xīn lǐ xué ( yīng wén míng chēng Psychology) shì yán jiū rén hé dòng wù xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng fā shēng、 fā zhǎn hé huó dòng guī lǜ hé de yī mén kē xué。 xīn lǐ xué jì yán jiū dòng wù de xīn lǐ（ yán jiū dòng wù xīn lǐ zhù yào shì wèile shēn céng cì dì liǎo jiě、 yù cè rén de xīn lǐ de fā shēng、 fā zhǎn de guī lǜ） yě yán jiū rén de xīn lǐ， ér yǐ rén de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng wéi zhù yào de yán jiū duì xiàng。 yīn cǐ zǒng 'ér yán zhī， xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng hé xīn lǐ guī lǜ de kē xué。
xīn lǐ xué yī cí lái yuán yú xī là wén， yì sī shì guān yú líng hún de kē xué。 líng hún zài xī là wén zhōng yě yòu qì tǐ huò hū xī de yì sī， yīn wéi gǔ dài rén men rèn wéi shēng mìng yǐ lài yú hū xī， hū xī tíng zhǐ， shēng mìng jiù wán jié liǎo。 suí zhe kē xué de fā zhǎn， xīn lǐ xué de duì xiàng yóu líng hún gǎi wéi xīn líng。 zhí dào 19 shì jì chū yè， dé guó zhé xué jiā、 jiào yù xué jiā hè 'ěr bā tè cái shǒu cì tí chū xīn lǐ xué shì yī mén kē xué。 ér yuán xiān， xīn lǐ xué、 jiào yù xué dū tóng shǔ yú zhé xué de fàn chóu， hòu lái cái gè zì cóng zhé xué de qiǎng bǎo zhōng chū lái。 kē xué de xīn lǐ xué bù jǐn duì xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng jìn xíng miáo shù， gèng zhòng yào de shì duì xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng jìn xíng shuō míng， yǐ jiē shì qí fā shēng fā zhǎn de guī lǜ。
yòu péng yǒu shuō： “ xué xīn lǐ xué de rén néng kàn tòu bié rén de xīn lǐ， zhī dào tā rén xīn lǐ xiǎng shénme， hǎo lì hài！ ” zhè xiē shuō fǎ bǎ xīn lǐ xué shén huà liǎo， qí shí， xīn lǐ xué jiù shì yī mén yán jiū rén de xīn lǐ huó dòng de guī lǜ de kē xué。 xīn lǐ xué zhě zhǐ shì zài jìn kě néng de 'àn zhào kē xué de fāng fǎ， jiànjiē de guān chá、 yán jiū huò sī kǎo rén de xīn lǐ guò chéng（ bāo kuò gǎn jué、 zhī jué、 zhù yì、 jì yì、 sī wéi、 xiǎng xiàng hé yán yǔ děng guò chéng） shì zěn yàng de， rén yǔ rén yòu shénme bù tóng， wèishénme huì yòu zhè yàng hé nà yàng de bù tóng， jí rén de rén gé huò gè xìng， bāo kuò xū yào yǔ dòng jī、 néng lì、 qì zhì、 xìng gé hé zì wǒ yì shí děng， cóng 'ér dé chū shì yòng rén lèi de、 yī bān xìng de guī lǜ， jì 'ér yùn yòng zhè xiē guī lǜ， gèng hǎo de fú wù yú rén lèi de shēng chǎn hé shí jiàn。
xīn lǐ de qǐ yuán
xīn lǐ shì shēng wù shén jīng huó dòng de chǎn wù , xīn lǐ qǐ yuán de yán jiū zhù yào cóng bǐ jiào xīn lǐ xué ( yán jiū gè shēng wù wù zhǒng shén jīng gōng néng jí xīn lǐ fā zhǎn shuǐ píng ), fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué ( rén lèi gè tǐ xīn lǐfà shēng fā zhǎn guī lǜ ) liǎng fāng miàn jìn xíng . dòng wù shén jīng xì tǒng de chǎn shēng shì xīn lǐ qǐ yuán de wù zhì jī chǔ hé bì yào tiáo jiàn .
xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū rén de xíng wéi yǔ xīn lǐ huó dòng guī lǜ de kē xué .
2000 nián qián， gǔ xī là de xī bō kè lā dǐ tí chū liǎo sì zhǒng rén gé（ dǎn zhī zhì、 duō xuè zhì、 nián chóu zhì、 yì yù zhì）
zhī hòu gǔ xī là de gài lún tí chū liǎo qì zhì zhè yī gài niàn， yòng qì zhì dài tì rén gé， xíng chéng sì zhǒng qì zhì， hòu lái de xīn lǐ xué yán jiū zhōng， yán yòng liǎo zhè yī fēn lèi fāng shì。
19 shì jì qián， xīn lǐ xué shǔ yú zhé xué fàn chóu。
19 shì jì zhōng yè， kāi shǐ yǐn rù shí yàn zuò wéi xīn lǐ xué de yán jiū fāng shì， shǐ dé xīn lǐ xué chéng wéi yī mén dú lì de xué kē。 dé guó de wéi bó， yán jiū chū zhù míng de wéi bó dìng lǜ（ gǎn jué yù xiàn dìng lǜ）
1860 nián， dé guó de fèi xī nà kāi chuàng xīn lǐ wù lǐ xué， dé guó de 'ài bīn hào sī kāi chuàng jì yì de shí yàn yán jiū。
1879 nián， dé guó de féng tè zài lāi bǐ xī dà xué jiàn lì xīn lǐ yán jiū， biāo zhì zhe kē xué xīn lǐ xué de dàn shēng。 shí zhèng yán jiū fāng fǎ de yùn yòng shì zhè yī xué kē chéng wéi kē xué de zhuǎn zhé diǎn . qí hòu de yī bǎi duō nián , xīn lǐ xué mén pài fēn zhēng jí gāo dù fā zhǎn , xué kē tǐ xì yě jìn yī bù wán shàn .
xīn lǐ xué shì shè huì kē xué hái shì zì rán kē xué , zài yú shì jiǎo jí lì chǎng , yīn wéi tā běn shēn jù bèi liǎng zhě de tè diǎn . jī chǔ xīn lǐ xué guī wéi zì rán kē xué fàn chóu， yìng yòng xīn lǐ xué guī lèi yú shè huì kē xué fàn chóu， yīn cǐ， yòu rén chēng zhī wéi“ zhōng jiān xué kē”。
xīn lǐ de qǐ yuán , yóu qí shì rén lèi gāo jí xīn lǐ guò chéng , rú sī wéi , yǔ yán , qíng gǎn , yì zhì , gāo jí xīn lǐ tè zhēng de chǎn shēng , shì shén jīng jī chǔ jí rén lèi shè huì huà jìn chéng de chǎn wù , suǒ yǐ wǒ men bù néng yǐ dān chún de shēng wù xué guān diǎn lái yán jiū cǐ mìng tí .
xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de lì shǐ gēn yuán
yī、 xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de lì shǐ gēn yuán： wù zhì fǎn yìng tè xìng cháng qī fā zhǎn de chǎn wù
zì rán jiè de wù zhì dū jù yòu fǎn yìng tè xìng， zài shòu dào wài bù zuò yòng shí dū huì zuò chū fǎn yìng。 ér qiě wù zhì fǎn yìng tè xìng suí zhe zì rán jiè wù zhì de jìn huà 'ér jìn huà， yuè shì chù zài gāo jí jiē duàn de wù zhì， qí fǎn yìng tè xìng yuè fā dá yuè fù zá，（ yě yòu yuè dàotuì yuè jiǎn dān de gāo jí jiē duàn de wù zhì）。 gāo jí jiē duàn de wù zhì de fǎn yìng tè xìng shì cóng dī jí jiē duàn wù zhì de wù zhì fǎn yìng tè xìng jīng guò màn cháng de lì shǐ jìn huà 'ér chǎn shēng de。 zài mù qián rén lèi suǒ bǎ wò de shì jiè lǐ， wù zhì fǎn yìng tè xìng jīng lì rú xià de jiē duàn： fēi shēng wù de wù tài fǎn yìng（ wù lǐ de、 huà xué de、 jī xiè de）、 dī děng shēng wù（ bāo kuò zhí wù） de cì jī gǎn yìng xìng、 gāo děng dòng wù de gǎn jué、 zhī jué hé biǎo xiàng、 rén lèi de xiǎng xiàng（ nèi hán liǎo jì yì） hé sī wéi。 (?) yóu cǐ kě jiàn： xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng shì wù zhì shì jiè cháng qī jìn huà suǒ yǎn shēng chū lái de xiàn xiàng， shì wù zhì duì wài jiè cì jī fǎn yìng de gāo jí xíng shì， shì wù zhì gāo dù zǔ zhì huà hòu de biǎo xiàn。 xīn lǐ de chǎn shēng gēn yuán yú wù zhì fǎn yìng tè xìng de gāo dù fā zhǎn。 xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng shì zhuān mén yìng duì cì jī 'ér chǎn shēng de wù zhì fǎn yìng xiàn xiàng。
fǎn yìng tè xìng zhǐ yòu zài shòu dào cì jī cái xiǎn xiàn qí cún zài， méi yòu liǎo cì jī， fǎn yìng tè xìng jiù huì qián fú qǐ lái， bù huì biǎo xiàn chū lái。 xīn lǐ yě jù yòu rú cǐ gòng xìng。 zhǐ yòu zài shòu dào cì jī shí， cái huì biǎo xiàn chū xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， zhǎn shì xīn lǐ de cún zài。 méi yòu liǎo cì jī， xīn lǐ jiù huì xiāo shī。 xīn lǐ shì zài cì jī de jī chǔ shàng chǎn shēng、 cún zài hé fā zhǎn。 xīn lǐ shì wù zhì duì cì jī zuò chū fǎn yìng de gāo dù zǔ zhì huà de wù zhì
xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de biāo zhì
èr、 xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de biāo zhì： gǎn jué
zài luó ji céng miàn shàng， xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng bāo kuò gǎn jué、 zhī jué、 biǎo xiàng、 jì yì、 sī wéi、 xiǎng xiàng、 qíng gǎn hé yì zhì děng， dào dǐ shì nà yī zhǒng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de chū xiàn biāo zhì zhe xīn lǐ de dàn shēng？ jí xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de biāo zhì shì shénme？ shì hé zhǒng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de chǎn shēng xuān gào liǎo xīn lǐ de chǎn shēng？
yòu xiàn xiàng bì yòu qí běn zhì， xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng chǎn shēng liǎo， jiù huì yòu xīn lǐ chǎn shēng。 zài suǒ yòu xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng zhōng nà yī zhǒng shì zuì xiān chǎn shēng 'ér yòu zuì jī běn xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， yòu néng hé lǐ tuī chū fā zhǎn qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng？ xiǎn rán shì gǎn jué。 zhǐ yòu gǎn jué cái chǎn shēng de zuì zǎo yòu néng fā zhǎn chū qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， yīnggāi shì xīn lǐ dàn shēng de biāo zhì。 zhè kě yǐ cóng sān gè fāng miàn lái tuī lǐ：（ 1） gǎn jué shì qí tā yī qièxīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de jī chǔ， méi yòu gǎn jué jiù méi yòu qí tā yī qièxīn lǐ xiàn xiàng。 gǎn jué dàn shēng liǎo， qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng jiù zài gǎn jué de jī chǔ shàng fā zhǎn qǐ lái， gǎn jué shì qí tā yī qièxīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de yuán tóu hé“ pēi yá”， qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng shì zài gǎn jué de jī chǔ shàng fā zhǎn、 zhuàng dà hé chéng shú qǐ lái de。 gǎn jué shì qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng dà shà de“ dì jī”， qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng dōushì jiàn lì zài gǎn jué de jī chǔ shàng。（ 2） gè tǐ xīn lǐ xué biǎo míng： gāng chū shēng de yīng 'ér jiù zhǐ yòu wú tiáo jiàn fǎn shè， zhǐ yòu jiǎn dān de gǎn jué， ér zhī jué hé biǎo xiàng děng děng hái méi yòu fā zhǎn qǐ lái， dàn wǒ men bù néng fǒu rèn yīng 'ér jiù méi yòu xīn lǐ。 zhè yàng wǒ men zài qián yì shí zhōng shí jì shàng chéng rèn liǎo zhǐ jù yòu gǎn jué de yīng 'ér yě jù yòu xīn lǐ！ xīn lǐ suí zhe gǎn jué de dàn shēng 'ér dàn shēng， yī dàn yòu liǎo gǎn jué yě jiù yòu liǎo xīn lǐ。 dān dān yòu liǎo gǎn jué， jiù biāo zhì zhe xīn lǐ de dàn shēng， qí tā yī qièxīn lǐ xiàn xiàng dōushì yǐ gǎn jué wéi“ pēi yá” fā zhǎn qǐ lái， shì pēi yá chéngzhǎng de bù tóng jiē duàn。 suí zhe yīng 'ér de fā yù， qí xīn lǐ yě zhú jiàn fā zhǎn qǐ lái， xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng yù lái yù fù zá。（ 3） dòng wù jìn huà shǐ yě biǎo míng liǎo gǎn jué shì xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de biāo zhì hé“ pēi yá”。 gǎn jué shì zài shénme shí hòu chǎn shēng de ní？ yě jiù shì shuō gǎn jué zài dòng wù jìn huà shǐ zhōng shì zài nà zhǒng dòng wù shēn shàng kāi shǐ chū xiàn de ní？ dòng wù jìn huà shǐ zhōng。 zuì kāi shǐ chū xiàn xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de dòng wù shì qiāng cháng dòng wù。 jù yòu wǎng zhuàng shén jīng xì tǒng de qiāng cháng dòng wù yǐ jiǎn dān de gǎn jué duì wài jiè cì jī zuò chū fǎn yìng， qiāng cháng dòng wù jù yòu zuì jiǎn dān zuì dī jí de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， yě jí yòu liǎo xīn lǐ， xīn lǐ zài qiāng cháng dòng wù shēn shàng dàn shēng， yǐ hòu suí zhe dòng wù de jìn huà hé fā zhǎn， xīn lǐ yě zài zhú jiàn fā zhǎn， fēng fù， jiàn cì chū xiàn liǎo zhī jué、 biǎo xiàng、 xiǎng xiàng hé sī wéi děng děng。 xīn lǐ jìn huà shǐ shì dòng wù jìn huà shǐ de fùzhuó wù， bìng suí zhe dòng wù de jìn huà 'ér jìn huà de。 xīn lǐ yě shì cóng zhǐ jù yòu gǎn jué de dòng wù suí zhe shēng wù de jìn huà 'ér fā zhǎn qǐ lái de， xīn lǐ zài gǎn jué de jī chǔ shàng suí zhe shēng wù de jìn huà 'ér fēn fán fù zá qǐ lái， chū xiàn liǎo zhī jué、 biǎo xiàng hé xiǎng xiàng děng děng， zhí zhì chū xiàn liǎo yì shí hé sī wéi děng gāo jí xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng。
xīn lǐ xué de fēn lèi
xiàn dài xīn lǐ xué de fā zhǎn， zài lǐ lùn shàng yǐ xíng chéng liǎo jī běn de、 zuò wéi yī mén kē xué de dú lì tǐ xì。 zài yìng yòng shàng yǔ shè huì gè shí jiàn lǐng yù jiàn lì liǎo guǎng fàn de lián xì， cóng 'ér xíng chéng xǔ duō fēn zhī xué kē， tǐ xiàn liǎo dú lì de zài kē xué tǐ xì shàng de fēn lèi。
pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué
pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū zhèng cháng chéng rén de xīn lǐ guò chéng hé gè xìng xīn lǐ tè zhēng de yī bān guī lǜ de xué kē， shì xīn lǐ xué zuì jī běn、 zuì zhòng yào de jī chǔ yán jiū。 pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué yán jiū xīn lǐ guò chéng de fā shēng fā zhǎn hé gè xìng xīn lǐ tè zhēng xíng chéng de zuì yī bān de lǐ lùn hé guī lǜ， jiàn lì xīn lǐ xué yán jiū zuì yī bān de fāng fǎ lùn yuán zé hé jù tǐ de fāng fǎ。 pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué jì bāo kuò guò qù yán jiū zhōng yǐ jīng dìng lùn de、 wéi kē xué shí jiàn suǒ zhèng shí bìng wéi kē xué jiā suǒ gōng rèn de lǐ lùn hé guī lǜ， yě bāo kuò suī bù yī dìng wéi dà jiā suǒ gōng rèn， dàn què yòu zhòng dà yǐng xiǎng de xué pài de lǐ lùn hé xué shuō， hái bāo kuò chǔyú kē xué fā zhǎn qián yán de xīn chéng guǒ hé xīn fā xiàn。 yīn cǐ， pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué de nèi róng bù shì yī chéng bù biàn de。 zài tā yǐ xíng chéng de lǐ lùn tǐ jìshàng， bù duàn dì chōng shí zhe xīn de nèi róng。 tè bié yóu yú xīn lǐ xué shàng shǔ yī mén nián qīng de kē xué， zhè yī diǎn yóu wéi zhòng yào。
zài pǔ tōng xīn lǐ xué de fàn wéi nèi， àn zhào xīn lǐ huó dòng de jī běn guò chéng hé gè xìng xīn lǐ tè zhēng， hái kě fēn wéi gǎn jué（ shì jué、 tīng jué、 chù mō jué、 yùn dòng jué、 xiù wèi jué děng） xīn lǐ xué、 zhī jué xīn lǐ xué、 jì yì xīn lǐ xué、 zhù yì xīn lǐ xué、 sī wéi xīn lǐ xué、 yán yǔ xīn lǐ xué、 qíng xù xīn lǐ xué、 dòng jī xīn lǐ xué、 zhì néng xīn lǐ xué、 qì zhì xīn lǐ xué、 rén gé xīn lǐ xué děng fēn zhī jī chǔ xué kē。
shēng lǐ xīn lǐ xué
shēng lǐ xīn lǐ xué shì cóng rén tǐ shēng lǐ hé shén jīng shēng lǐ、 shén jīng jiě pōu、 shén jīng shēng wù huà xué děng fāng miàn jìn xíng guān yú xīn lǐ de shēng lǐ jī chǔ hé jī zhì yán jiū de xué kē， shì xīn lǐ xué jī chǔ yán jiū de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn。 shēng lǐ xīn lǐ xué zài xiàn dài nǎo kē xué yán jiū chéng guǒ hé xiàn dài jì shù fāng fǎ de jī chǔ shàng， jiē shì gè zhǒng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng zài nǎo de jiě pōu bù wèi jí nǎo gōng néng shàng fā shēng de guī lǜ。 shēng lǐ xīn lǐ xué hái bāo kuò shén jīng xīn lǐ xué、 xīn lǐ shēng wù xué、 dòng wù xīn lǐ xué děng fēn zhī xué kē。
shè huì xīn lǐ xué
shè huì xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū gè tǐ zài tè dìng shè huì、 qún tǐ tiáo jiàn xià， xīn lǐ、 dòng jī、 rén jì guān xì fā shēng fā zhǎn jí qí guī lǜ de xué kē。 shè huì xīn lǐ xué zhuózhòng tàn tǎo gè tǐ shè huì huà de tiáo jiàn hé guī lǜ， gè tǐ de shè huì dòng jī yǔ tài dù de xíng chéng， rén jì guān xì hé qún tǐ xīn lǐ de xíng chéng yǔ yǐng xiǎng děng fāng miàn de yī bān guī lǜ。 shè huì xīn lǐ xué bāo kuò mín zú xīn lǐ xué、 jiā tíng xīn lǐ xué děng fēn zhī xué kē。
biàn tài xīn lǐ xué
tā yán jiū rén de xīn lǐ yǔ xíng wéi de yì cháng， bāo kuò rèn zhī huó dòng、 qíng gǎn huó dòng、 dòng jī hé yì zhì xíng wéi huó dòng、 zhì lì hé rén gé tè zhēng děng fāng miàn de yì cháng biǎo xiàn。 suǒ yǐ， yě kě yǐ shuō， biàn tài xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū hé jiē shì xīn lǐ yì cháng xiàn xiàng de fā shēng、 fā zhǎn hé biàn huà guī lǜ de yī mén kē xué。
yán jiū bìng rén de yì cháng xīn lǐ huò bìng tài xíng wéi de yī xué xīn lǐ xué fēn zhī。 yòu chēng bìng lǐ xīn lǐ xué， tā yòng xīn lǐ xué yuán lǐ hé fāng fǎ yán jiū yì cháng xīn lǐ huò bìng tài xíng wéi de biǎo xiàn xíng shì、 fā shēng yuán yīn hé jī zhì jí qí fā zhǎn guī lǜ， tàn tǎo jiàn bié píng dìng de fāng fǎ jí jiáo zhì yǔ yù fáng de cuò shī。 biàn tài xīn lǐ yòu duō zhǒng biǎo xiàn xíng shì。 àn xīn lǐ guò chéng huò zhèng zhuàng， kě fēn wéi gǎn jué zhàng 'ài、 zhī jué zhàng 'ài、 zhù yì zhàng 'ài、 jì yì zhàng 'ài、 sī wéi zhàng 'ài、 qíng gǎn zhàng 'ài、 yì zhì zhàng 'ài、 xíng wéi zhàng 'ài、 yì shí zhàng 'ài、 zhì lì zhàng 'ài、 rén gé zhàng 'ài děng。 àn lín chuáng jīng shén jí bìng de biǎo xiàn huò zhèng zhuàng kě fēn wéi shén jīng zhèng xìng zhàng 'ài、 jīng shén bìng xìng zhàng 'ài、 rén gé zhàng 'ài、 yào wù hé jiǔ jīng yǐ lài、 xìng biàn tài、 xīn lǐ shēng lǐ zhàng 'ài、 shì yìng zhàng 'ài、 ér tóng xíng wéi zhàng 'ài、 zhì lì luò hòu děng。
píng dìng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng shì fǒu yì cháng， yī bān xū cóng 3 fāng miàn kǎo chá： ① cóng tǒng jì xué fāng miàn kǎo chá。 chǔyú qún tǐ zhōng cháng tài qū xiàn liǎng gè jí duān de gè tǐ shǔ yú yì cháng。 ② cóng gè rén shēng huó shǐ kǎo chá。 cháng bǎ gè tǐ dāng qián de xīn lǐ huó dòng yǔ yǐ wǎng de jiā yǐ duì bǐ， kàn shì fǒu yòu yì yú xún cháng de gǎi biàn。 ③ cóng shè huì shì yìng zhuàng kuàng kǎo chá。 kě gēn jù gè tǐ shè huì shì yìng néng lì quē xiàn de chéng dù， fēn xī qí shì fǒu shǔ yú yì cháng。 cǐ wài， zài píng dìng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng shì fǒu yì cháng shí， bù kě hū lüè cān kǎo shè huì wén huà bèi jǐng děng fāng miàn de zī liào。
duì biàn tài xīn lǐ de jiáo zhì， kě qū fēn wéi xīn lǐ zhì liáo hé qū tǐ zhì liáo liǎng dà lèi。 xīn lǐ zhì liáo rú yán yǔ hé fēi yán yǔ de xīn lǐ liáo fǎ、 cuī mián liáo fǎ、 àn shì liáo fǎ、 xíng wéi liáo fǎ děng。 qū tǐ zhì liáo bāo kuò jīng shén yào wù zhì liáo、 wù lǐ zhì liáo、 xīn lǐ shēng lǐ zhì liáo hé wài kē zhì liáo děng。 cǐ wài， cǎi yòng yī xiē zōng hé xìng liáo fǎ yě kě qǔ dé xiǎn zhù xiào guǒ。 yù fáng shì biàn tài xīn lǐ xué zhōng de yī gè zhòng yào kè tí。 yóu yú biàn tài xīn lǐfà shēng de yuán yīn shí fēn fù zá， yīn 'ér xū yào gè gè fāng miàn cǎi qǔ zōng hé xìng de yù fáng cuò shī cái néng zòu xiào。
biàn tài xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū bìng rén de yì cháng xīn lǐ huò bìng tài xíng wéi de yī xué xīn lǐ xué fēn zhī， yòu chēng bìng lǐ xīn lǐ xué。 tā yòng xīn lǐ xué yuán lǐ hé fāng fǎ yán jiū yì cháng xīn lǐ huò bìng tài xíng wéi de biǎo xiàn xíng shì、 fā shēng yuán yīn hé jī zhì jí qí fā zhǎn guī lǜ， tàn tǎo jiàn bié píng dìng de fāng fǎ jí jiáo zhì yǔ yù fáng de cuò shī。
fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué
fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū gè tǐ xīn lǐ fā zhǎn guī lǜ de xué kē。 fā zhǎn zhōng de gè tǐ， wú lùn chǔyú fā zhǎn de nǎ yī jiē duàn zhī zhōng， tā men de xīn lǐ fā zhǎn jì bāo kuò xīn lǐ de gè gè guò chéng jí gè gè tè zhēng， yòu fēn bié yòu zhe zhù yào de fā zhǎn fāng miàn hé zhù yào de máo dùn。 zài quán miàn fā zhǎn de jī chǔ shàng， měi yī jiē duàn zhù yào máo dùn dé dào jiě jué， jí jiāng xiàng xià yī jiē duàn guò dù。 fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué jiù yào yán jiū gè tǐ xīn lǐ fā zhǎn gè gè jiē duàn gè fāng miàn de máo dùn yǔ biàn huà。 fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué kě fēn wéi yīng 'ér xīn lǐ xué、 yòu 'ér xīn lǐ xué、 xué líng 'ér tóng xīn lǐ xué、 shàonián xīn lǐ xué、 lǎo nián xīn lǐ xué děng fēn zhī xué kē。 fā zhǎn xīn lǐ xué jì shì xīn lǐ xué lǐ lùn tǐ xì de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn， yòu shì duì fā zhǎn zhōng de rén jìn xíng jiào yù、 jiào yǎng de lǐ lùn gēn jù。
jiào yù xīn lǐ xué
jiào yù xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū xué xiào jiào yù hé jiào xué guò chéng zhōng xué shēng de xīn lǐ huó dòng guī lǜ de xué kē。 tā zhù yào shè jí zhǎng wò gè kē zhī shí hé gè zhǒng jì néng de xīn lǐ huó dòng tè diǎn jí guī lǜ， yán jiū zhì néng de fā zhǎn yǔ zhì lì cè chá fāng fǎ， yǐng xiǎng jiào xué guò chéng de xīn lǐ yīn sù、 dào dé pǐn zhì yǔ xíng wéi xí guàn de xíng chéng guī lǜ， yǐ jí jiā tíng、 xué xiào、 tuán tǐ、 shè huì yì shí xíng tài děng duì xué shēng de yǐng xiǎng。 jiào yù xīn lǐ xué shè jí de fàn wéi hěn guǎng， tā kě bāo kuò dé yù xīn lǐ、 xué xí xīn lǐ、 xué kē xīn lǐ、 zhì lì quē xiàn yǔ bǔ cháng、 zhì lì cèliáng yǔ jiào shī xīn lǐ děng fēn zhī。
láo dòng xīn lǐ xué
láo dòng xīn lǐ xué yán jiū rén zài láo dòng guò chéng zhōng suǒ xū de xīn lǐ néng lì hé xīn lǐ pǐn zhì， yán jiū cāo zuò chéng xù、 cāo zuò tiáo jiàn yǔ cāo zuò zhě de xīn lǐ tè diǎn shì yìng děng wèn tí。 láo dòng xīn lǐ xué kě bāo kuò gōng chéng xīn lǐ xué yǔ gōng yè xīn lǐ xué。 gōng chéng xīn lǐ xué zhù yào yán jiū zài shēng chǎn gāo dù jī xiè huà hé zì dòng huà tiáo jiàn xià rén yǔ jī qì de xiāng hù zuò yòng wèn tí。 gōng yè xīn lǐ xué yán jiū shēng chǎn zhě xuǎn bá hé cāo zuò hé lǐ huà děng wèn tí。
wén yì xīn lǐ xué
wén yì xīn lǐ xué zài gè zhǒng yì shù lǐng yù yòu bù tóng de yán jiū duì xiàng。 duì yú huì huà yì shù， zhuózhòng yán jiū guāng gǎn jué、 shì sè xué、 shì zhī jué de guī lǜ， rú guāng jué yǔ sè jué de gǎn shòu xìng， shì zhī jué de cān zhào、 tòu shì guī lǜ。 duì yú yīnyuè yì shù， zhuózhòng yán jiū fā yīn hé tīng jué tè xìng， rú fā shēng jī zhì jí fā shēng guī lǜ， tīng jué de yīn gāo、 yīn qiáng、 yīn sè、 jié zòu gǎn hé xuán lǜ gǎn。 duì yú wǔ tái yì shù tǐ xiàn de shì wán zhěng de rén wù juésè， xū yán jiū gè xìng de quán miàn tè zhēng、 qíng xù tǐ yàn hé biǎo xiàn、 rén gé jié gòu hé xíng wéi； tàn tǎo gè lèi juésè de diǎn xíng tè zhēng bìng zài wǔ tái shàng zài xiàn de guī lǜ。 yì shù xīn lǐ xué hái yào yán jiū yì shù jiā dú tè de xīn lǐ sù zhì， rú xíng xiàng sī wéi néng lì、 qíng xù qíng gǎn tǐ yàn tè zhēng děng。 rén de yì shù tè cháng shǔ yú tè shū cái néng， bù shì rén rén suǒ jù bèi de。 yīn cǐ， duì yì shù gōng zuò zhě de xīn lǐ tè cháng、 gè xìng chā yì de jiàn bié jí cèliáng fāng fǎ de zhì dìng， shì zhòng yào de yán jiū fāng miàn。
tǐ yù yùn dòng xīn lǐ xué
tǐ yù yùn dòng xīn lǐ xué yán jiū tǐ yù huó dòng hé jìng sài huó dòng suǒ shè jí de xīn lǐ tè diǎn。 zài yī bān de tǐ yù yùn dòng zhōng， yán jiū gè zhǒng tǐ yù yùn dòng suǒ shè jí de gǔ gé jī ròu xì tǒng de jiě pōu tè diǎn hé qì guān huó dòng de líng mǐn dù yǔ gǎn shòu xìng yǐ jí shòu yì shí zhī pèi de néng lì， yán jiū yùn dòng jì néng hé jì qiǎo xíng chéng de yī bān guī lǜ。 zài yùn dòng jìng sài zhōng， yán jiū jìng sài tiáo jiàn xià yìng jù bèi de qíng xù tè zhēng、 yì zhì pǐn zhì hé rén gé tè diǎn， jìng sài zhōng de dòng jī shuǐ píng、 qíng xù zhuàng tài duì yùn dòng jì néng fā shēng de yǐng xiǎng。 zài yùn dòng yuán xuǎn bá fāng miàn， xīn lǐ xuǎn bá hé cèliáng fāng fǎ de zhì dìng yě shì zhòng yào de yán jiū lǐng yù。
háng kōng háng tiān xīn lǐ xué
háng kōng háng tiān xīn lǐ xué yán jiū zài kōng zhōng hé yǔ zhòu fēi xíng tiáo jiàn xià rén de xīn lǐ huó dòng tè diǎn。 zài fēi lù dì de yì cháng tiáo jiàn xià cóng shì jǐn zhāng de jià shǐ cāo zuò， yào qiú fēi xíng yuán hé yǔ háng yuán jù yòu jiào quán miàn de yōu xiù xīn lǐ sù zhì hé jiào wán shàn de gè xìng tè zhēng。 fēi xíng zhōng quē fá shì jué cān zhào wù， wán quán yǐ kào yí qì yí biǎo de zhǐ shì jìn xíng cāo zuò， cóng 'ér yào qiú fēi xíng yuán jù bèi jīng què de shì yī dòng xié diào fǎn yìng néng lì， duì cuò jué de yì shí líng mǐn dù， hái yào qiú jiān qiáng chén zhe de yì zhì， wěn dìng de qíng xù děng tè zhēng。 yǔ zhòu fēi xíng zài shī zhòng tiáo jiàn xià， yào qiú jù bèi xīn lǐ fǎn yìng biàn huà de gāo dù shì yìng xìng hé zì wǒ xié diào néng lì。 wèile péi yǎng hé xuǎn bá fēi xíng yuán hé yǔ háng yuán， xīn lǐ sù zhì de cè dìng hé xùn liàn guò chéng de jiǎn cè fāng fǎ， jūn shì zhòng yào de yán jiū fāng miàn。
zǔ zhì guǎn lǐ xīn lǐ xué
zǔ zhì guǎn lǐ xīn lǐ xué yán jiū mǒu yī qún tǐ héng héng yī gè qǐ yè huò yī gè xué xiào de zǔ zhì guǎn lǐ gōng zuò zhōng rén de yīn sù fāng miàn。 tā shè jí lǐng dǎo zhě yǔ bèi lǐng dǎo zhě de xīn lǐ sù zhì yǐ jí 'èr zhě zhī jiān de guān xì de xié diào wèn tí。 yī fāng miàn， bāo kuò lǐng dǎo zhě duì bèi lǐng dǎo zhě de xīn lǐ huó dòng de zhǎng wò， lì rú duì shēng chǎn zhě de zhuān yè néng lì hé jì néng de liǎo jiě， yòng yǐ duì rén cái de gūliáng hé xuǎn bá； duì shēng chǎn zhě de dòng jī、 qíng xù hé xū yào de liǎo jiě， yǐ yù cè tā men de biǎo xiàn hé duì gōng zuò de yǐng xiǎng； xié diào yǔ shēng chǎn zhě zhī jiān de guān xì， fā huī tā men de shēng chǎn hé gōng zuò jī jí xìng。 lìng yī fāng miàn， hái bāo kuò duì lǐng dǎo zhě de xīn lǐ huó dòng tè diǎn de yán jiū。 lì rú lǐng dǎo néng lì、 lǐng dǎo zuò fēng、 lǐng dǎo xīn lǐ sù zhì de liǎo jiě， yòng yǐ duì lǐng dǎo xíng wéi de píng jià hé duì lǐng dǎo zhě de xuǎn bá。 zǔ zhì guǎn lǐ xīn lǐ xué jì kě yòng yú gōng yè shēng chǎn、 qǐ yè jīng yíng， yòu kě yòng yú zhū rú xué xiào、 yī yuàn、 wén tǐ jī gòu děng shì yè dān wèi。
lín chuáng huò yī xué xīn lǐ xué
xīn lǐ yì cháng kě yóu yí chuán hé shè huì shì yìng bù liáng 'ér chǎn shēng。 lín chuáng xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū xīn lǐ yì cháng de fā shēng yuán yīn、 fā bìng jī zhì、 zhèng zhuàng yǔ zhěn duàn、 yù fáng yǔ zhì liáo de xué kē， bìng cóng zhōng fēn chū xīn lǐ zhì liáo yǔ xīn lǐ zī xún de miàn duì shè huì hé yī liáo fú wù de zhuān mén shì yè。 lín chuáng xīn lǐ xué jì bāo kuò yán zhòng de xīn lǐ biàn tài jí bìng（ rú jīng shén fēn liè zhèng）； yě bāo kuò qīng dù de dān chún yóu xīn lǐ yīn sù suǒ yǐn qǐ de shén jīng zhèng（ rú shén jīng xìng jiāo lǜ） huò yōu yù zhèng， hái bāo kuò yóu xīn lǐ yīn sù yǐn qǐ de qū tǐ jí bìng（ rú gāo xuè yā）。 hòu zhě chēng wéi xīn shēn yī xué； bìng cóng zhì liáo de jiǎo dù， yán jiū bìng yīn， zhěn duàn yǔ yù fáng， xíng chéng yī mén xīn xīng de jiàn kāng xīn lǐ xué。
duì xīn lǐ yì cháng de yán jiū， bù jǐn duì yī liáo shí jiàn yòu zhòng yào zuò yòng， ér qiě cóng yì cháng yǔ zhèng cháng de bǐ jiào zhōng， yòu zhù yú jiē shì xīn lǐ de jī zhì。 yīn cǐ， cóng xué kē de guān diǎn hé xué shù yán jiū de jiǎo dù， duì xīn lǐ yì cháng de bìng yīn、 jī zhì、 zhěn duàn yǔ zhì liáo fāng miàn de yán jiū， chēng wéi biàn tài xīn lǐ xué。
sī fǎ yǔ fàn zuì xīn lǐ xué
sī fǎ xīn lǐ xué shì yán jiū wéi fǎ xíng wéi yǐ jí chǔlǐ wéi fǎ xíng wéi zhōng de xīn lǐ xué wèn tí de xué kē。 tā shè jí fàn zuì、 zhēn chá、 shěn xùn yǐ jí gǎi zào zuì fàn děng guò chéng zhōng， duì fàn zuì yuán yīn、 zhēn xùn jì shù、 gǎi zào shǒu duàn de yán jiū。 zhēn chá hé shěn xùn rén yuán yìng jù bèi de xīn lǐ sù zhì hé xīn lǐ jì néng yě shì yán jiū de zǔ chéng bù fēn。
fàn zuì xīn lǐ xué yǔ sī fǎ xīn lǐ xué yòu zhòng dié de fāng miàn， qián zhě zhuózhòng yán jiū zuì fàn xíng wéi de xīn lǐ yuán yīn。 yóu qí shì qīng shàonián fàn de xīn lǐ tè diǎn、 xīn lǐ dòng jī、 gè tǐ rén gé hé qíng xù tè zhēng， shì yán jiū de zhòng yào fāng miàn。 duì zuì fàn de gè rén chéngzhǎng bèi jǐng、 jiā tíng、 xué xiào、 shè huì de zhì fàn zuì yīn sù děng fāng miàn yě yào jìn xíng diào chá yán jiū。
xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de kè guān gōng jù
sān、 xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de kè guān gōng jù： shén jīng xì tǒng
xīn lǐ bìng bù shì rén nǎo tè yòu de。 lì rú： wō chóng duàn tóu kě yǐ zài shēng； wā yǔ chán chú qiē chú dà nǎo bàn qiú réng yòu tiáo jiàn fǎn shè； qù chú dà nǎo de gē zǐ réng yòu běn néng de fēi tiáo jiàn fǎn shè， réng néng zǒu hé fēi。 zài dà nǎo quē shī de qíng kuàng xià， zhè xiē dòng wù réng biǎo xiàn chū xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng . yīn cǐ， dà nǎo bìng bù shì xīn lǐ cún zài de bì yào tiáo jiàn。
dòng wù jìn huà shǐ biǎo míng： xīn lǐ shì dòng wù jìn huà dào qiāng cháng dòng wù shí chǎn shēng de， cǐ shí de dòng wù chǎn shēng liǎo zuì yuán shǐ de shén jīng xì tǒng ---- wǎng zhuàng shén jīng xì tǒng。 zài shēng wù jìn huà liàn shàng， shén jīng xì tǒng chū xiàn zhī qián bìng wú xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， xīn lǐ shì yǔ shén jīng xì tǒng tóng shí chǎn shēng de。 ér hòu suí zhe shén jīng xì tǒng zhú jiàn fù zá， xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng yě yì bù yì qū de fēng fù qǐ lái。 zuò wéi xīn lǐ de wài guān zhī yī， qí xíng wéi yě rì yì fù zá。 bù lùn chǔyú hé zhǒng jiē duàn de dòng wù， jiǎ rú chōu chū huò pò huài qí quán bù de shén jīng xì tǒng， xīn lǐ bì jiāng xiāo shī。 bìng qiě ruò sǔn huài mǒu bù fēn shén jīng xì tǒng， qí xīn lǐ bì rán huì chū xiàn ruò gān bù zhèng cháng。
xīn lǐ shì yóu cì jī yǐn qǐ de， shì cì jī yǐn qǐ de diàn mài chōng zài shén jīng xì tǒng shàng chuán bō de jiēguǒ， shì shēng wù diàn liú zài shén jīng xì tǒng zhōng chuán bō suǒ yǐn qǐ 'ér chǎn shēng de， shì cì jī zài xì bāo mó shàng yǐn qǐ de diàn liú zài shén jīng xì tǒng zhōng chuán dǎo suǒ yǐn qǐ de。 shì shén jīng xì tǒng zài cì jī de zuò yòng xià chǎn shēng de。 yīn cǐ， shén jīng xì tǒng shì xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de gōng jù。
xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de jī zhì
sì、 xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de jī zhì： shén jīng xì bāo de mó diàn wèi biàn huà
cóng dān yī xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de qǐ diǎn lái kàn， shǒu xiān shì cì jī zuò yòng yú shén jīng xì bāo 'ér yǐn qǐ xīn lǐ de， zhè gè dān gè cì jī shì rú hé yǐn qǐ xīn lǐ de？ shén jīng xì bāo de xì bāo mó cún zài jí huà xiàn xiàng， xì bāo mó nèi cè jù jí fù diànhè， xì bāo mó wài cè jù jí zhèng diànhè， mó liǎng cè xiāng dāng yú gè cún zài yī gè jí bǎn， mó nèi cè xiāng dāng yú fù jí bǎn， mó wài cè xiāng dāng yú zhèng jí bǎn， zhè yàng xì bāo mó shàng jiù xiāng dāng yú cún zài yī gè diàn chǎng， zài xì bāo mó wèi shòu dào rèn hé cì jī shí， mó liǎng cè xiāng duì jìng zhǐ bù dòng bìng cún zài jìng xī diàn wèi， yī dàn mó shòu dào yī dìng qiáng dù de cì jī， jìng xī diàn wèi jiù huì biàn chéng dòng zuò diàn wèi， mó liǎng cè de dài diàn lì zǐ yòu chóngxīn zǔ hé， xíng chéng liǎo mó nèi jù jí zhèng diànhè 'ér mó wài jù jí fù diànhè de diàn chǎng， dāng cì jī xiāo shī hòu， xì bāo mó yòu jìn xíng liǎo tiáozhěng， yòu huī fù dào wèi shòu cì jī dì zhuàng tài， cǐ shí mó nèi jù jí fù diànhè mó wài jù jí zhèng diànhè， zhè yàng zài mó liǎng cè diàn chǎng jiù fā shēng liǎng cì fāng xiàng xìng de gǎi biàn， jí diàn chǎng fā shēng liǎo zhòng dà biàn huà， biàn huà de diàn chǎng chǎn shēng cí chǎng， cǐ shí xíng chéng liǎo diàn cí chǎng， zhè xiāng dāng yú diàn cí zhèn dàng。 ér zhè cì biàn huà de jiēguǒ shì cì jī chù de xì bāo mó yòu huī fù yuán tài， gù cì jī zuò yòng duì xì bāo shī jiā de néng liàng quán bù chuán dì chū qù。 zhè xiē néng liàng shì rú hé chuán dì de ní？ zhè gè cì jī zài xì bāo mó shàng yǐn qǐ liǎo xì bāo mó shàng diàn wèi de biàn huà， chǎn shēng yī gè xīng fèn diǎn， yǐn qǐ lín jìn wèi shòu dào cì jī de xì bāo mó diàn wèi yě fā shēng biàn huà， xíng chéng xīn de xīng fèn diǎn， jù tǐ guò chéng shì： xīng fèn diǎn de diàn chǎng yǔ lín jìn wèi xīng fèn diǎn de diàn chǎng zhī jiān chū xiàn diàn shì chā， dài diàn lì zǐ jiù huì yí dòng， shǐ lín jìn wèi xīng fèn bù xīng fèn， diàn chǎng fā shēng fāng xiàng de gǎi biàn， gāi chù de diàn wèi yóu yuán lái de jìng xī diàn wèi biàn chéng dòng zuò diàn wèi， chǎn shēng yī gè mó nèi jù jí zhèng diànhè mó wài jù jí fù diànhè de diàn chǎng， yǔ wèi xīng fèn shí de diàn chǎng fāng xiàng xiāng fǎn， yuán lái xīng fèn bù de néng liàng zhuǎn yí dào wèi xīng fèn bù， shǐ wèi xīng fèn bù xīng fèn qǐ lái， jìn xíng yī cì diàn cí zhèn dàng， chǎn shēng liǎo diàn cí chǎng。 tóng lǐ， zhè gè xīn de xīng fèn bù yòu yǐ cì xiàng xià yī gè wèi xīng fèn bù chuán bō diàn cí chǎng， qí jī lǐ zài yú mó liǎng cè dài diàn lì zǐ de liú dòng， dàn shì， ruò wǒ men bǐ jiào xiāng jù jiào yuǎn de yǐ xīng fèn guò de xīng fèn diǎn de huà， jiù fā xiàn zhè liǎng diǎn bìng wèi yòu lì zǐ de jiāo liú， xiāng tóng de zhǐ shì liǎng diǎn dū jīng lì liǎo yī cì diàn chǎng de lián xù biàn huà， bìng chǎn shēng liǎo diàn cí chǎng， zhè shì shénme yǐn qǐ de ní？ jiū qí gēn yuán， zhè shí jì shàng shì cì jī yǐn qǐ de diàn cí chǎng zài mó shàng jìn xíng de chuán bō。 shén jīng xì bāo de xì bāo mó bǎ cì jī“ biān mǎ” chéng yī dìng pín shuài hé qiáng dù de diàn cí chǎng， yán shén jīng xiān wéi chuán bō， cóng 'ér yǐn qǐ rén de gǎn jué， chǎn shēng liǎo xīn lǐ， diàn cí chǎng zài shén jīng xì tǒng nèi de huó dòng jiù shì xīn lǐ huó dòng， diàn cí chǎng zài shén jīng xì tǒng nèi chuán dǎo yǔ jiā gōng suǒ yǐn qǐ de xiàn xiàng jiù shì xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng（ diàn cí chǎng tōng guò shén jīng qiān yǐn jī ròu xì bāo cóng 'ér biǎo xiàn wéi tǐ tài de biàn huà， yīn cǐ wǒ men kě yǐ tōng guò kǎo chá tǐ tài de biàn huà lái tuī cè xīn lǐ biàn huà）。 xīn lǐ jiù shì zhè gè diàn cí chǎng， diàn cí chǎng zài shén jīng xì tǒng nèi de yòu xù kuò zhǎn yǔ yùn dòng jiù shì xīn lǐ huó dòng。
diàn cí chǎng shì rén lèi wú fǎ yòng gǎn guān zhí jiē gǎn zhī de， kàn bù jiàn， mō bù zhe， wén bù dào， zhè shì yóu rén lèi gǎn guān de jú xiàn zào chéng de， ér qiě xīn lǐ zhǐ yòu zài cì jī xià cái néng chǎn shēng， gù 'ér shǐ rén gǎn dào shén mì mō cè， xīn lǐ nán yǐ wéi rén suǒ lǐ jiě suǒ bǎ wò yě jiù bùzúwèi guài liǎo， kě shì， rén de xīn lǐ zuò wéi rén duì cì jī fǎn yìng de chǎn wù， zài rén lèi shēng huó zhōng zhàn yòu jí qí zhòng yào de dì wèi， fā huī liǎo fēi cháng guǎng fàn de zuò yòng， yóu yú rén lèi duì tā de wú zhī， duì tā de jù dà zuò yòng yòu wú fǎ kòng zhì， dàn rén lèi yòu bì xū duì xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng zuò chū kàn sì hé lǐ de jiě shì， suǒ yǐ jiù bǎ tā shén mì huà， chǎn shēng liǎo zhǒng zhǒng jiǎ xiǎng。
zhí wù hé dī děng dòng wù méi yòu shén jīng xì tǒng， xì bāo mó shàng chǎn shēng de diàn cí chǎng wú fǎ zài xì bāo mó shàng shí xiàn yuǎn jù lí chuán bō， gèng wú fǎ shí xiàn dìng xiàng chuán bō， mó zài cì jī xià suǒ chǎn shēng de diàn cí chǎng zhǐ shì zài xiǎo fàn wéi nèi jìn jù lí kuò sàn， shí xiàn bù liǎo diàn cí chǎng de guī fàn yòu xù chuán bō， gù 'ér zhè zhǒng diàn cí chǎng bù shì xīn lǐ。 zhǐ yòu zài shén jīng xì tǒng de dìng xiàng chuán dǎo yǔ yuē shù xià， zài mó shàng chǎn shēng de diàn cí chǎng cái shì xīn lǐ。 lí kāi liǎo shén jīng xì tǒng， xīn lǐ jiāng bù huì chǎn shēng hé cún zài。
zǒng zhī， xīn lǐ de běn zhì shì shén jīng xì tǒng zài cì jī zuò yòng xià xíng chéng de yòu xù biàn huà de diàn cí chǎng。
xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng hé xīn lǐ guò chéng de tǒng yī
wǔ、 xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng hé xīn lǐ guò chéng de tǒng yī（ gǎn jué xīn lǐ xué de jiàn lì）
gǎn jué shì cì jī wù de mǒu zhǒng tè xìng jìn rù shén jīng xì tǒng de“ tōng dào”， tā bǎ cì jī“ biān mǎ” chéng bù tóng pín shuài hé qiáng dù de diàn cí chǎng zài shén jīng xì tǒng“ zhōu yóu”， yǐn qǐ xiāng yìng de tǐ tài biàn huà（ bāo kuò xíng wéi hé yǔ yán）。 rén de gǎn jué shì fēi cháng yòu xiàn de， jiù zhǒng lèi 'ér yán， zhǐ yòu wǔ zhǒng gǎn guān， rén lèi jiù quē fá gē zǐ suǒ jù yòu de cí jué。 jiù gǎn shòu fú dù 'ér yán， zhǐ néng gǎn shòu yī dìng qiáng dù fàn wéi de cì jī， guò gāo guò dī de cì jī dōubù néng zhí jiē yǐn qǐ wǒ men de gǎn jué， rén lèi jiù méi yòu gǒu de xiù jué líng mǐn（ yī dìng cún zài yī gè wǒ men suǒ gǎn jué bù dào de shì jiè）。
zhī jué shì bǎ tōng guò gǎn jué 'ér“ sōu jí qǐ lái” de jǐ zhǒng wù zhì tè xìng de zōng hé qǐ lái jìn xíng de fǎn yìng， biǎo xiàng zé shì duì wù zhì guò qù dào xiàn zài de zhěng tǐ rèn shí de zǒng jié， xiǎng xiàng shì zài guò qù biǎo xiàng de jī chǔ shàng duì wù zhì de kě néng xíng tài jìn xíng de yù cè。 zài sì wéi shí kōng zhōng， dào xiǎng xiàng jiē duàn jiù xíng chéng duì wù zhì de xíng xiàng huà de rèn shí。 zhè zài sī wéi shàng jiù shì xíng xiàng huà sī wéi， chōu xiàng sī wéi zé shì duì shì wù de chōu xiàng tè zhēng de sī wéi。 sī wéi jiù shì duì shì wù tè zhēng de“ jiā gōng”。 yóu cǐ kě jiàn， gǎn jué shì qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng dà shà de“ dì jī”， qí tā xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng dōushì jiàn lì zài gǎn jué de jī chǔ shàng。
jì yì shì bǎ shì wù de tè xìng“ lù rù” dà nǎo de guò chéng； lù rù de nèi róng yòu de jiàn lì liǎo yǔ qí tā yuán yòu nèi róng de lián xì， zhā xià gēn lái 'ér biǎo xiàn wéi“ cháng shí jì yì”， ér zhā bù xià gēn lái de jì yì， yòu gēn jù qí néng huí yì qǐ lái de shí jiān cháng duǎn fēn wéi duǎn shí jì yì hé zàn shí jì yì。
yì shí hé qián yì shí shì jīng guò jì yì guò chéng de shì wù tè zhēng de“ cún zhù kù”。 néng gòu huí yì qǐ lái de nèi róng shì zàn cún zài yì shí zhōng de nèi róng， bù néng gòu huí yì qǐ lái de nèi róng shì cún fàng zài qián yì shí de nèi róng。 èr zhě guān xì rú xià：（ 1） yì shí yǔ qián yì shí bìng wú míng xiǎn de jiè xiàn， dàn yòu yī gè guò dù shí qī hé guò dù kōng jiān。（ 2） zài zì rán zhuàng tài xià， yì shí zǒng shì xiàng qián yì shí guò dù。（ 3） zài wài jiè de gān yù xià， rén yě kě yǐ bǎ qián yì shí zhuǎn huà wéi yì shí， lì rú tōng guò xīn lǐ fǎng tán zhī dào zì jǐ de sàng fù huò sàng mǔ xīn jié。（ 4） qián yì shí suī rán nán yǐ huàn qǐ， dàn réng rán fā huī zuò yòng， bù zì jué de gǎi biàn rén de xíng wéi。（ 5） qián yì shí de kù cún yuǎn yuǎn dà yǔ yì shí de kù cún。 biǎo xiàn zài dāng qián zuò yòng shàng jiù shì qián yì shí fā huī de zuò yòng yuǎn yuǎn dà yú yì shí， yì shí zhǐ shì qián yì shí hé yì shí de“ bīng shān yī jiǎo”。
yǔ yán yǔ xíng wéi dōushì rén de yī zhǒng“ tǐ tài”， zhǐ bù guò shì gāo dù zǔ zhì huà liǎo。 xīn lǐ tōng guò shén jīng xì tǒng tiáokòng rén de wài zài jī ròu jiù xíng chéng liǎo“ tǐ tài”。（ 1） yǔ yán de jiě shì： yǔ yán shì tōng guò shēng dài hé kǒu shé děng xiāng guān jī ròu de gāo dù zǔ zhì huà， fā chū yòu guī zé de shēng bō， bù tóng de shēng bō bèi fù yú bù tóng hán yì， jiù gòu chéng liǎo kǒu tóu yǔ yán； shū miàn yǔ yán zé shì bǎ bù tóng hán yì de shēng bō yòng fú hào jì lù xià lái， zhè gè fú hào jiù shì shū miàn yǔ yán。（ 2） xíng wéi de jiě shì： xíng wéi zé shì zài xīn lǐ zhī pèi xià chǎn shēng de gè zhǒng dòng zuò， zhè xiē xíng wéi jù yòu yī dìng de hán yì bìng fā huī yī dìng de zuò yòng。 tǐ tài chú liǎo yǔ yán hé dòng zuò zhī wài hái yòu fēi cháng fēng fù de nèi róng， zuì míng xiǎn de shì rén de“ xīn líng de chuāng hù” ---- yǎn shén。 rén men zhù yào tōng guò tǐ tài biàn huà lái tuī cè hé tàn zhī rén de xīn lǐ biàn huà hé zuò yòng， tā shì xīn lǐ yùn dòng de wài guān。
néng lì shì xīn lǐ gōng néng zài xíng wéi jiēguǒ shàng de fǎn yìng， xíng wéi jiēguǒ dá dào yù qī de mùdì jiù biǎo míng néng lì gāo， xīn lǐ gōng néng qiáng， fǎn zhī， zé biǎo míng néng lì dī hé xīn lǐ ruò。
zhì lì shì xīn lǐ gōng néng zài sī wéi chéng guǒ shàng de fǎn yìng， yòu jiào gāo sī wéi chéng guǒ chǎn shēng jiù biǎo míng zhì lì gāo。 fǎn zhī， zé biǎo míng dī。
qì zhì shì xīn lǐ zhuàng tài zài rén de tǐ tài shàng de fǎn yìng。 liáng hǎo de xīn lǐ zhuàng tài jiù shǐ qì zhì yōu liáng， bù tóng de xīn lǐ zhuàng tài biǎo xiàng wéi bù tóng de qì zhì。
xū qiú shì shēng wù zì shēn de bù duàn fā zhǎn hé wán shàn zài xīn lǐ shàng de fǎn yìng。 dòng wù zǒng shì qū xiàng yú bǎo cún hé wán shàn zì wǒ， xiàn shí yī dàn bù néng lì jí tí gōng bǎo cún hé wán shàn zì wǒ de tiáo jiàn， xīn lǐ jiù huì chǎn shēng yào mǎn zú zhè gè tiáo jiàn de yào qiú， xū qiú jiù zhè yàng chǎn shēng liǎo。 xū qiú de chǎn shēng shì shēng wù zì wǒ shēng cún hé fā zhǎn de xū yào。
dòng jī shì zhǐ xīn lǐ zhǐ yǐn xíng wéi yào dá dào de mù biāo。 xū qiú shì dòng jī chǎn shēng de qián tí。
qíng xù shì xīn rèn zhī yǔ yǐ yòu zhī shí pèng zhuàng chǎn shēng de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng， dāng xīn rèn zhī yǔ yǐ yòu zhī shí fā shēng chōng tū nǎi zhì máo dùn shí， xīn lǐ jiù huì yǐn qǐ fù xìng qíng xù（ tōng guò nèi fēn mì xì tǒng？）， suí zhe qiáng dù dà xiǎo， qíng xù de qiáng dù yě xiāng yìng zēng jiǎn， fǎn zhī zé yǐn qǐ zhèng xìng qíng xù。
qíng gǎn shì qíng xù zài mǒu shì wù shàng de rèn zhī huà níng jié。 yī gǎn jué dào gāi shì wù jiù huì zhù dòng rèn wéi gāi shì wù hǎo huò huài， fēi kuài tiào guò chōng tū guò chéng 'ér chǎn shēng gù dìng qíng xù。 zhè yě shì kě yǐ tōng guò zài lìng yī gè gèng gāo céng cì tiáojié rèn zhī 'ér gǎi biàn zhè xiē qíng xù huò qíng gǎn de。
xué xí shì zhù dòng、 xì tǒng 'ér zhuān mén de jì yì guò chéng。
xìng gé shì zhǐ xīn lǐ de wěn dìng de qīng xiàng xìng。 zài dài rén jiē wù shí zhí guān biǎo xiàn chū lái。
rén gé shì zhǐ xīn lǐ tè zhēng zài shè huì guān xì zhōng biǎo xiàn chū de wěn dìng de qīng xiàng xìng。 yǔ xìng gé xiāng bǐ， rén gé cè zhòng yú rén de zhī shí tǐ xì hé yóu cǐ jué dìng de jià zhí guān， ér xìng gé zé cè zhòng yú xīn lǐ zì shēn de tè zhēng。
xīn lǐ xué de zhǒng zhǒng guò chéng yǔ xiàn xiàng dōushì yǐ gǎn jué wéi jī chǔ jiàn lì qǐ lái de， gǎn jué shì xīn lǐ guò chéng hé xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de luó ji qǐ diǎn， dōushì cóng gǎn jué fā zhǎn chū lái de。 rú guǒ bǎ gǎn jué bǐ zuò“ yīng 'ér”， xīn lǐ guò chéng hé xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng jiù shì gè zhǒng lèi xíng de“ chéng rén”， gǎn jué shì xīn lǐ de“ pēi yá”。 yīn cǐ xīn lǐ de yī qiē guò chéng yǔ xiàn xiàng dōukě yǐ cóng gǎn jué chū fā dé dào hé lǐ jiě shì， yīn cǐ xīn lǐ xué tǒng yī de jī chǔ zài yú gǎn jué。 gǎn jué xīn lǐ xué de shí zhì jiù shì dà tǒng yī de xīn lǐ xué。
xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de fù zá yuán yīn
liù、 xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng fù zá de yuán yīn
( yī )、 xīn lǐ de wú fǎ zhí jiē gǎn zhī xìng。 xīn lǐ zuò wéi yī zhǒng diàn cí chǎng， rén lèi yòu xiàn de wǔ zhǒng gǎn guān shì wú fǎ zhí jiē gǎn zhī de。 zhǐ néng yì shí dào tā de zuì dà gòng xìng ---- kè guān shí zài xìng， ér qí tā jù tǐ de xìng zhì zé wú fǎ zhí jiē bǎ wò。
( èr )、 xīn lǐ gōng néng de qiáng dà jí wú suǒ bù zài xìng。 yòu rén de dì fāng bì yòu xīn lǐ fā huī zuò yòng， bì yòu xīn lǐ fā huī qí nán yǐ míng zhuàng de gōng néng。 xīn lǐ zhī pèi rén de xíng wéi， fēn fán fù zá de xíng wéi dōukě yǐ cóng xīn lǐ jiǎo dù dé dào hé lǐ de jiě shì。 rén de yī qiē huó dòng dōushì xíng wéi， ér xīn lǐ jué dìng zhè yī qiē， yóu cǐ kě jiàn， xīn lǐ de gōng néng shì duō me de qiáng dà！ ér qiě xīn lǐ zì shēn yòu jù yòu gāo dù de fù zá xìng。 kě shì yóu yú shè huì tiáo jiàn de xiàn zhì， rén shì wú fǎ zhí jiē bǎ wò xīn lǐ zhè zhǒng wù zhì de， xiàn shí yòu yào qiú bì xū duì rén de xíng wéi zuò chū mào sì hé lǐ de jiě shì。 yú shì rén men jiù bǎ tā“ shén huà”， bǎ“ xīn lǐ” guān míng wéi“ líng hún” huò“ xīn líng”， bǎ tā zuò wéi shàng dì de“ jié zuò” huò“ zhǐ yì”， xīn lǐ zài xī là wén zhōng de yì sī jiù shì“ líng hún”。 zhè zhǒng bǎ xīn lǐ shén huà de guān niàn shǐ rén zhuì rù qí tú， zài sī xiǎng shì xīn lǐ gèng shì xiǎn dé mí wù chóngchóng。
( sān )、 shén jīng xì tǒng de qiáng dà zì zǔ zhì xìng。 zài xīn lǐ yǐ kào shén jīng xì tǒng fā huī qí gōng néng shí， shén jīng xì tǒng zì shēn yòu kě yǐ bù duàn de jiàn gòu hé wán shàn， shǐ xīn lǐ gōng néng gèng hǎo de fā huī bìng qiě gèng wéi qiáng dà， bìng shǐ xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng gèng jiā fù zá。 zhè shí jì shàng shì gōng néng yǔ jié gòu de guān xì de yī gè suō yǐng。 cháng yòng de shǒu shǐ shǒu de jié gòu fā yù de gèng néng cóng shì jīng cháng de huó dòng， cháng nián cóng shì zhòng tǐ lì láo dòng de rén， qí shǒu jiào wéi kuān dà qiě jié jiǎn； cháng páo bù de rén， qí dà tuǐ wǎng wǎng fā dá。 zhè xiē dōushì gōng néng cù jìn jié gòu fā yù de lì zǐ， fā yù qǐ lái de jié gòu yòu néng shǐ gōng néng gèng hǎo de fā huī。
shén jīng xì tǒng de jié gòu yǔ gōng néng de zhè zhǒng guān xì gèng jiā tū chū hé míng xiǎn。 shén jīng xì tǒng de jiàn gòu hěn dà chéng dù shàng yǐ lài shén jīng xì tǒng fā huī de chéng dù hé zhǒng lèi。 shén jīng xì tǒng fā huī de zuò yòng yuè duō， fā huī zuò yòng de zhǒng lèi yuè duō， qí jié gòu yuè wán shàn， yuè lì yú qí fā huī zuò yòng（ dà nǎo yuè yòng yuè líng）。 yuè gāo jí de dòng wù qí shén jīng xì tǒng yuè fā dá， gōng néng duì jié gòu de cù jìn zuò yòng yuè qiáng dà。 jiù rén 'ér yán， gāng chū shēng yīng 'ér de dà nǎo zhòng liàng zhǐ yòu chéng rén de yī bàn， lìng yī bàn dà nǎo fā yù rú hé zhù yào yǐ kào chū shēng hòu suǒ jiē chù de shè huì huán jìng。 yòu lì shén jīng xì tǒng fā huī zuò yòng de huán jìng néng dà dà gǎi shàn dà nǎo de jié gòu bìng zēng jiā qí zhòng liàng， yìn dù“ láng hái” de dà nǎo， qí zhòng liàng dà dà dī yú cháng rén， gèng wú lùn qí jié gòu liǎo。
nǎo kē xué yě biǎo míng： jīng cháng cóng shì mǒu zhǒng huó dòng de rén， tiáojié gāi huó dòng de dà nǎo bù wèi wǎng wǎng yuè fā dá； ér hěn shǎo cóng shì mǒu zhǒng huó dòng de rén， tiáojié gāi huó dòng de dà nǎo bù wèi wǎng wǎng wěi suō， shèn zhì zài rén de chéngzhǎng zhōng xiāo shī！
jì yì xīn lǐ xué biǎo míng： cháng shí jì yì jiù shì gǎi biàn liǎo shén jīng tū chū hé zhóu tū de fāng xiàng、 dà xiǎo nǎi zhì lián jiē。 zàn shí hé duǎn shí jì yì zhǐ shì bǎ shén jīng xì bāo gǎi biàn de bù míng xiǎn。
xīn lǐ běn lái tōng guò shén jīng xì tǒng fā huī zuò yòng， dàn zài fā huī zuò yòng de tóng shí， shén jīng xì tǒng“ biàn de” gèng yòu lì yú xīn lǐ zuò yòng de fā huī。 zhè zhǒng xiāng hù zuò yòng， xiāng hù wán shàn hé cù jìn de qíng kuàng shǐ xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng gèng wéi fù zá， yī rú jī shēng dàn hái shì dàn shēng jī yī yàng ràng rén kùn huò 'ér nán biàn。
cì jī yě shì yī zhǒng zuò yòng， shì yī zhǒng lì de zuò yòng， zì rán jiè yī qiē zuò yòng dōukě yǐ guī jié wéi sì zhǒng lì de zuò yòng。 bù tóng qiáng dù hé zhǒng lèi cì jī néng cù shǐ shén jīng xì tǒng de fā yù， yě shǐ xīn lǐ de gōng néng qiáng dà qǐ lái。 yīn cǐ jiē chù jiào duō cì jī de 'ér tóng jiù bǐ jiào cōng míng。
( sì )、 wǔ zhǒng gǎn guān de fù zá de jiāo hù zuò yòng。 wǔ zhǒng gǎn guān hé yǐ zào chéng rú cǐ fù zá de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng。 zhè shì yīn wéi mào sì fù zá shì wù de běn zhì yuán běn shì dān chún 'ér jiǎn dān de， zhǐ shì zài fā zhǎn guò chéng zhōng fù zá qǐ lái。 zhè gè guī lǜ cún zài xǔ duō shì wù de fā zhǎn zhī zhōng， néng gòu jìn xíng fù zá jì suàn yǔ biàn huàn tú xíng de diàn nǎo， shì jiàn lì zài jiǎn dān de 'èr jìn zhì de jī chǔ shàng de；“ wàn jīng zhī shǒu” de yì jīng， qí chǎn shēng zhǐ shì yīn yáo yǔ yáng yáo 'èr zhě de jiāo hù zuò yòng； zì rán jiè qiān wàn zhǒng shēng wù de yí chuán wù zhì dōushì wǔ zhǒng jiǎn jī duì de bù tóng de shùn xù lián jiē yǔ pèi duì。 shì jué、 tòng jué， chù jué、 wèi jué yǔ tīng jué wán quán kě yǐ shǐ xīn lǐ fù zá duō biàn， lìng rén yǎn huā liáo luàn。
xīn lǐ xué liú pài de tǒng yī
qī、 xīn lǐ xué liú pài de tǒng yī
xīn lǐ xué liú pài dà zhì yòu： xíng wéi zhù yì xīn lǐ xué， jīng shén fēn xī xīn lǐ xué、 cún zài zhù yì xīn lǐ xué、 rén běn zhù yì xīn lǐ xué， gé shì tǎ xīn lǐ xué、 rèn zhī xīn lǐ xué、 gōng néng zhù yì xīn lǐ xué、 jié gòu zhù yì xīn lǐ xué。 zhè xiē liú pài zhuózhòng yú xīn lǐ běn zhì de tàn suǒ， shì qí jī běn lǐ lùn bù fēn。 xià miàn duì zhè xiē liú pài jìn xíng zhú yī fēn xī， shí jì zhè zhǒng zhǒng liú pài dōushì zhuózhòng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng、 guò chéng huò gōng néng de mǒu gè huán jié， ér hū luò qí tā huán jié suǒ yǐn qǐ de， shì piàn miàn、 jú bù huò huán jié xìng de yán jiū， méi yòu jìn xíng zhěng tǐ、 quán miàn huò běn zhì de yán jiū。
xíng wéi zhù yì xīn lǐ xué cè zhòng yú xīn lǐ wài huà de yī gè biǎo xiàn（ xíng wéi） jìn xíng yán jiū。 xīn lǐ tōng guò shén jīng xì tǒng lái zhī pèi jī ròu shōu suō hé shū zhāng chǎn shēng dòng zuò， cóng 'ér chǎn shēng xíng wéi。 xīn lǐ de zhè zhǒng fā huī zuò yòng de fāng shì shì xīn lǐ fā huī zuò yòng de zhù yào 'ér qiě míng xiǎn de qú dào。 xīn lǐ fā huī zuò yòng de fāng shì hái yòu xǔ duō qú dào， lì rú： tán huà、 shū miàn yǔ yán hé yǎn shén děng。 shí jì shàng， xīn lǐ tōng guò shén jīng xì tǒng biǎo xiàn yú wài de zhěng tǐ xiàn xiàng shì tǐ tài， xíng wéi shì cóng tǐ tài zhī zhōng fā zhǎn qǐ lái de yī gè fēn zhī， zhè gè fēn zhī bèi yōu xiān fā zhǎn 'ér qiě tū chū chū lái， yǐ zhì yǎn gài zhěng gè tǐ tài。 tǐ tài de qí tā fēn zhī hǎo bǐ xīng chén， ér xíng wéi jiù hǎo bǐ tài yáng， xíng wéi yǎn gài liǎo qí tā fēn zhī de guāng máng， rén men wǎng wǎng shì cóng míng xiǎn 'ér tū chū de bù fēn zhuóshǒu lái yán jiū de， suǒ yǐ xíng wéi zài xīn lǐ xué yán jiū zhōng bèi tū chū chū lái。 shèn zhì yǐ yán jiū xíng wéi lái dài tì xīn lǐ de yán jiū， bǎ xīn lǐ xué dìng wèi wéi yán jiū xíng wéi de kē xué， zhè shì yán jiū fāng xiàng de qí huà hé péng zhàng。 xíng wéi zhù yì xīn lǐ xué zhǐ shì duì xīn lǐ de yī gè wài zài xiàn xiàng de yán jiū， xīn lǐ biǎo xiàn de zhěng tǐ shì tǐ tài， tǐ tài hái yòu qí tā xíng shì ---- yán tán、 shū miàn yǔ yán hé yǎn shén děng děng， jìn nián lái yǔ yán xīn lǐ xué de xīng qǐ jiù shì yī gè míng zhèng。
jīng shén fēn xī xīn lǐ xué yán jiū de cè zhòng fāng xiàng shì qián yì shí gōng néng de tàn jiū， què qiē de shuō shì duì yā yì zài qián yì shí zhōng de shāng hài yì shí de yán jiū。 ér xīn lǐ de qí tā fāng miàn dōuhěn shǎo shè jí。 qí shí qián yì shí yǔ yì shí de jiè xiàn bìng méi yòu fú luò yī dé suǒ shuō nà yàng míng xiǎn。 bǐ rú biān qí zì xíng chē biān kàn fēng jǐng， qí zì xíng chē de xíng wéi kòng zhì kě yǐ gēn jù qíng kuàng biàn huà suí shí chū rù qián yì shí。 běn zhì shàng yì shí yě shì qián yì shí， yì shí de nèi róng yī dàn bù bèi zhù yì jiù yā rù qián yì shí， biàn chéng qián yì shí de nèi róng。 rén de jué dà bù fēn xíng wèishì shòu qián yì shí kòng zhì de， shòu yì shí kòng zhì de xíng wéi zhǐ zhàn hěn xiǎo de bǐ lì， zhè yàng yòu lì yú yī gè rén tóng shí cóng shì duō xiàng yùn dòng， gēngshēn kè jiǎng yòu lì yú rén lèi shì yìng zì rán， rén de xīn tiào、 hū xī hé zhǎ yǎn děng jī běn shēng lǐ huó dòng dōushì shòu qián yì shí kòng zhì de， zhè yòu lì yú jiǎn qīng yì shí de yā lì。 rén rú guǒ tóng shí yào yì shí dào bìng kòng zhì zhè xiē huó dòng， rén jiù huì bèi zhè xiē huó dòng lèisǐ， gèng wú lùn shēng cún yǔ fā zhǎn liǎo。 zhè xiē bèi yā yì zài qián yì shí de yùn dòng yī dàn chū xiàn bù zhèng cháng， jiù huì fǎn huí dào yì shí céng， chóngxīn bèi yì shí zhù dòng jī jí de tiáokòng。
rén běn zhù yì xīn lǐ xué cóng rén réndōu yòu cún zài hé fā zhǎn de xū yào chū fā， rèn wéi rén réndōu yào fā zhǎn hé wán shàn zì jǐ， dōuyòu xiàng liáng hǎo fāng xiàng fā zhǎn de xīn lǐ。 shì rén de zhèng cháng hé lǐ xū qiú de fǎn yìng。 gāi xīn lǐ xué bǎ rén kàn chéng yī gè zhěng tǐ， zhuózhòng yán jiū rén de fā zhǎn xū qiú de shí xiàn guò chéng， jí zhǐ zài tàn tǎo rén xìng zì wǒ shí xiàn de xīn lǐ lì chéng。 gāi xīn lǐ xué zhù yào guān diǎn shì rèn wéi rén réndōu yòu zhuī qiú shēng mìng yì yì hé chuàng zào měi hǎo shēng huó de qián lì， zhè shí jì shàng shì rén de fā zhǎn xū qiú de fǎn yìng。 yī jù huà， rén běn zhù yì xīn lǐ xué shì zhuózhòng yán jiū rén de shēng cún hé fā zhǎn xū yào de xīn lǐ xué， ér zhè jǐn jǐn shì xīn lǐ xué yī gè hěn xiǎo de yī gè fāng miàn。
cún zài xīn lǐ xué shì cóng rén de zhěng tǐ chū fā tàn tǎo dú lì de gè rén xīn lǐ yǔ shì jiè de guān xì， piān zhòng gè rén xīn lǐ de dú lì xìng， tàn tǎo dú lì gè rén cún zài de zhěng tǐ jīng yàn。 gāi xīn lǐ xué běn zhì shì piān zhòng yán jiū gè rén xīn lǐ zài shì jiè huán jìng zhōng de zhěng tǐ de biàn huà guī lǜ。
wán xíng xīn lǐ xué cǎi yòng zhěng tǐ lùn guān diǎn jiě shì zhī jué， rèn wéi zhī jué shì yǐ gǎn jué wéi jī chǔ de chāo gǎn jué de zhěng tǐ jīng yàn。 qí hé xīn guān niàn shì“ zhěng tǐ bù děng yú bù fēn zhī hé”。 zhè shí jì shàng shì rén tǐ jié gòu yǔ gōng néng de zì zǔ zhì guò chéng hé jiēguǒ。 chī fàn chéngzhǎng de rén bìng bù děng yú yuán chū de rén yǔ fàn de dié jiā； huò qǔ zhī shí de rén bìng bù shì rén yǔ zhī shí de zǒng hé， zhī shí bèi yǐ yòu zhī shí chóngxīn zǔ zhì， rán hòu bèi nà rù yǐ yòu de zhī shí xì tǒng； shén jīng xì tǒng zài cì jī de zuò yòng xià， qí jié gòu yě bèi huò yǐn huò xiǎn de gǎi biàn。 zhī jué jiù shì duì jǐ zhǒng gǎn jué jīng guò lèi sì de zǔ zhì huà 'ér xíng chéng de， shì duì jǐ zhǒng gǎn jué de zhěng tǐ fǎn yìng， suī bù děng yú gǎn jué zhī hé， dàn gǎn jué shì zhī jué bì bèi de sù cái hé“ yuán liào”。 zhè zhǒng zì zǔ zhì huà de jiēguǒ shì biǎo xiàn chū zhěng tǐ xìng， jí wán xíng xìng。 yī jù huà： wán xíng xīn lǐ xué cè zhòng de shì xīn lǐ de zì zǔ zhì xìng， shì duì xīn lǐ de zì zǔ zhì xiàn xiàng hé jiēguǒ de yán jiū。
rèn zhī xīn lǐ xué zhù yào cè zhòng rén de rèn zhī guò chéng de yán jiū， jí yán jiū rén shì rú hé huò qǔ zhī shí de， shì yán jiū rén huò dé zhī shí guò chéng de xīn lǐ xué， duì qíng xù， néng lì jí xìng gé děng xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng yán jiū jiào shǎo， gèng wú lùn yì zhì、 dòng jī hé xū qiú děng xiàn xiàng。
jié gòu zhù yì xīn lǐ xué cè zhòng cǎi yòng shí yàn fāng fǎ yán jiū yì shí de jié gòu， zhè shì shòu wù zhì jié gòu lùn yǐng xiǎng de jiēguǒ。 yóu yú xīn lǐ de jí gāo de liú biàn xìng、 fù zá xìng hé gāo dù de zì zǔ zhì xìng， yào yòng dān chún de shí yàn lái jīng què huà yì shí de jié gòu， zài xiàn yòu kē xué shuǐ píng shàng shì gēn běn bù kě néng de。 dàn gāi xīn lǐ xué chōng fēn fā huī liǎo“ zhuān” de zuò yòng， yǐn fā duì xīn lǐ xué de gèng guǎng fàn gēngshēn kè de yán jiū， yǐn chū liǎo xīn lǐ xué shàng xǔ duō“ yù kuài”。
gōng néng zhù yì xīn lǐ xué shì zuò wéi jié gòu zhù yì xīn lǐ xué de duì lì wù chū xiàn de， zhuózhòng tàn tǎo gè tǐ shì yìng huán jìng shí suǒ chǎn shēng de xīn lǐ gōng néng。 suí zhe jié gòu zhù yì de shuāi luò， gāi xué pài yě zì xíng xiāo shī
xīn lǐ xué： shì yán jiū rén de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de fā shēng， fā zhǎn hé biàn huà de guò chéng， bìng zài cǐ jī chǔ shàng jiè shí rén de xīn lǐ huó dòng guī lǜ de yī mén kē xué。
jiǎn duǎn de zǒng jié：
1、 shén jīng xì tǒng de chǎn shēng shì xīn lǐ qǐ yuán de wù zhì jī chǔ hé bì yào tiáo jiàn。（ ér bù shì nǎo）
2、 xīn lǐ shì wù zhì duì cì jī zuò chū fǎn yìng de gāo dù zǔ zhì huà de wù zhì。 ( xīn lǐ de yòu yī gè bì yào tiáo jiàn )
3、 xīn lǐ chǎn shēng de biāo zhì shì gǎn jué。（ xīn lǐ zhì de wài zài biāo zhì）
4、 xīn lǐ de běn zhì shì shén jīng xì tǒng zài cì jī zuò yòng xià xíng chéng de yòu xù biàn huà de diàn cí chǎng。（ xīn lǐ de shēng wù wù lǐ fēn xī）
5、 xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng de fù zá xìng yuán yú shén jīng xì tǒng de fù zá xìng。
6、 fù zá de xīn lǐ xiàn xiàng tǒng yī yú gǎn jué（ jí qí xì tǒng huà、 zǔ zhì huà。）
7、 gè zhé xué liú pài de yán jiū qǐ diǎn lí bù kāi shén jīng xì tǒng jí gǎn jué。
sè cǎi xīn lǐ xiào yìng
sè cǎi cè shì xīn lǐ xué jiā lǚ shè 'ěr（ M.Lusher） fēn xī de yán sè yǔ xìng gé de guān xì
yán sè：
1. hóng sè 2. lán sè 3. huáng sè 4. lǜ sè 5. chá sè 6. zǐ sè 7. huī sè 8. hēi sè
xìng gé de qīng xiàng :
1. hóng sè dài biǎo rén de zhēng fú yù yǔ nán zǐ hàn qì gài de yán sè。 xǐ huān hóng sè de rén dà dōuyòu yě xīn， huì jī jí dì zhēng qǔ xiǎng yào dé dào de dōng xī， shì xíng dòng xíng de rén。 duì gōng zuò yě shì rè qíng gāo zhǎng， dàn shì guò yú xīng fèn shí kě néng huí duì zhōu wéi de rén jù yòu gōng jī xìng , hóng sè dài biǎo zhe jī qíng hé guāng róng , hóng sè dài biǎo yǒng bù yán bài de jīng shén qì zhì .
2. lán sè dà hǎi de xiàng zhēng， shì dài biǎo chén wěn yǔ nǚ xìng qì zhì de yán sè。 xǐ huān lán sè de rén xìng gé shàng dū hěn chén zhe wěn zhòng， ér qiě chéng shí， hěn zhòng shì rén yǔ rén zhī jiān de xìn lài guān xì， néng gòu guān zhào zhōu wéi de rén， yǔ rén jiāo wǎng bīn bīn yòu lǐ , lán sè dài biǎo bó dà xiōng huái , yòng bù yán qì de jīng shén . hé xié shì jiè .
3. huáng sè dài biǎo huó pō、 míng kuài yǔ wēn nuǎn de yán sè。 xǐ huān huáng sè de rén xìng gé kāi lǎng wài xiàng， ér qiě yòu zhe yuǎn dà de lǐ xiǎng。 tā men xī wàng xiǎn shì chū zì jǐ de xìng gé， dàn yòu shí hòu zuò shì huì yòu xiē miǎnqiǎng , huáng sè dài biǎo chuán tǒng qì xī .
4. lǜ sè dài biǎo zì xìn xīn、 wěn jiàn yǔ yōu yuè gǎn de yán sè。 xǐ huān lǜ sè de rén bǐ jiào wěn zhòng， shì rěn nài lì hěn qiáng de lèi xíng。 hěn zhù yì yǔ zhōu wéi huán jìng de tiáohé， dàn shì zài yòu bì yào guàn chè zì jǐ xiǎng fǎ de shí hòu， yě néng gòu lěng jìng dì biǎo dá chū lái . lǜ sè dài biǎo jiàn kāng , zì rán , rén yǔ zì rán de xiāng hù hé xié .
5. chá sè dài biǎo jiā zú、 jiā tíng、 wēn xīn de huán jìng hé 'ān quán gǎn de yán sè。 xǐ huān chá sè de rén wēn hé kuān hòu， shì yòu xié diào xìng de lèi xíng。 tā men hěn shàn yú chǔlǐ rén yǔ rén zhī jiān de guān xì， yī bān lái shuō zài yòu fán nǎo de shí hòu kě yǐ qù zhǎo zhè yī lèi xíng de rén tán xīn , chá sè yě dài biǎo liǎo yī zhǒng tè shū de wén huà , chá dào .
6. zǐ sè zhè zhǒng yán sè dài biǎo gǎn xìng de、 shén mì de、 qíng yù de shì wù。 xǐ huān zǐ sè de rén hěn làng màn， shì fù yú gǎn shòu xìng de lèi xíng， xìng gé xì nì， fù yòu gè xìng。 zài mǒu xiē fāng miàn huì xiǎn shì chū zì wǒ táo zuì de tè zhēng . zǐ sè gēngdài biǎo liǎo yī zhǒng tè shū de lǐ xiǎng zhù yì .
7. huī sè shì dài biǎo chén jìng、 yōu yǎ、 jì mò de yán sè。 xǐ huān huī sè de rén duō shù yǐ zì wǒ wéi zhōng xīn， duì tā rén bù gǎn xīng qù。 yòu shí huì xiǎn dé yōu róu guǎ duàn， duì tā rén yǐ lài xìng qiáng . huī sè yě dài biǎo liǎo tuí fèi , chén jiù , xiàng zhēng zhe yī zhǒng qù jiù chéng xīn de tè shū yì wèi .
8. hēi sè shì dài biǎo duàn jué niàn tóu、 qū fú、 jù jué、 fàng qì de yán sè。 xǐ huān hēi sè de rén dú lì xìng qiáng， yòu hěn qiáng de gǎi biàn xiàn zhuàng de yuàn wàng。 tā men shì shí fēn nǔ lì shàng jìn de rén， dàn yòu shí méi yòu cháng xìng . hēi sè dài biǎo shén mì , wú suǒ bù néng de lì liàng !.
guó nèi yòu míng de xīn lǐ xué wǎng zhàn
guó nèi dāng qián bǐ jiào yòu míng de jǐ gè xīn lǐ xué wǎng zhàn：
huá xià xīn lǐ xué： www.psychcn.com yǐ xīn lǐ zī xún péi xùn wéi zhù， shì bǐ jiào lǎo pái de xīn lǐ xué zhàn diǎn liǎo。
xīn lǐ xué 8 xiǎo shí zhī wài： www.psytopic.com kàn qǐ lái xiàng shì yī gè xīn lǐ xué zá zhì wǎng zhàn， rén qì bù cuò yòu zá zhì。
sài kè qí： www.psygi.com xīn lǐ xué lùn wén hé yú lè bìng zhòng， miàn xiàng fēi xīn lǐ xué zhuān yè de 'àihào zhě。
xīn lǐ sōu pǔ： www.psysoper.com jù jí liǎo yī xiē guó wài liú xué de xīn lǐ xué rén cái hé guó nèi yī xiē xīn lǐ xué zhuān yè chū shēn de rén
zhè jiāng shī fàn xīn lǐ xué xì： http://psychology.zjnu.net.cn/， shì guó nèi bǐ jiào zǎo kāi shè xīn lǐ xué xì de xué xiào， yě shì lǎo pái de xīn lǐ xué wǎng zhàn。
fú zhōu dà xué yìng yòng xīn lǐ xué xì http://www.jyxxy.cn， fú jiàn shěng nèi dì yī suǒ 211 gōng chéng gāo xiào kāi shè yìng yòng xīn lǐ xué zhuān yè
xīn lǐ zī xún： www.xlzx.com xīn lǐ zī xún wéi zhù de wǎng zhàn， yòu zì jǐ de lùn tán， mù qián zuò de bù cuò。
guǎng zhōu wéi zhì zhōng xīn lǐ zī xún zhōng xīn http://www.wzz.com.cn
xiāng guān de jǐ gè xīn lǐ xué jīng pǐn kè chéng
yī、 hé yī xīn shēn jiàn kāng gōng zuò fǎng xì liè：
A、“ yōu rán zì dé” de xīn líng SPA---- jǐn zhāng yǔ bù 'ān de yā lì guǎn lǐ；
B、 míng xiǎng jiàn kāng fāng ---- chuán tǒng de míng xiǎng yǔ xiàn dài xīn lǐ xué xiāng jié hé de xīn shēn jiàn kāng yǔ kuài lè zhī fǎ；
C、 xìng fú shuì mián gōng zuò fāng ---- shī mián de zì rán zhì liáo；
D、“ miào yīn” jiàn kāng fāng ---- tōng guò zì wǒ de jiǎn dān fā yīn huò yīnyuè bāng zhù zì jǐ tiáolǐ qíng xù， ān níng xīn shén， jiàn kāng xīn shēn；
E、 rén shēng jiǎo běn de fēn xī ---- tàn suǒ nǐ gù yòu de mó shì， chóngxīn rèn shí zì jǐ， yǐ jí qián yì shí céng miàn de xū qiú yǔ kě wàng；
F、 gǎn guān de fù sū ---- zhēn chéng de miàn duì zì jǐ de gǎn shòu， liǎo jiě zì jǐ gǎn jué sàng shī huò má mù de yuán yīn jí jiě jué zhī dào， huī fù gè gè gǎn guān de zhī jué， xiǎng shòu duō cǎi de xìng fú rén shēng；
G、 shēng mìng shù zì（ yán sè、 huán jìng、 shí jiān） néng liàng ---- liǎo jiě shēng mìng mì mǎ， yùn yòng zì wǒ mì mǎ shù zì de néng liàng tiáohé zì jǐ de néng liàng tǐ xì， jì 'ér qiáng dà zì jǐ de néng liàng， zhuǎn huà zhōu wéi de néng liàng， bǎo hù zì jǐ。
èr、 cuī mián xì liè：
1、 guó jì cuī mián shī zhèng shū kè chéng
2、 guó jì cuī mián zhì liáo shī zhèng shū kè chéng
3、 zhěng hé jiǎn yā ---- shēn xīn xǐ yuè zhī lǚ
4、 cuī mián měi róng ---- mèi lì rén shēng zhī lǚ
sān、 jiǔ xíng rén gé xué xì liè：
1、 jiǔ xíng rén gé jī chǔ bān
2、 jiǔ xíng rén gé jìn jiē bān
3、 jiǔ xíng rén gé xiāo shòu gōng zuò fāng
4、 jiǔ xíng rén gé guǎn lǐ gōng zuōfáng
5、 jiǔ xíng rén gé rén jì guān xì gōng zuò fāng
sì、 shāng wù xì liè：
1、 diān fēng xiāo shòu xīn lǐ xué
2、 yíng xiāo qú dào tè xùn yíng
3、 zhuó yuè gōu tōng lì
4、 zhuó yuè lǐng xiù lì
wǔ、 qí jì shēng mìng xì liè：
1、 shēng mìng wǔ zhě ---- zhì huì jìng xīn zhī lǚ
2、 xīn shēn hé yī ---- hé yī néng liàng xīn líng zhī lǚ
3、 qí jì shēng mìng zhī lǚ
Psychology (English name Psychology) is to study the phenomenon of human and animal psychology, development and activities of the law and of a science. Animal psychology to study both the psychological (mental animal research is mainly to deep to understand, predict the occurrence of human psychological development of the law) who also studied psychology, but to the psychological phenomenon as the main object of study. So short, psychology is the study of psychological phenomena and psychological laws.
The term psychology comes from the Greek, meaning science of the soul. Soul in the Greek text, the meaning of gas or breathing, because the ancient people that life is dependent on breathing, respiratory arrest, life is over. With the development of science, psychology, the object of the soul to soul. Until the early 19th century, German philosopher, educator Herbert was the first time is a science of psychology. The original, psychology and education are all belong to the scope of philosophy, and later in their infancy from the philosophy out. Science of psychology is not only to describe the psychological phenomenon, more importantly, explain the psychological phenomena to reveal their occurrence and development of the law.
Psychological origin
Psychology is the product of biological nervous activity, mainly from the psychological origin of Comparative Psychology (study of all biological species neurological and psychological development), developmental psychology (psychology during the development of human individuals) on two fronts. Nervous system produced animals is the psychological origin of the material base and the necessary conditions.
Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental activities of science.
2000 years ago in ancient Greece, Hippocrates identified four personality (choleric temperament, sanguine, thick quality, depression and quality)
Gailun Ti after the ancient Greek temperament out of this concept, instead of character with temperament, the formation of four kinds of temperament and later psychological study, followed this classification.
19th century, psychology and philosophical.
Mid-19th century, introduced experimental psychology research as a way to make psychology as an independent discipline. Germany Weber developed the famous Weber's law (sensation threshold law)
In 1860, Fechner in Germany to create a mental physics, Germany Ebbinghaus create memory in rats.
1879, University of Leipzig, Germany, Wundt established in psychological research, marking the birth of scientific psychology. Empirical research methods used in this discipline to become a turning point in science. The subsequent 100 years, psychology martial strife and a high degree of development, further improve the disciplinary system.
Psychology, social science or natural science, is the angle and position, because it itself has characteristics of both. Natural areas classified as basic psychology, applied psychology, social science areas classified, therefore, it was called the "middle Discipline. "
Psychological origin, especially human high-level psychological processes, such as thinking, language, emotion, will produce high-level psychological characteristics, is the neural basis of process and product of human society, so we can not be purely biological point of view to study the propositions .
The historical roots of psychology
First, the historical roots of psychology: the material reflects the characteristics of the product of long-term development
Reflect the characteristics of the boost was seen only in its existence, no stimulation, reflecting the characteristics of them will be hidden, not shown. Psychology also has such common. Only when stimulated, will demonstrate psychological phenomena, showing the existence of psychology. Without stimulation, psychological disappears. Mental stimulation is based on the creation, existence and development. Mental stimulation is made of material on the highly organized to reflect the material
Psychology logo
Second, a sign of psychology: feelings
The logical level, the psychological phenomena, including sensation, perception, image, memory, thought, imagination, emotion and will, etc., in the end is a psychological phenomenon that marks the birth of psychology? The psychology of sign that? What kind of psychological phenomenon is a declaration of psychology in?
A phenomenon must have its essence, a psychological phenomenon, there will be psychology. In all psychological phenomena to which is the first to produce and fundamental psychological phenomenon, and can launch the development of other psychological phenomena reasonable? Clearly felt. Only the sense of producing the first and can develop other psychological phenomena, should be a sign of psychological birth. This inference from three aspects: (1) feeling is the basis for all other psychological phenomena, did not feel there would be no all the other psychological phenomenon. Feeling was born, the other psychological phenomena on the basis of developed sense, the feeling is the source of all other psychological phenomena and the "germ" and other psychological phenomena is based on the development in the sense, grow and mature together. Feeling that the building other psychological phenomena, "the foundation", and other mental phenomena are built on the basis of feeling. (2) individual psychology that: newly born babies only unconditional reflex, just a simple feeling, and perception and representation, etc. have not yet developed, but we can not deny that there is no psychological baby. So we actually recognized in the subconscious feeling of infants only have a psychological! With the birth of psychological feeling of birth once and will have a psychological sense. With the feeling alone, it marks the birth of psychology, all other psychological phenomena are to feel the "germ" developed, is the germ at different stages of growth. As the baby's development, have gradually developed their mental and psychological phenomena become increasingly complex. (3) animal evolutionary history also shows that the feeling is a sign of psychology and the "germ." Feeling is that when _select_ed? That feeling in the evolutionary history of animals is that animals began to appear in it? History of animal evolution. The beginning of psychological phenomena is coelenterate animals. Coelenterate nervous system with the network to a simple sensory stimulus to reflect on the outside, coelenterate the lowest level with the most simple psychological phenomenon, namely with mental, psychological birth of the coelenterate body, with the animals after evolution and development, psychological development is also gradual, rich, gradually emerged in perception, image, imagination and thinking so. Evolutionary psychology evolutionary history is the history of animal attachments, and with the evolution and the evolution of animals. Psychology is also a feeling from the only animal with the biological evolution and developed, based on the psychological sense as in biological evolution and the complex together, there is a mirror and think, etc., until the emergence of consciousness and thinking and other senior psychological phenomenon.
The classification of psychology
The development of modern psychology, in theory, has formed a basic, as a science independent system. In the application of community practice in the field with established extensive contacts, to form the many branches, reflecting the independence of the scientific systems of classification.
General Psychology
In the context of general psychology, psychological activities in accordance with the basic processes and individual psychological characteristics, can be divided into sensory (vision, hearing, touch perception, motion perception, smell and taste) psychology, perception psychology, memory, psychology, attention to psychology, thinking, psychology, speech psychology, emotion psychology, motivation psychology, smart psychology, temperament psychology, personality psychology and other branches of basic subjects.
Physiological psychology
Physiological psychology from the physiological and neurological physiology, neuroanatomy, biochemistry and other aspects of nerve on the basis of psychological and physiological mechanism of the discipline, basic research is an important psychological component. Physiological psychology in the modern brain science research methods and modern technology, based on a variety of psychological phenomena reveal the anatomy of the brain and brain function of law occur. Physiological psychology, including neuropsychology, biological psychology, animal psychology and other branches.
Social Psychology
Social psychology is to study the individual in a particular society, community conditions, mental, motivation, interpersonal relationships and the law of the development of disciplines. Focuses on the social psychology of the individual conditions and rules of society, the individual's social motivation and attitude formation, interpersonal relations and group formation and psychological aspects of the general law. Social psychology including the national psychology, family psychology and other branches.
Abnormal psychology
It is the study of human psychology and behavior abnormalities, including cognitive activity, emotional activity, motivation and will conduct activities such as intelligence and personality characteristics of the abnormal performance. Therefore, it can be said, is to study and reveal abnormal psychology abnormal psychology De Fa Sheng, development and change Guilv of a science.
Evaluation of abnormal psychological phenomena, it generally takes from three study areas: ① From the statistical aspects of study. Normal curve in the two extreme groups of individuals are abnormal. ② from the personal life history study. Often the individual's current mental activity to be compared with the past to see if the change is different from ordinary. ③ study of social adaptation. Social adjustment according to individual level of defects, analysis of whether they are abnormal. In addition, in assessing whether the abnormal mental phenomena, can not be ignored social and cultural background reference information.
The correction of the abnormal psychology, can be divided into psychological and physical treatment of two categories. Psychological treatments such as verbal and non-verbal psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, suggestion therapy, behavior therapy. Physical therapy, mental therapy, physical therapy, psychological and physical therapy and surgical treatment. In addition, a number of comprehensive therapy can also be achieved remarkable results. Prevention is the abnormal psychology is an important issue. Because the causes abnormal psychology is very complex, requiring all aspects of comprehensive preventive measures to be effective.
Abnormal psychology is to study the patient's abnormal mental or pathological behavior of the branch of medical psychology, also known as pathological psychology. It uses psychological principles and methods of psychological or pathological behavior of abnormal manifestations, causes and mechanisms of development of the law, the methods of identification and assessment of treatment and prevention measures.
Developmental Psychology
Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is to study the process of school education and teaching students the mental activities of the subjects. It mainly involves branches of knowledge and skills to master the psychological activities of the characteristics and laws of intellectual development and intelligence measurement investigation methods, psychological factors affect the teaching process, moral character and habits of the formation of laws, as well as families, schools, organizations social ideology of the students. Educational psychology involves a wide range, which may include educational psychology, learning psychology, mental discipline, mental retardation and compensation, intellectual and psychological measurement and teachers branch.
The psychology of work
Labor psychology in the labor required in the process of mental ability and psychological quality of operating procedures, operating conditions and operator of the psychological characteristics of adaptation problem. The psychology of work may include engineering and industrial psychology psychology. Psychology major research project in production is highly mechanized and automated conditions in human and machine interaction. Producer of industrial psychology to rationalize the _select_ion and operation issues.
Literary Psychology
Sports Psychology
Sport psychology and sports competitions involving psychological characteristics. Sports in general, the researchers involved in various sports anatomical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system and organ sensitivity and sensitivity as well as the activities of consciousness dominated by the ability to study the formation of motor skills and techniques of general laws. In sporting events, under the conditions of competition should have the emotional characteristics, will, and personality characteristics, motivation level of competition, emotional state of the occurrence of motor skills. In the athlete _select_ion, the _select_ion and measurement methods of psychological development are also important areas of research.
Aerospace Psychology
Organizational Management Psychology
Clinical or medical psychology
Psychological abnormalities may be genetic and caused by social maladjustment. Clinical psychology is to study the causes of psychological abnormality, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the subject, and to separate the psychological from the face of social and psychological counseling and medical services, specialized undertaking. Clinical psychology, including serious psychological metamorphosis both diseases (such as schizophrenia); also includes mild psychological factors alone caused by a nerve disease (such as the nervous anxiety) or depression, psychological factors also include the body of disease (such as high blood pressure). The latter referred to as psychosomatic medicine; and from the perspective of the treatment, research etiology, diagnosis and prevention, the formation of a new health psychology.
Study of psychological abnormality, not only have an important role in medical practice, but also from abnormal and normal comparison, help to reveal the psychological mechanisms. Therefore, from an academic point of view and perspective of the causes of psychological abnormality, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of research, known as abnormal psychology.
Justice and Criminal Psychology
Psychology is the study of judicial violations and to deal with violations of the psychological problems of the subjects. It involves crime, detection, trial, and the process of rehabilitation of offenders, etc., on the causes of crime, interrogation techniques, the transformation of research. Surveillance and interrogation personnel should possess the psychological and mental skills are also part of the study.
Criminal psychology and forensic psychology overlap, the former focuses on the psychological causes of criminal behavior. In particular, the psychological characteristics of young offenders, mental motivation, personality and emotional characteristics of individuals, is an important aspect of the study. The offender's personal background, family, school, community factors that cause crime and other aspects of research should be conducted.
Psychology in the objective tool
Third, the objective psychology tool: the nervous system
Psychology is not unique to the human brain. For example: decapitated planarians can regenerate; Frog and Toad are still conditioned hemispheric resection; still instinctively dove to remove the brain of non-conditioned reflex, can still walk and fly. Missing in the brain, these animals still showed psychological phenomenon. Therefore, the brain is not a necessary condition for mental existence.
History shows that animal evolution: evolutionary psychology is to coelenterate animals arising at this time the animals had the most primitive nervous system nervous system ---- mesh. In the chain of evolution, before the advent of the nervous system is not psychological phenomena, mental and nervous system is also generated. Then gradually as the complexity of the nervous system, psychological phenomena every step of the enrichment. Appearance as a psychological one, their actions are increasingly complex. No matter what stage of the animal, if its all out or damage the nervous system, psychology will disappear. And if the damage to certain parts of the nervous system, its bound to a number of abnormal psychology.
Caused by mental stimulation is caused by electrical pulses to stimulate the nervous system, the spread of the biological current spread in the nervous system caused arising, is to stimulate the cell membrane induced currents in the nervous system caused by conduction of. Is the role of the nervous system to stimulate the production of the next. Therefore, the nervous system is a tool for psychology.
Psychology mechanism
4, Psychology mechanisms: changes in nerve cell membrane potential
Generated from a single starting point for psychological point of view, first of all stimulate the nerve cells causing psychological, this is how a single stimulus caused by psychological? Existence of nerve cell membrane polarization, gathered inside the cell membrane negative charge, positive charge accumulation outside the cell membrane, the membrane is equivalent to the existence of a plate on both sides of the membrane inside the equivalent of negative plates, membrane lateral equivalent of positive plate, This is equivalent to the existence of a membrane electric field, without any stimulation in the cell membrane, the membrane is relatively static and there on both sides of resting potential, once the film by a certain intensity of stimulation, resting potential becomes action potential, membrane again on both sides of the charged particles combined to form a positive charge and membrane accumulation gathered outside the negatively charged membrane electric field, when the stimulus disappears, the cell membrane has been adjusted, they were not stimulated to return to the state, gathered at this time membrane gathered outside the membrane negative charge positive charge, so that both sides of the membrane electric field changes direction on the two cases, that field has undergone major changes, changes in the electric field creates a magnetic field, this time formed the electromagnetic field, which is equivalent to electromagnetic shocks. The result of this change is to stimulate Department reinstated the original state of the cell membrane, thus stimulating the cell to exert all the energy transfer out. The energy is how to pass it? The stimulation in the membrane caused membrane potential changes, resulting in an excitement, causing close to not being stimulated membrane potential also changed the formation of new excitement, the specific process is: the electric field and the nearby excitement of not excitement potential difference between the electric field, charged particles will move to the Department of neighborhood is not excited excitement, change the direction of electric field, where the potential from the resting potential to become action potential, resulting in a positively charged membrane outer membrane gather together negative charge of the electric field, and are not excited when the electric field in the opposite direction, the original excitement of the energy transfer to the Department of the Ministry is not excited, so excited are not excited about the Department, conduct a magnetic shock, resulting in the electromagnetic field. Similarly, the excitement of this new department in turn down an electromagnetic field is not excited about the Department of Communication, the mechanism is the membrane on both sides of the flow of charged particles, but, if we compare the far distance over the excitement that has been excited, then realized that it the exchange of two particles has not been the same only two have gone through a field of continuous change and generate the electromagnetic field, which is what caused it? The root causes, which is actually caused by electromagnetic fields to stimulate the spread of the film for. Nerve cell membrane to stimulate the "code" into a certain frequency and intensity of the electromagnetic field propagation along the nerve fibers, causing a person's feelings, resulting in psychological, electromagnetic activity in the nervous system is the mental activity, electromagnetic field conduction in the nervous system and phenomenon is caused by processing of psychological phenomena (electromagnetic field through the muscle cells to nerve traction performance of the body changes, so we can examine the change of posture suggested psychological changes). Psychology is the electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field in the nervous system is the orderly expansion of mental activity and exercise.
Electromagnetic field of human senses can not perceive directly, see, touch or smell, which is caused by the limitations of the human senses, and mental stimulation can produce only, Guer people feel a mysterious touch test, psychological hardly be Not surprisingly, the understanding of a master, however, people's psychological response to a stimulus as a human product, in human life occupies an important position played a very extensive role, because of human ignorance of him, on his The significant role and can not control, but mankind must make a plausible psychological explanation of the phenomenon, it took him a mystery, resulting in various scenarios.
Plants and lower animals without nervous systems, electromagnetic fields generated by the membrane can not achieve long-distance communication in the cell membrane, but can not achieve directional communication, film electromagnetic fields generated by the stimulation of only a small area close diffusion, the electromagnetic field can not be achieved standardized and orderly dissemination, Guer this electromagnetic field is not psychological. Only the directional transmission in the nervous system and constraints, electromagnetic fields generated in the film is psychological. From the nervous system, psychological and there will not produce.
In short, the psychological nature of the nervous system to stimulate the formation of orderly change under the action of electromagnetic fields.
Psychological phenomena and the unity of mental processes
5, psychological phenomena and the unity of mental processes (feeling of psychological establishment)
Feeling is that some characteristics of stimulus into the nervous system of the "channel", which to stimulate the "code" into different frequency and intensity of the electromagnetic field in the nervous system "tour" of the body caused by corresponding changes in (including the behavior and language). The feeling is very limited, the species, only five senses, humans lack the pigeons possess magnetic sense. I can feel the increase could only feel a certain range of stimulus intensity, too low to stimulate are not directly caused by our feelings, humans have no sense of smell of dogs (there must be one that we feel the world).
By sensory perception is to the "gathering up" of several material properties were reflected together, the physical appearance is the overall understanding of the past to the present summary, the imagination is the basis of representation in the past, the possible morphology of the material forecast. In the four-dimensional space and time, to imagine the formation stage of understanding of the material of the visualization. This thinking is the figurative thinking, abstract thinking is characteristic of things of abstract thought. Thinking is characteristic of things "processing." This shows that the feeling is that the building of other psychological phenomena, "the foundation", and other mental phenomena are built on the basis of feeling.
Memory is a thing of the characteristics of the "input" of the brain process; input content either by creating a link with other existing content, to take root and the performance of "long memory", but no less than fixing the root to the memory, but also according to their can recall the length of time is divided into short-term memory and temporary memory.
Ability is the result of psychological function in the behavior of the reflection behavior of the purpose to achieve the desired results showed that the high capacity, strong mental function, otherwise, it indicates that the low capacity and psychological weak.
Intelligence is the outcome of the psychological functions of thinking reflects the outcome of thinking produces a higher high on that intelligence. On the contrary, it indicates that low.
Temperament is the psychological state of the human body to reflect on. Good mental state to make good temperament, a different appearance for different psychological temperament.
Demand for bio-own continuous development and improvement in psychological reflection. Animals always tend to preserve and improve the self, the reality can not be immediately available once the self-preservation and improvement of the conditions, psychological conditions will arise to meet this demand, the demand so created. Generate demand for self-survival and development of biological needs.
Guide behavior is the psychological motivation to achieve. Demand is the motivation generated by the premise.
Emotional awareness and prior knowledge of the new psychological phenomenon collision, when the new cognitive and conflicts and as there are conflicts between the Knowledge, can cause negative psychological Qing Xu (by endocrine Xitong?), With the intensity of Da Xiao, Qing Xu's corresponding change in intensity, and vice versa cause positive emotions.
Emotion is emotion recognition in a matter of condensation on. A feeling that things will take the initiative to think of the things good or bad, fast skip the process of conflict arising from a fixed sentiment. This is another higher level can be adjusted by changing the mood or cognition and emotion.
Learning is active, systematic and specialized memory processes.
Character refers to the psychological stability of the bias. Intuitive in the attitude shown by the time.
Psychological characteristics of personality is shown in the social relations of a stable tendency. Compared with the character, personality focused on the person's knowledge systems and thus determine the values and character are focused on the psychological characteristics of its own.
The various processes and phenomena of psychology are to _set_ up the basis of sensation, feeling of psychological processes and the logical starting point of mental phenomena are evolved from the feeling. If the feeling as "a baby", is the mental process and mental phenomena of various types of "adult", the feeling is psychological, "germ." Therefore, all the psychological processes and phenomena can be reasonably explained from the feeling of starting, so psychology is based on a unified feel. The essence of psychological feeling great unification of psychology.
Complex causes of mental phenomena
6, the complex causes of mental phenomena
(A), not directly perceptual psychology. Psychology as a Field, limited human five senses is not directly perceived. Only aware of its common ---- the largest objective reality, while others can not direct the specific nature of the grasp.
(C), the nervous system of the powerful self-organization. Rely on the psychological functioning of the nervous system, the nervous system and can keep their own construction and improvement of mental function to play better and more powerful, and to more complex psychological phenomenon. This is actually the relationship between function and structure of a microcosm. Commonly used hand to hand of the structure and development of more engaged in regular activity engaged in heavy physical labor all year round, their hands are more lenient and cocooning; always running, his legs are developed. These are examples of functions for structural development, the structure has grown to play it can function better.
Also showed that brain science: people often engage in certain activities, regulating the activities of the more developed parts of the brain often; the few people who engage in certain activities, regulating the activities of parts of the brain tend to shrink, even disappear in people's growing!
Memory psychology that: long-term memory is to change the direction of nerve prominent and axons, the size of even the connection. Temporary and short-term memory is the obvious change in nerve cells.
Psychology had a role to play through the nervous system, but also play a role in the nervous system, "change" more conducive to psychological role to play. This interaction, mutual improvement and promotion of the situation so that more complex psychological phenomenon, as the chicken egg thing as confusing and difficult to distinguish.
Stimulation is also a role, the role of a force, the role of nature can be attributed to all four types of loads. Different intensity and types of stimulation can promote the development of the nervous system, also make up a powerful psychological. Thus, children in contact with more stimulation is more intelligent.
(D), the complex interaction of the five senses. Caused by the five senses how such a complex psychological phenomenon. This is because the seemingly complex nature of things the original is pure and simple, but complicated in the development process. There are many things that the law of development, will be able to transform complex calculations and computer graphics, is based on a simple binary basis; "million through the first," the I Ching, which produces only two lines of Yin and Yang Yao those interactions; nature 10 million kinds of organisms are five base pairs of genetic material of a different order to connect and match. Vision, pain, touch, taste and hearing can make psychological complex, dazzling.
Psychology Schools Unity
7, the unity of psychology schools
Psychology Schools generally are: behavior psychology, psychoanalysis, psychology, existential psychology, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology, functional psychology, structural psychology. These schools focus on the exploration of psychological nature, is part of the basic theory. The following analysis of these schools one by one, these schools are focused on the real psychological phenomenon, process or function of a link, and suddenly drop caused by other sectors, is one-sided, partial, or part of the study, no overall, comprehensive or the nature of the study.
Behavioral psychology focus on the mental addition of a performance (behavior) were studied. Mental through the nervous system to produce disposable muscle contraction and relaxation movements, resulting in behavior. This psychological approach is the role of mental functioning and apparently the main channel. Psychological functioning the way there are many channels, such as: speech, written language and gaze. In fact, the mental through the nervous system is reflected in the overall phenomenon is outside the body, the behavior is developed from the body into a branch, the branch is priority and prominence, so that cover the entire body. Body like the other branches of the stars, while the behavior is like the sun, cover up acts of other branches of the light, there is often significant and prominent part from start to study, so the behavior was prominent in the psychology out. Even to study the behavior instead of psychological research, the psychology, behavioral science orientation for the study, which is the disproportionation and the expansion of research. Behavioral psychology is only an external phenomenon of psychological research, psychological performance of a whole body, posture and other forms ---- discourse, written language and eye contact, etc. In recent years, language is a proof of the rise of psychology .
Psychoanalytic Psychology focuses on the direction of the unconscious functions of the inquiry, precisely, is suppressed in the subconscious awareness of the damage. The psychology was very little involved in other aspects. In fact, the boundaries of the unconscious and consciousness is not as obvious Floyd said. Such as landscape edges look bike, cycling behavior of control can change at any time under the circumstances out of the subconscious. Consciousness is essentially unconscious, the contents of consciousness when attention is not on the pressure into the subconscious, into the contents of the unconscious. Most people act is subject to subconscious Kong Zhi, and conscious control of behavior by only a small proportion of this will help a person while engaged in a number of campaigns, the speech and even more profound for human adaptation to natural, human heart, respiratory and blink, and other basic physiological activities are controlled by the subconscious, which will help reduce the sense of pressure. Person who at the same time recognize and control these activities, people will be exhausted by these activities, but regardless of the survival and development. The campaign was suppressed in the subconscious if abnormal, will return to the awareness level, re-regulation to be proactive sense.
Humanistic Psychology from everyone has the existence and development needs, that everyone must develop and perfect themselves, have a good direction to the psychological. Is the normal and reasonable person needs to reflect. The psychology of man as a whole, and focused on the realization of human development needs of the process, that aims to explore the psychological process of human self-realization. The psychology major point is that everyone has the pursuit of the meaning of life and the potential to create a better life, which is in fact a reflection of people's development needs. In short, humanistic psychology is the focus of people's survival and development needs of the psychology, but this is only a small aspect of psychology.
There's a whole psychology is starting from independent personal psychology of the relationship with the world, emphasizing the independence of individual psychology to explore the overall experience of independent personal existence. The emphasis of individual psychology is the psychological nature of the world's environment as a whole were studied.
The main focus of cognitive psychology who studies cognitive process, that of how people acquire knowledge is the process of acquiring knowledge of human psychology, emotional, ability and personality and other psychological phenomena of smaller, more regardless of the will, motivation and demand and so on.
Structuralism focuses on using experimental methods of psychology, the structure of consciousness, which is affected by the physical structure of the results. As the psychological high flow variability, complexity and a high degree of self-organization, to use a simple test to accurately sense the structure of the existing scientific level is impossible. However, the full psychology of "brick" role, lead to the broader and more profound psychological study raises a number of psychology "jade pieces."
Functional psychology as the opposite of structural psychology emerged, focusing on the individual to adapt to the environment arising from the psychological function. With the decline of structuralism, the school also go away
Psychology: a study of human psychological phenomenon, the process of development and change, and on this basis, people's mental activities will be a science.
Brief summary:
1, the nervous system is the psychological origin of the material production base and the necessary conditions. (Not brain)
2, psychology is reflected in the physical stimulus to highly organized substances. (Another psychological prerequisites)
3, symbol of psychology is feeling. (Mental quality of the external signs)
4, the psychological nature of the nervous system to stimulate the formation of orderly change under the action of electromagnetic fields. (Mental biophysical analysis)
5, the complexity of mental phenomena from the complexity of the nervous system.
6, complex psychological phenomenon of unity in feeling (and its systematic and organized.)
7, the schools of philosophy can not be separated from the nervous system and sensory.
Psychological effects of color
Psychologist Luescher color test (M. Lusher) of the relationship between color and personality
Color:
1. Red 2. Blue 3. Yellow 4. Green 5. Tan 6. Purple 7. Gray 8. Black
Character orientation:
1. Red representative of conquest and masculinity color. Like the red are for the most ambitious, will actively seek the things you want to get is action-oriented people. Work is also enthusiastic, but too excited to be back on when the people around offensive, red represents the passion and glory, red never give ethos.
2. Blue symbolizes the sea is calm and the representative color of femininity. Like the blue in very calm and stable character of people, but honestly, attaches great importance to the relationship of trust between people can take care of the people around, with people very polite, blue for broad mind, with not giving up spirit. harmonious world.
3. On behalf of lively yellow, bright and warm colors. Character of people like the bright yellow outgoing, and has a lofty ideal. They want to show your personality, but sometimes things will be some reluctance on behalf of the traditional yellow flavor.
4. Green on behalf of self-confidence, stability and sense of superiority of color. People who like green more stable, is very strong type of endurance. Great attention to the harmony with the surrounding environment, but it is necessary when carrying out their own ideas, and can be expressed in a calm manner. Green represents health, nature, harmony between man and nature.
5. Brown on behalf of family, home, warm colors of the environment and security. Moderate generous people like brown, is the type of coordination. They are very good at dealing with human relations, in general, when there is trouble to find this type of people can talk, Brown also represents a unique culture, tea ceremony.
6. Purple color is representative of sensual, mysterious, erotic things. Like the purple people are very romantic, is a rich sensitivity to the type of fine character, full of personality. Will show in some narcissistic features. Purple more representative of a special idealism.
7. Gray represent the quiet, elegant, lonely color. Most people like the gray self-centered, others are not interested. Sometimes appear weak, dependence on others. Gray represents the decadence of old, a symbol of a kind to the old into new and special meaning.
8. Cut off the black represents the idea, yield, refused to give up color. Like black people more independent, has a strong desire to change the status quo. They are very hard to improve themselves, but sometimes not always sexual. Black on behalf of the mysterious, omnipotent power!.
Psychology of domestic well-known websites
Comparing the current known number of domestic Psychology Web site:
China Psychology: www.psychcn.com counseling training to the main site is a relatively old psychology.
8 hours outside psychology: www.psytopic.com looks like a Psychology website, a magazine popular good.
Game Kijiji: www.psygi.com psychology papers and entertaining, for fans of non-psychologists.
Psychological General Search: www.psysoper.com gathered some of the psychological study of foreign and domestic talent of some people who came Psychology
Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal: http://psychology.zjnu.net.cn/, is the earlier creation of the Department of Psychology of school psychology site is old.
Fuzhou University, Department of Applied Psychology http://www.jyxxy.cn, Fujian Province _set_ up the first 211 universities of Applied Psychology
Counseling: www.xlzx.com psychological counseling-based site, have their own forum, now doing well.
Psychological Consultation Center, Guangzhou Wei Zhihua http://www.wzz.com.cn
Some psychological-related Courses
First, unity of physical and mental health working visit series:
A, "leisurely" soul SPA ---- tension and anxiety stress management;
B, Square ---- meditation health meditation with modern psychology, the traditional combination of physical and mental health and happiness of the Act;
C, happiness workshops ---- sleep insomnia natural treatment;
D, "wonderful sounds," Health Corner ---- pronunciation through simple self-conditioning or music to help their own emotions, peace mind, healthy mind and body;
E, analysis of the script of life ---- to explore the pattern inherent in your new understanding of themselves, and the subconscious level of demand and desire;
F, sensory recovery ---- sincere face their feelings about their loss of sensation or numbness of the cause and solution to restore all sensory perception, and enjoy them much more happiness in life;
G, life figures (color, environment, time) to understand life and energy ---- the password, the password using the number of energy self-reconciling their own energy system, then the energy of their powerful, transforming the energy around to protect themselves.
Second, hypnosis series:
1, International Hypnosis Certificate Course
2, International Hypnotherapist Certificate
3, integration of physical and mental pleasure trip decompression ----
4, hypnotic charm of beauty ---- Life Journey
Third, Enneagram Studies series:
1, the basis of class Enneagram
2, Advanced Course Enneagram
3, selling Enneagram Workshop
4 Enneagram Management Workshop
5 Enneagram workshop relationships
4, Business Series:
1, peak sales of Psychology
2, marketing channels Tactical Training Camp
3, excellent communication ability
4, excellent leadership ability
5, the miracle of life series:
1, Life Wisdom meditation tour dancers ----
2, psychosomatic unity of spirit energy ---- One Journey
3, the miracle of life journey
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