of Chinese culture as a set.
Chinese culture is what kind of culture? This must look at the geography of early Chinese culture, because the more early, the greater the cultural subject to environmental constraints. Mainland China, Southeast Asia, the northwest is a vast desert, grassland and desert, south-east is the vast sea. Chinese culture, the main hotbed of the Yellow River basin although the land is more fertile, but other than the poor environment, windy and drier conditions for the survival of pro-poor. Civilization is produced, then the culture is to compare the strong trend of realism shown, the color is very strong ethics. Because this society needs humility needs Shao Yu, and a community needs something, what is often missing when her. Chinese culture from the beginning to show characteristics of early maturity. Marx once that Chinese civilization is a precocious child, her obvious during the development of advanced features. Other hand, Western civilization, are quite different. Childhood in Western culture, the Greek civilization, with its unique wave temperature and atmosphere to write the history of civilization, Marx used to think that Greek civilization is a normal infant development. Soil survival of Chinese culture, in its development process gradually dry, gradually become not in agricultural production, soil and other factors as Deng is very detrimental to agricultural production, the reality of suffering not produce culture, romance, so the Chinese civilization with its strong Characteristics of the moral and abstinence through to the end. Interrogation each other philosophers before the Qin Dynasty, go all out have a common goal, the purpose is to establish the ideal of a world without strife. But mere ideals. The occasion of the Warring States, the nations dispute, with strength compared with the end result of the state of Qin to encourage military merit, reward farming fight domination, this desire of the people. World conflicts, the people how to live, and this is the choice of history. Only dominate, they are not to "the world king of several people, several people emperor."? (Cao Cao language)
Qin Dynasty, Chu in southern China also has been showing a romantic thought, but soon thought to be the north shrouded realistic and drowned, the emperor unified China, by the writing, the future emperor unified the history of history. China's feudal society, the situation in order to maintain the system, allowing the King has the supreme authority, but to give him much to constrain the feudal etiquette; China has the world's first fair to take officer's civil service system - Examination system; Chinese history calls for clean government , the event will be the song of songs for, and admiration. Therefore, China even though there is no religion in the strict sense, but 其 certain characteristics and the characteristics of religion is similar to Xing, the God has its own; if the phenomenon also Shi Wei Ba Zheyi religion, then the Chinese-style religious 则 is in reality Yi Yi the extreme idealism. The history of China's extreme idealism, and therefore produce, it also God, but God is its made of real human incarnation, the reality of the person can not serve as the ideal of God, so the history of China on God creating movement after another, until today. Or Chinese is a polytheistic religion, not worship one God, what god of wealth, god of medicine, the Kitchen God, Matsu, etc., are considered to be worship of God. Chinese culture also has two additional features: One is the absolute pursuit of application, but does not eliminate all practical things. The history of Chinese science and technology can be seen in the course of history, all the practical technology is developed, such as agriculture and medical technology is developed, while the non-practical things you can not develop. Mohist of the Qin Dynasty knowledge of optics and geometry, Domination of Confucianism in the Han dynasty since not been able to continue to develop. China did not produce physics, chemistry, biology and other basic subjects. Of course, alchemy in pursuit of eternal youth in the process of the emperor was also developed, which does contain chemical knowledge. China's handicraft industry is very developed, but large-scale industrial production of modern machines, such as the steam engine was invented in China is not. 15 centuries ago, the world's most inventions are created in the hands of the Chinese people, but through a series of experiments in modern times can be generated by means of modern science can not produce in China: Chinese culture to show the unique characteristics of love. Confucius's thought is the core of "Benevolence" as kind, multi-child inherits the implementation of the Chinese system, so that analysis of bulk properties on the one hand to the other limits the long-distance migration, the Chinese people hate to move with it significant. The inheritance system limits the commercial development, which would focus more children, more happiness in the thought to be produced more children, more happiness in thinking of society's population, derived more than daughters, the persistence of population pressure of society, as long as the productivity of society to feed its population, the number of people will appear.
Many features of Chinese food culture, reflected in the food culture on a direct impact on the development of the Chinese food culture. First of all, because of population pressure and the presence of many other reasons, so the Chinese food from the Qin Dynasty began, that is, grain-based, less grain and more meat, supplemented by vegetables, this is the structure of a typical meal. Where rice is the staple food, but food is to go with rice, or rice to help swallow. Why do to help swallow food? That is because the staple food is not tasty, there must be a substance to assist that allows people to eat. Of course dish features and functions of a common salt, but not the same as salt. This prompted China's primary objective is to decorate the cooking food, so not funny, I get the food; Second, the pursuit of Chinese culture, shirts, Chinese handicrafts, so, cooking, diet processing technology is second to none in the world, reflects the The shirt features of Chinese culture. All of these, the Chinese food culture has the following characteristics. First, the Chinese cooking technique developed, many Westerners seem inedible items, after the Chinese chef's labor, to become people see the appetite for a Dayton open; Second, Chinese recipe widely covered the food to eat by key There is no taboo; Third, the writings of the Chinese famine particularly large, to prepare for the year of famine in order to fill up the stomach with vegetables; Fourth, the Chinese people's pursuit of food to music to pursue a life, eat a first request. As the Chinese people can not make arbitrary eat there poet wrote:
Red sky surveys over late afternoon, the belly of their own actual situation known.
Life difficult for a non-full, only when favorable weather.
So no worries about food and clothing has long been difficult to do, so eating in the life of the Chinese people hold a special place, evidence is overwhelming.
But we would also like to point out that many features of the Chinese diet, is not visible in the daily life of ordinary people. Food Court, City restaurants with food is better and more comprehensive demonstration of these characteristics. Civilians festival food, such as Chinese New Year, may be able to part of the demonstration of these features, but the Spring Festival for the year of 365 days for a brief moment, after all, such as short-lived.
Culture, neither good nor bad, neither good nor bad food culture, the difference is just a different way of life under environmental conditions or diet of a different. But how to understand and analyze this distinction is very important. The purpose of the book on this point and make a point try, it can be recognized by most readers do not know. In most cases, under which I was one of those "far Cook Up Some" who does not know much about cooking, not gourmet, but I know very well, "a rice porridge when thinking of a hard-won" in this sense, take me to China Some views on food culture, line of the brush, want Fang to teach
Beijing's food
- Beijing eight bowl
Kanazawa
Food is to eat is the first necessary of life. Chinese or foreigners worth mentioning, who also needs to eat. What to eat, how to eat, every country and every nation, every family, every person has their own way of eating.
Food is a culture, and Chinese cuisine is world-famous world. Delicious Chinese food, foreigners love to eat is an indisputable fact. Chinese food culture has a long history. For thousands of years, people have been formed through continuous summary of the eight major cuisines of the Chinese food that Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui and schools.
Beijing is a world-renowned ancient capital and historic and cultural city, has 3000 years of history. Emperors its capital Beijing, as Beijing's cultural accumulation are profound content. Food culture, is one of a variety of cultural content, and profound. As the eight major cuisines of the formation, evolution, also experienced a long historical process. Beijing cuisine does not work in within eight dishes, but the Beijing cuisine is one of the main local dishes.
The history of Beijing's special political status, so that people who live in Beijing complex and diverse, reflected in the diet, the same diverse spectrum. The tastes of different parties to form various types of dietary variety. Eight dishes are authentic, have local flavor, but also Manchu, Mongol, Hui, Korean and other ethnic burning, roasting, rinse, as well as outside the domain transfer incoming foreign fast food and so on. The current unprecedented prosperity catering market. Yangkeng, relieve their hunger for everything.
The food is Chibian, and what taste it? People in old Beijing people like to eat what? It can be said of old Beijing before liberation, not many people really rich, royal, VIPs eat delicacies, while the ordinary people's homes to buy food's pretty good, in case of weddings and funerals can eat on the "eight bowl" is fine.
Old Beijing's "eight bowl" What? People under the age of six have not seen, and some have never heard, it is even more not eaten. Today, many people Chibian Beijing all the "good restaurant", the nostalgia again, miss the old Beijing's eating up.
Old Beijing "eight bowl" is actually a common, and affordable cuisine, is the well-cooked poultry meat made by eight-color, aroma and taste, and put on the table in full bloom with the traditional bowl of food. "Eight bowl," said White, that is, three yellow chicken bowl, bowl, fish, bowl elbow, bowl balls, rice flour meat bowl, bowl with pork, loose bowl of meat, there are bowl ribs.
Old Beijing "eight bowl" in the old people living in Beijing, is the indispensable food. Health Festival birthday, weddings and funerals, children and other full moon days are missed it. Liberation than it is today because there are so many hotels, restaurants, mostly civilians they are relatively poor, weddings and funerals are experiencing at home in the village from the greenhouse to entertain friends and family support. So that's, the catering trade are no chef to do this is called "running shed."
Usually feast on the table "four dry", "four cold", "four hot," "Eight disc", "eight bowl" and so on. After the restaurant's dishes gradually evolved into "four cold" or "six cold", eight hot dishes, 10 hot dishes, 12 hot dishes. For the beauty, the bowl into the dish Sheng Sheng.
Old Beijing "eight bowl," although popular among the people, but also a palace of delicious cuisine. According to legend the Empress Dowager Cixi fled home when he ran into people, a wedding, a taste of Taiwan's "eight bowl." Back in Beijing, called imperial kitchen cooking according to the practice of civil society, civil and military dinner.
Old Beijing "eight bowl" also once lost, until now few people will do, so it is difficult to eat. But I heard recently located in the Marco Polo Bridge Wanping Theater's "Old Beijing Impression", to carry forward the folk culture, and the parties to seek "eight bowl" make the recipe, finally making folk look to be the old Beijing "eight bowl" of the old chef . The old production of "eight bowl" with purse formula grant. That is the basis of these oral formulations, through repeated trial, and finally successful. Old Beijing "eight bowl" in the "old Beijing impression" after the release is also said to praise, genuine, authentic old Beijing flavor dishes, and finally brought to light. At present, the "old Beijing impression" of the old Beijing "eight bowl" on the basis of the traditional production, but also the development of innovative new varieties out of many, also in accordance with modern taste, the launching of "eight bowl" series, including seafood "eight bowl", beef and mutton, "eight bowl," venison "eight bowl" birds "eight bowl", under the goods "eight bowl" and vegan "eight bowl." Consumers to "old Beijing Impression", both to eat affordable "eight bowl", but also watch the "old bridge stunt troupe" exciting stunts, really enjoy it, people linger.
Halal Food
Zhang Baoshen
Beijing is a city inhabited by various ethnic groups of China, where Muslims believe Islam's various ethnic groups more than 20 million people. Beijing history, culture and charm of modern metropolis, attracting a growing number of Islamic countries, all walks of life to visit, visit, tourism, international exchanges are increasing. In particular, the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, there will be more than 40 athletes from Islamic countries, more than 100 countries and regions, Muslims in the future Beijing sightseeing tour. This is undoubtedly a halal restaurant in Beijing offers unprecedented opportunities and higher requirements.
Ming Dynasty Yongle, "Yan Wang swept the North," capital in Beijing, a large number of Muslim migration from the south, north, settled in Beijing, to the south of Muslim food production techniques introduced in Beijing to promote the development of Beijing's Muslim diet. From the Yuan and Ming dynasties to clear, after several hundred years of development, Beijing has rich varieties of halal food, a variety of unique flavor, color, flavor and beautiful dishes and snacks, introduced the Royal Palace, became imperial. Later, some of it was rumored that ectopic, popular in cities, as Muslim Cuisines. Beijing is still halal restaurant dishes of all the "it like honey", "Osmanthus lamb", "sesame loin," "Salt explosion scattered Dan," so that once the Qing imperial dishes.
Republic of China, with the development of national industry and commerce, halal restaurants in Beijing formed a mature market. Muslim in the front door area restaurants have opened: per Xingtang, two beneficial Villa, and Villa with the same interests Villa, Western Museum, West St Hall, banquets floor, extraction Fong Yuen, Cheong Yuet House, cohabitation Museum (pie Week ), En Yuan Ju (fried knots), etc. dozens. Another Zhongshan Park Ruizhen thick, Dong'an Donglaishun and another along such Xidan. In 1930, in the bustling Xidan intersection, Islamic Fanzhuang "West to Shun" open for business, immediately hit the capital. One reason is that as the West to shun Fanzhuang manager is named as the capital of the Muslim cook various crown Cheung. Formerly all Lian Xiang Zhu Xiang, a famous Muslim cuisine innovator. He was a skilled cook, Qing Palace imperial kitchen had to serve. Early Years and went on to the "two benefit Xuan" and Fanzhuang guide cooking skills, bring out a number of outstanding students. Zhu Xiang-informed, open-minded innovation in the halal food, the boldly absorb the Western and Chinese cuisine in a number of north-south skills, create a "deep-fried sheep tail", "Health Grilled lamb," "fried chicken in Gansu," " fried belly Ren "and other dishes more than 100 kinds of new Muslim, and first halal seafood dishes, and diners in the peer reputation. Peking Opera master Ma Lailiang is Muslim, often to the West to shun banquet and dining, and forged deep friendship with Zhu Xiang. Engender a lot of culture, theater celebrities, competing to patronize the West to shun. After the peaceful liberation of Beijing, the National Political Consultative Conference, Conference on the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, and many other important meetings, have dinner reception was held here. Cheung in various cooking and many other Muslim masters of innovation efforts, Beijing's halal food in the capital taste culinary culture has been unique in Hualien.
It has been published in a variety of Beijing "halal menu" contained in the Beijing's Muslim cuisine has reached more than 500 varieties. Many old and famous, Kisaragi vegetarian sauce containing beef and mutton, Dashun fast burning sugar, pie pie week, Bean Zhang Bean, Sheepshead horse White sheep's head, lib lib Feng, cut cake king cake, have is hundreds of years of Cuisines, earnestly.
Recently, Beijing held a "second Islamic Cooking service skills competition," more than 50 Muslim food business, nearly 300 players participating, for the Olympic Games to prepare halal cooking. East by the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing will have a halal restaurant fast development.
Some common sense diet
Diet genre
Three schools catering: Beijing-style, Soviet-style, Cantonese, Sichuan-style
School snacks
Snacks Four Schools: Beijing-style, Soviet-style, Cantonese, Fujianese
With the addition of Sichuan food in the food culture in the rapid rise in status, Sichuan-style can also be counted as one of the five schools.
Food City
Northern Food Center: Beijing
Western diet centers: the "food in China taste in Chengdu" Chengdu title
Eastern Food Center: the "Number One Restaurant" title in Suzhou
Southern Food Centre: There are "eating in Guangzhou," the title of the Guangzhou
Snack City
Four snacks
Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Changsha
Eight snacks
Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Beijing, Chengdu, Kaifeng, Taipei
Eight Chinese cuisine
Shandong cuisine, Sichuan, Jiangsu cuisine, Yangzhou, Anhui cuisine, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan
Four Seasons Food Notes
Spring clean: spring earth living vitality, human blood flow and function of organs and tissues in the body is easy to restore, it is appropriate to support the body upright, remove the body of a winter that included extra material. Spring vulnerable to wind cold, the five elements are wood, Yingfengliulei, head injury, sour taste, irritability, liver and gallbladder injury, it is preferred in the spring clean-up of health care products Hepatobiliary Huo. Spring yang ascending, incidence of hypertension is easy at this time should not be too fresh food Xin hot hot work to prevent high blood pressure, stool dry end, you can Chak green light, and water chestnuts, vegetables, fruits like pear .
Summer notes: warm summer vulnerable to heat evil, five elements are fire, Hao Shang and body fluids, often affect the intestinal absorption of sweat, make people Firelight on inflammation, red in the face, mouth sores, so easy to drop Firelight, conditioning aspirations, summer planting time hot hot solar terms, the body sweats more, poor appetite, easy to hurt the spleen, usually difficult to nourishing, they pass gas regulating element 7, spleen and stomach, blood running smooth, stomach strength enough, so clear and fresh body.
Autumn meeting: Autumn weather is becoming cooler, more people, dry mouth, cough with scanty sputum, lung injury Jin Yi Yi Yin and lungs, if adjusted by the spring and summer, after clearing, the body running normally, then to add proper nutrition , so that blood filling, Yang Yin Long, sturdy body, and many of Replenishing food has too much sugar, lipids, proteins and hormones, so the choice to have scales, plus a reasonable service health food diet.
Winter Precautions: Winter weather is cold, not warm and physically weak kidney injury, less activity, increase the amount of food into the body too easy to accumulate lipids, and blood is running slow, prone to cardiovascular disease. When should choose to use Cover up food, or made of herbs, such as Eight Treasure Chicken, Chinese wolfberry sticky rice, Chinese caterpillar fungus and red dates stew Tuan Yu, dog meat porridge, etc.. In short, clean, tune up, anti.'s Four Seasons food therapy principles, is a good health regimen, removal of the body of excess materials, regulating the body's balance of mind, add the appropriate nutrition to achieve the preventive health care, physical key body, the purpose of longevity.
Six modern food habits
Eating is a pleasure, but you ever thought of incorrect diet would cause many chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and even cancer. Diet is not the most important departure from the principles of nature.
Modern diet is the first major problem of excess heat and uneven.
Members may have seen in the African savannah, obesity can not be running the Lions? In addition to humans, all animals are hungry, when it is out foraging. Excessive intake of food, especially meat, excessive, has the human adult diseases and cancer is largely due. So how is the appropriate amount to eat it?
First of all, please look in the mirror to see their own teeth, the content of human food choices should be consistent with the structure of the teeth. Healthy human beings have 32 teeth, up and down about the relative said. If there is only a fancy row of teeth, each about two incisors, one canine, five premolars. As you know, front teeth is primarily used to feed on vegetables and fruits, canines are used to tear meat, and molars are used to chew food such as cereals and pulses. From this, the content of the human diet should be the staple food grains and pulses, vegetables and fruit for the non-staple food, while the second non-staple food, compared with a ratio of meat should be 5 to 2 to 1 is most appropriate. So how exactly is eating the amount should we do? The fact is that feeling of each person's stomach as the main judge. Chinese people say: eat eight full, meaning that as long as the ratio of the above diet, eat that has eight full stomach, it should be enough is enough. So there will not be over-nutrition or nutrition imbalance. Perhaps some people would doubt the proportion of the diet will lead to a lack of protein. In fact, in addition to cereals and legumes are rich in starch, but also contain easily digested protein. Although they are not entirely specific protein (the lack of certain essential amino acids), but consumption is up with the complementary role, while a complete protein, never lost its nutritional value of meat protein.
The second modern law of breach of natural diet is the way of cooking errors.
The recent vigorous development of fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's, KFC and other stores were set up to make fried chicken, french fries and a kids favorite. Many people thought that fried foods are using a vegetable oil rather than lard or butter should be no problem. In fact, the vegetable oils are mostly unsaturated fatty acids are easily oxidized under the heat generated in the lipid free radicals and lipid peroxidation and other harmful substances. These reactive substances will not only promote atherosclerosis, dark spots, wrinkles and other aging phenomena were also easy to induce cancer (especially lung cancer) from occurring. Therefore, the best way of conditioning to stew, stewed, fried the way of water, and less fried or fried way.
The third violation of natural law of modern way of eating is the consumption of over-refined foods and lack of fiber.
The fourth problem is the modern diet food pollution.
The fifth problem is that modern diet no intention of going for.
The sixth issue of modern diet is the lack of movement.
Some people may ask, how sports and diet? In fact exercise can enhance gastrointestinal motility, helps the body to drain fat or harmful toxins. Many people often complain of constipation and abdominal distension, eat the same things as if missing, the majority is caused by lack of exercise. While all human cells can increase oxygen consumption, relying on oxygen, glucose or fatty acids into ATP storage. The time when the body needs energy, ATP can be quickly transformed into energy, the chemical reaction the same as if the battery stored energy. If lack of exercise are the body's glucose or fatty acids can not change the ATP, instead of into fatty tissue accumulation in the body. So we can say: the same lack of exercise and overeating, is the main reason for causing obesity. What sports most appropriate? In fact appropriate to the physical fitness of their best soft movement, such as jogging, brisk walking, cycling, dance aerobics, and swimming. However, we must exercise to the body sweating, rapid heart beat over 100 times per minute, and continued 10 to 20 minutes of exercise in order to achieve the proper effect. Movement should be and "eat", as was a habit and a continuous exercise.
Only in a happy mood, the proper and balanced intake of proper conditioning of natural food, and with sufficient exercise, to eat out healthy, ate a young and beautiful!
Guangdong Food
Cantonese origin. Can be traced back to the Han Dynasty two thousand years ago. Ancient times, before the arrival of immigrants Central Plains, South Vietnamese family ancestors to have a unique style of food such as fish, hobby White Snake and raw clams. Western Han Dynasty, Liu An had "more people may think that the meat dish python" account. Song weeks to Africa, "LING WAI A" also recorded in Guangzhou, "and do not ask invariably eat birds Chong Yi." This is inseparable from the geographical location of Guangzhou. Guangzhou is sub-tropical water network area, Chong Yi clam fish especially rich, readily available, cook and eat, thus develop preferences fresh, crazy diet.
Awareness of the importance of diet mood
Awareness of the treatment of all.
- 费兹士波尔士
Of the last century, a most unusual scientific discovery is that the universe of observation of any phenomenon - observed how birds fly, or how to turn the Earth - will have a direct impact of the phenomenon. So, if we can rely on celestial bodies orbit reverse sense, then that vitamin A - that is awareness - the ability of the human body have a profound impact on not a surprising things.
As you can see in the mirror, the face suddenly excited, also will boost the body's energy up, this is the sense of stimulating the metabolism of chemical substances; you have had such experience, when you are in nature which was surrounded by beautiful scenery, suddenly that refreshes the spirit of relaxation? This is also awareness of the role of the results of physiological systems in the body; or whether you have noticed that when people are concerned about the behavior and expression are more dynamic, that is because of awareness of the role of other components in your biochemistry.
Awareness is there. We can feel it. We feel that this time the body also have the ability to do anything in life, and when we put food into the process of consciousness, it will be a very good metabolic power.
Digestion from start thinking
Awareness of the nutrition absorption and digestion and the burning heat played on the driving force, it just proved the scientists call "the first period of digestion reaction" (CPDR). The first reaction of digestion of a meal is simply the color, flavor and a special definition of satisfaction. Interestingly, researchers found that the work of our digestive 30% -40% should be attributed to the first reaction of digestion - the food we eat into the full consciousness.
Can you recall a scene like this and do you see your favorite foods began to drool, or stomach growling? This is the first reaction of digestion. When our mouth and nose smell, taste, chewing, and noted that food, the brain had already started to digest. Brain response to food stimulation of the saliva, gastric acid, enzymes and intestinal neuropeptide production, while producing a variety of pancreatic enzymes: insulin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase and lipase enzymes. Moreover, the blood began to flow into the digestive organs, the stomach and intestines together rhythmically, electrolysis by digestive enzymes together, for the digestion of food coming prepared.
If we did not invest enough in the dinner's attention will reduce the blood flow into the digestive system, which means the oxygen required for oxidation and metabolic power shortage. This reduced the secretion of intestinal enzymes, leading to digestive disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, decreased immunity and fatigue.
Teach you out of the family diet Mistakes
Recently, experts have shown that, for many families, eating there many errors. He said that people who like to eat fried, should pay attention to the cooking food; for people who like soup, soup is also very particular about time.
Experts said that some people do not eat fat to lose weight, but prefer to eat for themselves with very low in fat and calories of vegetables, this is actually a misunderstanding. The results show that: with its very low in fat and calories of vegetables, after frying, frying and other cooking, inhalation of oil is much higher than the original itself has more fat in the meat. This is mainly due to vegetable cells and cells filled the gap between the air, fish and meat cells and the gap filled with liquid, the former easier to breathe oil, a bowl of cooking oil are inhaled or more than a bowl of fish fried pork contains more fat, so for those who lose weight, eat more cooking is not only not get the effect of weight loss, it will increase the weight. Again, more delicious flavor seasoning, but the pepper, cinnamon, clove, cumin and other natural spices have some induced cancer and toxicity in the diet, excessive use of light who have dry mouth, sore throat, lethargy, insomnia feeling, severe cases can induce hypertension, gastroenteritis and other diseases, even cancer cells to form the possible damage. Therefore, the daily diet to minimize the use of the seasoning is appropriate.
"Tom is a daily essential, for many people, that the longer the soup more nutritious, and this is a misunderstanding.". "To stew soup bones, for example, many people think to withstand the strain longer bones of calcium to all run out, cook as little as 12 hours, as many as 35 hours, or even burn the day As everyone knows, this is totally unnecessary cooking scientific justification. "
Experts also pointed out that too much food cooked at high temperatures, the longer the more the loss of nutrition. People usually like to drink soup bones, no matter how high the temperature, how long, can not be completely dissolved bone calcium, because calcium contained animal bones easily broken down, but cooking will destroy the long bones the protein. The correct way is the bone broke down, and then put some cold water, slowly heating the fire, boil add a little vinegar to make in Bone phosphorus, calcium dissolved into soup, the whole heating process to one hour or so The appropriate way to burn out both nutritious and delicious soup.
In order to facilitate everyone's memory, experts are summarized below, hope you can out of the family diet as soon as possible misunderstanding "
Misunderstanding 1: vegetarian does not eat meat
Misunderstanding 2: The longer the soup more nutritious
Misunderstanding 3: Jiucun vegetables
Many people in order to save time, buy a lot of vegetables from the vegetable market, the food slowly in the refrigerator, this is very good. As vegetables, especially leafy vegetables contain nitrates, in storage for some time, due to the role of enzymes and bacteria, nitrate is reduced to nitrite, and nitrite in the body combined with the protein substances, can generate cause Cancer of the nitrite amine. Long-term storage of vegetables is not only harmful substances, and the resulting loss of nutrients. Experimental results show that at 30 ℃ for 24 hours storage room, green leafy vegetables, vitamin C almost all the losses.
Mistakes 4: preference to eat stir-fry
Misunderstanding 5: more delicious seasoning seasoning
Medical research shows that pepper, cinnamon, clove, cumin and other natural spices have some induced cancer and toxicity in the diet, excessive use of light who have dry mouth, sore throat, lethargy, insomnia feeling, in serious cases can induce hypertension, gastroenteritis and other diseases, even cancer may damage cell formation. Therefore, the daily diet to minimize the use of the seasoning is appropriate.