休閑是指在非勞動及非工作時間內以各種“玩”的方式求得身心的調節與放,達到生命保健、能恢、身心愉悅的目的的一種業餘生活。科學文明的休閑方式,可以有效地促進能量的儲蓄和釋放,它包括對智能、能的調節和生理、心理機能的鍛煉。
休閑之事古已有之。一般意義上的休閑是指兩個方面:一是解除力上的疲勞,恢生理的平衡;二是獲得精神上的慰藉,成為心靈的驛站。她是完成社會必要勞動之的時間,是人的生命狀態的一種形式。而對於人之生命的意義來說,她是一種精神的態度,在人類社會進步的歷史進程中終扮演着重要的角色。
那麽,究竟何為休閑?
首先,我們從字義的角度進行考察。“休”在《康熙字典》和《辭海》中被解釋為“吉慶、歡樂”的意思。“人倚木而休。”《詩?商頌?長》中釋“休” 為吉慶、美善、福祿。“何天之休”。“閑”,通常引申為圍。多指道德、法度。《論語?子張》:“大德不逾閑。”其次,有限、約束之意。《易?人》:“閑有。”“閑”通“嫻”,具有嫻靜、思想的純潔與安寧的意思。從詞意的組上,明休閑所特有的文化內涵。因而,它不同於“閑暇”、“空閑 ”、“消閑”。這個頗具哲學意味的象喻,達人類生存過程中勞作與休憩的辯證關係,又喻示着物質生命活動之外的精神生命活動。人倚木而休,使精神的休整和身體的頤養活動得以充分的進行,使人與自然渾為一,賦予生命以真、善、美,具有價值意義。
同樣,在英文詞義學的考證中,也可以看到相似的暗喻。英文“Leisure”一詞來源於法語,法語來源於希臘語和拉丁語。在希臘語中“休閑”為“Skole”,拉丁語為“scola”,意為休閑和教育,認為展娛樂,從中得益,與文化水平的提高相輔相成。這精華涵義以一定的受教育程度為前提,至今還存在,將有社會價值的娛樂區於其他娛樂。可見英文中“Leisure”休息的成分很少,消遣的成分也不大,主要是指“必要勞動之的自我展”。明“休閑”一詞所具有的獨特的文化精神底藴。“在拉丁語中,我們同樣能找到這排斥關係,因為,otium(休閑、閑逸)的反意為neg-otium (字意為事務、商業、勞動)。”(參見[法]羅歇? 著,《休閑》,商務印書館1996年版,第18頁)
亞士多德在他的《政治學》一書中曾提出這樣一個命題:“休閑是一切事物環繞的中心。 ”(that leisure is the center -point about which everything revolves,引自 Josef Pieper ,Leisure The Basis of Culture P20)。
在馬思眼中:“休閑”一是指“用於娛樂和休息的暇時間”;二是指“展智力,在精神上掌握自由的時間” ;是“非勞動時間”和“不被生産勞動所吸收的時間”,它包括“個人受教育的時間、展智力的時間、履行社會職能的時間、進行社交活動的時間、自由運用力和智力的時間。”(《馬思恩格斯全集》第26,第3 分册,第287頁,人民出版社1975年版)
休閑的一個重要方面,是把休閑從勞動狀態與負有責任的其它活動中分離出來。這是人的生存整的一個組成部分。在某意義上,她與馬斯洛的人的需求“五層次理論”中最高級的自我實現的理念相一致。旨在巡查精神世界中人的創造力和鑒賞力,通過休閑促使人對生活(生命)進行思索,有助於人的全發達展和個性的成熟,使人真正地走自由。她的價值不在於提供物質財富或實用工具與技術,而是為人類構建意義的世界和守護精神的園,使人類的心靈有所安頓、有所歸依。她還以特有的精神理想賦予人的經濟技術行為以真實的意義,使她與社會中占主導地位的政治、經濟或科技力量保持一定的距離或相對的獨立性,從而可以形成一種對社會展進程有矯正、平衡、彌補等功能的人文精神力量。
休閑經濟是文化經濟的一個主要組成。
【又】農業技術詞語——
休閑,農田在可作物的季節內耕而不或不耕不,使田地暫時空閑而自然恢地力的一種農作措施。按休閑時間的長短可分全年休閑、多年休閑和季節休閑。全年休閑又稱赤地休閑、黑色休閑,主要為氣候旱、寒冷、人少地多的半旱地區或高寒山區用。多年休閑多分佈於地人稀的撂荒耕作地區,如非洲和南美洲的部分地區,中國的西南和西北地區也有少量分佈。季節休閑常為一年多熟地區用,按土地空閑的季節不同又分鼕閑、夏閑和閑3。隨着農業技術的展,一年多熟地區已很少用休閑。但在半旱地區,休閑仍是積貯降水和消滅雜草的必要措施。
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休閑服飾
先給所有的品牌分個檔次
一綫大牌:LV啦、PRADA拉之類的,有歷史有背景,說出來地球人都知道,價錢麽也是貴到無法接受的地步,正裝1W算你檢到便宜貨。一綫品牌沒有伯仲之分,衹有設計師的風格區
二綫大牌:很多還是路人皆知的,象MAXMARA,還有的就不大有人瞭解。他們有的價錢拉款式拉不比一綫大牌差,但是資欠缺。有很多都是一綫大牌的設計師自己創的品牌,價錢也僅僅是稍微便宜,讓人看不至於昏過去而已。。。
以上都是我沒碰過的東西,他們旗下還會分N多列,我是不懂,沒經驗嘛,想瞭解的可以去看時尚雜志啊,我這裏談的是實際經驗
三綫:多是一二綫大牌的副牌,想POLO BY RALPH LAURAN這形式的,同時包括一些牛仔品牌,比如REPLAY,DIESEL,EVISU之類,價錢在你所能接受的極限,普通衣服都能上2K,一件T也能來個1K多。
大衆品牌:多啊,從CK JEANS,GAP,GUESS望下數都算,他們是一個境界的
Leisure is defined as non-labor and non-working hours to all kinds of "play" the way of regulation and seek physical and mental relaxation, to life, health, physical recovery, physical and psychological pleasure of the purpose of a leisure life. Science and civilization of leisure, it can be effective in promoting energy savings and release, which include intelligence, physical conditioning and physical and psychological function of exercise.
Leisure things to ancient times. General sense of leisure is of two aspects: First, on the lifting of physical fatigue and restore physical balance; second is to obtain spiritual comfort for a soul Inn. She is, after the completion of socially necessary labor time, is the state of human life form. For the meaning of human life, she is a mental attitude, and social progress in the human historical process plays an important role in the final.
So, what is what is leisure?
Aristotle in his "Politics", a book has been put forward such a proposition: "Leisure is the center of all things around." (That leisure is the center-point about which everything revolves, quoted in Josef Pieper, Leisure The Basis of Culture P20).
In the eyes of Marx: "leisure" one means "for the entertainment and leisure time to rest"; the second refers to "the development of intellectual, spiritual master free time"; is "non-working time" and "not productive labor by absorption time ", which includes" personal time to education, the development of intelligence of the time, fulfill their social function of time, the time for social activities, free use of physical and mental time. "(" The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, "Vol 26, 3 volumes, p. 287, Publishing House, 1975 Edition)
Leisure economy is a major component of cultural economy.
【Another technical term of Agriculture -
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Casual Clothing
First give a grade for all sub-brands
Big line: LV Rights, PRADA pull like that history is the background, out of the earth that people know, What is your price to an unacceptable level, formal 1W let you check into a bargain. No less than the first-line brand, only then the difference between the style designer
Second-tier big: many are thinly veiled, as MAXMARA, there's not many people who understand. Some of them better than the price line drawing style pull big difference, but the lack of qualifications. Many big-name designers are first-line create their own brand, the price that was only slightly cheaper, people looked Buzhi Yu faint in the past. . .
These are the things I had not touched, they will be sub-N multi-family unit, I do not know, not experience, Well, want to know can see the fashion magazines ah, I am here to talk about the experience
Third line: second line is a big multi-vice card, like POLO BY RALPH LAURAN this form, and also includes some denim brands, such as REPLAY, DIESEL, EVISU the like, the price limit you can accept, all the ordinary clothes 2K, a T also to a 1K more.
Volkswagen brand: Multi-ah, from CK JEANS, GAP, GUESS hope a few have an alternative, they are a state of
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