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  “历史小说”是一个偏正词组,它的主体是“小说”,“历史”则是对主体的限制和修饰,也就是说,“历史小说”是以历史为主题的小说。
  它以历史人物和事件为题材,反映一定历史时期的生活面貌;长篇作品则可以展示某一时期的生活面貌和历史发展的趋势。这类作品所描写的主要人物和事件都有历史根据,但容许适当的虚构。因此,它虽然可以给读者提供一些历史知识,但它的主要目的在于给读者以启示和教育。《三国演义》、《李自成》就是历史小说。
  
  【历史小说的特点】
  历史小说是以历史人物或历史事件为题材的小说。它往往以忠实于历史事实和逼真的细节等手段,艺术地再现历史风俗和社会概况。它不同于历史著作,可以有细节上的想象和虚构,允许适当的艺术夸张和必要的集中,但在大的史实方面不能杜撰、篡改、违背。可以涉及真实的历史人物,也能用虚构的人物同历史人物相混合,还可以集中描绘一个历史事件。它要求作者立足于现实去回顾历史,但必须按照历史的本来面貌去描写,艺术地再现一定历史时期的社会生活面貌,揭示历史发展的必然趋势,使读者从中了解历史并受到启示。
  
  【名人眼中的历史小说】
  英国H.奥斯本《牛津艺术指南》(1970)∶
  历史小说:利用历史材料加以想象丰富而重新构成事件发展的一种叙事文体,采用的人物或者是虚构的,或者是真实的历史人物,或者二者兼而有之。
  既然允许有相当广阔的活动范围,因而小说家往往尝试着以某种程度的精确性重新创造他所要叙述的事件的壮观的戏剧性场面。
  英国罗吉·福勒《现代西方文学批评术语词典》:
  历史小说:此术语指这样一类小说:与作家写作这些小说时的时间相比较,小说中故事发生的时间显然具有“历史性”。叙述的时态可以采用过去时,记述时间可安排在过去,也可在过去发生的事件之中的某个间隔时间之内。历史小说的题材不分巨细,既包括国家大事,又包括个人私事,主人公既可以是历史上的真实人物,也可以是虚构的人物,不过他们的命运都与真实的历史事件息息相关。
  随着时间的推移,作家们开始把历史小说的技巧用于描述其同时代的事件,这样,这种体裁的小说不仅为19世纪伟大的现实主义小说提供了产生的条件,而且最终与之合流。这样,两股潮流交汇而成的文学潮流出现了:第一种偏重于历史题材,而且在处理此类题材时愈来愈倚重异国情调和考古学般的精确,福楼拜的《萨朗波》(1862)即为一例;另一种则在处理现实题材的愈臻“自然主义化”。
  在英美文学中,司各特的《威弗利》(1814)是最早的历史小说。其他著 名的历史小说还有,库柏的《皮袜子故事集》、阿?托尔斯泰的《彼得大帝》,以及我国罗贯中的《三国演义》、姚雪垠的《李自成》等。


  "Historical novel" is an attributive phrase, it's subject is "novel", "history" is the principal limitation and modification, that is, "historical novel" is the theme of historical fiction.
  It is with the theme of historical figures and events, reflecting aspects of life in a certain historical period; full-length works, you can display aspects of life and a time trend of historical development. These works the main characters and events depicted have historical basis, but to allow the appropriate fictitious. Thus, while it can give readers some historical knowledge, but its main purpose is to give readers inspiration and education. "Three Kingdoms", "Rereading" is the historical novel.
  【Features】 Historical Novels
  】 【Celebrity in the eyes of historical novels
  Britain H. Osborne, "Oxford Art Guide" (1970):
  Historical Novels: the use of historical material, to imagine the rich and re-constitute the event of a narrative style, character or use of fictitious or real historical figure, or both.
  Since the allowed range of activities is very wide, so the novelist often try to recreate a certain degree of accuracy, he described the event to be spectacular  dramatic scenes.
  British Luojifule "Dictionary of Modern Western terminology of literary criticism":
  Historical: This term refers to such a class of novel: the writer of the time when writing these novels compared to the time the novel takes place obviously has a "historic." Can be described using the past tense, the account of time can be arranged in the past, but also among the events in the past, some within the time interval. Historical subjects, regardless of big and small, both in national affairs, but also the private sphere, the hero can be either in the history of real people, it can be fictional characters, but their fate is closely linked with actual historical events.
  As time went on, writers began to describe the historical novel techniques for contemporary events, so that this genre of fiction, not only for the great 19th-century realistic novel provides the conditions generated, and eventually merge with . Thus, two interrelated literary trend trend emerged: the first emphasis on historical themes, but also when dealing with such subjects rely more and more exotic and archeology as accurate, Flaubert's "Salammbo "(1862) is an example; other is dealing with more realistic themes Zhen" of naturalism. "
  British and American literature, Scott's "Wei Fuli" (1814) was the first historical novel. There are other famous historical novel, Cooper's "Leather Stocking Tales," Ah? Tolstoy's "Peter the Great", and China Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of Three Kingdoms", like Yao's "Rereading," and so on.



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