Buddhism Characters : Buddhist glossary > 文与可



Contents ·No. 1 ·Containing Phrases ·More results... No. 1 　　北宋仁宗时期的一位著名的画家姓文，名同，字与可，四川省梓潼县人。他与苏轼是表兄弟，曾任洋州（今陕西洋县）知州。 　　他特别擅长画竹子，有"墨竹大师"之称。他说:"我只不过把心中的竹子画出来罢了."“胸有成竹”这个成语就是起源于他画竹的，意思是做事之前，已有了通盘的考虑和充分的把握。 　　竹子开始生出时，只是一寸高的萌芽而已，但节、叶都具备了。从蝉破壳而出、蛇长出鳞一样的状态，直至像剑拔出鞘一样长到八丈高，都是一生长就有的。如今画竹的人都是一节节地画它，一叶叶地堆积它，这样哪里还会有完整的、活生生的竹子呢？所以画竹必定要心里先有完整的竹子形象，拿起笔来仔细看去，就看到了他所想画的竹子，急速起身跟住它，动手作画，一气呵成，以追上他所见到的，如兔子跃起奔跑、隼俯冲下搏，稍一放松就消失了。与可告诉我的是如此。我不能做到这样，但心里明白这样做的道理。既然心里明白这样做的道理，但不能做到这样，是由于内外不一，心与手不相适应，没有学习的过错。所以凡是在心中有了构思，但是作起来不熟练的，平常自己认为很清楚，可事到临头忽然又忘记了，这种现象难道仅仅是画竹有吗？ 　　子由写了篇《墨竹赋》，把它送给与可，说：“丁厨子，是杀牛的，但讲求养生的人从他的行动中悟出了道理；轮匠扁，是造车轮的，但读书的人赞成他讲的道理。如今您寄托意蕴在这幅竹画上，我认为您是深知道理的人，难道不是吗？”子由没有作过画，所以只得到了他的意蕴。象我这样的人，哪里仅仅是得到他的意蕴，并且也得到了他的方法。 　　与可画竹，起初自己并不看重。四方的人们，带着白绢来请他作画的，在他的门口脚与脚互相碰踩。与可讨厌他们，把白绢丢在地上骂道：“我将用这些白绢做袜子！”文人们传道着他的话，作为话柄。等与可从当洋州太守回来，我正任徐州太守。与可把信寄给我说：“近来告诉文人们说：‘我们画墨竹这一流派的人，已传到近在徐州的苏轼，你们可去求他画。’做袜子的材料会聚集到您那里去了。”信末又写了一首诗，它的大概意思说：“打算用一段鹅溪绢，画出寒竹万尺长。”我对与可说：“竹子长万尺，必须用绢二百五十匹。知道您是懒得动笔，希望得到这些绢罢了。”与可无话可答，就说：“我的话错了，世上哪有万尺长的竹子呢？”我就证实它，回答他的诗说：”世上也有八千尺长的竹，月光洒落空庭照出竹影这么长。”与可笑起来说：“苏先生真会说呀！但二百五十匹绢，我将用它们买些田回家养老啊。”即把所画的筼筜谷倾斜的竹子送给我，说：“这竹子只有几尺高，但有万尺的气势。”筼筜谷在洋州，与可还令我作《洋州三十咏》，《筼筜谷》是其中之一。我的诗说：“汉水的高竹贱如蓬草，斧头哪曾放过竹子？估计太守清贫贪馋，把渭水边上千亩竹林都吃进了肚里。”与可当天与他的妻子在筼筜谷游玩，煮笋晚上吃，打开信得到了这首诗，忍不住笑起来，喷饭满桌。 　　元丰二年正月二十日，与可在陈州去世了。这年七月七日，我在湖州晒书画，看到这幅《筼筜谷偃竹》，放下画卷痛哭失声。从前曹孟德祭桥玄文，有不祭祀坟墓、车过腹痛的话头；我的文章也记载了与可以往跟我戏笑的话，以见与可跟我这样亲密无间啊。 Containing Phrases Title text and can be bamboos painted with Chinese ink Articles and books can be bamboos painted with Chinese ink Songwenyu Able to understand Huzhou Send text and can be The code Ling Chau Wenyuke Bachelor Mo Jun Tang Since the question Provisional paper and bamboo can be There is a poem, see the text and can send clouds 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