古阿拉伯大区 倭马亚王朝时期  (763年3月17日～809年3月24日)

哈伦·拉希德

开端 终结 在位 786年 809年 

　　哈伦·拉希德 (هارون الرشيد‎ )（763年－809年3月24日），阿拔斯王朝第五代哈里发（786年至809年在位）。
　　
　　拉希德是阿拔斯王朝第三任哈里发阿尔·马赫迪之子。786年继其兄阿尔·哈迪之位。任期间为王朝最强盛时代，曾亲率军队入侵拜占廷的小亚细亚。其首都巴格达和唐朝长安为世界第一流的城市，人口多达100万，也是国际贸易中心。不过哈伦时代也是王朝衰退的开端。西元803年哈伦逮捕宰相约夫雅，巴马克家族被抄家,导致波斯发生叛变。哈伦也死于波斯的托斯，至此阿拔斯王朝步入衰退之路。

　　Hārūn al-Rashīd (Arabic: and Persian:هارون الرشيد‎; also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; English: Aaron the Upright, Aaron the Just, or Aaron the Rightly Guided; March 17, 763 – March 24, 809) was the fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliph. He was born in Rayy, near Tehran, Iran, and lived in Baghdad, Iraq and most of his reign was in Ar Raqqah at the middle Euphrates.
　　
　　He ruled from 786 to 809, and his time was marked by scientific, cultural and religious prosperity. Art and music also flourished significantly during his reign. He established the library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom").
　　
　　Since Harun was intellectually, politically and militarily resourceful, his life and the court over which he held sway have been the subject of many fictional tales: some are factual but most are believed to be fictitious. An example of what is known to be factual is the story of the Clock that was among various presents that Harun had delightfully sent to Charlemagne. The presents were carried by the returning Frankish mission that came to offer Harun friendship in 799. Charlemagne and his retinue deemed the clock to be a conjuration for the sounds it emanates and the tricks it displays every time an hour ticks. Among what is known to be fictional is the famous The Book of One Thousand and One Nights containing many stories that are fantasized by Harun's magnificent court, and even Harun al-Rashid himself.