休闲是指在非劳动及非工作时间内以各种“玩”的方式求得身心的调节与放松,达到生命保健、体能恢复、身心愉悦的目的的一种业余生活。科学文明的休闲方式,可以有效地促进能量的储蓄和释放,它包括对智能、体能的调节和生理、心理机能的锻炼。
休闲之事古已有之。一般意义上的休闲是指两个方面:一是解除体力上的疲劳,恢复生理的平衡;二是获得精神上的慰藉,成为心灵的驿站。她是完成社会必要劳动之后的时间,是人的生命状态的一种形式。而对于人之生命的意义来说,她是一种精神的态度,并在人类社会进步的历史进程中终扮演着重要的角色。
那么,究竟何为休闲?
首先,我们从字义的角度进行考察。“休”在《康熙字典》和《辞海》中被解释为“吉庆、欢乐”的意思。“人倚木而休。”《诗?商颂?长发》中释“休” 为吉庆、美善、福禄。“何天之休”。“闲”,通常引申为范围。多指道德、法度。《论语?子张》:“大德不逾闲。”其次,有限制、约束之意。《易?家人》:“闲有家。”“闲”通“娴”,具有娴静、思想的纯洁与安宁的意思。从词意的组合上,表明了休闲所特有的文化内涵。因而,它不同于“闲暇”、“空闲 ”、“消闲”。这个颇具哲学意味的象喻,表达了人类生存过程中劳作与休憩的辩证关系,又喻示着物质生命活动之外的精神生命活动。人倚木而休,使精神的休整和身体的颐养活动得以充分的进行,使人与自然浑为一体,赋予生命以真、善、美,具有了价值意义。
同样,在英文词义学的考证中,也可以看到相似的暗喻。英文“Leisure”一词来源于法语,法语来源于希腊语和拉丁语。在希腊语中“休闲”为“Skole”,拉丁语为“scola”,意为休闲和教育,认为发展娱乐,从中得益,并与文化水平的提高相辅相成。这种精华涵义以一定的受教育程度为前提,至今还存在,并将有社会价值的娱乐区别于其他娱乐。可见英文中“Leisure”休息的成分很少,消遣的成分也不大,主要是指“必要劳动之余的自我发展”。表明了“休闲”一词所具有的独特的文化精神底蕴。“在拉丁语中,我们同样能找到这种排斥关系,因为,otium(休闲、闲逸)的反意为neg-otium (字面意为事务、商业、劳动)。”(参见[法]罗歇? 苏著,《休闲》,商务印书馆1996年版,第18页)
亚里士多德在他的《政治学》一书中曾提出这样一个命题:“休闲才是一切事物环绕的中心。 ”(that leisure is the center -point about which everything revolves,引自 Josef Pieper ,Leisure The Basis of Culture P20)。
在马克思眼中:“休闲”一是指“用于娱乐和休息的余暇时间”;二是指“发展智力,在精神上掌握自由的时间” ;是“非劳动时间”和“不被生产劳动所吸收的时间”,它包括“个人受教育的时间、发展智力的时间、履行社会职能的时间、进行社交活动的时间、自由运用体力和智力的时间。”(《马克思恩格斯全集》第26卷,第3 分册,第287页,人民出版社1975年版)
休闲的一个重要方面,是把休闲从劳动状态与负有责任的其它活动中分离出来。这是人的生存整体的一个组成部分。在某种意义上,她与马斯洛的人的需求“五层次理论”中最高级的自我实现的理念相一致。旨在巡查精神世界中人的创造力和鉴赏力,通过休闲促使人对生活(生命)进行思索,有助于人的全面发展和个性的成熟,使人真正地走向自由。她的价值不在于提供物质财富或实用工具与技术,而是为人类构建意义的世界和守护精神的家园,使人类的心灵有所安顿、有所归依。她还以特有的精神理想赋予人的经济技术行为以真实的意义,使她与社会中占主导地位的政治、经济或科技力量保持一定的距离或相对的独立性,从而可以形成一种对社会发展进程有矫正、平衡、弥补等功能的人文精神力量。
休闲经济是文化经济的一个主要组成。
【又】农业技术词语——
休闲,农田在可种作物的季节内耕而不种或不耕不种,使田地暂时空闲而自然恢复地力的一种农作措施。按休闲时间的长短可分全年休闲、多年休闲和季节休闲。全年休闲又称赤地休闲、黑色休闲,主要为气候干旱、寒冷、人少地多的半干旱地区或高寒山区采用。多年休闲多分布于地广人稀的撂荒耕作制地区,如非洲和南美洲的部分地区,中国的西南和西北地区也有少量分布。季节休闲常为一年多熟地区采用,按土地空闲的季节不同又分冬闲、夏闲和秋闲3种。随着农业技术的发展,一年多熟地区已很少采用休闲。但在半干旱地区,休闲仍是积贮降水和消灭杂草的必要措施。
休闲网站推荐:休闲网www.5i9u.com ,这里是大学生休闲交友,放飞好心情的去处!
休闲服饰
先给所有的品牌分个档次
一线大牌:LV啦、PRADA拉之类的,有历史有背景,说出来地球人都知道,价钱么也是贵到无法接受的地步,正装1W算你检到便宜货了。一线品牌没有伯仲之分,只有设计师的风格区别
二线大牌:很多还是路人皆知的,象MAXMARA,还有的就不大有人了解了。他们有的价钱拉款式拉不比一线大牌差,但是资历欠缺。有很多都是一线大牌的设计师自己创的品牌,价钱也仅仅是稍微便宜,让人看了不至于昏过去而已。。。
以上都是我没碰过的东西,他们旗下还会分N多系列,我是不懂,没经验嘛,想了解的可以去看时尚杂志啊,我这里谈的是实际经验
三线:多是一二线大牌的副牌,想POLO BY RALPH LAURAN这种形式的,同时包括一些牛仔品牌,比如REPLAY,DIESEL,EVISU之类,价钱在你所能接受的极限,普通衣服都能上2K,一件T也能来个1K多。
大众品牌:多啊,从CK JEANS,GAP,GUESS望下数都算了,他们是一个境界的
Leisure is defined as non-labor and non-working hours to all kinds of "play" the way of regulation and seek physical and mental relaxation, to life, health, physical recovery, physical and psychological pleasure of the purpose of a leisure life. Science and civilization of leisure, it can be effective in promoting energy savings and release, which include intelligence, physical conditioning and physical and psychological function of exercise.
Leisure things to ancient times. General sense of leisure is of two aspects: First, on the lifting of physical fatigue and restore physical balance; second is to obtain spiritual comfort for a soul Inn. She is, after the completion of socially necessary labor time, is the state of human life form. For the meaning of human life, she is a mental attitude, and social progress in the human historical process plays an important role in the final.
So, what is what is leisure?
Aristotle in his "Politics", a book has been put forward such a proposition: "Leisure is the center of all things around." (That leisure is the center-point about which everything revolves, quoted in Josef Pieper, Leisure The Basis of Culture P20).
In the eyes of Marx: "leisure" one means "for the entertainment and leisure time to rest"; the second refers to "the development of intellectual, spiritual master free time"; is "non-working time" and "not productive labor by absorption time ", which includes" personal time to education, the development of intelligence of the time, fulfill their social function of time, the time for social activities, free use of physical and mental time. "(" The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, "Vol 26, 3 volumes, p. 287, Publishing House, 1975 Edition)
Leisure economy is a major component of cultural economy.
【Another technical term of Agriculture -
Recommended leisure website: Leisure Web www.5i9u.com, here is casual dating college students, the place flying a good mood!
Casual Clothing
First give a grade for all sub-brands
Big line: LV Rights, PRADA pull like that history is the background, out of the earth that people know, What is your price to an unacceptable level, formal 1W let you check into a bargain. No less than the first-line brand, only then the difference between the style designer
Second-tier big: many are thinly veiled, as MAXMARA, there's not many people who understand. Some of them better than the price line drawing style pull big difference, but the lack of qualifications. Many big-name designers are first-line create their own brand, the price that was only slightly cheaper, people looked Buzhi Yu faint in the past. . .
These are the things I had not touched, they will be sub-N multi-family unit, I do not know, not experience, Well, want to know can see the fashion magazines ah, I am here to talk about the experience
Third line: second line is a big multi-vice card, like POLO BY RALPH LAURAN this form, and also includes some denim brands, such as REPLAY, DIESEL, EVISU the like, the price limit you can accept, all the ordinary clothes 2K, a T also to a 1K more.
Volkswagen brand: Multi-ah, from CK JEANS, GAP, GUESS hope a few have an alternative, they are a state of
|