shī rén : táng shī > 
mùlù
·zuòzhě: Du Fu·zuòpǐn: 《 ·yuèdòu《
·zuòpǐn: 《 Du Fu》·yuèdòu《 Du Fu》· jūn Xu Jun: Du Fu》
·dù fǔ dù fǔ·No. 6· jiǎn jiè About Du Fu
· shēng píng Du Fu's life· xiǎng Du Fu's thought·sān sān bié Three other three officials
·shǐ chuán lùn shù Discusses the history of mass· nián Du Chronicle· zhù zuò Du Fu's works
·dài biǎo míng Representative famous·míng zuò jiàn shǎng Appreciation masterpiece· chōng liào Supplementary information
·míng zuò jiàn shǎng Appreciation masterpiece· shēng píng Du Fu's life· rén yǐng xiǎng Personal influence
·bǎi diǎn Encyclopedia·yīngwénjièshì·jìnyící
·xiàngguāncí·fēnlèixiángqíng·gèngduōjiéguǒ...
Du Fu táng(712~770) xiāng yáng

shīcíyǒng huái zhī Thoughts of Old Time V》   dēng gāo A Long Climb》    zhì A Hearty Welcome to Vice-prefect Cui》   chūn wàng A Spring View》    zhèn The Eight-sided Fortress》   yuè On a Moonlight Night》   bīng chē xíng A Song of War-chariots》   yǒng huái zhī 'èr Poetic Thoughts on Ancient Sites II》   qiū xīng shǒu Autumn 8》   shāng chūn shǒu Spring and 5》   gèngduōshīgē...
jué de shī rén

杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
字子美,号少陵野老,祖籍襄阳(今湖北省襄樊市),生于河南省巩县(今巩义市),唐朝现实主义诗人。杜审言之孙。开元后期,举进士不第,漫游各地。后寓居长安近十年。及安禄山军陷长安,乃逃至凤翔,谒见肃宗,官左拾遗。长安收复后,随肃宗还京,寻出为华州司功参军。不久弃官居秦州同谷。又移家成都,筑草堂于浣花溪上,世称浣花草堂。一度在剑南节度使严武幕中任参谋,武表为检校工部员外郎,因此后世称其杜工部。晚年携家出蜀,病死湘江途中。其诗显示了唐代由盛转衰的历史过程,被称为「诗史」。以古体,律诗见长,风格多样,而以沉郁为主。他对中国古典诗歌的发展影响非常深远,被后人称为「诗圣」。

[杜甫与中唐诗歌]
  唐玄宗天宝十四载(755)安史之乱爆发,使唐王朝迅速地由繁盛转入衰乱,唐诗
也随之发生了重大变化。从盛唐诗歌的情况来看,尽管那个时代的一些文人出于各种原
因对前代诗歌进行了激烈的抨击,但从魏晋南北朝到盛唐,诗歌发展的延续性在一些基
本特征上是很显著的:儒家传统中以诗为政治与教化之工具的观念在实际创作中很少被
认真看待,诗始终是一种个人性的艺术创造,是表现诗人生活情怀与人生理想的审美形
式。而盛唐诗人的激荡的热情与浪漫的幻想,更使诗成为华彩的乐章。而到了中唐,首
先可以看到诗歌与时事政治的关联加强了。这本身当然不是什么缺点,杜甫许多这一类
型的诗作都具有感人的力量,对于唐诗的内容是很重要的开拓。但同时需要注意到,这
一种关联的加强常常伴随着诗人个体意识的削弱和对于国家的依附意识的加强,伴随着
儒家文学观念的加强。这在杜甫已不能免,在元结、白居易等诗人那里则更突出。而另
一方面,作为盛唐诗歌主要特征的激情的表现,在中唐诗歌中也受到了抑制。杜甫诗的
“沉郁”,实际就是激情受到理性的抑制的结果。在其他诗人那里,激情或转化为怪诞,
或转化为哀苦,乃至退化为闲适、琐细。
  毫无疑问,唐代文化富于创造性的生命力并不是在中唐就消失了。甚至,中唐诗歌
艺术风格的多样化、各种不同风格之间的差异,比盛唐诗给人的印象要更为强烈;中唐
诗人对语言表现形式的关注,也比盛唐诗人更为深入。从杜甫的“语不惊人死不休”,
到李贺的呕心沥血觅诗句,贾岛的苦吟,诗人们付出了前所未有的努力。唐诗总体上的
繁荣多彩,与他们(也包括晚唐诗人)的努力是分不开的。但诗歌中豪迈自信、自由飞
扬的精神,在这时确实是开始减退了。
  还有一点需要说明:自明代高棅明确把唐诗划分成初、盛、中、晚四阶段以来,人
们习惯把杜甫归为盛唐诗人,这是出于要同时充分肯定盛唐诗和杜诗的典范价值的考虑。
但从唐代社会和唐诗的变化的实际情况来看,这样划分并不合理,所以我们不采此说。
  杜甫与李白一向被视为唐诗世界中两座并峙的高峰,同时,他们也构成了唐诗的分
野。尽管李、杜的年龄只相差十一岁,他们也都经历过唐王朝的全盛时代和由盛入衰的
安史之乱,但他们的创作,却存在某些根本的不同。李白诗歌的主导风格,形成于大唐
帝国最为辉煌的年代,以抒发个人情怀为中心,咏唱对自由人生的渴望与追求,成为其
显著特征。
  而杜甫诗歌的主导风格,却是在安史之乱的前夕开始形成,而滋长于其后数十年天
下瓦解、遍地哀号的苦难之中。因此,流响于刚刚过去的年代中的充满自信、富于浪漫
色彩的诗歌情调,到了杜甫这里便戛然而止。在飘零的旅途上,杜甫背负着对于国家和
民族命运的沉重责任感,凝视着流血流泪的大地,忠实地描绘出时代的面貌和自己内心
的悲哀。这种深入社会、关切政治和民生疾苦、重视写实的创作倾向,和由此带来的语
言表现形式方面的一系列变化,不仅标志了唐诗内容与风格的重大转折,也对中唐以后
直至宋代诗歌的发展,造成了深刻的影响。
  但是,盛唐诗歌的一些重要特征,在杜甫的诗歌创作中仍然有所体现。激情虽然在
他的诗中受到抑制,却仍然可以感受到它的存在;雄伟壮大之美,也仍然是诗人的爱好。
他的那些关于时事政治的诗篇,大抵是真诚情感的流露和结晶,而并非以预定的社会功
利目的为首要的出发点。从这些方面来说,杜甫与盛唐文化终究有很深的关联。
  一、杜甫的生平和个性
  杜甫(712—770)字子美,生于巩县(今属河南)。他出身于一个具有悠久传统的
官僚世家,自十三世祖杜预以下,几乎每一代都有人出任不同的官职,所以杜甫自豪地
称为“奉儒守官,未坠素业”(《进雕赋表》)。其母系为唐代士族中门第最高的清河
崔氏。只是杜甫的父亲杜闲只做到奉天县令,这个家庭已呈衰落之象。
  家庭给予杜甫正统的儒家文化教养,和务必要在仕途上有所作为的雄心。所以,终
其一生,高蹈出世的念头很少占据他的头脑。另外,唐代是重视诗歌的时代,而杜甫的
祖父杜审言正是武后朝中最著名的诗人,这更加深了杜甫对诗歌的兴趣。他曾很骄傲地
对儿子说:“诗是吾家事。”(《宗武生日》)追求仕途事业和不朽的诗名,共同构成
了杜甫的人生轨道。
  杜甫早慧,据称七岁便能写诗,十四、五岁时便“出游翰墨场”(《壮游》),与
文士们交游酬唱。二十岁以后十余年中,杜甫过着漫游的生活。这既是为了增长阅历,
也是为了交结名流、张扬声名,为日后的仕进作准备。他先到了吴越一带,江南景物和
文化,给他留下很深刻的印象。二十四岁时,杜甫赴洛阳考试,未能及第,又浪游齐、
赵,度过一段狂放的生活,他后来回忆说:“放荡齐赵间,裘马颇清狂。”
  (《壮游》)三十三岁时,杜甫与李白相识于洛阳,又在梁、宋一带为豪侠之游。
李白当时已是名震天下的诗人,他的特殊风采和出众才华,深深吸引了杜甫。
  杜甫称做官为他们家族的“素业”——世代相袭的职业,他的各种文化教养都是与
这一点相联系的。三十五岁左右,杜甫来到长安求取官职。开始,他满怀信心,“自谓
颇挺出,立登要路津”,并相信自己能“致君尧舜上,再使风俗淳”(《奉赠韦左丞丈
二十二韵》),但滞留十年却一再碰壁。这可能是因为他的家庭背景已不够有力,而把
持权柄的李林甫等人,又对引进人才采取阻碍的态度。大约在杜甫到长安不久,父亲就
去世了,他的生活因此变得艰困起来,为了生存,为了求官做,杜甫不得不奔走于权贵
门下,作诗投赠,希望得到他们的引荐。此外,他还多次向玄宗皇帝献赋,如《雕赋》、
《三大礼赋》等,指望玄宗对他的文才投以青睐。种种努力的结果,是到天宝十四载才
获得右卫率府胄曹参军这样一个卑微的官职,而这已是安史之乱的前夕。
  天宝后期,唐代社会虽维持着表面的繁盛,却已处处埋伏危机。这主要表现在三个
方面:一是玄宗和他的边将们一意开拓疆土、穷兵黩武的政策,导致国力空虚、民生艰
难,许多人无辜死亡;二是玄宗沉湎于享乐,李林甫、杨国忠等人擅权专政,阻塞言路,
政治变得昏暗;三是为玄宗所宠信的安禄山身兼三节度使,手握雄兵,威胁到国家的统
一。处在逆境中的人容易看到现实中的弊病,当一场大崩溃即将到来时,杜甫透过个人
的不幸看到了国家的不幸,人民的不幸。天宝十一载(752),杜甫写下了他的名篇
《兵车行》,以严肃的态度,真实地记录下人民被驱往战场送死的悲惨图景。这首诗标
志了杜甫诗歌的转变。此后,他又写出《前出塞》九首,继续对灾难性的开边战争提出
质疑;写出《丽人行》,揭露玄宗宠妃杨玉环的亲族穷奢极欲的生活。而长诗《自京赴
奉先咏怀五百字》,更把最高统治集团醉生梦死的情状与民间饥寒交迫的困境加以尖锐
的对照,以“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”这样震撼人心的诗句概括了社会的黑暗和不合
理。
  安史之乱爆发后,杜甫一度被困于叛军占据下的长安。后来只身逃出,投奔驻在凤
翔的唐肃宗,被任为左拾遗。这是一个从八品的谏官,地位虽不高,却是杜甫仅有的一
次在中央任职的经历。但不久就因上疏申救房琯的罢相而触怒肃宗,后于乾元初被贬斥
为华州司功参军。由于战乱和饥荒,杜甫无法养活他的家庭,加之对仕途的失望,他在
乾元二年(759)丢弃了官职,进入在当时尚为安定富足的蜀中。从安史之乱爆发到杜
甫入川的四年,整个国家处在剧烈的震荡中,王朝倾危,人民大量死亡,杜甫本人的生
活也充满危险和艰难。而他的诗歌创作,因了血与泪的滋养,达到了颠峰状态。
  《春望》、《月夜》、《悲陈陶》、《悲青坂》、《北征》、《羌村》以及“三
吏”、“三别”等大量传世名篇,从诗人浸满忧患的笔下不绝涌出。
  到成都不久,杜甫依靠朋友的帮助,在城西建了一座草堂。后来,杜甫的故交严武
出任剑南东西川节度使,与杜甫过从甚密,对他的生活也多有照顾。当严武第二次镇蜀
时,并表荐杜甫担任了节度参谋、检校工部员外郎(后世因此称他为“杜工部”)。杜
甫是为了避乱谋食来到蜀中的。最初二年多时间,他闲居草堂,生活确实比较安逸,当
时所写吟咏草堂周围自然景物的诗篇,也显出一种清新闲淡的韵致。但这种情形并没有
维持很久。从全国来说,安史之乱虽于公元七六三年宣告结束,但唐王朝的瓦解之势并
未因此而停止。外患方面,有吐蕃的严重侵扰,甚至攻入长安,迫使代宗仓皇出逃;内
乱方面,则出现普遍的军阀割据或半割据状态,而政治的腐败、官吏的横暴,也是有增
无减。从蜀中地区来说,它既是吐蕃进攻的一个重点,也是容易发生军阀割据的地方。
  就在严武二次镇蜀的间隔时期,就曾发生一场严重的军事叛乱,杜甫因此一度逃离
成都,携家流浪。一场暴烈的动荡转化为持续的衰乱,这使得杜甫对国家的前途更觉失
望,他后期的诗歌,情绪甚至比安史之乱中更显得沉重。
  永泰元年(765),严武去世,蜀中重又发生大乱,杜甫在成都的生活也失去凭依,
他又带着全家老小,登上一条小船,过起流浪逃难的生活(或谓在严武去世前不久,杜
甫因所任工部员外郎之职由虚衔转为实授,而离蜀赴长安)。最初的目的大概是要沿长
江东下出川,路途中却因疾病和战乱等缘故,滞留了很久。先是在云安居住了一段时间,
后又在夔州居住了近两年。到五十七岁那年,终于乘舟出三峡,却仍是在湖北、湖南一
带的水路上漂泊,最后于大历五年、五十九岁上,在耒阳附近客死旅舟。杜甫艰难漂泊
的一生,在这里得到一个凄凉的结束。
  “漂泊西南天地间”(《咏怀古迹》五首之一)的十一年,也是杜甫诗歌创作的重
要时期,留下的作品有一千余首,占其《杜工部集》存诗总数的三分之二以上。《闻官
军收河南河北》、《又呈吴郎》、《秋兴》、《诸将》、《咏怀古迹》、《旅夜书怀》
等,都是这一时期的优秀代表作。尤其以旅居夔州的二年为中心,杜甫的律诗创作达到
炉火纯青的境界,可以说是杜诗的第二次高峰。
  在杜甫年轻时代,他的性格中就包涵着两种不同的因素。
  一方面,他自幼接受儒家正统文化的熏陶,把贵德行、重名节、循礼法视为基本的
人生准则;而同时,他也受到时代风气的影响,有着颇为张狂、富于浪漫气质的一面。
他的《壮游》诗回忆往事,自称“性豪业嗜酒,嫉恶怀刚肠”,“饮酣视八极,俗物都
茫茫”;在文学上,连屈原、贾谊、曹植、刘桢那样的人物都不放在眼里,可见他是多
么骄傲。在与李白、高适等人交游时,他们纵酒放歌、慷慨怀古、驰逐射猎,也很有几
分任侠之气。后来经过重重苦难的磨砺,杜甫个性中放狂的一面收敛了许多,传统的儒
家人生观对于他的个性和行为习惯起了更重要的作用,但他也并不是完全变成了另外一
个人,变成了纯粹的恂恂君子。《旧唐书》本传说他“性褊躁”、“无拘检”、“傲
诞”,不会是毫无根据的。其实,如果没有几分“傲诞”、“褊躁”,恐怕很难成为一
个诗人。这方面一个突出的表现,是杜甫始终对屈辱的生活处境十分敏感。滞留长安及
漂泊西南时期,杜甫常常不得不寄人篱下,仰仗权势者的济助。他在诗中写道:“朝扣
富儿门,暮随肥马尘,残杯与冷炙,到处潜悲辛!”(《奉赠韦左丞丈二十二韵》)
“苦摇求食尾,常曝报恩腮。……休为贫士叹,任受众人咍。”
  (《秋日荆南述怀三十韵》)一个身负“太平宰相”之志的人,却成为一名失业者、
乞食者,怎么能不深感痛苦呢?这些诗句同李白的“安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开
心颜”的表白,看起来绝不相同,实质上却有相通之处。杜诗中那种对于国家和社会的
关切,固然是出于真情,但也未始没有在自觉得碌碌而生、于世无益的情况下,在精神
上自我提升、自我拯救的意味。
  对人生信仰、政治理想的执着,也是杜甫个性的一大特征。后代有人说杜甫是“村
夫子”,杜甫诗中也自称“乾坤一腐儒”(《江汉》),都是就这一种执着态度而言。
所谓“致君尧舜”,所谓“忧民爱物”,这些儒家的政治观念,在很多人只是一种空谈、
一种标榜,杜甫却是真心地相信和实行它。而且,儒者本有“穷则独善其身,达则兼济
天下”的进退之路,杜甫却不愿如此,他是不管穷达,都要以天下为念。甚至,愈是社
会崩溃昏乱,他愈是要宣扬自己的政治理想,相信尽管“万国尽穷途”(《舟出江陵南
浦奉寄郑少尹审》),但靠了一点一滴的人力,终究能够改变现实。他的这种执着态度,
在当年实际的政治生活中未必有什么用处,对于诗人来说却是重要的。因为唯其如此,
杜甫才能始终保持正视现实的热情和勇气。
  杜甫是一个感情丰富的人。他和李白交往的时间并不长,但当李白遭遇危险时,他
却魂牵梦绕,再三写下《梦李白》、《天末怀李白》等感人至深的诗篇。他在夔州离开
自己住过的一所房屋时,也不能忘记以前常来自己院中打枣为食的邻家老妇人,特意写
了《又呈吴郎》诗,嘱托新主人对她应多加体谅。当然,更多的诗篇抒发了他对战乱中
的国家和贫苦大众的强烈的忧念。只是,杜甫的情感,不像李白那样奔泄而出,而是受
到理智的节制。这一性格特点,直接影响杜甫的诗歌创作,就是:杜甫更喜欢、更擅长
在严格的形式中,以精心选择、反复锤炼的语言来抒发情感。
  二、乱离时世的悲歌
  杜甫早期作品留存数量很少。这些诗篇和时代的风气相一致,充满自信、带有英雄
主义的倾向,而同杜甫自己后来的作品有明显区别。如《房兵曹胡马》以“所向无空
阔”、“万里可横行”写马,《画鹰》以“何当击凡鸟,毛血洒平芜”写鹰,都有不可
一世之概。《望岳》诗起首“岱宗夫如何,齐鲁青未了”,气势宏大;结句“会当凌绝
顶,一览众山小”,富于展望,令人感觉到诗人雄心勃勃的精神状态。随着杜甫渐渐深
入到苦难的现实,他的诗也变得沉重起来。但早期诗歌那种气势壮阔的特点,仍然保留
着。
  《兵车行》的创作标志着杜甫诗歌的转变。由此形成并基本上贯穿了杜甫此后一生
诗歌创作在思想内容方面的主要特征有四点:严肃的写实精神;在忠诚于唐王朝和君主
的前提下,对统治集团中的腐朽现象给予严厉的批判;对民生疾苦的深厚同情;对国家
与民族命运的深沉忧念。
  《兵车行》的开头是一幅悲惨的图景:“车辚辚,马萧萧,行人弓箭各在腰。耶娘
妻子走相送,尘埃不见咸阳桥。牵衣顿足拦道哭,哭声直上干云霄。”接着把批判的锋
芒指向好大喜功的唐玄宗:“边庭流血成海水,武皇开边意未已!”诗中继续写到战争
导致国内生产力的衰减:“君不闻汉家山东二百州,千村万落生荆杞,纵有健妇把锄犁,
禾生陇亩无东西。”
  最后借想象为那些无辜的死者发出悲愤的哭喊:“君不见青海头,古来白骨无人收。
新鬼烦冤旧鬼哭,天阴雨湿声啾啾!”
  在唐诗中,如此严肃地正视现实、具有深刻的批判精神的作品,以前还没有过。而
在稍后写成的《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》中,杜诗的批判精神又有进一步的发展。诗中
既写到自己忠于王朝和君主的不可改移的天性——“葵藿倾太阳,物性固难夺”,同时
又对正在骊山行宫中肆意挥霍享乐的玄宗君臣提出责难:“彤庭所分帛,本自寒女出,
鞭挞其夫家,聚敛贡城阙。”在这里,杜甫的笔已经触及统治者与人民之间剥削与被剥
削的根本性对立。
  在杜甫的思想中,合理的政治应当表现为统治者与被统治者之间的和谐:君主应当
爱护人民,使之安居乐业,而人民则理所当然地应该忠诚和拥戴君主。然而事实上这仅
是一种空想。他作为一个诚实的诗人严肃地面对现实时,不能不为此感到困苦。杜诗的
名篇“三吏”、“三别”、就是很好的例子。这些诗作于乾元二年杜甫从华州去洛阳时。
此前不久,唐军在邺城围攻安史叛军遭到大败,形势危急,唐军为了守住洛阳、潼关一
线,在民间拼命抓丁,连未成年人和老人都不能幸免。杜甫以叙事诗的形式描述了他亲
眼所见的悲惨情形。
  从这些典型的忧国忧民之作中,我们可以更清楚地理解杜甫。
  首先需要指出:“忧国”和“忧民”并不是很容易统一起来的事情。因为杜甫所忧
念的“国”同李氏王朝的“皇纲”之存亡密不可分,这“国”首先是包括杜甫在内的统
治阶级的国,统治阶级的成员依其地位高下从这个“国”中得到不等的利益;至于“民”
尤其是贫困的劳动人民,即使他们的利益同这个王朝的存亡有一定关联,他们也主要是
牺牲者而不是得利者。而安史之乱就其根本的性质来说,是一场企图改朝换代的军事叛
乱。虽然安史集团的头领以汉化的胡族人为主,但民族矛盾的一面也不是主要的。可以
说,普通民众是被争夺最高权力的两大集团推进了血火之中。那么杜甫又怎样来看待这
个问题呢?先看他的《新安吏》:
  客行新安道,喧呼闻点兵。借问新安吏:“县小更无丁?”“府帖昨夜下,次选中
男行。”“中男绝短小,何以守王城?”肥男有母送,瘦男独伶俜。白水暮东流,青山
犹哭声。“莫自使泪枯,收汝泪纵横,眼枯即见骨,天地终无情!”
  读到这里,我们感受到诗人对受难的人民的极其真实深切的悲悯之情。当他说出
“眼枯即见骨,天地终无情”这样悲愤的话时,他指出了一个惨痛的事实:民众在这个
世界上走到了绝路。沿着这个方向追问下去,会出现严重的问题:牺牲到最后的人民有
无义务继续为大唐王朝作出牺牲?而诗人就在这危险关头收刹了他的笔,转到另外的方
向:
  我军取相州,日夕望其平,岂意贼难料,归军星散营。就粮近故垒,练卒依旧京,
掘壕不到水,牧马役亦轻。况乃王师顺,抚养甚分明,送行勿泣血,仆射如父兄。
  所谓官军中劳役轻、官长爱惜士兵,并且似乎没有什么危险,这恐怕是杜甫自己都
不能相信的。但他只能这样幻想,并以此安慰从军少年和他们的家人。而归根结蒂,他
还是要求人民继续为唐王朝作出牺牲。还有《新婚别》,写一位结婚才一天的新娘送丈
夫从军,诗中既写出她的悲哀:“君今往死地,沈痛迫中肠”,又以较多的笔墨描绘了
这位女子“深明大义”的形象。她要丈夫“勿为新婚念,努力事戎行”,又说自己不能
跟随而去,因为“妇女在军中,兵气恐不扬。”我们不能说杜甫笔下的新娘不是真实的,
但可以想象一定也有不愿自己的亲人走向“死地”的妇女。而之所以选择这一位新娘作
为主人公,乃是从国家利益考虑。包括《垂老别》中那位“子孙征亡尽”而自己又被征
去当兵的老人,他的遭遇可以说凄惨至极,诗人对他也确实充满同情,但在篇末,他还
是让老人说出“何乡为乐土,安敢尚盘桓”这样偏向豪壮的调子。
  总之,杜甫“忧国”,却不能因此而泯灭良知,回避眼见的事实①;他“忧民”,
却又不能因此背弃唐王朝的根本利益,因此只能在尖锐的矛盾中寻找折衷的途径。而这
种折衷又是很勉强的,这使诗中表现出的情绪显得非常痛苦。我们没有理由苛责杜甫,
作为封建时代的诗人,能够如此严肃地正对现实,关怀人民,已是难能可贵。但在另一
方面也要看到,在以后长期的封建社会中,他获得“诗圣”这样一个带有浓厚道德意味
的尊称,也是有其深刻的原因的。
  ①如张巡、许远在安史之乱中为坚守睢阳,以人为食,死者数万,封建史家和正统
文人对他们吃人这一点仍给予赞扬,这和杜诗的态度完全是另一回事。
  在杜甫晚年,由于形势越发不可收拾,自身的处境也日见窘迫,他对军阀、官僚的
横暴、腐败,态度变得更为尖锐严峻。虽然像《兵车行》和“三吏”、“三别”那样细
致描述的作品已经很少再有了,但以高度概括的诗歌语言所揭示的事实,却别有一种震
撼人心的力量。如《草堂》写蜀中军阀的叛乱和相互杀戮:“到今用钺地,风雨闻号呼。
鬼妾与鬼马,色悲克尔娱。”——被杀者似乎仍在号哭,而他们的妻妾和马,都面带愁
容供杀戮者取乐,这是一幅何等惨酷的图景!又如《三绝句》中写道官军的残暴:
  殿前兵马虽骁雄,纵暴略与羌浑同。闻道杀人汉水上,妇女多在官军中。
  时代的苦难被杜甫以焦虑和愤怒的心情一一记录在诗中。但是,他对现实有什么办
法呢?他只能苦苦地告诫那些做官的朋友:“众寮宜洁白,万役但平均。”(《送陵州
路使君赴任》)
  他只能期盼皇帝的贤明:“谁能叩君门,下令减征赋?”(《宿花石戍》)他只能
浩叹:“安得务农息战斗,普天无吏横索钱!”
  (《昼梦》)这些无奈的、固执的哀告,说出了受尽苦难的广大民众的心愿。
  杜甫不只是一个时代的观察者、记录者,他本身的遭遇是同时代的苦难纠结在一起
的。人们从他的诗篇中,可以清楚地看到这位诚实的、富于正义感和同情心的诗人,如
何辗转挣扎于漂泊的旅途,历经饥寒困危,备尝忧患。对于生活在动乱时代的人们,这
一类诗格外具有感染力。如《月夜》,是杜甫在安史之乱爆发后困居长安时所作,抒发
了诗人对被战火阻隔的妻子的怀念:
  今夜鄜州月,闺中只独看。遥怜小儿女,未解忆长安。香雾云鬟湿,清辉玉臂寒。
何时倚虚幌,双照泪痕干!
  当他逃至凤翔后,有了机会去鄜州探家时,又写出他的名篇《羌村三首》,录第一
首:
  峥嵘赤云西,日脚下平地。柴门鸟雀噪,归客千里至。妻孥怪我在,惊定还拭泪。
世乱遭飘荡,生还偶然遂。邻人满墙头,感叹亦歔欷。夜阑更秉烛,相对如梦寐。
  诗中呈现一幅戏剧性的异常感人的场面。在那一场突发的大战乱中,家破人亡是寻
常事情,骨肉重聚反而似乎是不可思议的了。杜甫以准确生动的语言,把他们一家人重
新相见时,彼此如在梦中、亦惊亦悲亦喜的复杂心情清晰地呈现出来,可谓感人至深。
千百年来,它不知引发了多少人内心的共鸣!
  正是因为个人的命运同时代的苦难纠结在一起,富于同情心和社会责任感的杜甫,
常常从自身的遭遇联想到更多的人、更普遍的社会问题。如在《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》
中,他由幼子的因饥饿而夭折,想到自己的家庭毕竟还享有某些特权,那些地位低下的
“失业徒”、“远戍卒”,又将如何挣扎下去呢?在《茅屋为秋风所破歌》中,他由自
家茅屋被风雨吹破而致家人受寒冻,发出“安得广厦万千间,大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”的
祈愿。这种宽广的胸怀,是值得后人钦佩的。
  杜甫的诗歌自古以来就有“诗史”的美誉。但应该指出:
  诗歌并不会仅仅因为记载了某些史实就成为好诗。杜甫其实并非有意于史;他的那
些具有历史纪实性的诗篇,以及那些纪述自身经历而折射出历史面目的诗篇,乃是他的
生命与历史相随而饱经忧患的结晶,是浸透着他个人的辛酸血泪的。后代有些诗人虽然
也关注社会政治问题,但往往有意于史,所以他们的诗作难以像杜诗一样引起我们的感
动。
  当然,杜甫的诗歌不尽是同当日的政治、社会问题相关联的,也下完全是忧愤之作。
他的作品题材其实很广泛,尤其描绘山水风光自然景物的诗篇,在他的集子中占了很大
比例。杜甫一生到过很多地方,吟咏美好的山川风光,为他多难的生活增添了许多乐趣。
像西南一带的景色,很多是因为有了杜甫的诗才开始为世人所知。有时,杜甫也会忘怀
一切地沉浸在自然界种种细微的变化中,写出诸如“细雨鱼儿出,微风燕子斜”(《水
槛遣心》)、“云掩初弦月,香传小树花”(《遣意》)那样一类情味悠闲的诗句。毕
竟,生活是多彩的,作为诗人,无论如何也不会失去对优美事物的兴趣。
  三、杜甫诗歌的艺术成就
  杜甫是一位富有创造性的诗人。比较而言,李白的诗天然涌发、飘逸而不可摹仿;
杜甫的诗则千锤百炼、苦心经营,可以为人典则。就这一点来说,杜诗对后人的影响比
李白要大。
  杜甫的诗歌类型众多、风格也富于变化。其原因主要有二:一是杜甫的诗歌应用范
围极广。他不仅用诗歌来叙事抒情,还用来写人物传记和自传、书信、游记、政论、诗
文评,几乎无所不能。不过这也带来部分诗歌偏向于理性化的问题。
  二是杜甫对前代诗歌的态度比较宽容,主张“转益多师”而不轻易否定。比如对南
朝诗,杜甫虽亦有所批评,但却不曾像李白那样大言“自从建安来,绮丽不足珍”
(《古风》之一)。他对庾信、何逊、阴铿等众多六朝作家,都能诚心地肯定和汲取其
长处,从而丰富了自身的创作。这一点元稹在为杜甫写的墓志铭中曾强调地指出。
  杜甫善于运用各种诗歌体式。他的五、七言律诗和五、七言古体诗,在唐代都是第
一流的。七言绝句虽不如李白、王昌龄那样杰出,但也有自成一家的特色。只有五绝,
数量较少,成就亦稍为逊色。在杜甫的诗歌中,有几种类型特别具有独创性,也最能够
代表他对中国诗史的贡献,我们分别加以介绍。
  一类是用五言古体形式写成的自叙性的诗篇,《自京赴奉先咏怀五百字》、《北征》
是其中最著名的代表作。这类诗大都篇幅较长,往往是融写景、叙事、抒情、议论于一
体,能够表达相当复杂的内容。如《北征》诗长达七百字,叙述作者自凤翔至鄜州探家
的一路经历和所见所思,沿途的景物、战乱的疮痕、对国家命运的忧虑、对个人遭遇的
感慨、与家人重聚的情形等多方面内容交织在一起,情绪起伏变化,充分表现了杜甫当
时复杂的心理。这类诗是从辞赋体变化而来的,带有明显的散文成份。宋代诗歌有“以
文为诗”的倾向,显然受到杜甫这一类作品的影响。但在杜甫诗中由于感情浓郁厚重,
仍有足够的力量支撑如此长篇,而不致失去诗的特性。
  一类是以《兵车行》、《丽人行》、“三吏”、“三别”为代表的既有七言古体、
又有五言古体的叙事诗。这一类诗实际是古代乐府民歌的流变,但杜甫打破惯例,不用
乐府古题而“即事名篇”(根据所叙事实命名),这样就更能够反映现实,更富于生活
气息。这一创造,直接导引了中唐以元稹、白居易为首的“新乐府”运动。从叙事艺术
来看,这些诗善于描绘人物形象,尤其是运用对话来表现人物个性,在中国古代叙事诗
的发展过程中占有重要的地位。
  再有一类是七律。杜甫在这方面的成就,对中国诗歌艺术作出了巨大贡献。在杜甫
以前,七律多用于宫廷应制唱和,这类诗内容贫乏,其语言亦平缓无力,而在这以外,
佳作也为数不多。到了杜甫,不但在声律上把七律推向成熟,更重要的是充分发展了这
一诗歌形式所蕴涵的可能性。七律同五律一样,是固定的诗型。但杜甫利用它比五律稍
大的篇幅,使之能包含相当大的容量;在语言节奏方面,虽然七律每句只比五律多二字,
但经过杜甫的精心调节,却可以产生多种多样的变化。于是,七律成为一种既工丽严整,
又开合动荡,具有独特的艺术表现力的诗型。试看他的名作《秋兴八首》之一:
  玉露凋伤枫树林,巫山巫峡气萧森。江间波浪兼天涌,塞上风云接地阴。丛菊两开
他日泪,孤舟一系故园心。寒衣处处催刀尺,白帝城高急暮砧。
  诗写巫峡的秋声秋色,美丽而萧瑟,壮阔而阴郁,以此衬托出孤独的诗人形象。整
首诗既有力度,又非常精致,给人以丰富的感受。而有时候,杜甫为了追求特殊的效果,
又把古体诗的句式、音调锤进律诗,人们称之为“拗律”。如《白帝城最高楼》:
  城尖径仄旌旆愁,独立缥缈之飞楼。峡坼云霾龙虎卧,江清日抱鼋鼍游。扶桑西枝
对断石,弱水东影随长流。杖藜叹世者谁子?泣血迸空回白头。
  在这首诗中,第二句和第七句语法完整,不避虚词、代词,都是古体诗的散文化句
式(通常律诗的句子比较紧缩)。尤其第七句是上五下二的节奏,在第五字“者”处形
成很强的停顿,然后引出悲怆而有力的末句。从声律来说,这首诗每一句第五字的平仄
都和律诗规定的平仄相反;而且对仗的三、四句和五、六句,句尾都是三仄声对三平声,
起伏感很强,具有古风的特征。这样,作者打破了律诗固有的平衡、和谐,于拗折中求
得独特的韵味,借以表达自己不平静的心情。这种借声调和句法的拗折来抒发某种特殊
情绪的手段,后来在宋诗人黄庭坚那里被广泛运用。
  杜甫对于诗歌的语言非常重视,他毫不隐讳地宣称:“语不惊人死不休。”(《江
上值水如海势聊短述》)他的努力,也确实取得了惊人的成就。可以说,杜甫把中国古
典诗歌语言的表现力,提高到一个新的阶段。
  杜诗语言的功力,表现为两种不同的情况。一是句式、词汇并不特别,但由于写得
准确有力,而给人以强烈的感受。如《羌村》中“妻孥怪我在”,读起来是很平常的句
子,但它刻画出妻子见丈夫仍在人世、刹那间竟感到奇怪的神情,成为惊心动魄的一笔。
又如《江亭王阆州筵饯钱遂州》中“老畏歌声断,愁随舞曲长”,也不是很特别的句子,
却很充分地写出了诗人观赏歌舞时潦倒愁闷的心情。另一种情况就是用不寻常的语言和
修辞手法,造成新鲜的、能够激活读者心理感受的形象。譬如杜甫的写景诗句,常把表
示色彩的字放在开头,然后用一个动词引入实物,像“青惜峰峦过,黄知橘柚来”
(《放船》),“碧知湖外草,红见海东云”(《晴》),“绿垂风折笋,红绽雨肥梅”
(《陪郑广文游何将军山林》)等。这样写来,既醒目又能表现出情感的流动。古人炼
字,有“诗眼”之说,即一句诗中有一个字特别警醒,使全句皆活。杜甫这方面的长处
尤其为人钦服,赞为一字之下,后人无法更易。像“风起春灯乱,江鸣夜雨悬”(《船
下夔州郭宿雨湿不得上岸别王二十判官》)的“乱”和“悬”,“星垂平野阔,月涌大
江流”(《旅夜书怀》)的“垂”与“涌”,“万姓疮痍合,群山嗜欲肥”(《送卢十
四弟侍御护韦尚书灵榇归上都二十四韵》)的“合”与“肥”等,不胜枚举。至若《秋
兴》中“丛菊两开他日泪,孤舟一系故园心”,动词“开”和“系”都关联两项事物,
更是精巧绝伦。
  杜甫诗歌的艺术风格多种多样,最具有特征性的、也是杜甫自己提出并为历来评论
者所公认的,是“沉郁顿挫”(《进雕赋表》)。所谓“沉郁”,主要表现为意境开阔
壮大、感情深沉苍凉;所谓“顿挫”,主要表现为语言和韵律屈折有力,而不是平滑流
利或任情奔放。形成这种特点的根本原因,是杜甫诗歌所要表达的人生情感非常强烈,
而同时这种情感又受到理性的节制。他的思虑常常很复杂、心情常常很矛盾,所以他需
要找到恰当和适度的表达方法。这样,使得诗中的情感之流成为有力度而受控制的涌动。
  杜甫是一位集大成和承前启后的诗人,清代叶燮《原诗》中说:“杜甫之诗,包源
流,综正变。自甫以前,如汉魏之浑朴古雅,六朝之藻丽秾纤、澹远韶秀,甫诗无一不
备。然出于甫,皆甫之诗,无一字句为前人之诗也。自甫以后,在唐如韩愈、李贺之奇
奡,刘禹锡、杜牧之雄杰,刘长卿之流利,温庭筠、李商隐之轻艳,以至宋、金、元、
明之诗家,称巨擘者,无虑数十百人,各自炫奇翻异,而甫无一不为之开先。”这样说,
不无夸张之处,但杜甫善于总结前人经验和善于创造,而开启了后代众多诗家、诗派,
却是无疑的事实。
(中国文学史,章培恒 骆玉明,youth扫校)


Du Fu or Tu Fu was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty. Along with Li Bai (Li Po), he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His own greatest ambition was to help his country by becoming a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like the whole country, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and the last 15 years of his life were a time of almost constant unrest.
Initially little known, his works came to be hugely influential in both Chinese and Japanese culture. Of his poetic writing, nearly fifteen hundred poems written by Du Fu have been handed down over the ages. He has been called Poet-Historian and the Poet-Sage by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to Western readers as "the Chinese Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Wordsworth, Béranger, Hugo or Baudelaire".
Traditionally, Chinese literary criticism has placed great emphasis on knowledge of the life of the author when interpreting a work, a practice which Watson attributes to "the close links that traditional Chinese thought posits between art and morality". This becomes all the more important in the case of a writer such as Du Fu, in whose poems morality and history are so prominent. Another reason, identified by the Chinese historian William Hung, is that Chinese poems are typically extremely concise, omitting circumstantial factors which may be relevant, but which could be reconstructed by an informed contemporary. For modern western readers therefore, "The less accurately we know the time, the place and the circumstances in the background, the more liable we are to imagine it incorrectly, and the result will be that we either misunderstand the poem or fail to understand it altogether". Du Fu's life is therefore treated here in some detail.
Early years
Most of what is known of Du Fu’s life comes from his own poems. Like many other Chinese poets, he came from a noble family (they claimed descent from the emperor Yao) which had fallen into relative poverty (although Hung estimates that his family income was still eleven times that of an averagely comfortable family). He was born in 712: the exact birthplace is unknown, except that it was near Luoyang, Henan province (Gong county is a favourite candidate). In later life he considered himself to belong to the capital city of Chang'an.
Du Fu's mother died shortly after he was born, and he was partially raised by his aunt. He had an elder brother, who died young. He also had three half brothers and one half sister, to whom he frequently refers in his poems, although he never mentions his stepmother.
As the son of a minor scholar-official, his youth was spent on the standard education of a future civil servant: study and memorisation of the Confucian classics of philosophy, history and poetry. He later claimed to have produced creditable poems by his early teens, but these have been lost.
In the early 730s he travelled in the Jiangsu/Zhejiang area; his earliest surviving poem, describing a poetry contest, is thought to date from the end of this period, around 735. In that year he travelled to Chang'an to take the civil service exam but was unsuccessful, to his surprise and that of centuries of later critics. Hung concludes that he probably failed because his prose style at the time was too dense and obscure, while Chou suggests that his failure to cultivate connections in the capital may have been to blame. After this failure he went back to travelling, this time around Shandong and Hebei.
His father died around 740. Du Fu would have been allowed to enter the civil service because of his father's rank, but he is thought to have given up the privilege in favour of one of his half brothers. He spent the next four years living in the Luoyang area, fulfilling his duties in domestic affairs.
In the autumn of 744 he met Li Bai (Li Po) for the first time, and the two poets formed a somewhat one-sided friendship: Du Fu was by some years the younger, while Li Bai was already a poetic star. We have twelve poems to or about Li Bai from the younger poet, but only one in the other direction. They met again only once, in 745.
In 746 he moved to the capital in an attempt to resurrect his official career. He participated in a second exam the following year, but all the candidates were failed by the prime minister (apparently in order to prevent the emergence of possible rivals). Thereafter he never again attempted the examinations, instead petitioning the emperor directly in 751, 754 and probably again in 755. He married around 752, and by 757 the couple had had five children — three sons and two daughters — but one of the sons died in infancy in 755. From 754 he began to have lung problems (probably asthma), the first of a series of ailments which dogged him for the rest of his life. It was in that year that Du Fu was forced to move his family due to the turmoil of a famine brought about by massive floods in the region.
In 755 he finally received an appointment as Registrar of the Right Commandant's office of the Crown Prince's Palace. Although this was a minor post, in normal times it would have been at least the start of an official career. Even before he had begun work, however, the position was swept away by events.
War
The An Lushan Rebellion began in December 755, and was not completely crushed for almost eight years. It caused enormous disruption to Chinese society: the census of 754 recorded 52.9 million people, but that of 764 just 16.9 million, the remainder having been killed or displaced. During this time, Du Fu led a largely itinerant life, being kept unsettled by wars, associated famines and imperial displeasure. This period of unhappiness, however, was the making of Du Fu as a poet: Eva Shan Chou has written that, "What he saw around him– the lives of his family, neighbors, and strangers– what he heard, and what he hoped for or feared from the progress of various campaigns– these became the enduring themes of his poetry". Even when he learned of the death of his youngest child, he turned to the suffering of others in his poetry instead of dwelling upon his own misfortunes. Du Fu wrote:
"Brooding on what I have lived through, if even I know such suffering, the common man must surely be rattled by the winds."
In 756 Emperor Xuanzong was forced to flee the capital and abdicate. Du Fu, who had been away from the city, took his family to a place of safety and attempted to join up with the court of the new emperor (Suzong), but he was captured by the rebels and taken to Chang’an. In the autumn, his youngest son Du Zongwu (Baby Bear) was born. Around this time Du Fu is thought to have contracted malaria.
He escaped from Chang'an the following year, and was appointed Reminder when he rejoined the court in May 757. This post gave access to the emperor, but was largely ceremonial. Du Fu's conscientiousness compelled him to try to make use of it: he soon caused trouble for himself by protesting against the removal of his friend and patron Fang Guan on a petty charge; he was then himself arrested, but was pardoned in June. He was granted leave to visit his family in September, but he soon rejoined the court and on December 8, 757, he returned to Chang’an with the emperor following its recapture by government forces. However, his advice continued to be unappreciated, and in the summer of 758 he was demoted to a post as Commissioner of Education in Huazhou. The position was not to his taste: in one poem, he wrote:
"I am about to scream madly in the office/Especially when they bring more papers to pile higher on my desk."
He moved on again in the summer of 759; this has traditionally been ascribed to famine, but Hung believes that frustration is a more likely reason. He next spent around six weeks in Qinzhou (now Tianshui, Gansu province), where he wrote over sixty poems.
Chengdu
In 760 he arrived in Chengdu (Sichuan province), where he based himself for most of the next five years. By the autumn of that year he was in financial trouble, and sent poems begging help to various acquaintances. He was relieved by Yen Wu, a friend and former colleague who was appointed governor general at Chengdu. Despite his financial problems, this was one of the happiest and most peaceful periods of his life, and many of his poems from this period are peaceful depictions of his life in his famous "thatched hut". In 762 he left the city to escape a rebellion, but he returned in the summer of 764 and was appointed military advisor to Yen, who was involved in campaigns against the Tibetans.
Last years
Luoyang, the region of his birthplace, was recovered by government forces in the winter of 762, and in the spring of 765 Du Fu and his family sailed down the Yangtze, apparently with the intention of making their way back there. They travelled slowly, held up by his ill-health (by this time he was suffering from poor eyesight, deafness and general old age in addition to his previous ailments). They stayed in Kuizhou (now Baidi, Chongqing) at the entrance to the Three Gorges for almost two years from late spring 766. This period was Du Fu's last great poetic flowering, and here he wrote 400 poems in his dense, late style. In autumn 766 Bo Maolin became governor of the region: he supported Du Fu financially and employed him as his unofficial secretary.
In March 768 he began his journey again and got as far as Hunan province, where he died in Tanzhou (now Changsha) in November or December 770, in his 59th year. He was survived by his wife and two sons, who remained in the area for some years at least. His last known descendant is a grandson who requested a grave inscription for the poet from Yuan Zhen in 813.
Hung summarises his life by concluding that, "He appeared to be a filial son, an affectionate father, a generous brother, a faithful husband, a loyal friend, a dutiful official, and a patriotic subject."
Works
Criticism of Du Fu's works has focused on his strong sense of history, his moral engagement, and his technical excellence.
History
Since the Song dynasty Du Fu has been called by critics the "poet historian" (詩史 shī shǐ). The most directly historical of his poems are those commenting on military tactics or the successes and failures of the government, or the poems of advice which he wrote to the emperor. Indirectly, he wrote about the effect of the times in which he lived on himself, and on the ordinary people of China. As Watson notes, this is information "of a kind seldom found in the officially compiled histories of the era".
Du Fu's political comments are based on emotion rather than calculation: his prescriptions have been paraphrased as, "Let us all be less selfish, let us all do what we are supposed to do". Since his views were impossible to disagree with, however, his forcefully expressed truisms enabled his installation as the central figure of Chinese poetic history.
Moral engagement
A second favourite epithet of Chinese critics is that of "poet sage" (詩聖 shī shèng), a counterpart to the philosophical sage, Confucius. One of the earliest surviving works, The Song of the Wagons (from around 750), gives voice to the sufferings of a conscript soldier in the imperial army, even before the beginning of the rebellion; this poem brings out the tension between the need of acceptance and fulfilment of one's duties, and a clear-sighted consciousness of the suffering which this can involve. These themes are continuously articulated in the poems on the lives of both soldiers and civilians which Du Fu produced throughout his life.
Although Du Fu's frequent references to his own difficulties can give the impression of an all-consuming solipsism, Hawkes argues that his "famous compassion in fact includes himself, viewed quite objectively and almost as an afterthought". He therefore "lends grandeur" to the wider picture by comparing it to "his own slightly comical triviality".
Du Fu's compassion, for himself and for others, was part of his general broadening of the scope of poetry: he devoted many works to topics which had previously been considered unsuitable for poetic treatment. Zhang Jie wrote that for Du Fu, "everything in this world is poetry", and he wrote extensively on subjects such as domestic life, calligraphy, paintings, animals and other poems.
Technical excellence
Du Fu's work is notable above all for its range. Chinese critics traditionally used the term 集大成 (jídàchéng- "complete symphony"), a reference to Mencius' description of Confucius. Yuan Zhen was the first to note the breadth of Du Fu's achievement, writing in 813 that his predecessor, "united in his work traits which previous men had displayed only singly". He mastered all the forms of Chinese poetry: Chou says that in every form he "either made outstanding advances or contributed outstanding examples". Furthermore, his poems use a wide range of registers, from the direct and colloquial to the allusive and self-consciously literary. The tenor of his work changed as he developed his style and adapted to his surroundings ("chameleon-like" according to Watson): his earliest works are in a relatively derivative, courtly style, but he came into his own in the years of the rebellion. Owen comments on the "grim simplicity" of the Qinzhou poems, which mirrors the desert landscape; the works from his Chengdu period are "light, often finely observed"; while the poems from the late Kuizhou period have a "density and power of vision".
Although he wrote in all poetic forms, Du Fu is best known for his lǜshi, a type of poem with strict constraints on the form and content of the work. About two thirds of his 1500 extant works are in this form, and he is generally considered to be its leading exponent. His best lǜshi use the parallelisms required by the form to add expressive content rather than as mere technical restrictions. Hawkes comments that, "it is amazing that Tu Fu is able to use so immensely stylized a form in so natural a manner".
Influence
In his lifetime, and immediately following his death, Du Fu was not greatly appreciated. In part this can be attributed to his stylistic and formal innovations, some of which are still "considered extremely daring and bizarre by Chinese critics". There are few contemporary references to him — only eleven poems from six writers — and these describe him in terms of affection, but not as a paragon of poetic or moral ideals. Du Fu is also poorly represented in contemporary anthologies of poetry.
However, as Hung notes, he "is the only Chinese poet whose influence grew with time", and in the ninth century he began to increase in popularity. Early positive comments came from Bai Juyi, who praised the moral sentiments of some of Du Fu's works (although he found these in only a small fraction of the poems), and from Han Yu, who wrote a piece defending Du Fu and Li Bai on aesthetic grounds from attacks made against them. By the beginning of the 10th century, Wei Zhuang had constructed the first replica of his thatched cottage in Sichuan.
It was in the 11th century, during the Northern Song era that Du Fu's reputation reached its peak. In this period a comprehensive re-evaluation of earlier poets took place, in which Wang Wei, Li Bai and Du Fu came to be regarded as representing respectively the Buddhist, Taoist and Confucian strands of Chinese culture. At the same time, the development of Neo-Confucianism ensured that Du Fu, as its poetic exemplar, occupied the paramount position. Su Shi famously expressed this reasoning when he wrote that Du Fu was "preeminent... because... through all his vicissitudes, he never for the space of a meal forgot his sovereign". His influence was helped by his ability to reconcile apparent opposites: political conservatives were attracted by his loyalty to the established order, while political radicals embraced his concern for the poor. Literary conservatives could look to his technical mastery, while literary radicals were inspired by his innovations. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Du Fu's loyalty to the state and concern for the poor have been interpreted as embryonic nationalism and socialism, and he has been praised for his use of simple, "people's language".
Du Fu's popularity grew to such an extent that it is as hard to measure his influence as that of Shakespeare in England: it was hard for any Chinese poet not to be influenced by him. While there was never another Du Fu, individual poets followed in the traditions of specific aspects of his work: Bai Juyi's concern for the poor, Lu You's patriotism, and Mei Yaochen's reflections on the quotidian are a few examples. More broadly, Du Fu's work in transforming the lǜshi from mere word play into "a vehicle for serious poetic utterance" set the stage for every subsequent writer in the genre.
Du Fu has also been influential beyond China, although in common with the other High Tang poets, his reception into the Japanese literary culture was relatively late. It was not until the 17th century that he was accorded the same respect in Japan as in China, but he then had a particular influence on Matsuo Bashō. In the 20th century, he was the favourite poet of Kenneth Rexroth, who has described him as "the greatest non-epic, non dramatic poet who has survived in any language", and commented that, "he has made me a better man, as a moral agent and as a perceiving organism".
Translation
There have been a number of notable translations of Du Fu’s work into English. The translators have each had to contend with the same problems of bringing out the formal constraints of the original without sounding laboured to the western ear (particularly when translating lǜshi), and of dealing with the allusions contained particularly in the later works (Hawkes writes that "his poems do not as a rule come through very well in translation" — p. ix). One extreme on each issue is represented by Kenneth Rexroth’s One Hundred Poems From the Chinese. His are free translations, which seek to conceal the parallelisms through enjambement and expansion and contraction of the content; his responses to the allusions are firstly to omit most of these poems from his _select_ion, and secondly to “translate out” the references in those works which he does _select_.
An example of the opposite approach is Burton Watson's The _Select_ed Poems of Du Fu. Watson follows the parallelisms quite strictly, persuading the western reader to adapt to the poems rather than vice versa. Similarly, he deals with the allusion of the later works by combining literal translation with extensive annotation.
zuòzhě: liú xué kǎi Liu Xuekai
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
杜甫
Du Fu
zuòzhě: hái zhū lóu zhù Hai Zhulouzhu
杜甫
  zuò zhěhái zhū lóu zhù
   huí luò mǎn cháng 'ān  cán zhào fēng  hàn jiā líng jué  fēn jīn zhì   tuī jīn hán   lǎo xīn cháng
   'èr huí  shì gèng zhī  sān jué chuāng gāo shì huà  wēi yuán   cháng tíng zǒu jiāo qíng
   sān huí  jǐng zhèng diāo nián  rǎn yān yún wéi yòu 'è  kǎo gōng réng xià   shī chéng zhū cháng pín
   huí  gāo tuō fēng chén  dǒu jiǔ zhǐ zhēn yuǎn bié  qīng huī lián   zhēn shēng gǎn shēn qíng
   huí  xiàn dào gōng tíng  miào cái wéi dāng shì zhòng  gōng qīn lǒng   zhōng huái shǐ gòng rén zhī
   liù huí  jiàn xián yáng qiáo  cǎn tiān  āi hóng zài dào  tóng chéng   cháng luò   yǒu bān jīng
   huí  xuě xíng zhōu  yīn lǐng guāng hán lín   jiāng shī wěi   zhū mén ròu chòu jiǔ miǎn
   huí  huò qiú shēn  líng lián shàng sān   shuǐ biān duō yǐng  děng xián shǎng jiāng huā
   jiǔ huí  fáng chéngxiàng chēn  zhuì diàn zhū shí  shuí wéi jīng guó shǒu  qiānshèng wàn zǒng bēn
   shí huí  zéi féng rén  xìng néng tuō shēn xíng zài  xié jiàn tiān   shǐ guī jiā wèi 'ér
   huí  hèn yǐn shēn gōng  nán nèi liáng shāng 'è   mín jiān duō   líng tíng lèi xiě xīn shī
Du Fu》
shīrén: jūn Xu Jun

  wàn piāo líng shēnshī hún zhōng mán huàn huā cūn
   níng pín níng dòng níng fàn céng wàng zhì zūn
dù fǔ dù fǔ
杜甫 dù fǔ
  (712—770) táng dài zhù míng shī rén xiāng yáng , shēng nán gǒng xiàn měi , hào shǎo líng lǎoshì chēng shǎo líng bèi gōng rèn wéi táng dài lái zuì wěi de shī rén zhī zhù yòu shǎo líng
No. 6
杜甫
   (712-770) : táng dài shī rén měi chēng shǎo líng lǎo xiāng yáng ( jīn shǔ běi ), shēng gǒng xiàn ( jīn nán gǒng shì )。 zǎo nián màn yóu hòu cháng 'ān duō niánān shǐ zhī luàn zhōng táo cháng 'ān chéng jiàn cǎo tángcéng rèn jiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài lángshì chēng gōng bái míngbìng chēng shī zuò jiē shè huì máo dùnfǎn yìng mín shēng xiǎn shì liǎo táng dài yóu shèng 'ér shuāi de shǐbèi chēng wéishī shǐ”。 shī fēng chén dùn cuò yán jīng liàn。《 bīng chē xíng》、《 jīng fèng xiān xiàn yǒng huái bǎi 》、《 sān 》、《 sān bié》、《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》、《 qiū xīng》、《 dēng gāoděng shījiē wéi rén chuán sòngyòu gōng 》。
jiǎn jiè About Du Fu
杜甫简介
   ( 712~770), měi hào shǎo líng lǎo hào líng lǎo líng shì chēng shǎo líng gōng hàn běi xiāng yángjīn běi shěng xiāng fán shì), shēng zhōng guó nán shěng gǒng xiànjīn gǒng shì)。 lěi yáng shìjīn lěi yáng yòu nán shěng zhòng diǎn wén bǎo dān wèi héng héng gōng líng qiáo líng shū yuàn děng zhǐzài zhǐ de chǔ shàng yòu gōng yuán dài jǐn gōng yǒng duō liù shí shǒuhái yòu chéng cǎo táng
   shēng kǎn shì guó táng dài wěi de xiàn shí zhù shī rénshì jiè wén huà míng rén bái bìng chēng ”。 céng rèn zuǒ shí jiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài lángyīn hòu shì chēng gōng shī jiàn chángfēng duō yàng , chén dùn cuò zhǔn què gài kuò chū zuò pǐn de fēng ér chén wéi zhù shēng huó zài táng cháo yóu shèng zhuǎn shuāi de shǐ shí shī duō shè shè huì dòng dàngzhèng zhì hēi 'ànrén mín de shī bèi wéishī shǐhòu rén zūn chēng wéishī shèng”。 yōu guó yōu mínrén gāo shàngshī jīng zhàn shēng xiě shī qiān bǎi duō shǒu zhōng hěn duō shì chuán sòng qiān de míng piān sān sān bié”, bìng yòu gōng chuán shì zhōngsān wéishí háo 》《 xīn 'ān tóng guān 》,“ sān biéwéixīn hūn bié》《 jiā biéchuí lǎo bié》。 de shī piān liú chuán shù liàng shì táng shī zuì duō zuì guǎng fàn deshì táng dài zuì jié chū de shī rén zhī duì hòu shì yǐng xiǎng shēn yuǎn
   de yuǎn wéi jìn dài gōng míng xiǎn de zēngzǔ céng rèn gǒng lìng zhí shì chū táng shī rén shěn yán guān zhì shàn yuán wài láng qiě yòu de zìzhuànqīng nián shí céng yóu guò jīn jiāng zhè jiāng běishān dōng dàibìng liǎng huì jiàn báiliǎng rén jié xià shēn hòu de yǒu qīn xián yòu fèng tiān lìng zhí
   shì yuǎn fáng zōng qīntóng wéi jìn cháo miè sūn de dàjiàng zhī hòu wéi 'èr shí shì sūn)。
shēng píng Du Fu's life
   shēng zàifèng shǒu guānbìng yòu wén xué chuán tǒng de jiā tíng zhōngshì zhù míng shī rén shěn yán zhī sūn。 7 suì xué shī, 15 suì yáng míng shēng zhìzhǐ zuò guò xiē zuǒ shí děng xiǎo guānsuī rán hòu shì bèi chēng wéishī shèng”, shī bèi chēng wéishī shǐ”, zài táng cháo dāng shí bìng méi yòu dào rén men de zhòng shìyòu shǒu wéi liù jué 'èr)》 jiù shì xiěchū táng jiéde:“ wáng yáng luò dāng shí qīng wéi wén shěn wèi xiūěr cáo shēn míng miè fèi jiāng wàn liú。” zhōng yòu shī rén de ér de jīng hèshī chuàng zuò zhù yào fēn wéi shí
   shū màn yóu shí sān shí suì qián
   suǒ wèifàng dàng zhào jiānqiú qīng kuáng”。
   kāi yuán shí jiǔ niánshí 'èr shí suìshǐ màn yóu yuè, 5 nián zhī hòu guī luò yáng yìng zhī hòu zài màn yóu zhàozhī hòu zài luò yáng báiliǎng rén xiāng jiàn hèn wǎnjié xià liǎo shēn hòu yǒu 'ér yòu gāo shìsān rén tóng yóu liángsòngjīn kāi fēngshāng qiū), hòu lái yòu dào zhōufēn shǒu hòu yòu dōng zài fēn biézhè biàn shìshī xiānshī shèngde zuì hòu xiāng jiàn
   èrkùn cháng 'ān shí sān shí zhì shí suì
    zhè shí xiān zài cháng 'ān yìng shìluò dāng cháo zǎixiàng lín wèile dào quán qīng cháo de mùdìjìng rán xiàng táng xuán zōng shuō rén zhòngjǔhòu lái xiàng huáng xiàn xiàng guì rén tóu zèngguò zhecháo kòu 'ér mén suí féi chéncán bēi lěng zhìdào chù qián bēi xīnde shēng huózuì hòu cái dào yòu wèi shuài zhòu cáo cān jūnzhù yào shì kānshǒu bīng jiá zhàng suǒ chíde xiǎo guānzhè jiān xiě liǎobīng chē xíng》、《 rén xíngděng píng shí zhèngfěng quán guì de shī piānér jīng fèng xiān xiàn yǒng huái bǎi yóu wéi zhù míngbiāo zhì zhe jīng shí niáncháng'ān kùn shēng huó hòu duì cháo tíng zhèng zhìshè huì xiàn shí de rèn shí dào liǎo xīn de gāo
  
   sānxiàn zéi wéi guān shí shí zhì shí suì
    ān shǐ zhī luàn bào tóng guān shī shǒu jiā 'ān zhì zài zhōu tóu zōngzhōng wéi 'ān shǐ pàn jūn huò dào cháng 'ān miàn duì hùn luàn de cháng 'āntīng dào guān jūn zài bài tuì de xiāo xiě chéngyuè 》、《 chūn wàng》、《 āi jiāng tóu》、 děng shīhòu lái qián táo dào fèng xiáng xíng zàizuò zuǒ shí yóu zhōng yán zhí jiànshàng shū wéi zǎixiàng fáng guǎn shì bèi biǎn huá zhōu gōng cān jūnfáng guǎn shàn kāng kǎi chén wéi diǎn xíng de zhī shí fènzǐdàn bùqiè shí pàn jūn zhàncǎi yòng chūn qiū zhèn jiēguǒ bài zōng wèn zuì shǐ wéi zuǒ shí shàng shū yán fáng guǎn zuì zōng wèn zuìxìng tuō)。 hòu yòng shī de xíng shì de jiàn wén zhēn shí xià láichéng wéi xiǔ de zuò pǐnsān ”、“ sān bié”。
  “ sān ”: wéishí háo 》、《 xīn 'ān 》、《 tóng guān 》;“ sān bié”: wéixīn hūn bié》、《 jiā bié》、《 chuí lǎo bié》。
   nán piào shí shí zhì shí suì
    suí zhe jiǔ jié guān jūn zài xiāng zhōu bài guān huāng guānxié jiā suí rén mín táonànjīng qín zhōutóng děng dào liǎo chéng guò liǎo duàn jiào 'ān dìng de shēng huóyán cháoshǔ zhōng jūn zuò luàn piào liú dào zhōulàng zhōuhòu yán wéi jiàn nán jié shǐ shè chéng tóu wǎng yányán zài piāo zài kuí zhōu zhù liǎng nián yòu piào liú dào běi nán dàibìng zài xiāng jiāng shàngzhè shí zuò pǐn yòuchūn 》、《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》、《 shǔ xiāng》、《 wén guān jūn shōu nán běi》、《 dēng gāo》、《 dēng yuè yáng lóuděng liàng míng zuò zhōng zuì wéi zhù míng de shī wéi:“ ān guǎng shà qiān wàn jiān tiān xià hán shì huān yán。” érdēng gāozhōng de:“ biān luò xiāo xiāo xià jìn cháng jiāng gǔn gǔn láigèng shì qiān jué chàng
   duì hòu shì de yǐng xiǎng
   shàn yùn yòng diǎn shī de duō zhìbìng jiā chuàng zào xìng zhǎn shì hàn shī de kāi rén de yuèfǔ shī chéng liǎo zhōng táng shí xīn yùn dòng de zhǎn de cháng piān shī shǐzhǎn kāi ér yòu zhuólì quán piān de huí xuán wǎng biāo zhì zhe guó shī shù de gāo chéng jiù zài shàng biǎo xiàn chū xiǎn zhù de chuàng zào xìng lěi liǎo guān shēng duì zhàngliàn liàn děng wán zhěng de shù jīng yànshǐ zhè cái dào wán quán chéng shú de jiē duàn
xiǎng Du Fu's thought
   de xiǎng xīn shì jiā de rén zhèng xiǎng yòuzhì jūn yáo shùn shàngzài shǐ fēng chúnde hóng wěi bào 'ài shēng huó 'ài rén mín 'ài guó de hǎo shān 'è chóuduì cháo tíng de bàishè huì shēng huó zhōng de hēi 'àn xiàn xiàng jǐyǔ jiē píng tóng qíng rén mínshèn zhì qíng yuàn wéi jiě jiù rén mín de nán gān yuàn zuò shēngsuǒ de shī chuàng zuòshǐ zhōng guàn chuānzhuó yōu guó yōu mín zhè tiáo zhù xiàn zuì tōng de lǎo bǎi xìng wéi zhùjuéyóu jiàn de wěi de shī yòu fēng de shè huì nèi róngqiáng liè de shí dài cǎi xiān míng de zhèng zhì qīng xiàngzhēn shí shēn fǎn yìng liǎo 'ān shǐ zhī luàn qián hòu shǐ shí dài zhèng zhì shí shì guǎng kuò de shè huì shēng huó huà miànyīn 'ér bèi chēng wéi dàishī shǐ”。 shī fēng běn shàng shìchén dùn cuò”, yán piān zhāng jié gòu yòu biàn huàjiǎng qiú liàn liàn tóng shí shī jiān bèi zhòng chú wàihái xiě liǎo shǎo pái ào shù shǒu duō zhǒng duō yàngshì táng shī xiǎng shù de chéng zhě hái chéng liǎo hàn wèi yuèfǔgǎn 'āi yuán shì 'ér de jīng shénbǎi tuō yuèfǔ de shù chuàng zuò liǎo shǎo shì míng piān bàngde xīn yuèfǔ zhù míng desān ”、“ sān biéděng hòu shòu dào fán huànghán yuán zhěnbái děng rén de yáng shī duì yuán bái dexīn yùn dòngde wén xiǎng shāng yǐn de jìn fěng shí shì shī yǐng xiǎng shèn shēndàn shī shòu dào guǎng fàn zhòng shìshì zài sòng hòuwáng chēngwáng 'ān shí shìhuáng tíng jiān yóu děng rén duì tuī chóng bèi zhìwén tiān xiáng gèng shī wéi jiān shǒu mín jié de jīng shén liàng shī de yǐng xiǎngcóng dào jīnzǎo chāo chū wén de fàn wéishēng píng xiáng jiànjiù táng shūjuàn jiǔ líng
   suī rán shì xiàn shí zhù shī réndàn shì yòu kuáng fàng de miàncóng míng zuòyǐn zhōng xiān jiù nán kàn chū de háo gān yún
sān sān bié Three other three officials
  “ sān ”、“ sān biéfēn bié wéixīn 'ān 》《 shí háo 》《 tóng guān 》《 xīn hūn bié》《 chuí lǎo bié》《 jiā bié》, shì xiàn shí zhù shī de jié zuò zhēn shí miáo xiě liǎo dìng huán jìng xià de xiàn guān lǎo lǎo wēngxīn niànzhēng děng rén de xiǎnggǎn qíngxíng dòng yánshēng dòng fǎn yìng liǎo shí de shè huì xiàn shí guǎng láo dòng rén mín shēn zhòng de zāinàn tòng zhǎn shì gěi rén men cǎn de rén shēng bēi zài zhè xiē rén shēng nán de miáo shù zhōng fāng miànshī rén duì bǎo shòu nán de rén mín shēn shēn de tóng qíngduì guān gěi rén mín de hài shēn 'è tòng juélìng fāng miàn yòu yōng wáng cháo de píng luàn zhàn zhēng wàng rén mín rěn shòu nán wáng cháo zuò píng dìng pàn luànzhè zhǒng máo dùn de xiǎng shì shī rén yōu guó yōu mín de xiǎng miàn mào de
   chéng jiāo huàn huā pàn de cǎo tángshì dào chéng hòu de zhù suǒ
   táng nián (769 nián ), yóu běi xiāngdēng yuè yáng lóuyóu dòng tíng xiāng jiāng 'ér shàngzhì lěi yáng nián yuè bìng jiù táng shū . chuánjìzǎi zài lěi yáng yóu yuè miào,“ shuǐ zhìshè xún shíxiàn lìng kuì sòng niú ròu bái jiǔ yǐn guò duō 'ér ”, zàng
shǐ chuán lùn shù Discusses the history of mass
  《 xīn táng shū · chuán
   zuò zhěōu yáng xiū sòng zhāi xīn táng shū · wén chuán
   měishǎo pín zhèn yuè zhào jiān yōng cáixiān wǎng jiàn zhī jìn shì zhōng kùn cháng 'ān
   tiān bǎo shí sānzǎixuán zōng cháo xiàn tài qīng gōngxiǎng miào jiāo zòu sān piān zhīshǐ dài zhì xián yuànmìng zǎixiàng shì wén zhāngzhuó wèi bàigǎi yòu wèi shuài zhòu cáo cān jūnshù shàng sòngyīn gāo chēng dàoqiě yán:“ xiān chén shù láichéng shǒu guān shí shìdài shěn yán wén zhāng xiǎn zhōng zōng shíchén lài suì zhǔcíqiě shí niánrán gài cháng shí rénqiè kǒng zhuǎn gōu wéi tiān 'āi lián zhīruò lìng zhí xiān chén shì zhī jiǔ chén zhī shù zuò suī chuīliù jīng》, zhì shěn dùn cuòsuí shí mǐn gěiyáng xióngméi gāo yòu chén xià rěn zhī?”
   huì shān luàntiān shǔ zǒu sān chuān zōng zhōu léi bēn xíng zàiwéi zéi suǒ zhì 'èr niánwáng zǒu fèng xiáng shàng bài yòu shí fáng guǎn wéi jiāoguǎn shí bài chén tāo xiéyòu dǒng tíng lán zǎixiàng shàng shū yán:“ zuì miǎn chén。” zhào sān qīn wènzǎixiàng zhāng gǎo yuē:“ ruò zuìjué yán zhě 。” nǎi jiě xièqiě chēng:“ guǎn zǎixiàng shǎo shù wéi chún yòu chén shí lùn guǎn cái kān gōng xià guǒ wěi 'ér xiàngzhīguān shēn niàn zhù yōu xíng rán xìng shī jiǎn shì qíntíng lán tuō guǎn mén xiàpín hūn lǎo wéi fēiguǎn 'ài rén qíng zhì diàn chén tàn gōng míng wèi jiùzhì cuò xià suǒ mào chēng shùshè jìn jié wéi shèng xīn xià shè chén bǎi zài hái tiān xià zhī xìngfēi chén méng。” rán shì shèn shěng
   shí suǒ zài kòu duó jiā nián jiān ruò zhì 'è yīn wǎng xǐngshìcóng hái jīng shīchū wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūnguān zhé guān qín zhōu xīn cǎi xiàng zìjǐliú luò jiàn nánjié chéng guōzhào jīng zhào gōng cáo cān jūn zhìhuì yán jié jiàn nán dōng chuānwǎng yān zài shuài jiàn nánbiǎo wéi cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng shì jiùdài shèn shànqīn zhì jiā jiàn zhīhuò shí jīnér xìng biǎn zào 'ào dàncháng zuì dēng chuángdèng shì yuē:“ yán tǐng zhī nǎi yòu 'ér!” bào měngwài ruò bùwèi zhōng xián zhī shā zhōu shǐ zhāng mén jiāng chūguān gōu lián sānzuǒ yòu bái bēn jiù zhǐ shā cuī gàn děng luàn wǎng lái kuí jiān
   zhōngchū tángxià jiāng líng yuánxiāng dēng héng shānyīn lěi yángyóu yuè shuǐ zhìshè xún shíxiàn lìng zhōu yíng zhīnǎi háilìng cháng kuì niú zhì bái jiǔ zuì nián shí jiǔ
   kuàng fàng jiǎnhǎo lùn tiān xià shìgāo 'ér bùqièshǎo bái míngshí hào ”。 cháng cóng bái gāo shì guò biàn zhōujiǔ hān dēng chuī táikāng kǎi huái rén shù cháng kòu luàntǐng jié suǒ wéi shīshāng shí ráo ruòqíng wàng jūnrén lián zhōng yún
   zàn yuētáng xīngshī rén chéng chénsuí fēng liú xiāng jīnzhì sòng zhī wènshěn quán děngyán chuài shēng yīn qiē bùchàér hào shī”, jìng xiāng yándài kāi yuán jiānshāo cái zhèngrán shì huá zhě zhì fǎnhǎo zhě zhuàng wéirén gàijiē míng suǒ chángzhì hún hán wāng mángqiān huì wàn zhuàngjiān jīn 'ér yòu zhī rén nǎi yàn cán gāo shèng zhān gài hòu rén duō yuán zhěn wèi:“ shī rén láiwèi yòu měi zhě。” yòu shàn chén shí shì qiē jīng shēnzhì qiān yán shǎo shuāishì hàoshī shǐ”。 chāng hán wén zhāng shèn zhì shī tuī yuē:“ wén zhāng zàiguāng yàn wàn zhàng cháng。” chéng xìn yún
  《 jiù táng shū · chuán
   měiběn xiāng yáng rénhòu nán gǒng xiànzēngzǔ wèi zhōng gǒng lìng shěn yánzhōng shàn yuán wài láng yòu chuán xiánzhōng fèng tiān lìng
   tiān bǎo chūzhùyìng wéi kāi yuán yìng jìn shì tiān bǎo xiàn sān xuán zōng zhīzhào shì wén zhāngshòu jīng zhào bīng cáo cān jūnzhùyìng wéi yòu wèi shuài cān jūn)。 shí wǔzǎi shān xiàn jīng shī zōng zhēng bīng líng jīng shī xiāo dùn zhùshí wèi cháng dào ), zōng péng yuánzhùyìng wéi fèng xiáng), bài yòu shí zhùyìng wéi zuǒ shí )。 fáng wáng guān wéi shí shànshíwáng guānwéi zǎixiàngqǐng shuài shī tǎo zéi zhīshì nián shí yuè,〔 wáng guānbīng bài chén tāo xiémíng nián chūn,〔 wáng guān xiāng shàng shū yánwáng guānyòu cái miǎn zōng biǎnwáng guānwéi shǐchū wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūnshí guān luàn shí yǒng guì chéng zhōu tóng xiànzhùchéng zhōu zhī shàng lòu qín zhōu), xīn cǎi 〕, ér 'è piǎo zhě shù rénjiǔ zhīzhào jīng zhào gōng cáozhùgōng gōng cáo zhī mìng dài zōng guǎng yuán nián làng jiànshì)。
   shàng yuán 'èr nián dōnghuáng mén shì láng zhèng guó gōng yán zhèn chéng zhù fán liǎng zhèn chéng zài shàng yuán 'èr nián mián zhōu shǐ qiān dōng chuān jié jiān chú chuānzhì huáng mén shì láng zài shuài jiàn nánnǎi dài zōng guǎng 'èr nián shì), zòu wéi jié cān móujiǎn xiào shàng shū gōng yuán wài láng fēi dàizhù zài yán zài zhèn hòufēi shàng yuán )。 shì jiùdài shèn lóng xìng biǎn zào shì 'ēn fàng cháng píng zuì dēng zhī chuángdèng shì yuē:“ yán tǐng zhī nǎi yòu 'ér!” suī bào wéi chéng huàn huā zhǒng zhú zhí shùjié zhěn jiāngzòng jiǔ xiào yǒng tián lǎo xiāng xiá dàng jiǎnyán guò zhīyòu shí guān 'ào dàn yǒng tài yuán nián xià suǒ gōng zhī shǔ dōng xíng gōng shī zhèng zhīdāng zài yán wèi zhī qián)。
   guō yīng dài zhèn chéng yīng rén bào néng nài yóu dōng shǔ gāo shìzhùshí shì guān jīng cháo zài dōng shǔgōng wèi shì)。 zhì 'ér shì shì suìcuī níng shā yīng yáng lín gōng chuānshǔ zhōng luàn jiā luàn jīng chǔzhù shǔ hòu kuí qiě 'èr niánshǐ lòu), piānzhōu xià xiáwèi wéi zhōu 'ér jiāng líng luànnǎi yán xiāng liúyóu héng shān lěi yáng cháng yóu yuè miàowéi bào shuǐ suǒ xún shílěi yáng lìng zhī zhī zhào zhōu yíng 'ér háiyǒng tài 'èr niánzhùdāng zuò 'èr nián), dàn niú ròu bái jiǔ 'ér lěi yángshí nián shí yòu jiǔ zōng liú luò xiāng 'ér yuán zhōngzōng lěi yáng qiān zhī jiùguī zàng yǎn shī běi shǒu yáng shān zhī qián
   tiān bǎo shī rén bái míngér bái wén fàng chuòyòu fàn shān tóu zhī cháo qiàozhùtángběn shì shīyúntài bái yuē:“ fàn shān tóu féng tóu dài zhuó jiè wèn bié lái tài shòu shēngzǒng wéi cóng qián zuò shī 。” gài shù shī tài bái zài xìn)。 yuán zhōng rén yuán zhěn lùn zhī yōu liè hòu zhǔwén zhě zhěn lùn wèishì
   guó xué bǎo diǎn héng héng
  [ yòu míng gōng shī shèng ] měi xiān xiāng yáng rénzēngzǔ wéi gǒng lìngyīn gǒng tiān bǎo chū yìng jìn shì hòu xiànsān 》, míng huáng zhīzhào shì wén zhāngshòu jīng zhào bīng cáo cān jūnān shān xiàn jīng shī zōng wèi líng zéi zhōng dùn xíng zàibài zuǒ shí lùn jiù fáng guǎnchū wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūnguān luàn tóng zhōu tóng xiànshēn xīn cǎi bèi gěijiǔ zhīzhào jīng zhào gōng cáodào yán zhèn chéng zòu wéi cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng fēi shì jiùdài shèn hòunǎi chéng huàn huā zhǒng zhú zhí shùzhěn jiāng jié zòng jiǔ xiào zhōng suǒ nǎi zhī dōng shǔ jiù gāo shì zhì 'ér shì shì suìshǔ shuài xiāng gōng shāshǔ rǎo xié jiā luàn jīng chǔpiānzhōu xià xiáwèi wéi zhōu 'ér jiāng líng luànnǎi yán xiāng liúyóu héng shān lěi yáng nián shí jiǔyuán zhōngguī zàng yǎn shī shǒu yáng shānyuán zhěn zhì tiān bǎo jiān bái míngshí chēng rán yuán zhěn zhī yán yuē:“ bái zhuàng làng zòng bǎi shùchéng cījiān měi zhì ruò chén zhōng shǐpái shēng yùn huò qiān yán yóu shù bǎi háo màiér fēngtiáo qīng shēnzhǔduì qiēér tuō fán jìn shàng néng fān hànkuàng táng 'ào 。” bái yún:“ shī guàn chuān jīnjìn gōng jìn shàndài guò 。” yuánbái zhī lùn gài chū chù láo bēi fènhǎo xián 'è 'è jiàn zhī shīér yòu zhōng jūn yōu guóshāng shí niàn luàn wéi běn zhǐ shī zhī shì dāng shí wèi zhīshī shǐ”。 jiù shī wén gòng liù shí juànjīn biān shī shí jiǔ juàn
nián Du Chronicle
   rén ruì zōng tài xuán zōng xiān tiān ), shēng nán gǒng xiàn
  717 dīng xuán zōng kāi yuán liù suìcháng zhì yǎn chéngguān gōng sūn niàn jiàn hún tuō」。
  71 xuán zōng kāi yuán liù suìshǐ zuò shī wén
  72 gēng shēn xuán zōng kāi yuán jiǔ suìshǐ
  72 chǒu xuán zōng kāi yuán sān shí suìzhuàng yóu shī yuē:「 nián shí chū yóu hàn chǎng wén cuī wèi cóng bān yáng。」 yuán zhùcuī zhèng zhōu shàngwèi zhōu xīn
  72 bǐng yín xuán zōng kāi yuán shí suìbǎi yōu xíng yuē:「 nián shí xīn shàng háijiàn huáng zǒu láitíng qián yuè zǎo shú shàng shù néng qiān huí。」
  7 gēng xuán zōng kāi yuán shí jiǔ suìyóu jìnzhì huán xiájīn shān shì xiàn), cóng wéi zhī jìn kòu yóu
  731 xīn wèi xuán zōng kāi yuán jiǔ èr shí suìyóu yuè
  732 rén shēn xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr líng èr shí suìyóu yuè
  733 guǐ yǒu xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr rùn sān yuè èr shí 'èr suìyóu yuè
  73 jiá xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr 'èr èr shí sān suìyóu yuè
  735 hài xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr sān rùn shí yuè èr shí suì yuè guī dōng jìn shì
  736 bǐng xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr èr shí suìyóu zhàojiāo yuán míng
  737 dīng chǒu xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr èr shí liù suìyóu zhào
  738 yín xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr liù èr shí suìyóu zhào
  73 mǎo xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr èr shí suìyóu zhào
  740 gēng chén xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr èr shí jiǔ suìyóu zhào
  741 xīn xuán zōng kāi yuán 'èr jiǔ sān shí suìguī dōng zhù hún zhuāng hán shí yuǎn dāng yáng jūn
  742 rén xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān shí suìzài dōng wàn nián xiàn jūn dōng jīng rén fēng liù yuèhái bìn nán xiàngōng zuò zhì
  743 guǐ wèi xuán zōng tiān bǎo 'èr sān shí 'èr suìzài dōng
  744 jiá shēn xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān sān shí sān suìzài dōng fàn yáng tài jūn chén liú zhī yuèguī zàng yǎn shīgōng zuò zhìshì nián xiàchū bái dōng qiūyóu liángsòng báigāo shì dēng chuī táiqín táicháng yóu wáng shān dào shì huá gài jūnér rén wáng
  745 yǒu xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān shí suìzài yóu shì shí zhī fāng wéi zhōu xià yōng běi hǎi jùn lái zhōugōng cháng cóng yóupéi yàn xià tíng shān tíngxuán zàn lín shǔ zhōu)。 qiū hòu zhì yǎn zhōushí bái guī dōng gōng tóng yóuqíng hǎo gōng zèng bái shī suǒ yún dōng méng lián jūn xiōngzuì mián qiū gòng bèixié shǒu tóng xíngzhě shì é 'ér gōng jiāng bái yòu jiāng dōng zhī yóuchéng dōng shí mén bié suì xiāng jiàn zhī
  746 bǐng xuán zōng tiān bǎo rùn shí yuè sān shí suì guī cháng 'āncóng yáng wáng jīn zhèng qián yào yóu
  747 dīng hài xuán zōng tiān bǎo liù sān shí liù suìzài cháng 'ān
  748 xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān shí suìzài cháng 'ān shàng shī wéi qiú yǐn shū jiā jiè shē dìng jiāoyuē dāng shí
  749 chǒu xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān shí suìzài cháng 'āndōng guī dōng yīn xuán yuán huáng miàoguān dào suǒ huà
  750 gēng yín xuán zōng tiān bǎo jiǔ sān shí jiǔ suìlái cháng 'ānchū zhèng qián
  751 xīn mǎo xuán zōng tiān bǎo líng shí suìzài cháng 'ānjìn sān xuán zōng zhīmìng dài zhì xián yuànqiūbìng nüèyǒu rén wèi jūn mào jiàn fǎngyīn zuò qiū shù zhībìng hòu guò wáng wáng xiǎng jiǔ zhuàngǎn zuò zèng zhīshì niánzài wèi zhái shǒu suì
  752 rén chén xuán zōng tiān bǎo shí suìzài cháng 'ānzhào shì wén zhāngsòng yòu cān liè xuǎn chūnzàn guī dōng dōnggāo shì suí shū hàn cháo gōng zàn é bié gōng yòu shī sòng zhī
  753 guǐ xuán zōng tiān bǎo 'èr shí 'èr suìzài cháng 'ānshǒu xiàtóng zhèng qián yóu jiāng jūn shān lín zōng yuē shēng nián qiū
  754 jiá xuán zōng tiān bǎo sān rùn shí yuè shí sān suìzài cháng 'ānjìn fēng yuè dōng jiā zhì cháng 'ān nán chéng zhī xià chéngyīn tián liáng qiū tóu shī jié shǐ shū hànsuì zhōngzhāng zhào háizài qiān wéi tài cháng qīnggōng shàng shī qiú zhùyòu jìn diāo biǎo zhōng 'āi qiū hòuyín hài jià jià bào guìgōng shēng jiānsuì xié jiā wǎng fèng xiānguǎn xiè shè
  755 wèi xuán zōng tiān bǎo ān shān fǎn shí suìzài cháng 'ānsuì zhōng wǎng bái shuǐ xiànshěng jiù shì cuī shí jiǔ wēngjiǔ yuètóng cuī zhì fèng xiānshí yuèguī cháng 'ānshòu wèi xiàn chéng zài jīn yún nán xiàn jìng), bàigǎi yòu wèi shuài zhòu cáo cān jūnshí yuèyòu fèng xiān tàn zuò jīng fèng xiān yǒng huái bǎi suì sàng yòu
  756 bǐng shēn zōng zhì xuán zōng tiān bǎo yuè gǎi yuánān shān chēng yàn huáng xuán zōng bēn shǔshā yáng guó zhōngyáng guì fēi shí suìsuì chūzài cháng 'ān yuèzhì fèng xiān nánxié juàn lái wǎng bái shuǐ jiù shì cuī shàofǔ gāo zhāiliù yuèyòu bái shuǐ dào huá yuán zhōujīn xiá xiàn)。 zhì sān chuān xiàn tóng jiā rén sūn zǎi jiāwén zōng wèi líng liú sān chuānjué shēn cóng guān bēn xíng zài suǒ zhōng wéi zéi suǒ suì zhì cháng 'ānjiǔ yuè cháng 'ān zōng shì shè shēn wéi gǎn tòng zuò 'āi wáng sūn
  757 dīng yǒu zōng zhì 'èr rùn yuèān qìng shā shānzhāng xún yuǎn zhàn guō dōng jīngshǐ míng děng jiàng shí liù suìchūnxiàn zéi zhōngzài cháng 'ān shí cóng zàn gōng duān yóu yuè jīn guāng mén chūjiàndào cuàn guī fèng xiáng yuè shí liù bài zuǒ shí shì yuèfáng guǎn zuìgōng kàng shù jiù zhī zōng zhào sān tuī wènzhāng gǎowéi zhì děng jiù zhīréng fàng jiù lièliù yuètóng péi jiàn děng rén jiàn cénshēnrùn yuè zhì fàng hái zhōu shěng jiā shì chū fèng xiángzhì bīn zhōushǐ cóng jiè chéng guī jiā bìng shù zuò běi zhēngshí yuè zhōu zhì jīng shī
  758 zōng qián yuán zhì sānèr yuè gǎi yuán zài wéi niánshǐ míng fǎn shí suìrèn zuǒ shí chūnjiǎ zhìwáng wéicénshēn jiē zài jiàn shěngshí gòng chóu chàngshí yào zài jīng shī gōng zhī lín shè yuèxuán zōng qīn xiǎng jiǔ miàogōng péi liù yuèfáng guǎn yīn lán jìn míng zènbiǎn wéi bīn zhōu shǐgōng zuò guǎn dǎngchū wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūnshì qiūcháng zhì lán tián xiàn fǎng cuī xīng zōngwáng wéidōng shì guī dōng hún zhuāngcháng mèng yún qīng chéng xiàn chéng dōng
  759 hài zōng qián yuán 'èrshǐ míng chēng yàn wáng shí suìchūn dōng guī huá zhōuxiá huá xiàn), zhōng zuò sān sān bié liù shǒushí shǔ guān jǐnsuì yuè guān lǒng qín zhōugān tiān shuǐ)。 shì shí yòu mèng bái 'èr shǒutiān huái bái bái 'èr shí yùnyòu yòu gāo shìcénshēnjiǎ zhìyán zhèng qián yàoxuē zhāng biāo shīshí zàn gōng zhé qín zhōucháng wéi gōng shèng yán zhī cūn zhī shèngyīn zuò zhì cǎo tángwèi chénghuì tóng zǎi lái shū yán tóng suì shí yuè tóng jīng chì tiě táng xiáyán jǐnghán xiá jìng qīng yáng xiálóng mén zhènshí kān cǎo lǐng gōng shānfèng huáng táijiē yòu shīzhì tóng tíngpín shènshí xiàng jué huáng zìjǐ yuèyòu chéng shí 'èr yuè jiù dàojīng lǐngbái shā fēi xiān shí guì jié bǎi jiàn mén tóu shānsuì zhōng zhì chéng huàn huā shí gāo shì fāng péng zhōugōng dào chéng shì shī wèn xùn
  760 gēng zōng shàng yuán qián yuán sān niánrùn yuè gǎi yuán shí jiǔ suìzài chéng chūn guō zhī huàn huā biǎo wáng shí yíng zào qīng zhī dào)﹑ xiāo shí yōngwéi bānyìng zhísān míng gòngguǒ zāikāi suì shǐ shì chūn luò chéngshí wéi yǎn shǔ zhōngcháng wéi gōng huà chū qiūzàn yóu xīn jīn péi qiū wǎn zhì shǔ zhōu gāo shìdōng zài chéng
  761 xīn chǒu zōng shàng yuán 'èrshǐ cháo shā shǐ míng shí suì cǎo tángkāi suìyòu wǎng xīn jīnèr yuèguī chéng qiūzhì qīng chéngxuán yòu guī chéng shì shí duō bìngshēng jiān jiǒngshǐ yòu qiān chǔ zhī niàndōnggāo shì zhì chéng cháng tóng wáng lún guò cǎo táng huì yǐn
  762 rén yín zōng bǎo yìng nián yuè gǎi yuán xuán zōng bēngtài wèishī rén bái ( 701-762)。 shí suì chūn zhì xià cǎo táng yán chànghè shèn shí yòu kuì zèng yuèsòng yán hái cháo zhōu zhì mián zhōu fèng dēng suì fēn shǒu 'ér háihuì zhī dào fǎndào nǎi zhōuqiū huí chéng yíng jiā zhì rán yòu dōng yóu zhī shí yuèwǎng shè hóng xiàndào jīn huá shān jīng guānxún chén 'áng shū táng yòu fǎng xiàn běi dōng shān 'áng zháixuán nán zhī tōng quán xiànfǎng guō yuán zhèn qìng shàn guān xuē shū huà yòu xiàn shǔ hòu guān suǒ huà
  763 guǐ mǎo dài zōng guǎng bǎo yìng 'èr yuè gǎi yuán rùn zhēngyuè huái xiān shā shǐ cháo shí 'èr suìzhēngyuèzài zhōuwén guān jūn shōu nán běibiàn hái é 'ér dōng xià chǔjiān cháng zhì làng zhōu chuān làng zhōng), yīn yóu niú tóudōu shuàihuì zhū guī yòu yīn sòng xīn yuán wàizhì mián zhōu mián guī yòu wǎng hàn zhōuxiàfǎn zhōuchū qiū bié làngjiǔ yuè fáng guǎnqiū jìn jiā shūzhī bìngyīn guī shí yuèjiāng chū xiá wéi chǔ zhī yóu shì mìng zhàn guī chéng jiǎn xiào cǎo táng
  764 jiá chén dài zōng guǎng 'èr shí sān suìchūn shǒu zhōu xié jiā dōng qiáo chū xiáxiān zhì làng zhōuhuì cháo tíng zhào jīng zhào gōng cáo cān jūn xíng chéng dìng zhàoèr yuè làng dōng wén yán jiāng zài zhèn shǔ suì gǎi què chéng sān yuèguī chéng liù yuèyán biǎo wéi jié cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng fēi dàiqiū zhōng yīn shàng shī yán shù xiōng suì jiǎ zàn guī cǎo tángshì shícáo zài chéng gōng zuò dān qīng yǐn zèng zhī yíng wǎng zhōusuì wǎnyīn shì shī jiǎ zhìshì nián yán chànghè zuì
  765 dài zōng yǒng tài rùn shí yuè shí suìzhēngyuè sān guī huàn huā chūn xià cǎo táng yuèxié jiā cǎo táng nán xiàzhì jiā zhōu chuān shān)。 liù yuèzhì róng zhōu chuān bīn)。 róng zhōu zhì zhōuchóngqìng)。 hòu yán liù shì dàoxiān xià xiá qiūzhì zhōng zhōu chuān zhōng xiàn), lóng xīng yuànjiǔ yuèzhì yún 'ān xiàn chuān bái chéng)。 yīn bìngsuì liú yún 'ānguǎn yán míng zhī shuǐ
  766 bǐng dài zōng yǒng tài 'èr niánshí yuè gǎi yuán shí suìchūnzài yún 'ānshí cénshēn fāng wéi jiā zhōu shǐ shī zèng zhīchūn wǎn kuí zhōuchū shān zhōng tángqiū qiū hòubǎi mào lín wéi kuí zhōu gōng méng zhùshì nián duō zhuī jiù yóu zhī zuò
  767 dīng wèi dài zōng 'èr shí liù suìzài kuí zhōuchūn chì jiásān yuèqiān ráng cǎo zhái yòu guǒ yuán shí shū shù yòu yòu dào tián ruò gān qǐngzài jiāng běi zhī dōng tún guān jīng shī láiqiūyīn huò dào zàn zhù dōng túnshì zhōng zhōu láiyīn ráng cǎo táng jiè zhīshì shíshǐ dòng dōng yóu jīng xiāng zhī shí yuè shí jiǔ kuí zhōu bié jià yuán chí zhái guān shí 'èr niàn jiàn 」。 běn nián dōngréng duō bìngqiūzuǒ 'ěr shǐ lóng
  768 shēn dài zōng sān rùn liù yuè shí suìzhēngyuè zhōng xún kuí chū xiálín ráng guǒ yuán zèng nán qīng xiōngsān yuèzhì jiāng língxià zàn wài liú jiāng líng shù yuè qiū gōng 'ān xiàn jiè shē jìn sēng tài liú gōng 'ān shù yuèyīn gōng 'ān zhì 'ān tàichàsuì héng zhōu
  769 yǒu dài zōng , shí suìzhēngyuèjīng yuè zhōu zhì héng zhōuhéng yáng), yóu nán yuè dào lín 'èr guān sòng zhī wèn qīng cǎo yòu bái shā guò xiāng yīn xiāng rén gèng liú 'ér shàng 'èr yuè chū záo shí zhīyòu guò jīn kǒu kōng líng 'ànsān yuè tán zhōu nán cháng shā)。 tán zhōu bái tán qiáo kǒuzhì tóng guān zhǔ fēng tóng guān xīn kāng jiāng kǒu shuāng fēng suì héng zhōu nán héng yáng)。 rán rén héng zhōu shǐ wéi zhī jìn rèn tán zhōu shǐ yòu bēn tán zhōu wàng zài shǒu xià móu fèn chāishidàn wéi zhī jìn rán bìng shí huàn jiāng fǎng gōng zhōu zhōnggōng qǐng huàn sòng shī shǎng zhīsuì dìng jiāo yān
  770 gēng dài zōng shí jiǔ suìzhēngyuè 'èr shí jiǎn zhì gāo shì shàng yuán 'èr nián rén jiàn shīyīn zhuī chóu shǒu shì hàn zhōng wáng jìng chāo xiān chūnféng guī nián yuè luàn héng zhōujīn héng yáng)。 yóu yuè miàowéi bào shuǐ suǒ xún shí wǎng chēn zhōu jiù shì cuī wěiyīn zhì lěi yánglěi yáng lìng zhī zhī zhào zhōu yíng ér háidàn niú ròu bái jiǔ 'ér lěi yáng
zhù zuò Du Fu's works
杜甫著作
杜甫著作
  《 qiǎn huái》《 yóu》《 》《 táng chéng》《 shǔ xiāng》《 wéi nóng》《 yòu 》《 kuáng 》《 shè》《 jiāng cūn》《 lǎo》《 qiǎn xīng》《 nán lín》《 hèn bié》《 zhì》《 jiāng tíng》《 》《 zhuó》《 hán shí》《 shí jìng》《 qín tái》《 bìng bǎi》《 zōng》《 jiàn》《 》《 sōng》《 guī yàn》《 shǔ》《 chú cǎo》《 zhàng rén shān》《 chéng 》《 shí sǔn xíng》《 zèng huā qīng》《 shàonián xíng》《 mài xíng》《 táo shù》《 màn chéng 'èr shī》《 chūn 》《 cǎo táng shì》《 jué 'èr shǒu》《 jué shǒu》《 zuò huā qīng 》《 wàng yuè》《 chóu gāo shǐ jūn xiāng zèng》《 chūn jiāng cūn shǒu》《 chūn shuǐ shēng 'èr jué》《 jué liù shǒu》《 chūn wàng》《 shí háo 》《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》《 jiāng nán féng guī nián》《 tiān huái bái》《 yuè shè 》《 bīng chē xíng》《 wén guān jūn shōu nán běi》《 dēng yǎn zhōu chéng lóu》《 dēng lóu》《 yuè 》《 tóng guān 》《 xīn 'ān 》《 chuí lǎo bié
dài biǎo míng Representative famous
  1、 wán 'è guān duō shēn。《 fèng zèng wéi zuǒ chéng zhàng 'èr shí 'èr yùn
  2、 shū wàn juànxià yòu shén。《 fèng zèng wéi zuǒ chéng zhàng 'èr shí 'èr yùn
  3、 zhì jūn yáo shùn shàngzài shǐ fēng chún。《 fèng zèng wéi zuǒ chéng zhàng 'èr shí 'èr yùn
  4、 qīng xīn kāi jùn bào cān jūn。《 chūn bái
  5、 biān tíng liúxiě chéng hǎi shuǐ huáng kāi biān wèi 。《 bīng chē xíng
  6、 shēng yóu jià línshēng nán máimò suí bǎi cǎo!《 bīng chē xíng
  7、 zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu yòu dòng 。《 jīng fèng xiān xiàn yǒng huái bǎi
  8、 gǎn shí huā jiàn lèihèn bié niǎo jīng xīn。《 chūn wàng
  9、 fēng huǒ lián sān yuèjiā shū wàn jīn。《 chūn wàng
  10、 zhèng shì jiāng nán hǎo fēng jǐngluò huā shí jié yòu féng jūn。《 jiāng nán féng guī nián
  11、 wén dòng tíng jīn shàng yuè yáng lóu chǔ dōng nán chèqián kūn 。《 dēng yuè yáng lóu
  12、 juān juān dié guò xián mànpiàn piàn qīng 'ōu xià tuān。《 xiǎo hán shí zhōu zhōng zuò
  13、 biān luò xiāo xiāo xià jìn cháng jiāng gǔn gǔn lái。《 dēng gāo
  14、 gēnggǔ jiǎo shēng bēi zhuàngsān xiá xīng yǐng dòng yáo。《
  15、 tái lián shuò liú qīng zhǒng xiàng huáng hūn。《 yǒng huái shǒu
  16、 huà shěng shí chūn fēng miànhuán pèi kōng guī yuè hún。《 yǒng huái shǒu
  17、 cóng liǎng kāi lèi zhōu yuán xīn。《 qiū xīng shǒu
  18、 xīng chuí píng kuòyuè yǒng jiāng liú。《 shū huái
  19、 dān qīng zhī lǎo jiāng zhì guì yún。《 dān qīng yǐn zèng cáo jiāng jūn
  20、 liǎng huáng míng cuì liǔyīháng bái shàng qīng tiān。《 jué shǒu sān)》
  21、 chí jiāng shān chūn fēng huā cǎo xiāng。《 jué 'èr shǒu )》
  22、 xīn sōng hèn gāo qiān chǐè zhú yìng zhǎn wàn gān。《 jiāng chéng cǎo táng zhōng yòu zuò xiān yán zhèng gōng shǒu )》
  23、 bái fàng zòng jiǔqīng chūn zuò bàn hǎo hái xiāng。《 wén guān jūn shōu nán běi
  24、 ěr cáo shēn míng miè fèi jiāng wàn liú。《 wéi liù jué
  25、 liú lián dié shí shí zài jiāo yīng qià qià 。《 jiāng pàn xún huā jué liù)》
  26、 ān guǎng shà qiān wàn jiān tiān xià hán shì huān yánfēng dòng 'ān shān shí yǎn qián jiàn shòu dòng !《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ
  27、 'ér chūwēi fēng yàn xié。《 shuǐ jiàn xīn 'èr shǒu )》
  28、 suí fēng qián rùn shēng。《 chūn
  29、 lái liáng shàng yànxiāng qīn xiāng jìn shuǐ zhōng 'ōu。《 jiāng cūn
  30 huì dāng líng jué dǐng lǎn zhòng shān xiǎo。《 wàng yuè
míng zuò jiàn shǎng Appreciation masterpiece
  yǐn zhōng xiān
  【 yuán wén
   zhī zhāng chéng chuányǎn huā luò jǐng shuǐ mián
   yáng sān dǒu shǐ cháo tiāndào féng chē kǒu liú xiánhèn fēng xiàng jiǔ quán
   zuǒ xiāng xīng fèi wàn qiányǐn cháng jīng bǎi chuānxián bēi shèng chēng xián
   zōng zhī xiāo měi shàonián shāng bái yǎn wàng qīng tiānjiǎo shù lín fēng qián
   jìn cháng zhāi xiù qiánzuì zhōng wǎng wǎng 'ài táo chán
   bái dǒu shī bǎi piāncháng 'ān shì shàng jiǔ jiā mián
   tiān lái shàng chuán chēng chén shì jiǔ zhōng xiān
   zhāng sān bēi cǎo shèng chuántuō mào dǐng wáng gōng qiánhuī háo luò zhǐ yún yān
   jiāo suì dǒu fāng zhuó rángāo tán xióng biàn jīng yán
  【 shǎng táng shí wèi shì rén cái bèi chū deyǐn zhōng xiān 》, zài shī zhōng yǒng liǎo táng shí dài zuì jié chū de wèi jīng yīng shuō tiān xià yīng cái háo chōng tiānshì shī zhōng de lìng lèi zhī zuò
   wàng yuè
  【 jiě
   wàng yuèshīgòng yòu sān shǒufēn yǒng dōng yuètài shān)、 nán yuèhéng shān)、 yuèhuá shān)。 zhè shǒu shì wàng dōng yuè tài shānkāi yuán 'èr shí nián( 736 nián ), èr shí suì de shī rén kāi shǐ guò zhǒngqiú qīng kuángde màn yóu shēng huó shī xiě běi yóu zhàojīn nán běishān dōng děng shíshì xiàn cún shī zhōng nián dài zuì zǎo de shǒu xíng jiān yáng zhe qīng nián zhǒng péng péng de zhāoqì
  【 yuán wén
   dài zōng qīng wèi liǎo
   zào huà zhōng shén xiùyīn yáng hūn xiǎo
   dàng xiōng shēng céng yúnjué guī niǎo
   huì dāng líng jué dǐng lǎn zhòng shān xiǎo
   bīng chē xíng
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, yuē zuò táng xuán zōng tiān bǎo shízǎi( 751)。 shì niántáng zhēng zuò zhàn zhēng bīngzhì shǐ mín níng yòu gǎn zuòbīng chē xíng shū fèn fèn zhī
  【 yuán wén
   chē lín lín xiāo xiāoxíng rén gōng jiàn zài yāo
   niàn zǒu xiāng sòngchén 'āi jiàn xián yáng qiáo
   qiān dùn lán dào shēng zhí shàng gān yún xiāo
   dào bàng guò zhě wèn xíng rénxíng rén dàn yún diǎn xíng pín
   huò cóng shí běi fáng biàn zhì shí yíng tián
   shí zhèng guǒ tóuguī lái tóu bái hái shù biān
   biān tíng liúxiě chéng hǎi shuǐ huáng kāi biān wèi
   jūn wén hàn jiā shān dōng 'èr bǎi zhōuqiān cūn wàn luò shēng jīng
   zòng yòu jiàn chú shēng lǒng dōng
   kuàng qín bīng nài zhànbèi quǎn
   zhǎngzhě suī yòu wèn gǎn shēn hèn
   qiě jīn nián dōngwèi xiū guān
   xiàn guān suǒ shuì cóng chū
   xìn zhī shēng nán 'èfǎn shì shēng hǎo
   shēng yóu jià línshēng nán máimò suí bǎi cǎo
   jūn jiànqīng hǎi tóu lái bái rén shōu
   xīn guǐ fán yuān jiù guǐ tiān yīn shī shēng jiū jiū
   chūn wàng
  【 jiě
   táng xiāo zōng zhì yuán nián( 756 nián yuè zhī zōng zài líng jīn níng xià líng xiàn huáng wèibiàn jiā xiǎo 'ān dùn zài zhōujīn shǎn xiànde qiāng cūnzhǐ shēn tóubèn zhōng wéi 'ān shǐ pàn jūn suǒ wǎng cháng 'ān nián chūn tiān cái tuō shēnzài bèi liú cháng 'ān de xiě liǎo duō fǎn yìng lún xiàn shēng huó de shī piānhuò gǎn shí yōu guóhuò jiā niàn qīn,《 chūn wàngjiù shì zuò shí de piān dài biǎo zuò
  【 yuán wén
   guó shān zàichéng chūn cǎo shēn
   gǎn shí huā jiàn lèihèn bié niǎo jīng xīn
   fēng huǒ lián sān yuèjiā shū wàn jīn
   bái tóu sāo gèng duǎnhún shèng zān
   shí háo
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 wéisān zhī zuò gōng yuán 759 niánān shǐ zhī luàn hòutáng yóu shèng biàn shuāiguó chéng guómín níng shì niánzuò zhě jīng xīn 'ānshí háo děng liú qiān guān zhēng dīng hòu yòu gǎn 'ér zuò shízuò zhě wéi zhōng niánshī zhōng zǎo méi yòu nián qīng shí de zhuàng zhì háo qíng liǎosuǒ wèisān 》, wéixīn 'ān 》、《 shí háo 》、《 tóng guān 》。 shí háojīn nán shěng sān mén xiá shì dōng nán
  【 yuán wén
   tóu shí háo cūnyòu zhuō rénlǎo wēng qiáng zǒulǎo chū mén kàn tīng qián zhì :“ sān nán chéng nán shū zhìèr nán xīn zhàn cún zhě qiě tōu shēng zhě cháng shì zhōng gèng rénwéi yòu xià sūnyòu sūn wèi chū wán qúnlǎo suī shuāiqǐng cóng guī yìng yáng yóu bèi chén chuī。” jiǔ shēng jué wén yōu yāntiān míng dēng qián lǎo wēng bié
   xīn hūn bié
  【 jiě
   sān biézhōng dexīn hūn bié》, jīng xīn zào liǎo shēn míng de shàofù xíng xiàng shī cǎi yòng bái xíng shìquán piān xiān hòu yòng liǎo jūndōushì xīn niàn duì xīn láng qīng de fèi zhī yán lái shēnqiè gǎn rén
  【 yuán wén
   péng yǐn màn chángjià zhēng bàngjiéfà wéi jūn nuǎn jūn chuáng hūn chén gào bié nǎi tài mángjūn xíng suī yuǎnshǒu biān yángqiè shēn wèi fēn míng bài zhāng yǎng shí lìng cángshēng yòu suǒ guī gǒu jiāngjūn jīn wǎng chén tòng zhōng chángshì suí jūn xíng shì fǎn cāng huáng wéi xīn hūn niàn shì róng xíng rén zài jūn zhōngbīng kǒng yángbái jiē pín jiā jiǔ zhì luó chángluó shīduì jūn hóng zhuāngyǎng shì bǎi niǎo fēi xiǎo shuāng xiángrén shì duō cuò jūn yǒng xiāng wàng
   chuí lǎo bié
  【 nèi róng
   jiāo wèi níng jìngchuí lǎo 'ān sūn zhèn wáng jìnyān yòng shēn wántóu zhàng chū mén tóng xíng wéi xīn suānxìng yòu chǐ cúnsuǒ bēi suǐ gānnán 'ér jiè zhòucháng bié shàng guānlǎo suì cháng dānshú zhī shì biéqiě shāng hán guīhái wén quàn jiā cān mén shèn jiānxìng yuán nánshì chéng xiàzòng shí yóu kuānrén shēng yòu shuāi shèng duān shàozhuàng chí huí jìng cháng tànwàn guó jìn zhēng shùfēng huǒ bèi gāng luán shī cǎo xīngliúxiě chuān yuán dān xiāng wéi ān gǎn shàng pán huán jué péng shì rán cuī fèi gān
   jiā bié
  【 nèi róng
   tiān bǎo hòuyuán dàn hāo bǎi jiāshì luàn dōng cún zhě xiāo zhě wéi chén jiàn yīn zhèn bàiguī lái xún jiù jiǔ xíng jiàn kōng xiàng shòu cǎn dàn duì shù máo lín suǒ yòu 'èr lǎo guǎ niǎo liàn běn zhīān qiě qióng fāng chūn hèchú hái guàn xiàn zhī zhìzhào lìng bǐng . suī cóng běn zhōu nèi suǒ xiéjìn xíng zhǐ shēnyuǎn zhōng zhuǎn jiā xiāng dàng jìnyuǎn jìn cháng tòng cháng bìng nián wěi gōu shēng zhōng shēn liǎng suān rén shēng jiā bié wéi zhēng
   shǔ xiāng
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 yuē zuò shàng yuán yuán nián( 760 nián)。 shì nián chūn bān dào huàn huā cǎo táng xiá chéng hóu yóu lǎnpíng diàozuò liǎo zhè shǒushǔ xiāng》, shū shù wǎn zhī qíng
  【 yuán wén
   chéngxiàng táng chù xúnjǐn guān chéng wài bǎi sēn sēn
   yìng jiē cǎo chūn huáng kōng hǎo yīn
   sān pín fán tiān xià liǎng cháo kāi lǎo chén xīn
   chū shī wèi jié shēn xiān cháng shǐ yīng xióng lèi mǎn jīn
   chūn
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, zuò shàng yuán 'èr niángōng yuán 761 niánchūnshì wǎn niánpiāo nánshí zài chéng suǒ zuòshī rén zài duì chūn de miáo shù zhī zhōngliú chū duì chūn de yuè zhī qíng
  【 yuán wén
   hǎo zhī shí jiédāng chūn nǎi shēng
   suí fēng qián rùn shēng
   jìng yún hēijiāng chuán huǒ míng
   xiǎo kàn hóng shī chùhuā zhòng jǐn guān chéng
   máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, zuò gōng yuán 761 niánshí zhí 'ān shǐ zhī luàn shàng wèi píng dìng zhī shàng yuán yuán nián( 760) chūn qīn yǒu zhù chéng guō wài huàn huā pàn gài cǎo táng 'ān dùn jiā nián yuècǎo táng wéi qiū fēng suǒ bǎi gǎn jiāo zuò wénmáo wéi qiū fēng suǒ zhī
  【 yuán wén
   yuè qiū gāo fēng nùháojuǎnwǒ shàng sān zhòng máomáo fēi jiāng jiāng jiāogāo zhě guà juàn cháng lín shāoxià zhě piāozhuàn chén táng 'àonán cūn qún tóng lǎo rěn néng duì miàn wéi dào zéigōng rán bào máo zhú chún jiāo kǒu zào guī lái zhàng tàn é qǐng fēng dìng yún qiū tiān xiàng hūn hēi qīn duō nián lěng tiějiāo 'ér 'è lièchuáng tóu lòu gān chù jiǎo wèi duàn jué jīng sāngluàn shǎo shuì miáncháng zhān shī yóu chèān guǎng shà qiān wàn jiān tiān xià hán shì huān yánfēng dòng 'ān shān shí yǎn qián jiàn shòu dòng
   wén guān jūn shōu nán běi
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 dài zōng guǎng yuán nián( 763) zhēngyuèshǐ cháo shǐ míng zhī bīng bài lín zhōng jiāng tián chéng huái xiān jiē jiàngzhì nán běi xiāng shōu shí zhōujīn chuān sān tái), nǎi zuò shī nán běizhǐ jīn luò yáng dài běi běi
  【 yuán wén
   jiàn wài chuán shōu běichū wén lèi mǎn cháng
   què kàn chóu zàimànjuǎn shī shū kuáng
   bái fàng zòng jiǔqīng chūn zuò bàn hǎo hái xiāng
   cóng xiá chuān xiábiàn xià xiāng yáng xiàng luò yáng
   jué shǒu
  【 jiě
   de yán jué duōrán 'ér zhè shǒu què shì zhōng guó zuì liú xíng de xiǎo shī zhī tōng dǒngpíng bái huàquè yòu shēn hán liǎo shī rén de shěn měi xiǎng shòu wén rén xué zhě suǒ tuī shuō shì wéi gòng shǎng
  【 yuán wén
   liǎng zhǐ huáng míng cuì liǔyīháng bái shàng qīng tiān
   chuāng hán lǐng qiān qiū xuěmén dōng wàn chuán
   shū huái
  【 jiě
  《 shū huái》, shì kāi chéng xié jiā chéng zhōu dōng xiàjīng guò zhōu chuān chóngqìng)、 zhōng zhōu chuān zhōng xiànshí( 765 niánxiě de
   zǎo suì suī yòuzhì jūn yáo shùn shàngzài shǐ fēng chúnde xiǎngdào tóu lái shénme shìdōu méi yòu zuò chéngzhǐ luò nián lǎo duō bìngqīn péng líng luòzhǐ shēn piāo zhì shēn zhè yàng hào miǎo de jiāng shàng fǎng shì tiān jiān de zhǐ shā 'ōufēi wǎng 'ā zuò zhě de gǎn kǎi shì hěn shēn chén de
  【 yuán wén
   cǎo wēi fēng 'ànwēi qiáng zhōu
   xīng chuí píng kuòyuè yǒng jiāng liú
   míng wén zhāng zhùguān yìng lǎo bìng xiū
   piāo piāo suǒ tiān shā 'ōu
   dēng gāo
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, xiě táng dài zōng 'èr nián( 767) qiūshí liú luò kuí zhōujīn chuān fèng jié)。 jiǔ yuè jiǔ yòu dēng gāo shī dēng gāo yòu gǎn 'ér zuòshū xiě cháng nián piāo de tòng lǎo bìng chóu zhī gǎn shī bèi chēng wéi jīn shī”。
  【 yuán wén
   fēng tiān gāo yuán xiào 'āizhǔ qīng shā bái niǎo fēi huí
   biān luò xiāo xiāo xià jìn cháng jiāng gǔn gǔn lái
   wàn bēi qiū cháng zuò bǎi nián duō bìng dēng tái
   jiān nán hèn fán shuāng bìnliáo dǎo xīn tíng zhuó jiǔ bēi
   jiāng nán féng guī nián
  【 jiě
   guī niántáng cháo kāi yuántiān bǎo nián jiān de míng yuèshī nián qīng shí zài luò yáng céng tīng guò de yǎn chàngwǎn nián piāo jiāng nán hòu jìng yuèshī chóngféngzhè shí hòu ān shǐ zhī luàn qián deshèng táng shí jīng shí duō nián liǎoshī rén guī nián dōushì wǎn nián liǎozài zhè yàng de jìng xiāng féngyòu huí yòu shāng gǎn shìshī rén yòng fēi cháng hán de yánshuō chū liǎo shèng jīn shuāi de gǎn kǎi
  【 yuán wén
   wáng zhái xún cháng jiàncuī jiǔ táng qián wén
   zhèng shì jiāng nán hǎo fēng jǐngluò huā shí jié yòu féng jūn
   zhèn
  【 jiě
   niàn shī shèng zuì jìng zhòng de hóu
  【 yuán wén
   gōng gài sān fēn guómíng chéng zhèn
   jiāng liú shí zhuǎn hèn shī tūn
   lǎo
   lǎo biān jiāng 'àn huíchái mén zhèng zhú jiāng kāi
   rén wǎng chéng tán xiàjiǎ chuán suí fǎn zhào lái
   cháng guān xīn bēi jiàn piàn yún bàng qín tái
   wáng shī wèi bào shōu dōng jùnchéng jué qiū shēng huà jiǎo 'āi
  【 shǎng 】  shī xiě shàng yuán yuán nián( 760), zhè shí gāng zài chéng jiāo de cǎo táng dìng xià láijīng guò cháng nián diān pèi liú zhī hòuzǒng suàn dào liǎo zhī chùzhè shǐ liáo gǎn xīn wèirán 'ér guó jiā cán shēng mín tàn de xiàn shíquè shí shí zài zhuàng de xīn língshǐ níng jìngzhè shǒu shī jiù jiē shì liǎo nèi xīn zhè zhǒng wēi miào shēn de gǎn qíng dòng
   rén xíng
   sān yuè sān tiān xīncháng 'ān shuǐ biān duō rén
   tài nóng yuǎn shū qiě zhēn nèn ròu yún
   xiù luó cháng zhào chūn jīn kǒng què yín lín
   tóu shàng suǒ yòucuì wéi chuí bìn chún
   bèi hòu suǒ jiànzhū yāo jié wěn chēng shēn
   jiù zhōng yún jiāo fáng qīn míng guó guó qín
   tuó zhī fēng chū cuì shuǐ jīng zhī pán xíng lín
   zhù yàn jiǔ wèi xiàluán dāo qiē kōng fēn guān
   huáng mén fēi kòng dòng chén chú luò sòng zhēn
   xiāo guǎn 'āi yín gǎn guǐ shénbīn cóng shí yào jīn
   hòu lái 'ān qūn xúndāng xuān xià jǐn yīn
   yáng huā xuě luò bái píngqīng niǎo fēi xián hóng jīn
   zhì shǒu shì jué lúnshèn jìn qián chéngxiàng chēn
  【 shǎng zhè shǒu yán shī yuē zuò tiān bǎo shí 'èr nián( 753) de chūn tiāndāng shí táng xuán zōng lóng shēng huó bài chǒng xìng yáng guì fēiyáng jiā xiōng jiě mèi yīn qún dài guān 'ér fēi huáng téng yáng guó zhōng tiān bǎo shí nián( 752) lín dāng liǎo yòu chéngxiàngyáng jiā sān jiě mèi yědōu fēng guó rényáng jiā zhái zhàng shì rénzuò wēi zuò guò zhe zhǒng shēng xiǔ de shēng huóér yáng guó zhōng wèi guó rén jiān de yín luàn guān gèng shì chǒu wénzhè shǒu shī duì zhè xiǎo cuō rén shì jiāo hénghuāng yín chǐ de chǒu tài zuì xíngjìn xíng liǎo shēn de bào fěng quán shī chén chéng yán qīng xīn zhuāng xié hán fěng yùn tòu zhǐ bèi。 [ cān kǎo liào ]:《 shī xuǎnzhōu méngféng hēi lóng jiāng rén mín chū bǎn shè 1980.6
   qiū xīng shǒu
   diāo shāng fēng shù lín shān xiá xiāo sēn
   jiāng jiān làng jiān tiān yǒngsài shàng fēng yún jiē yīn
   cóng liǎng kāi lèi zhōu yuán xīn
   hán chù chù cuī dāo chǐbái chéng gāo zhēn
chōng liào Supplementary information
  1、 shì lǎo gài
   jīn zhōng wàiwén rén dāng gài bìng xiǎnjiàn
   chū zài cháng 'ān de niányóu dào rèn yònghòu lái jiā zhī qīn shìshī liǎo dìng de jīng lái yuándǎo zhì shēng huó xiàn kùn dùn yòu sūn zhù zài cháng 'ān chéng nán jiāowèile dāo rǎo dùn fàn chī měi měi qián zǒu dòngdàn zhè wèi sūn shēng huó kuānchuojiàn cháng bèi lái liǎoxīn lǎo de zuǐ shàng hǎo shuō shénmequè zài xíng dòng shàng biǎo xiàn chū lái jǐng shuǐ táo shǐ jìn bǎi dòng shuǐ tǒng shuǐ jiǎo tǐng húndào yuán zhōng kǎn càifàng shǒu luàn kǎn duì gǎn kǎi wàn fēnzuòshì cóng sūn 》“ píng míng kuà chūwèi zhī shì shuí ménquán mén duō zǔn yǎoqiě xún zhū sūnxiǎo rén kǒu shí nán lùnsuǒ lái wéi zōng bùwèi pán sūn shòu wài xián cāitóng xìng suǒ dūnbiàn shì zāo zōng lěng luò hòu liáng xīn jìng de biǎo 。  dāng rán hǎo yǒu xiāng zhùyòu nào nüè bèi zhēténg miàn huáng shòutóu bái yǎn huāchàdiǎn yào liǎo mìng bìng chū zhǔ zhe guǎi zhàng chū mén sàn xīn zhī jué lái dào wáng jiā mén kǒuwáng jiàn zhè bān múyàngshí fēn tóng qíngmǎi ròu mǎi jiǔ qíng zhāo dài liǎo zuò shībìng hòu guò wáng yǐn zèng biǎo shì gǎn :“ dàn shǐ cán nián bǎo fànzhǐ yuàn shì cháng xiāng jiàn。”
   shí cóng shí jiù yòu guò liǎo dào chù tǎo de shītóu jiǎn xián huá liǎng xiàn zhū 》“ dòng xiàng xún chì lián bǎi jiébiàn shì zhè duàn cháng 'ān shēng huó de zhēn shí xiě zhào。《 yún xiān · fēi chányǐnfàng huái 》:“ měi péng yǒu zhìyǐn jiàn wéi shì jiàn 'ér tuìshǐ sòng fēi chán zhù zhuāng shì。” zhàng qióng kùnlǎo rán shì hán suān xiāng hái jué dǎo shì rén shí zài kàn guò yǎnjiào rén sòng liǎo tóu shàng zhuāng shì pǐn guò lái
   hòu lái bèi kāi cháng 'ānliú luò dào liǎo dào chéng jiā rén xiān shì jiè zhù zài huàn huā pàn de zuò jiā jiē kāi guō liǎo yòu suǒ jìzǎi:“ mén jiù kōnglǎo yán tóngchī 'ér zhī jiào suǒ fàn mén dōng。” xiǎo 'ér 'è shí zài shì káng zhù liǎo jiù zhī chòngzhe qīn zhèn hǒujiào gǎn kuài dào lín tǎo kǒu fàn huí lái chīméi yòu bàn dāng guò tiān xiǎo guān de shí zài xià miàn zhǐ hǎo yìng zhe tóu xià miàn gěi lǎo xiāngpéng zhōu shǐ gāo shì chū qiú yuán xìn:“ bǎi nián guò bànqiū zhì zhuǎn hánwéi wèn péng zhōu shí jiù nán?” gāo shì cóng bǎi zhī wài bèi lái jiē lín yòu sòng xiē xiǎo càishǐ miǎn què liǎo zhī chuī de kùn yòu shī wéi zhèng:“ sēng láo luòkòngfáng rén gōng lín shè yuán shū。”
   zhèn shǔ de jiàn nán jié shǐ yán zhī míng jiàn wéi jiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng gōng jiù shì zhè yàng lái depéng yǒu yǐn péi miǎn hái wèitā zài huàn huā shàng yóu xuǎn liǎo kuài fēng jǐng cuò de fāng xiū jiàn liǎo zuò máo jiù shì men xiàn zài kàn dào de cǎo táng。  gōng yuán 765 niányán bìng hòu yuè xié 'ér chéng chuán dōng xià kāi liǎo chéng liù nián hòujiù táng shū · wén yuàn běn chuán》:“ nǎi yán xiāng liúyóu héng shān lěi yáng cháng yóu yuè miàowéi bào shuǐ suǒ xún shílěi yáng lìng zhī zhī zhào zhōu yíng 'ér háiyǒng tài 'èr niándàn niú ròu bái jiǔ 'ér lěi yángshí nián shí yòu jiǔ。” zhì qíng kuàng shì kāi chuān hòu de nányóu bèi rán de hóng shuǐ suǒ wéi kùnlián 'è liǎo jiǔ tiāndāng xiàn lìng yòng xiǎo chuán jiāng jiù liǎo huí lái niú ròu bái jiǔ zhāo dài nán tāo tiè huí de dāng wǎn jiù yīn wéi zuì bǎo guò 'ér shì liǎo
   guò zhe jìn gài shēng huó de yuán yīnzhù yào yòu sān
   shì shí yùn jīn tiān de huà shuōjiù shì yòu xiē bèi shí nián qīng shí qiú shàng jìn,《 táng cái chuánshuō shǎo pín zhèn yuè zhào jiān”。 gōng yuán 747 niánfēng liú tiān táng xuán zōng zhào lìng tiān xià cái dào jīng shī jiù xuǎn yòu xiē shī míng de sān shí suì de cái xīng chōng chōng qián wǎng yìng shìrán 'értiān suì yuàn shuō shì jiānxiàng lín hài xián cái xuǎn chí cháo zhèng shì cóng zhōng zuò gěngjiǎo liǎo zhì shǐ rén fǎn 'ér shàng biǎo zhù huáng shuō shì xián”。 ér jiù zài shí céng rèn yǎn zhōu fèng tiān xiàn lìng de qīn xián shìduàn jué liǎo shēng huó de lái yuán shēng yán jiē mài yàohuò shí péng yǒu chùzhè duàn pín kùn de bèi xiě jìn liǎo shǒu wéifèng zèng wéi zuǒ chéng zhàng 'èr shí 'èr yùnde shī zhōng:“ cháo kòu 'ér mén suí féi chéncán bēi lěng zhìdào chù qián bēi xīn。” zhè shì dāng gài de kāi shǐjìn guǎn cháng 'ān de shì liǎo xiēdàn rán shěbùdé fàng duì róng huá guì de zhuī qiú duàn xiàng quán guì tóu shī yǐn men de zhòng shì rèn yònggōng yuán 751 nián xiàng xuán zōng jìn xiànsān 》, shòu dào zàn què mìng dài zhì xián yuànjiēguǒ děng jiù shì zhěng zhěng niánzuì zhōng hái shì méi liǎo xià wénhǎo róng dāng liǎo yòu wèi shuài bīng cáo cān jūn wéi cóng jiù yào fēi huáng téng liǎo liào jǐn jǐn yuè zhī hòuān shān zào fǎn luàn liǎo de jìhuàbǎo mìng yào jǐn jiā fēng táo chū liǎo cháng 'āngōng yuán 757 niánguō shuài bīng shōu liǎo jīng shī suí táng zōng bǎi guān huí dào liǎo cháng 'ānzhè jiē duàn zǒng suàn guò liǎo tiān 'ān wěn zhī míng zhé bǎo shēnpiān piān yào zài píng luàn jiān lǎo bài zhàng de zǎixiàng fáng wǎn shuō hǎo huà ( yīn wéi fáng wǎn zài píng duì hěn guān zhào ), suì zuì liǎo táng zōnggōng yuán 758 nián 5 yuè bèi jiàng wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūn zhī lèi de xiǎo shì hòu jiù zài méi shàng guò
   èr shì xìng biǎn zào 'ào dàn”。 zhè shì shuō deér shì cānyù biān zuǎnxīn táng shūde sòng shuō desòng rèn wéi de xìng chuán shěn yánbiǎn zào 'ào dàn”。《 táng cái chuán · shěn yán shuō shì gāo cáiào shì jiàn ”。 shěn yán shì jìn shì shì shī rénhái shì tiān de miàn shǒu zhāng zhī xiōng de zuò shàng bīn。《 xīn táng shū · shěn yán chuán shěn yán yán cán shuō guò:“ wén zhāng dāng sòng zuò guān dāng wáng zhī běi miàn。” lái háo xùn sòng wáng dǎngtáng línjuàn 'èr yòu suǒ jìzǎi céng kuā:“ shǐ zhāo míng zài shēng dāng chū liúcáoèr xiè shàng。” kuángrén jiā hái mǎi zhàng kuángquè kuáng shì shí hòu。《 xīn táng shū · wén shàngzài shù:“ huì yán jié jiàn nán dōng chuān, ( ) wǎng yān zài shuài jiàn nánbiǎo wéi cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng shì jiùdài shèn shànqīn zhì jiā jiàn zhīhuò shí jīnér xìng biǎn zào 'ào dàncháng zuì dēng chuángdèng shì yuē yán tǐng zhī nǎi yòu 'éryóu jiàn duì yán shì què lǐng qíng dejiàn dào yán dài tóu jīn zhāo yòu duō liǎo liǎo jiǔ fēng rán zhàn dào yán de bǎo zuò shàngdèng zhe yǎn jīng guài guài yàng shuō:“ yán tǐng zhī jìng yòu zhè yàng 'ér 'ā!” rén jiā yán shì rén táng táng fēng jiāng xiōng bào yǒng rán huì xīn shēng yuàn hèn。《 xīn táng shū · wén shàngzài shù:“ shā zhōu shǐ zhāng mén jiāng chūguān gōu lián sānzuǒ yòu bái bēn jiù zhǐ shā 。” shuō lái guàiyào shì yán chū mén zhǔn bèi shā de shí hòu guān bèi lián gōu liǎo sān cái yòu rén chèn gào liǎo de qīn jiù shí tiáo mìng zhǐ diū liǎozhāng jiù méi me hǎo yùnyóu kàn chūjìn guǎn yán duì yòu suǒ bāng zhùdàn cóng shì kàn deyòu shí huì jué jué biǎo chū láihòu lái yán suī méi shā dàn duì de jiē rán jiù shǎo liǎozuì zhōng yán dài xià liǎo
   sān shì shì qīng gāogāo chéng jiù。《 xīn táng shīběn chuán shuō :“ fàng kuàng jiǎnhǎo lùn tiān xià shìgāo 'ér bùqiè。” shì shàng shì méi yòu huìér shì dān liǎogōng yuán 755 nián shí suì de rán shōu dào cháo tíng de fèn wěi rèn zhuàngyào dāng xiàn wèizhù yào rèn shì zhēng shōu shuìzhuī dào zéiér qiě huāng liáng piān jué tài kěn shàng rènhòu lái zhī dào shì shuí bāng liǎo de mángjìn xíng liǎo tōng róngcháo tíng zhuǎn 'ér ràng dāng liǎo yòu wèi shuài bīng cáo cān jūnsuī rán shì zhī guāndàn chǔyú cháng 'ān jìnróng jiāo wǎngjìn shēng de huì xiǎn rán yào duō xiē shì jiù jiē shòu liǎozǒng suàn zǒu shàng liǎo shì yīn fáng wǎn shì jiàn 'ér jiàng guān hòuběn lái xián guān xiǎo de gān cuì bùgànliǎopāi zǒu réndāng nián de duō wén rén guò xià liǎodōukě kāi guǎn shòu kào shù xiū gān xīn zhǐ xiǎng dāng guānquè zǒng néng yuàn
   běi sòng 'ōu yáng xiūméi shèng shī yún:“ rán fēi shī zhī néng qióng réndài qióng zhě 'ér hòu gōng 。” qīng qián qiān féng dìng yuǎn shī yún:“ shī qióng 'ér hòu gōngshī zhī qióngér qióng zhī gōng rán 。”“ qióng 'ér hòu gōngchéng diǎn zhōng duì de jiě shì shìjiù shí wéi wén rén yuè shì qióng kùn zhìshī wén jiù xiěde yuè hǎozhèng yīn wèiyòu guò gài bān de shēng huó cái néng gòu xiě chū shǎo guān xīn láo dòng rén mín de shī láizuì zhōng bèi rén chēng wéi shī shèng guān kàn wén rén dāng gài zhēn de shì jiàn huài shì
  2、 de shī
   shēng xiě xià liǎo qiān duō shǒu shī zhōng zhù míng de yòusān 》、《 sān bié》、《 bīng chē xíng》、《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》、《 rén xíng》、《 chūn wàngděng shī chōng fēn biǎo liǎo duì rén mín de shēn tóng qíngjiē liǎo fēng jiàn shè huì xuē zhě bèi xuē zhě zhī jiān de jiān ruì duì :“ zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu yòu dòng !” zhè qiān xiǔ de shī bèi shì shì dài dài de zhōng guó rén suǒ míng 。“ shí gǎn 'ài zhuàng xīn jīng!” zhè shì duì guó 'ài de chōng fēn zhǎn shìzhè diǎn shǐ de shī yòu hěn gāo de rén mín xìng de zhè zhǒng 'ài guó zhěnzàichūn wàngwén guān jūn shōu nán běiděng míng piān zhōng biǎo xiàn fēi cháng chōng pèiér zàisān 》、《 sān biézhōngduì guǎng rén mín rěn shòu qiē tòng de 'ài guó jīng shén de sònggèng 'ài guó 'ài mín de chì zhī xīn zhǎn xiàn zài zhě miàn qiánchū duì guó rén mín de 'àiduì tǒng zhì jiē shē chǐ huāng yín de miàn huò guó yāng mín de zuì xíng rán huái yòu qiáng liè de zēng hènzhè diǎn zài xiǔ de míng piānbīng chē xíng》、《 rén xíngzhōng gèng shì dào liǎo lín jìn zhì de biǎo xiàn wěi 'ài guó zhě de yōu guó yōu mín zhī qíng rán zài fāng miàn yòu suǒ biǎo xiàn de xiē yǒng xiě jǐng de shīshèn zhì xiē yòu guān xiōng péng yǒu de shū qíng shī zhōng shèn tòu zhe duì guóduì rén mín de shēn hòu gǎn qíngzǒng zhī de shī shì táng guó yóu shèng zhuǎn shuāi de shù de shì jīng shényǒng gǎnzhōng shíshēn fǎn yìng liǎo wéi guǎng fàn de shè huì xiàn shí lùn zài zěn yàng zhǒng xiǎn 'è de xíng shì xiàtādōu méi yòu shī xìn xīn ( zhí xiǎng dāng de zhū liàng ), zài guó yōu jiǔ de wén xué shǐ shàng shī de rèn shí zuò yòngjiè jiàn zuò yòngjiào zuò yòng shěn měi zuò yòng dōushì nán de shī zuì de shù shìshī rén cháng jiāng de zhù guān gǎn shòu yǐn cáng zài guān de miáo xiě zhōngràng shì shēn dòng zhě rén xíngzhōngshī rén bìng méi yòu zhí jiē chì yáng shì xiōng mèi de huāng yínrán 'ér cóng duì men shìyǐn shí děng fāng miàn de miáo shù zhōngzuò zhě de 'ài zēng tài xiǎn
   shī yán píng tōng xiě shídàn què jiàn gōng hái cháng yòng rén bái lái chū rén xìng de xìng huà
   zài huà rén shí bié shàn zhuā zhù jié de miáo xiěběi zhēngzhōng guān 'ér de duàn wén jiù shì fēi cháng chū de shī fēng duō biàndàn zǒng lái kàn gài kuò wéi chén dùn cuòzhè de chén shì zhǐ wén zhāng de shēn chén yùn dùn cuò shì zhǐ gǎn qíng de yáng zhé yīn jié de diē dàng yáo suǒ yòu zhè qiēquè liǎo zài sān qiān duō nián de zhōng guó wén xué shǐ shàng zhì gāo shàng deshī shèngde wèi
   yuè shīzǒng shì bèi chén dùn cuò de shī fēng shēn shēn de gǎn rǎn zhebèi zuò pǐn zhōng gēn zhí xiàn shí de gāo de 'ài guó zhù shēn hòu yáng de rén dào zhù shēn shēn zhèn hànqiān bǎi nián láiyòu duō shǎo wén rén yán zhe de chuàng zuò dào wáng 'ān shí yóu shìwén tiān xiáng děng duì shī zhōng jīng shén shí zhì yòu zhe shēn 'ér quán miàn de rèn shízhēn zhèng néng zuò dào jié rén de shí dài zāo shēng huó shí jiànxiě chū shǒu yòu gāo 'ài guó zhù jīng shénshēn xiàn shí xiě zhào de shī rénshǐ men chéng wéi kuì guó rén mín suǒ shí fēn yào de shī rén
   bái chēng ”, wèile lìng liǎng wèi shī rén shāng yǐn xiǎo bié bái yòu chēng ”, cháng bèi chēng wéilǎo ”。 suī rán zài dāng cháo bùwèi shì rén suǒ zhīdàn jīng guò hòu shì de yán jiū de zuò pǐn zuì zhōng duì zhōng guó wén xué běn wén xué chǎn shēng liǎo shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng de yuē 1500 shǒu shī bèi bǎo liú liǎo xià láizuò pǐn wéi gōng 》。 zài zhōng guó diǎn shī zhōng de yǐng xiǎng fēi cháng shēn yuǎn
míng zuò jiàn shǎng Appreciation masterpiece
  yǐn zhōng xiān
  【 yuán wén
   zhī zhāng chéng chuányǎn huā luò jǐng shuǐ mián
   yáng sān dǒu shǐ cháo tiāndào féng chē kǒu liú xiánhèn fēng xiàng jiǔ quán
   zuǒ xiāng xīng fèi wàn qiányǐn cháng jīng bǎi chuānxián bēi shèng chēng xián
   zōng zhī xiāo měi shàonián shāng bái yǎn wàng qīng tiānjiǎo shù lín fēng qián
   jìn cháng zhāi xiù qiánzuì zhōng wǎng wǎng 'ài táo chán
   bái dǒu shī bǎi piāncháng 'ān shì shàng jiǔ jiā mián
   tiān lái shàng chuán chēng chén shì jiǔ zhōng xiān
   zhāng sān bēi cǎo shèng chuántuō mào dǐng wáng gōng qiánhuī háo luò zhǐ yún yān
   jiāo suì dǒu fāng zhuó rángāo tán xióng biàn jīng yán
  【 shǎng táng shí wèi shì rén cái bèi chū deyǐn zhōng xiān 》, zài shī zhōng yǒng liǎo táng shí dài zuì jié chū de wèi jīng yīng shuō tiān xià yīng cái háo chōng tiānshì shī zhōng de lìng lèi zhī zuò
   wàng yuè
  【 jiě
   wàng yuèshīgòng yòu sān shǒufēn yǒng dōng yuètài shān)、 nán yuèhéng shān)、 yuèhuá shān)。 zhè shǒu shì wàng dōng yuè tài shānkāi yuán 'èr shí nián( 736 nián ), èr shí suì de shī rén kāi shǐ guò zhǒngqiú qīng kuángde màn yóu shēng huó shī xiě běi yóu zhàojīn nán běishān dōng děng shíshì xiàn cún shī zhōng nián dài zuì zǎo de shǒu xíng jiān yáng zhe qīng nián zhǒng péng péng de zhāoqì
  【 yuán wén
   dài zōng qīng wèi liǎo
   zào huà zhōng shén xiùyīn yáng hūn xiǎo
   dàng xiōng shēng céng yúnjué guī niǎo
   huì dāng líng jué dǐng lǎn zhòng shān xiǎo
   bīng chē xíng
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, yuē zuò táng xuán zōng tiān bǎo shízǎi( 751)。 shì niántáng zhēng zuò zhàn zhēng bīngzhì shǐ mín níng yòu gǎn zuòbīng chē xíng shū fèn fèn zhī
  【 yuán wén
   chē lín lín xiāo xiāoxíng rén gōng jiàn zài yāo
   niàn zǒu xiāng sòngchén 'āi jiàn xián yáng qiáo
   qiān dùn lán dào shēng zhí shàng gān yún xiāo
   dào bàng guò zhě wèn xíng rénxíng rén dàn yún diǎn xíng pín
   huò cóng shí běi fáng biàn zhì shí yíng tián
   shí zhèng guǒ tóuguī lái tóu bái hái shù biān
   biān tíng liúxiě chéng hǎi shuǐ huáng kāi biān wèi
   jūn wén hàn jiā shān dōng 'èr bǎi zhōuqiān cūn wàn luò shēng jīng
   zòng yòu jiàn chú shēng lǒng dōng
   kuàng qín bīng nài zhànbèi quǎn
   zhǎngzhě suī yòu wèn gǎn shēn hèn
   qiě jīn nián dōngwèi xiū guān
   xiàn guān suǒ shuì cóng chū
   xìn zhī shēng nán 'èfǎn shì shēng hǎo
   shēng yóu jià línshēng nán máimò suí bǎi cǎo
   jūn jiànqīng hǎi tóu lái bái rén shōu
   xīn guǐ fán yuān jiù guǐ tiān yīn shī shēng jiū jiū
   chūn wàng
  【 jiě
   táng xiāo zōng zhì yuán nián( 756 nián yuè zhī zōng zài líng jīn níng xià líng xiàn huáng wèibiàn jiā xiǎo 'ān dùn zài zhōujīn shǎn xiànde qiāng cūnzhǐ shēn tóubèn zhōng wéi 'ān shǐ pàn jūn suǒ wǎng cháng 'ān nián chūn tiān cái tuō shēnzài bèi liú cháng 'ān de xiě liǎo duō fǎn yìng lún xiàn shēng huó de shī piānhuò gǎn shí yōu guóhuò jiā niàn qīn,《 chūn wàngjiù shì zuò shí de piān dài biǎo zuò
  【 yuán wén
   guó shān zàichéng chūn cǎo shēn
   gǎn shí huā jiàn lèihèn bié niǎo jīng xīn
   fēng huǒ lián sān yuèjiā shū wàn jīn
   bái tóu sāo gèng duǎnhún shèng zān
   shí háo
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 wéisān zhī zuò gōng yuán 759 niánān shǐ zhī luàn hòutáng yóu shèng biàn shuāiguó chéng guómín níng shì niánzuò zhě jīng xīn 'ānshí háo děng liú qiān guān zhēng dīng hòu yòu gǎn 'ér zuò shízuò zhě wéi zhōng niánshī zhōng zǎo méi yòu nián qīng shí de zhuàng zhì háo qíng liǎosuǒ wèisān 》, wéixīn 'ān 》、《 shí háo 》、《 tóng guān 》。 shí háojīn nán shěng sān mén xiá shì dōng nán
  【 yuán wén
   tóu shí háo cūnyòu zhuō rénlǎo wēng qiáng zǒulǎo chū mén kàn tīng qián zhì :“ sān nán chéng nán shū zhìèr nán xīn zhàn cún zhě qiě tōu shēng zhě cháng shì zhōng gèng rénwéi yòu xià sūnyòu sūn wèi chū wán qúnlǎo suī shuāiqǐng cóng guī yìng yáng yóu bèi chén chuī。” jiǔ shēng jué wén yōu yāntiān míng dēng qián lǎo wēng bié
   xīn hūn bié
  【 jiě
   sān biézhōng dexīn hūn bié》, jīng xīn zào liǎo shēn míng de shàofù xíng xiàng shī cǎi yòng bái xíng shìquán piān xiān hòu yòng liǎo jūndōushì xīn niàn duì xīn láng qīng de fèi zhī yán lái shēnqiè gǎn rén
  【 yuán wén
   péng yǐn màn chángjià zhēng bàngjiéfà wéi jūn nuǎn jūn chuáng hūn chén gào bié nǎi tài mángjūn xíng suī yuǎnshǒu biān yángqiè shēn wèi fēn míng bài zhāng yǎng shí lìng cángshēng yòu suǒ guī gǒu jiāngjūn jīn wǎng chén tòng zhōng chángshì suí jūn xíng shì fǎn cāng huáng wéi xīn hūn niàn shì róng xíng rén zài jūn zhōngbīng kǒng yángbái jiē pín jiā jiǔ zhì luó chángluó shīduì jūn hóng zhuāngyǎng shì bǎi niǎo fēi xiǎo shuāng xiángrén shì duō cuò jūn yǒng xiāng wàng
   chuí lǎo bié
  【 nèi róng
   jiāo wèi níng jìngchuí lǎo 'ān sūn zhèn wáng jìnyān yòng shēn wántóu zhàng chū mén tóng xíng wéi xīn suānxìng yòu chǐ cúnsuǒ bēi suǐ gānnán 'ér jiè zhòucháng bié shàng guānlǎo suì cháng dānshú zhī shì biéqiě shāng hán guīhái wén quàn jiā cān mén shèn jiānxìng yuán nánshì chéng xiàzòng shí yóu kuānrén shēng yòu shuāi shèng duān shàozhuàng chí huí jìng cháng tànwàn guó jìn zhēng shùfēng huǒ bèi gāng luán shī cǎo xīngliúxiě chuān yuán dān xiāng wéi ān gǎn shàng pán huán jué péng shì rán cuī fèi gān
   jiā bié
  【 nèi róng
   tiān bǎo hòuyuán dàn hāo bǎi jiāshì luàn dōng cún zhě xiāo zhě wéi chén jiàn yīn zhèn bàiguī lái xún jiù jiǔ xíng jiàn kōng xiàng shòu cǎn dàn duì shù máo lín suǒ yòu 'èr lǎo guǎ niǎo liàn běn zhīān qiě qióng fāng chūn hèchú hái guàn xiàn zhī zhìzhào lìng bǐng . suī cóng běn zhōu nèi suǒ xiéjìn xíng zhǐ shēnyuǎn zhōng zhuǎn jiā xiāng dàng jìnyuǎn jìn cháng tòng cháng bìng nián wěi gōu shēng zhōng shēn liǎng suān rén shēng jiā bié wéi zhēng
   shǔ xiāng
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 yuē zuò shàng yuán yuán nián( 760 nián)。 shì nián chūn bān dào huàn huā cǎo táng xiá chéng hóu yóu lǎnpíng diàozuò liǎo zhè shǒushǔ xiāng》, shū shù wǎn zhī qíng
  【 yuán wén
   chéngxiàng táng chù xúnjǐn guān chéng wài bǎi sēn sēn
   yìng jiē cǎo chūn huáng kōng hǎo yīn
   sān pín fán tiān xià liǎng cháo kāi lǎo chén xīn
   chū shī wèi jié shēn xiān cháng shǐ yīng xióng lèi mǎn jīn
   chūn
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, zuò shàng yuán 'èr niángōng yuán 761 niánchūnshì wǎn niánpiāo nánshí zài chéng suǒ zuòshī rén zài duì chūn de miáo shù zhī zhōngliú chū duì chūn de yuè zhī qíng
  【 yuán wén
   hǎo zhī shí jiédāng chūn nǎi shēng
   suí fēng qián rùn shēng
   jìng yún hēijiāng chuán huǒ míng
   xiǎo kàn hóng shī chùhuā zhòng jǐn guān chéng
   máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, zuò gōng yuán 761 niánshí zhí 'ān shǐ zhī luàn shàng wèi píng dìng zhī shàng yuán yuán nián( 760) chūn qīn yǒu zhù chéng guō wài huàn huā pàn gài cǎo táng 'ān dùn jiā nián yuècǎo táng wéi qiū fēng suǒ bǎi gǎn jiāo zuò wénmáo wéi qiū fēng suǒ zhī
  【 yuán wén
   yuè qiū gāo fēng nùháojuǎnwǒ shàng sān zhòng máomáo fēi jiāng jiāng jiāogāo zhě guà juàn cháng lín shāoxià zhě piāozhuàn chén táng 'àonán cūn qún tóng lǎo rěn néng duì miàn wéi dào zéigōng rán bào máo zhú chún jiāo kǒu zào guī lái zhàng tàn é qǐng fēng dìng yún qiū tiān xiàng hūn hēi qīn duō nián lěng tiějiāo 'ér 'è lièchuáng tóu lòu gān chù jiǎo wèi duàn jué jīng sāngluàn shǎo shuì miáncháng zhān shī yóu chèān guǎng shà qiān wàn jiān tiān xià hán shì huān yánfēng dòng 'ān shān shí yǎn qián jiàn shòu dòng
   wén guān jūn shōu nán běi
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》。 dài zōng guǎng yuán nián( 763) zhēngyuèshǐ cháo shǐ míng zhī bīng bài lín zhōng jiāng tián chéng huái xiān jiē jiàngzhì nán běi xiāng shōu shí zhōujīn chuān sān tái), nǎi zuò shī nán běizhǐ jīn luò yáng dài běi běi
  【 yuán wén
   jiàn wài chuán shōu běichū wén lèi mǎn cháng
   què kàn chóu zàimànjuǎn shī shū kuáng
   bái fàng zòng jiǔqīng chūn zuò bàn hǎo hái xiāng
   cóng xiá chuān xiábiàn xià xiāng yáng xiàng luò yáng
   jué shǒu
  【 jiě
   de yán jué duōrán 'ér zhè shǒu què shì zhōng guó zuì liú xíng de xiǎo shī zhī tōng dǒngpíng bái huàquè yòu shēn hán liǎo shī rén de shěn měi xiǎng shòu wén rén xué zhě suǒ tuī shuō shì wéi gòng shǎng
  【 yuán wén
   liǎng zhǐ huáng míng cuì liǔyīháng bái shàng qīng tiān
   chuāng hán lǐng qiān qiū xuěmén dōng wàn chuán
   shū huái
  【 jiě
  《 shū huái》, shì kāi chéng xié jiā chéng zhōu dōng xiàjīng guò zhōu chuān chóngqìng)、 zhōng zhōu chuān zhōng xiànshí( 765 niánxiě de
   zǎo suì suī yòuzhì jūn yáo shùn shàngzài shǐ fēng chúnde xiǎngdào tóu lái shénme shìdōu méi yòu zuò chéngzhǐ luò nián lǎo duō bìngqīn péng líng luòzhǐ shēn piāo zhì shēn zhè yàng hào miǎo de jiāng shàng fǎng shì tiān jiān de zhǐ shā 'ōufēi wǎng 'ā zuò zhě de gǎn kǎi shì hěn shēn chén de
  【 yuán wén
   cǎo wēi fēng 'ànwēi qiáng zhōu
   xīng chuí píng kuòyuè yǒng jiāng liú
   míng wén zhāng zhùguān yìng lǎo bìng xiū
   piāo piāo suǒ tiān shā 'ōu
   dēng gāo
  【 jiě
   jiàn gōng 》, xiě táng dài zōng 'èr nián( 767) qiūshí liú luò kuí zhōujīn chuān fèng jié)。 jiǔ yuè jiǔ yòu dēng gāo shī dēng gāo yòu gǎn 'ér zuòshū xiě cháng nián piāo de tòng lǎo bìng chóu zhī gǎn shī bèi chēng wéi jīn shī”。
  【 yuán wén
   fēng tiān gāo yuán xiào 'āizhǔ qīng shā bái niǎo fēi huí
   biān luò xiāo xiāo xià jìn cháng jiāng gǔn gǔn lái
   wàn bēi qiū cháng zuò bǎi nián duō bìng dēng tái
   jiān nán hèn fán shuāng bìnliáo dǎo xīn tíng zhuó jiǔ bēi
   jiāng nán féng guī nián
  【 jiě
   guī niántáng cháo kāi yuántiān bǎo nián jiān de míng yuèshī nián qīng shí zài luò yáng céng tīng guò de yǎn chàngwǎn nián piāo jiāng nán hòu jìng yuèshī chóngféngzhè shí hòu ān shǐ zhī luàn qián deshèng táng shí jīng shí duō nián liǎoshī rén guī nián dōushì wǎn nián liǎozài zhè yàng de jìng xiāng féngyòu huí yòu shāng gǎn shìshī rén yòng fēi cháng hán de yánshuō chū liǎo shèng jīn shuāi de gǎn kǎi
  【 yuán wén
   wáng zhái xún cháng jiàncuī jiǔ táng qián wén
   zhèng shì jiāng nán hǎo fēng jǐngluò huā shí jié yòu féng jūn
   zhèn
  【 jiě
   niàn shī shèng zuì jìng zhòng de hóu
  【 yuán wén
   gōng gài sān fēn guómíng chéng zhèn
   jiāng liú shí zhuǎn hèn shī tūn
   lǎo
   lǎo biān jiāng 'àn huíchái mén zhèng zhú jiāng kāi
   rén wǎng chéng tán xiàjiǎ chuán suí fǎn zhào lái
   cháng guān xīn bēi jiàn piàn yún bàng qín tái
   wáng shī wèi bào shōu dōng jùnchéng jué qiū shēng huà jiǎo 'āi
  【 shǎng 】  shī xiě shàng yuán yuán nián( 760), zhè shí gāng zài chéng jiāo de cǎo táng dìng xià láijīng guò cháng nián diān pèi liú zhī hòuzǒng suàn dào liǎo zhī chùzhè shǐ liáo gǎn xīn wèirán 'ér guó jiā cán shēng mín tàn de xiàn shíquè shí shí zài zhuàng de xīn língshǐ níng jìngzhè shǒu shī jiù jiē shì liǎo nèi xīn zhè zhǒng wēi miào shēn de gǎn qíng dòng
   rén xíng
   sān yuè sān tiān xīncháng 'ān shuǐ biān duō rén
   tài nóng yuǎn shū qiě zhēn nèn ròu yún
   xiù luó cháng zhào chūn jīn kǒng què yín lín
   tóu shàng suǒ yòucuì wéi chuí bìn chún
   bèi hòu suǒ jiànzhū yāo jié wěn chēng shēn
   jiù zhōng yún jiāo fáng qīn míng guó guó qín
   tuó zhī fēng chū cuì shuǐ jīng zhī pán xíng lín
   zhù yàn jiǔ wèi xiàluán dāo qiē kōng fēn guān
   huáng mén fēi kòng dòng chén chú luò sòng zhēn
   xiāo guǎn 'āi yín gǎn guǐ shénbīn cóng shí yào jīn
   hòu lái 'ān qūn xúndāng xuān xià jǐn yīn
   yáng huā xuě luò bái píngqīng niǎo fēi xián hóng jīn
   zhì shǒu shì jué lúnshèn jìn qián chéngxiàng chēn
  【 shǎng zhè shǒu yán shī yuē zuò tiān bǎo shí 'èr nián( 753) de chūn tiāndāng shí táng xuán zōng lóng shēng huó bài chǒng xìng yáng guì fēiyáng jiā xiōng jiě mèi yīn qún dài guān 'ér fēi huáng téng yáng guó zhōng tiān bǎo shí nián( 752) lín dāng liǎo yòu chéngxiàngyáng jiā sān jiě mèi yědōu fēng guó rényáng jiā zhái zhàng shì rénzuò wēi zuò guò zhe zhǒng shēng xiǔ de shēng huóér yáng guó zhōng wèi guó rén jiān de yín luàn guān gèng shì chǒu wénzhè shǒu shī duì zhè xiǎo cuō rén shì jiāo hénghuāng yín chǐ de chǒu tài zuì xíngjìn xíng liǎo shēn de bào fěng quán shī chén chéng yán qīng xīn zhuāng xié hán fěng yùn tòu zhǐ bèi。 [ cān kǎo liào ]:《 shī xuǎnzhōu méngféng hēi lóng jiāng rén mín chū bǎn shè 1980.6
   qiū xīng shǒu
   diāo shāng fēng shù lín shān xiá xiāo sēn
   jiāng jiān làng jiān tiān yǒngsài shàng fēng yún jiē yīn
   cóng liǎng kāi lèi zhōu yuán xīn
   hán chù chù cuī dāo chǐbái chéng gāo zhēn
   pín kùn jiāo jiā de shī rén
   jīn zhōng wàiwén rén dāng gài bìng xiǎnjiàn
   chū zài cháng 'ān de niányóu dào rèn yònghòu lái jiā zhī qīn shìshī liǎo dìng de jīng lái yuándǎo zhì shēng huó xiàn kùn dùn yòu sūn zhù zài cháng 'ān chéng nán jiāowèile dāo rǎo dùn fàn chī měi měi qián zǒu dòngdàn zhè wèi sūn shēng huó kuānchuojiàn cháng bèi lái liǎoxīn lǎo de zuǐ shàng hǎo shuō shénmequè zài xíng dòng shàng biǎo xiàn chū lái jǐng shuǐ táo shǐ jìn bǎi dòng shuǐ tǒng shuǐ jiǎo tǐng húndào yuán zhōng kǎn càifàng shǒu luàn kǎn duì gǎn kǎi wàn fēnzuòshì cóng sūn 》“ píng míng kuà chūwèi zhī shì shuí ménquán mén duō zǔn yǎoqiě xún zhū sūnxiǎo rén kǒu shí nán lùnsuǒ lái wéi zōng bùwèi pán sūn shòu wài xián cāitóng xìng suǒ dūnbiàn shì zāo zōng lěng luò hòu liáng xīn jìng de biǎo 。  dāng rán hǎo yǒu xiāng zhùyòu nào nüè bèi zhēténg miàn huáng shòutóu bái yǎn huāchàdiǎn yào liǎo mìng bìng chū zhǔ zhe guǎi zhàng chū mén sàn xīn zhī jué lái dào wáng jiā mén kǒuwáng jiàn zhè bān múyàngshí fēn tóng qíngmǎi ròu mǎi jiǔ qíng zhāo dài liǎo zuò shībìng hòu guò wáng yǐn zèng biǎo shì gǎn :“ dàn shǐ cán nián bǎo fànzhǐ yuàn shì cháng xiāng jiàn。”
   shí cóng shí jiù yòu guò liǎo dào chù tǎo de shītóu jiǎn xián huá liǎng xiàn zhū 》“ dòng xiàng xún chì lián bǎi jiébiàn shì zhè duàn cháng 'ān shēng huó de zhēn shí xiě zhào。《 yún xiān · fēi chányǐnfàng huái 》:“ měi péng yǒu zhìyǐn jiàn wéi shì jiàn 'ér tuìshǐ sòng fēi chán zhù zhuāng shì。” zhàng qióng kùnlǎo rán shì hán suān xiāng hái jué dǎo shì rén shí zài kàn guò yǎnjiào rén sòng liǎo tóu shàng zhuāng shì pǐn guò lái
   hòu lái bèi kāi cháng 'ānliú luò dào liǎo dào chéng jiā rén xiān shì jiè zhù zài huàn huā pàn de zuò jiā jiē kāi guō liǎo yòu suǒ jìzǎi:“ mén jiù kōnglǎo yán tóngchī 'ér zhī jiào suǒ fàn mén dōng。” xiǎo 'ér 'è shí zài shì káng zhù liǎo jiù zhī chòngzhe qīn zhèn hǒujiào gǎn kuài dào lín tǎo kǒu fàn huí lái chīméi yòu bàn dāng guò tiān xiǎo guān de shí zài xià miàn zhǐ hǎo yìng zhe tóu xià miàn gěi lǎo xiāngpéng zhōu shǐ gāo shì chū qiú yuán xìn:“ bǎi nián guò bànqiū zhì zhuǎn hánwéi wèn péng zhōu shí jiù nán?” gāo shì cóng bǎi zhī wài bèi lái jiē lín yòu sòng xiē xiǎo càishǐ miǎn què liǎo zhī chuī de kùn yòu shī wéi zhèng:“ sēng láo luòkòngfáng rén gōng lín shè yuán shū。”
   zhèn shǔ de jiàn nán jié shǐ yán zhī míng jiàn wéi jiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng gōng jiù shì zhè yàng lái depéng yǒu yǐn péi miǎn hái wèitā zài huàn huā shàng yóu xuǎn liǎo kuài fēng jǐng cuò de fāng xiū jiàn liǎo zuò máo jiù shì men xiàn zài kàn dào de cǎo táng。  gōng yuán 765 niányán bìng hòu yuè xié 'ér chéng chuán dōng xià kāi liǎo chéng liù nián hòujiù táng shū · wén yuàn běn chuán》:“ nǎi yán xiāng liúyóu héng shān lěi yáng cháng yóu yuè miàowéi bào shuǐ suǒ xún shílěi yáng lìng zhī zhī zhào zhōu yíng 'ér háiyǒng tài 'èr niándàn niú ròu bái jiǔ 'ér lěi yángshí nián shí yòu jiǔ。” zhì qíng kuàng shì kāi chuān hòu de nányóu bèi rán de hóng shuǐ suǒ wéi kùnlián 'è liǎo jiǔ tiāndāng xiàn lìng yòng xiǎo chuán jiāng jiù liǎo huí lái niú ròu bái jiǔ zhāo dài nán tāo tiè huí de dāng wǎn jiù yīn wéi zuì bǎo guò 'ér shì liǎo
   guò zhe jìn gài shēng huó de yuán yīnzhù yào yòu sān
   shì shí yùn jīn tiān de huà shuōjiù shì yòu xiē bèi shí nián qīng shí qiú shàng jìn,《 táng cái chuánshuō shǎo pín zhèn yuè zhào jiān”。 gōng yuán 747 niánfēng liú tiān táng xuán zōng zhào lìng tiān xià cái dào jīng shī jiù xuǎn yòu xiē shī míng de sān shí suì de cái xīng chōng chōng qián wǎng yìng shìrán 'értiān suì yuàn shuō shì jiānxiàng lín hài xián cái xuǎn chí cháo zhèng shì cóng zhōng zuò gěngjiǎo liǎo zhì shǐ rén fǎn 'ér shàng biǎo zhù huáng shuō shì xián”。 ér jiù zài shí céng rèn yǎn zhōu fèng tiān xiàn lìng de qīn xián shìduàn jué liǎo shēng huó de lái yuán shēng yán jiē mài yàohuò shí péng yǒu chùzhè duàn pín kùn de bèi xiě jìn liǎo shǒu wéifèng zèng wéi zuǒ chéng zhàng 'èr shí 'èr yùnde shī zhōng:“ cháo kòu 'ér mén suí féi chéncán bēi lěng zhìdào chù qián bēi xīn。” zhè shì dāng gài de kāi shǐjìn guǎn cháng 'ān de shì liǎo xiēdàn rán shěbùdé fàng duì róng huá guì de zhuī qiú duàn xiàng quán guì tóu shī yǐn men de zhòng shì rèn yònggōng yuán 751 nián xiàng xuán zōng jìn xiànsān 》, shòu dào zàn què mìng dài zhì xián yuànjiēguǒ děng jiù shì zhěng zhěng niánzuì zhōng hái shì méi liǎo xià wénhǎo róng dāng liǎo yòu wèi shuài bīng cáo cān jūn wéi cóng jiù yào fēi huáng téng liǎo liào jǐn jǐn yuè zhī hòuān shān zào fǎn luàn liǎo de jìhuàbǎo mìng yào jǐn jiā fēng táo chū liǎo cháng 'āngōng yuán 757 niánguō shuài bīng shōu liǎo jīng shī suí táng zōng bǎi guān huí dào liǎo cháng 'ānzhè jiē duàn zǒng suàn guò liǎo tiān 'ān wěn zhī míng zhé bǎo shēnpiān piān yào zài píng luàn jiān lǎo bài zhàng de zǎixiàng fáng wǎn shuō hǎo huà ( yīn wéi fáng wǎn zài píng duì hěn guān zhào ), suì zuì liǎo táng zōnggōng yuán 758 nián 5 yuè bèi jiàng wéi huá zhōu gōng cān jūn zhī lèi de xiǎo shì hòu jiù zài méi shàng guò
   èr shì xìng biǎn zào 'ào dàn”。 zhè shì shuō deér shì cānyù biān zuǎnxīn táng shūde sòng shuō desòng rèn wéi de xìng chuán shěn yánbiǎn zào 'ào dàn”。《 táng cái chuán · shěn yán shuō shì gāo cáiào shì jiàn ”。 shěn yán shì jìn shì shì shī rénhái shì tiān de miàn shǒu zhāng zhī xiōng de zuò shàng bīn。《 xīn táng shū · shěn yán chuán shěn yán yán cán shuō guò:“ wén zhāng dāng sòng zuò guān dāng wáng zhī běi miàn。” lái háo xùn sòng wáng dǎngtáng línjuàn 'èr yòu suǒ jìzǎi céng kuā:“ shǐ zhāo míng zài shēng dāng chū liúcáoèr xiè shàng。” kuángrén jiā hái mǎi zhàng kuángquè kuáng shì shí hòu。《 xīn táng shū · wén shàngzài shù:“ huì yán jié jiàn nán dōng chuān, ( ) wǎng yān zài shuài jiàn nánbiǎo wéi cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài láng shì jiùdài shèn shànqīn zhì jiā jiàn zhīhuò shí jīnér xìng biǎn zào 'ào dàncháng zuì dēng chuángdèng shì yuē:‘ yán tǐng zhī nǎi yòu 'ér!’” yóu jiàn duì yán shì què lǐng qíng dejiàn dào yán dài tóu jīn zhāo yòu duō liǎo liǎo jiǔ fēng rán zhàn dào yán de bǎo zuò shàngdèng zhe yǎn jīng guài guài yàng shuō:“ yán tǐng zhī jìng yòu zhè yàng 'ér 'ā!” rén jiā yán shì rén táng táng fēng jiāng xiōng bào yǒng rán huì xīn shēng yuàn hèn。《 xīn táng shū · wén shàngzài shù:“ shā zhōu shǐ zhāng mén jiāng chūguān gōu lián sānzuǒ yòu bái bēn jiù zhǐ shā 。” shuō lái guàiyào shì yán chū mén zhǔn bèi shā de shí hòu guān bèi lián gōu liǎo sān cái yòu rén chèn gào liǎo de qīn jiù shí tiáo mìng zhǐ diū liǎozhāng jiù méi me hǎo yùnyóu kàn chūjìn guǎn yán duì yòu suǒ bāng zhùdàn cóng shì kàn deyòu shí huì jué jué biǎo chū láihòu lái yán suī méi shā dàn duì de jiē rán jiù shǎo liǎozuì zhōng yán dài xià liǎo
   sān shì shì qīng gāogāo chéng jiù。《 xīn táng shīběn chuán shuō :“ fàng kuàng jiǎnhǎo lùn tiān xià shìgāo 'ér bùqiè。” shì shàng shì méi yòu huìér shì dān liǎogōng yuán 755 nián shí suì de rán shōu dào cháo tíng de fèn wěi rèn zhuàngyào dāng xiàn wèizhù yào rèn shì zhēng shōu shuìzhuī dào zéiér qiě huāng liáng piān jué tài kěn shàng rènhòu lái zhī dào shì shuí bāng liǎo de mángjìn xíng liǎo tōng róngcháo tíng zhuǎn 'ér ràng dāng liǎo yòu wèi shuài bīng cáo cān jūnsuī rán shì zhī guāndàn chǔyú cháng 'ān jìnróng jiāo wǎngjìn shēng de huì xiǎn rán yào duō xiē shì jiù jiē shòu liǎozǒng suàn zǒu shàng liǎo shì yīn fáng wǎn shì jiàn 'ér jiàng guān hòuběn lái xián guān xiǎo de gān cuì bùgànliǎopāi zǒu réndāng nián de duō wén rén guò xià liǎodōukě kāi guǎn shòu kào shù xiū gān xīn zhǐ xiǎng dāng guānquè zǒng néng yuàn
   běi sòng 'ōu yáng xiūméi shèng shī yún:“ rán fēi shī zhī néng qióng réndài qióng zhě 'ér hòu gōng 。” qīng qián qiān 《〈 féng dìng yuǎn shī yún:“ shī qióng 'ér hòu gōngshī zhī qióngér qióng zhī gōng rán 。”“ qióng 'ér hòu gōngchéng diǎn zhōng duì de jiě shì shìjiù shí wéi wén rén yuè shì qióng kùn zhìshī wén jiù xiěde yuè hǎozhèng yīn wèiyòu guò gài bān de shēng huó cái néng gòu xiě chū shǎo guān xīn láo dòng rén mín de shī láizuì zhōng bèi rén chēng wéi shī shèng guān kàn wén rén dāng gài zhēn de shì jiàn huài shì
  2、 de shī
   shēng xiě xià liǎo qiān duō shǒu shī zhōng zhù míng de yòusān 》、《 sān bié》、《 bīng chē xíng》、《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》、《 rén xíng》、《 chūn wàngděng shī chōng fēn biǎo liǎo duì rén mín de shēn tóng qíngjiē liǎo fēng jiàn shè huì xuē zhě bèi xuē zhě zhī jiān de jiān ruì duì :“ zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu yòu dòng !” zhè qiān xiǔ de shī bèi shì shì dài dài de zhōng guó rén suǒ míng 。“ shí gǎn 'ài zhuàng xīn jīng!” zhè shì duì guó 'ài de chōng fēn zhǎn shìzhè diǎn shǐ de shī yòu hěn gāo de rén mín xìng de zhè zhǒng 'ài guó zhěnzàichūn wàngwén guān jūn shōu nán běiděng míng piān zhōng biǎo xiàn fēi cháng chōng pèiér zàisān 》、《 sān biézhōngduì guǎng rén mín rěn shòu qiē tòng de 'ài guó jīng shén de sònggèng 'ài guó 'ài mín de chì zhī xīn zhǎn xiàn zài zhě miàn qiánchū duì guó rén mín de 'àiduì tǒng zhì jiē shē chǐ huāng yín de miàn huò guó yāng mín de zuì xíng rán huái yòu qiáng liè de zēng hènzhè diǎn zài xiǔ de míng piānbīng chē xíng》、《 rén xíngzhōng gèng shì dào liǎo lín jìn zhì de biǎo xiàn wěi 'ài guó zhě de yōu guó yōu mín zhī qíng rán zài fāng miàn yòu suǒ biǎo xiàn de xiē yǒng xiě jǐng de shīshèn zhì xiē yòu guān xiōng péng yǒu de shū qíng shī zhōng shèn tòu zhe duì guóduì rén mín de shēn hòu gǎn qíngzǒng zhī de shī shì táng guó yóu shèng zhuǎn shuāi de shù de shì jīng shényǒng gǎnzhōng shíshēn fǎn yìng liǎo wéi guǎng fàn de shè huì xiàn shí lùn zài zěn yàng zhǒng xiǎn 'è de xíng shì xiàtādōu méi yòu shī xìn xīn ( zhí xiǎng dāng de zhū liàng ), zài guó yōu jiǔ de wén xué shǐ shàng shī de rèn shí zuò yòngjiè jiàn zuò yòngjiào zuò yòng shěn měi zuò yòng dōushì nán de shī zuì de shù shìshī rén cháng jiāng de zhù guān gǎn shòu yǐn cáng zài guān de miáo xiě zhōngràng shì shēn dòng zhě rén xíngzhōngshī rén bìng méi yòu zhí jiē chì yáng shì xiōng mèi de huāng yínrán 'ér cóng duì men shìyǐn shí děng fāng miàn de miáo shù zhōngzuò zhě de 'ài zēng tài xiǎn
   shī yán píng tōng xiě shídàn què jiàn gōng hái cháng yòng rén bái lái chū rén xìng de xìng huà
   zài huà rén shí bié shàn zhuā zhù jié de miáo xiěběi zhēngzhōng guān 'ér de duàn wén jiù shì fēi cháng chū de shī fēng duō biàndàn zǒng lái kàn gài kuò wéi chén dùn cuòzhè de chén shì zhǐ wén zhāng de shēn chén yùn dùn cuò shì zhǐ gǎn qíng de yáng zhé yīn jié de diē dàng yáo suǒ yòu zhè qiēquè liǎo zài sān qiān duō nián de zhōng guó wén xué shǐ shàng zhì gāo shàng deshī shèngde wèi
   yuè shīzǒng shì bèi chén dùn cuò de shī fēng shēn shēn de gǎn rǎn zhebèi zuò pǐn zhōng gēn zhí xiàn shí de gāo de 'ài guó zhù shēn hòu yáng de rén dào zhù shēn shēn zhèn hànqiān bǎi nián láiyòu duō shǎo wén rén yán zhe de chuàng zuò dào wáng 'ān shí yóu shìwén tiān xiáng děng duì shī zhōng jīng shén shí zhì yòu zhe shēn 'ér quán miàn de rèn shízhēn zhèng néng zuò dào jié rén de shí dài zāo shēng huó shí jiànxiě chū shǒu yòu gāo 'ài guó zhù jīng shénshēn xiàn shí xiě zhào de shī rénshǐ men chéng wéi kuì guó rén mín suǒ shí fēn yào de shī rén
   bái chēng ”, wèile lìng liǎng wèi shī rén shāng yǐn xiǎo bié bái yòu chēng ”, cháng bèi chēng wéilǎo ”。 suī rán zài dāng cháo bùwèi shì rén suǒ zhīdàn jīng guò hòu shì de yán jiū de zuò pǐn zuì zhōng duì zhōng guó wén xué běn wén xué chǎn shēng liǎo shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng de yuē 1500 shǒu shī bèi bǎo liú liǎo xià láizuò pǐn wéi gōng 》。 zài zhōng guó diǎn shī zhōng de yǐng xiǎng fēi cháng shēn yuǎn
shēng píng Du Fu's life
   shēng zàifèng shǒu guānbìng yòu wén xué chuán tǒng de jiā tíng zhōngshì zhù míng shī rén shěn yán zhī sūn。 7 suì xué shī, 15 suì yáng míng shēng zhìzhǐ zuò guò xiē zuǒ shí děng xiǎo guānsuī rán hòu shì bèi chēng wéishī shèng”, shī bèi chēng wéishī shǐ”, zài táng cháo dāng shí bìng méi yòu dào rén men de zhòng shìyòu shǒu wéi liù jué 'èr)》 jiù shì xiěchū táng jiéde:“ wáng yáng luò dāng shí qīng wéi wén shěn wèi xiūěr cáo shēn míng miè fèi jiāng wàn liú。” zhōng yòu shī rén de ér de jīng hèshī chuàng zuò zhù yào fēn wéi shí
   shū màn yóu shí sān shí suì qián
   suǒ wèifàng dàng zhào jiānqiú qīng kuáng”。
   kāi yuán shí jiǔ niánshí 'èr shí suìshǐ màn yóu yuè, 5 nián zhī hòu guī luò yáng yìng zhī hòu zài màn yóu zhàozhī hòu zài luò yáng báiliǎng rén xiāng jiàn hèn wǎnjié xià liǎo shēn hòu yǒu 'ér yòu gāo shìsān rén tóng yóu liángsòngjīn kāi fēngshāng qiū), hòu lái yòu dào zhōufēn shǒu hòu yòu dōng zài fēn biézhè biàn shìshī xiānshī shèngde zuì hòu xiāng jiàn
   èrkùn cháng 'ān shí sān shí zhì shí suì
   zhè shí xiān zài cháng 'ān yìng shìluò dāng cháo zǎixiàng lín wèile dào quán qīng cháo de mùdìjìng rán xiàng táng xuán zōng shuō rén zhòngjǔhòu lái xiàng huáng xiàn xiàng guì rén tóu zèngguò zhecháo kòu 'ér mén suí féi chéncán bēi lěng zhìdào chù qián bēi xīnde shēng huózuì hòu cái dào yòu wèi shuài zhòu cáo cān jūnzhù yào shì kānshǒu bīng jiá zhàng suǒ chí de xiǎo guān ) de shǎng shízhè jiān xiě liǎobīng chē xíng》、《 rén xíngděng píng shí zhèngfěng quán guì de shī piānér jīng fèng xiān xiàn yǒng huái bǎi yóu wéi zhù míngbiāo zhì zhe jīng shí niáncháng'ān kùn shēng huó hòu duì cháo tíng zhèng zhìshè huì xiàn shí de rèn shí dào liǎo xīn de gāo
   
   sānxiàn zéi wéi guān shí shí zhì shí suì
   ān shǐ zhī luàn bào tóng guān shī shǒu jiā 'ān zhì zài zhōu tóu zōngzhōng wéi 'ān shǐ pàn jūn huò dào cháng 'ān miàn duì hùn luàn de cháng 'āntīng dào guān jūn zài bài tuì de xiāo xiě chéngyuè 》、《 chūn wàng》、《 āi jiāng tóu》、 děng shīhòu lái qián táo dào fèng xiáng xíng zàizuò zuǒ shí yóu zhōng yán zhí jiànshàng shū wéi zǎixiàng fáng guǎn shì bèi biǎn huá zhōu gōng cān jūnfáng guǎn shàn kāng kǎi chén wéi diǎn xíng de zhī shí fènzǐdàn bùqiè shí pàn jūn zhàncǎi yòng chūn qiū zhèn jiēguǒ bài zōng wèn zuì shǐ wéi zuǒ shí shàng shū yán fáng guǎn zuì zōng wèn zuìxìng tuō)。 hòu yòng shī de xíng shì de jiàn wén zhēn shí xià láichéng wéi xiǔ de zuò pǐnsān ”、“ sān bié”。
  “ sān ”: wéishí háo 》、《 xīn 'ān 》、《 tóng guān 》;“ sān bié”: wéixīn hūn bié》、《 jiā bié》、《 chuí lǎo bié》。
   nán piào shí shí zhì shí suì
   suí zhe jiǔ jié guān jūn zài xiāng zhōu bài guān huāng guānxié jiā suí rén mín táonànjīng qín zhōutóng děng dào liǎo chéng guò liǎo duàn jiào 'ān dìng de shēng huóyán cháoshǔ zhōng jūn zuò luàn piào liú dào zhōulàng zhōuhòu yán wéi jiàn nán jié shǐ shè chéng tóu wǎng yányán zài piāo zài kuí zhōu zhù liǎng nián yòu piào liú dào běi nán dàibìng zài xiāng jiāng shàngzhè shí zuò pǐn yòuchūn 》、《 máo wéi qiū fēng suǒ 》、《 shǔ xiāng》、《 wén guān jūn shōu nán běi》、《 dēng gāo》、《 dēng yuè yáng lóuděng liàng míng zuò zhōng zuì wéi zhù míng de shī wéi:“ ān guǎng shà qiān wàn jiān tiān xià hán shì huān yán。” érdēng gāozhōng de:“ biān luò xiāo xiāo xià jìn cháng jiāng gǔn gǔn láigèng shì qiān jué chàng
rén yǐng xiǎng Personal influence
   shàn yùn yòng diǎn shī de duō zhìbìng jiā chuàng zào xìng zhǎn shì hàn shī de kāi rén de yuèfǔ shī chéng liǎo zhōng táng shí xīn yùn dòng de zhǎn de cháng piān shī shǐzhǎn kāi ér yòu zhuólì quán piān de huí xuán wǎng biāo zhì zhe guó shī shù de gāo chéng jiù zài shàng biǎo xiàn chū xiǎn zhù de chuàng zào xìng lěi liǎo guān shēng duì zhàngliàn liàn děng wán zhěng de shù jīng yànshǐ zhè cái dào wán quán chéng shú de jiē duàn
bǎi diǎn Encyclopedia
杜甫 百科辞典
  Du Fu
  
     dài shī rén měi xiāng yángjīn shǔ běi), shēng nán gǒng xiàn
     yóu zài cháng 'ān shí zhù zài chéng nán shǎo líng jìn chēng shǎo líng lǎozài chéng shí bèi jiàn wéi jié cān móujiǎn xiào gōng yuán wài lánghòu shì yòu chēng wéi shǎo líng gōng
     shēng píng  shēngzhǎng zàifèng shǒu guānbìng yòu wén xué chuán tǒng de jiā tíng zhōng de shěn yán shì hòu shí de zhù míng shī rénguān shàn yuán wài láng qīn xiáncéng rèn yǎn zhōu fèng tiān xiàn lìng 7 suì kāi shǐ xué shī, 15 suì shí shī wén jiù yǐn luò yáng míng shì men de zhòng shì de shēng huó cóng 20 suì hòu fēn wéi shí
     màn yóu shí   cóng xuán zōng kāi yuán shí jiǔ nián( 731) zhì tiān bǎo zài (745)。 jìn xíng liǎo liǎng cháng de màn yóu shì zài jiāng nán dài dào guò jīn líng zhè jiāngfàn zhōu shàn zhí zhì tiān lǎo shān xiàkāi yuán 'èr shí sān nián huí luò yáng yìng jìn shì kǎo shìwèi bèi nián zài zhào dài kāi shǐ liǎo 'èr màn yóu wǎn nián huí dāng shí de qíng jǐng shì:“ fàng dàng zhào jiānqiú qīng kuáng。”(《 zhuàng yóu》) zài zhè liǎng màn yóu kàn dào guó xiù xióng wěi de shān chuān liǎo jiāng nán shān dōng de wén huàkuò liǎo yǎn jièfēng liǎo jiàn wénkāi yuán 'èr shí jiǔ niánzhù luò yáng yǎn shī zhī jiān de shǒu yáng shān xià néng zài zhè shí rén yáng shì jié hūntiān bǎo sānzǎizài luò yáng bái xiāng èr rén chàng yóu fǎng dào xún yǒután shī lùn wényòu shí lùn shí shìjié xià shēn hòu de yǒu nián qiū jiāng cháng 'ān bái zhǔn bèi zhòng yóu jiāng dōng men zài yǎn zhōu fēn shǒu hòu méi yòu zài huì miàn wèicǐ xiě guò shǎo huái niàn bái de gǎn rén shī piān
     zhè shí táng wáng cháo hái qiáng shèngcāng lǐn xiāng dāng chōng shí shì xuán zōng kāi shǐ hàodàxǐgōngkāi tuò biān jiāngxiāo hào liàng rén shè huì shàng jīng yǐn zhe 'ān dìng de wēi duì yòu suǒ gǎndàn bìng wèi zhèng shì guò de shì dēng shān shè shuǐgāo yóu liè de làng màn shēng huó zài zhè shí xiě de shī , gēn de shù , néng yòu shù bǎi shǒu guò zhǐ yòu 'èr shí shǒu liú chuán xià láizhù yào shì yán shī yán shī zhōng suī yòu xiàngwàng yuè yàng tóng fán xiǎng de zuò pǐn , dàn zǒng de shuō lái , hái méi yòu chāo yuè shěn yán shí míng shī rén de shuǐ píng
     cháng 'ān shí   cóng tiān bǎo wǔzǎi zhì tiān bǎo shí zài zài cháng 'ān zhù 10 nián de shēng huó xiǎng chuàng zuò shēng liǎo de biàn huà dào cháng 'ān de shì qiú guān zhíyòu suǒ jiàn shùtiān bǎo liù zàixuán zōng zhào zhēng wén xué shù yòu zhī cháng de rén dào jīng jiù xuǎn cān jiā liǎo zhè kǎo shìdàn yóu kǒu jiànzhù chēng de zhōng shū lìng lín yīn móu huài , yìng shì zhě méi yòu rén bèi xuǎntiān bǎo shízǎi , xuán zōng xíng sān shèng diǎn xuán yuán huáng lǎo tài miào tiān xiě chéng sān piān jìn xiàn dào xuán zōng de zàn shǎngmìng zǎixiàng kǎo shì de wén zhāngděng dài fēn pèiyòu méi yòu xià wén duàn xiě shī tóu zèng quán guì wàng dào men de tuī jiànyědōu háo jiēguǒzuì hòu dào yòu wèi shuài zhòu cáo cān jūn de zhí zhè jīng shì zài cháng 'ān de ān shān pàn luàn de qián
     xuán zōng wǎn nián wán quán gǎi biàn liǎo zài kāi yuán shí jīng zhì de yōu liáng zhèng fēng rèn zǎixiàng tān jiāo héngbiān jiāng qióng bīng zài gōng zhōng xún huān zuò rén mín shòu dào de shuì zhēng de cán xuē jiā cháng kùn shí”, wèile wéi chí shēng chū guì chōng dāngbīn ”, péi bàn men shī jiǔ yóu shǎo zhùtóng shí , jié jiāo xiē tóng yàng pín kùn de péng yǒu , jiào guǎng fàn jiē chù láo dòng rén mín de cóng pín de fāng xiàng zǒu dào guì de yuán líncóng zhòng lóu gāo jìng háo huá de jiāng zǒu dào zhēng rén chū jīng guò de xián yáng qiáo pànshì yào qiú de shī bài shǐ néng guān rèn shí tǒng zhì jiē céng de bài rén de hán jiāo shǐ néng huì dào rén mín de , zhè liǎng fāng miàn jié rán tóng de shēng huó dōuzài shī zhōng dào fǎn yìngtiān bǎo shí yīzǎi hòu xiě chūbīng chē xíng》、《 rén xíng》、《 qián chū sài》、《 hòu chū sàiděng xiǔ de míng piānkāi shǐ gěi dāng shí de shī zēng tiān xīn de nèi róng xīn de biǎo fāng tiān bǎo shí zài dōng , tàn shì zài fèng xiān de xiě chū jīng fèng xiān xiàn yǒng huái bǎi 》, biǎo liǎo qióng nián yōu yuántàn cháng nèi de shēn qíngyòngzhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu yòu dòng gài kuò liǎo shè huì shàng jiān ruì de máo dùnyòu miáo huì liǎo mén wén hào yòu de jiā tíng jǐng
yīngwénjièshì
  1. n.:  Du Fu
jìnyící
měi , shǎo líng lǎo , líng , líng
xiàngguāncí
wén huà táng shī wén xué cháng shí táng róng yuán shī shī chóngyáng jié
yán shī chūn shī zhàn zhēng shī shù gèng duō jiēguǒ ...
fēnlèixiángqíng
gèng duō jiēguǒ ...
luò huā shí jié yòu féng jūn qián kūn yuè shì xiāng míng
fēi lái shuāng bái dān qīng yǐn jiāng niǎo bái
píng kāi jīn kǒng què hún shèng zān shū wàn juàn
rén qiáo cuì shè rén xiān shè rùn shēng
jiāo lóng yún huáng tiān lǎo yǎn cháo kòu 'ér mén
péng mén jīn shǐ wéi jūn kāi wén zhāng zēng mìng lǎn zhòng shān xiǎo
xià yòu shén cóng jīn bái míng fēng xiāo xiāo
qín zéi xiān qín wáng xiāng shèng xiāng huáng guān guī xiāng
jiān shān shuǐ xiāng yǎng zhuō gèng xiāng zhōng suì gòng jiù xiāng
wèi jiàn xiāng zǎo hái xiāng chūn shì xiāng
hèn bié mǎn jiāng xiāng kuàng nǎi huái jiù xiāng láng shū fāng zhèn
dàng hái xiāng wén dào bìng zhōu zhèn āi wáng sūn
āi jiāng tóu chì yān rén jiā sōng jiāng tíng
yuè yáng chéng xià kuí huò qīng tài yáng niǎo yǐng hán táng
huí shǒu lián fēng chén sān chǐ jiàn suí fēng qián
rén shēng shí lái dāng miàn shū xīn bèi miàn xiào bāng mín wéi běn
jiā shū wàn jīn jīng rén xiū suī duō wéi
xiǎo 'ér qiáng jiě shì 'āi shī chū shī wèi jié shēn xiān
āi zāi wáng sūn shèn shū yòu dòng zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu
luò jīng fēng shī chéng guǐ shén jiǔ zhài xún cháng xíng chù yòu