hūnyīn
釋義：
(1) [marriage]∶嫁娶的事。嫁和娶都是對男和女結在一起共同生活這麽一種社會現象的述，嫁是從女方說的，娶是從男方說的，有嫁必有娶，有娶必有嫁，嫁和娶同時存在，從二者的詞義上來講，沒有男和女哪一方處於從屬地位的涵義。
(2) [matrimony]∶男人和女人結為夫妻；已結婚的狀態。
婚姻的由來：
婚姻，古時又稱'昏姻'或'昏因'。一般而言，婚姻一詞的起源有三說法：漢朝的鄭玄說，婚姻指的是嫁娶之禮。在我國古代的婚禮中，男方通常在黃昏時到女迎親，而女方隨着男方出門，這'男以昏時迎女，女因男而來'的習俗，就是'昏''因'一詞的起源。換句話說，婚姻是指男娶女嫁的過程。
世界主要國法定結婚年齡
中國法定結婚年齡男22周歲，女20周歲。之就算晚婚
世界主要國法定結婚年齡附經濟學分析
世界主要國法定結婚年齡如下：伊朗法定結婚年齡9歲；荷蘭法定結婚年齡12歲；俄羅斯法定結婚年齡14歲；法國法定結婚年齡15歲；菲律賓法定結婚年齡16歲；韓國法定結婚年齡16歲；日本男18歲、女16歲；巴西16歲；中國香港16歲；中國灣16歲；美國各州不一，部分州規定，如雙方未滿成年人年齡，經父母同意方可結婚，有的州規定男子不滿18歲、女子不滿16歲者，即使父母同意也不能結婚。愛達荷、密西西比、新澤西和華盛頓等州則允許年滿14歲的男孩、年滿12歲的女孩結婚
人類婚姻史
追溯到原始時代，就有所謂的婚姻，這是一種群居高等生命的本能屬性，自然法則會用異性相吸的力量，使哺乳類生命繁衍生息。人類的婚姻存在形式以及結方式，受人類社會環境的影響。不同時代和地區的社會環境，造就多樣的婚姻模式，以及結方式。科學的意義上看，如果沒有婚姻，很多血統就會出現混亂，不利於人們的優良繁衍。
原始人類並不需要婚姻，這跟今天的靈長動物是一樣的，不必細說。來有氏族社會，用的是集群婚，即一個氏族的男性或女性集嫁到另一個氏族。這也是在進化過程中為族群繁衍和防止亂倫導致族群退化而形成的一個習俗。再來進入私有社會，有一對一或一對數的固定的夫妻關係，於是就産生婚姻制度。
值得指出的是，由於婚姻産生於私有，所以它一直與人的財産關係密切相關。由於男子是私有社會的主，所以女子一直被看作男子的財産，於是多數古代社會是一夫多妻。而且搶婚、買賣妻妾等現象也源於此。由於私有的財産由於血緣關係中的男性繼承，為保證血緣的純淨，就有“處女情結”和對女子性行為的嚴格約束。
當出現部落和國等社會組織之，婚姻又成一種政治籌碼。從部族的通婚，到國統治者之間的“聯姻”，都是試圖通過婚姻來達到政治目的。直到今天，婚姻仍被富豪家庭用於結盟和理順財産繼承關係。
至於在自然小農經濟社會中，婚姻則是一種勞動的分工組，即所謂“男耕女織”，“男主外女主內”。而在現代社會中的老百姓，婚姻則是為組成一個家庭，在滿足人的正常生活需要的同時，承擔為族和社會養育代的責任和義務，也是人的一種歸宿。
綜看來，婚姻是自然的法則，違背這一法則的人，會給自己帶來一些煩惱。人類的婚姻展史大約經受不了這樣幾個階段：雜亂性交時期、群婚（血緣群婚、族外群婚）、對偶婚、一夫一妻。
雜亂性交
雜亂性交時期人群雜居，採集植物，食用魚蝦和動物。上帝尚未將人逐出伊甸園，人還未吃善惡果，無羞恥之心，父母兄弟姐妹雜處性交，毫無現代人的“亂倫” 觀念。在中國神話中，伏羲和女媧乃是兄妹相交；在古希臘神話中，宙斯和赫拉也是兄妹為夫婦，大地之母該亞生衆多子女，又以自己的兒子為新夫；在《聖經》，甚至在耶和華確立男性中心地位之，還能讀到關於索多瑪俄摩拉被毀滅，所留的羅得和兩個女兒，為傳遞裔，女兒灌醉父親與之同寢的故事，這也是原始的雜亂性交的記憶。
雜亂性交是為繁衍代，最終必定形成，知其母不知有父的以母親為主的社會關係。正如螞蟻和蜜蜂的世界，是“母”的統治。中國古代聖人的出身，往往是母親踩神跡、吞大星，或者與神物交而生，不知有父。但是以母親為主的社會關係，與生産力的展形成矛盾。當社會進入更高的階段，狩獵和捕魚業日漸發達，男人在生産勞動中，力量的優勢不斷現，這就伴隨着對地位的需求。
群婚及對偶婚
男人的力量優勢開始挑戰母親的權威，同時也挑戰父親的權威，這必定在性的分配上有衝突，而大衝突，爭奪性伴侶，甚至會導致群滅亡。人類學家現十萬年前，歐洲有一個被稱為尼德特人的族，根骨骼化石明，其身材高大，魄強健，卻神秘消失。是否就是在這樣的內部爭中相互殘殺而亡的呢？一方面是生存的本能和性的本能促使力量強大者要獲得權利和地位，從而瓦解現有的族群；一方面則是人類的展要求維持穩定的群。怎麽辦？聯史學家謝苗諾夫《婚姻和家庭的起源》認為，原始人依靠“性禁忌”來維持相對時間的穩定。“性禁忌”要求在狩獵時期或者捕魚時期，禁止任何的性交活動，甚至禁止接觸與女人有關的東西，否則就被認為是觸犯神明，乃是死罪。因為狩獵和捕魚的活動，關係族群的生存，這時候如出現因為性的爭奪引的內亂，勢必導致族群的覆亡。
但是，隨着狩獵和捕魚時期不斷延長，“性禁忌”也越來越頻繁，這不能解决問題，必須有新的限。恩格斯認為，人類最古老的家庭形式是群婚，他將群婚階段分解為：一、血緣家庭，即僅僅排斥祖先和子孫之間、雙親和子女之間互為夫妻，其他兄弟姐妹皆可。二是，普那路亞家庭，即同胞（母方的）姐妹和兄弟間，不可性交。他沒說明為什麽要有這樣的限。至於限嫡親間的通婚是為保證代質量的說法也被證明是不科學的。而謝苗諾夫所說的，為避免內部的混亂和衝突的提法是可認同的：第一種形式，為防止犯上作亂；第二，是維持成年雄性的相互寬容，消除嫉妒。
普那路亞家庭形式，必定會使得族群分化為一些氏族。在同一個氏族中，姐妹與兄弟之間，不可通婚。這就開始不同氏族之間的通婚，進入族外的群婚階段。一群男人，共同地與另一氏族的一群女人通婚，反之也是。族外婚，維持本氏族的和諧，消滅嫉妒，展族群。族外群婚展到新階段，就是對偶婚，即，一個男子以一群女子為妻子，其中有個主妻；反之，一個女子也有一群男子為夫，其中有主夫。現代中國南摩梭人在正常的一夫一妻下，還維持“走婚”的形式，其實就是對偶婚的殘留形態。
但是，隨着男性在生産活動中的地位越來越高，必定要挑戰母權，久而久之，女人從屬於男人，成為男人的財産。
一夫一妻
父權的確立，財産的私有化，為保證代子息能夠繼承父親的財産，要求子息血脈的純潔性，同時孩子確認父親的身份。這就意味着對偶婚中，將以一夫多妻的形式保存下來；也對女子的貞潔性提出要求。而血脈的正統性要求，即便是一夫多妻，也需有個主妻，像亞伯拉罕的妻子撒拉，為讓兒子以撒繼承財産，將使女夏甲及其孩子趕走。而一夫一妻的家庭，是這要求的最終結果。
所以恩格斯說，一夫一妻是不以自然條件為基礎的，而以經濟條件為基礎的，是私有對原始公有的勝利。家庭就是一個經濟結体夫，女人是男人的從屬物，是財産。因而，不存在婚姻的離異性。但是，現代的婚姻家庭，要求以愛情為基礎，而男女的獨立，尤其是經濟的獨立，消解經濟結体夫是必需的形式，女性也不再從屬於男性，而同時，愛情也並不一定能夠持續。這就是為什麽現代家庭離異現象日趨嚴重。那麽，這是否意味着，應該解一夫一妻，尋求以愛情或性本能維持的婚姻關係呢？值得討論。
婚姻在法學上的概念
作為婚姻法調整對象、婚姻法學研究對象的“婚姻”，必須有一個明確的法學概念。婚姻的法學概念應當與民法學中的民事行為概念相對應，能在婚姻法學唔系中始終如一。它應涵蓋以下三層含義：以男女兩性結為基礎；以共同生活為目的；具有夫妻身份的公示性。它應包括各種法婚姻和違法婚姻，能將其與婚前性行為、納妾、姘居、非婚同居等現象區分開來，而應避免和結婚、婚姻關係等法學概念混為一談。
以男女兩性結為基礎
這是婚姻的自然層次上的含義。男女兩性的生理差別、人類固有的性本能，是婚姻賴以形成的自然因素，也是婚姻固有的自然屬性，這自然屬性是婚姻關係區於其他社會關係的重要特，如果沒有上述姓种种氏自然因素，人類社會根本就不可能出現婚姻。
縱觀整個婚姻展史，婚姻都是以男女兩性的結為內涵。恩格斯在《家庭、私有和國的起源》一文中，不僅研究婚姻的起源和展，而且對未來社會的婚姻進行推想。蒙昧時代、野蠻時代的群婚、對偶婚下的婚姻是異性之間的結，與文明時代相適應的以通姦和賣淫為補充的一夫一妻，從名稱本身就說明它是男女兩性之間的結。從恩格斯對一夫一妻起源的分析，更可以看出它必然要求異性結為婚姻。 “一夫一妻不以自然條件為基礎，而以經濟條件。
以共同生活為目的
婚姻的目的是什麽？不同的國，不同的歷史時期，有不同的述。我國古代一直以“上以事宗廟，下以繼世”為婚姻的目的；基督教婚姻，結婚的目的在於子女的生養教育以及夫妻間的互相扶養和性要求的慰藉；近現代各國的法律也對婚姻的目的做姓种种氏規定。這些“目的”雖然紛繁雜，但透過這些當面表面反面方面正面迎面滿面封面地面路面世面平面斜面前面下面四面十面一面洗心革面方方面面面貌面容面色面目面面俱到的目的，我們可以現它們有一點是共同的，那就是它們都強調結為婚姻的男女雙方必須“共同生活”。這既是婚姻對當事人主觀心理狀態的要求，也是一直為人們所追求的婚姻在理想層次的含義。
所謂“共同生活”，是指居住在一起，成為同一個家庭的成員，處在同一個生活消費共同中。一般情況下，還包括夫妻之間的性生活和夫妻間的互敬互愛。史尚寬先生認為，“共同生活”一般為“精神的生活共同（互相親愛、精神的結）、性的生活共同（肉的結）及經濟的生活共同（計共有），”這是對“共同生活”全部內容的概括。
具有夫妻身份的公示性
夫妻身份的公示性，是婚姻的現象層次上的含義。它要求婚姻雙方當事人應具有公開的夫妻身份。婚姻概念的這一層含義，包含兩方面的內容。
第一，男女雙方必須以夫妻名義同居生活，周圍群衆也認為他們是夫妻。
也就是說，男女雙方既要具有夫妻生活的內在內容，在外部形式上還應有公衆所承認的夫妻身份。婚前性行為、納妾、姘居、非婚同居等現象的存在，要求婚姻法學建立相應的法學名詞。而要把這些法學名詞和婚姻的概念區分開來，就必然要求婚姻的概念以“夫妻身份的公示性”為內涵。
第二，夫妻身份要為公衆認可，不需要具有法性。
婚姻法學界普遍認為，“法”是婚姻概念的必要內涵。這與婚姻法學中有關婚姻類的理論相矛盾，與我國法律法規的內容也不吻；既不利於從整個歷史展過程來研究婚姻制度，也不利於從世界圍來研究婚姻制度；而且與我國目前的婚姻狀況也不相稱。在法律法規和婚姻法學典籍中，涉及各種婚姻：包辦婚姻，是指第三者（包括父母）違反婚姻自主的原則，包辦強迫他人婚姻的行為；買賣婚姻，是指第三者（包括父母）以索取大量財物為目的，包辦強迫他人婚姻的行為（參見1992年2月2日《最高人民法院關於貫徹執行民事政策法律的意見》）；事實婚姻“是指男女雙方未經結婚登記即以夫妻名義同居生活，而群衆也認為是夫妻關係的結”；無效婚姻，“是指違反婚姻成立要件的違法婚姻”。上述姓种种氏婚姻，都不法，但在我們的立法、法律解釋和法學研究中，都視它們為婚姻。因此，我們在界定婚姻概念時應確定具有夫妻身份的公示性，而不需要具有法性。
婚姻的個人需求
1.婚姻生活滿足個人需求
個人需求是人們行為的基礎與推動力，這些需求必須獲得滿足，下列的需求在婚姻家庭生活中尤其重要：
⑴愛——在婚姻中最重要，最先滿足的應是愛情的渴求，婚姻中的愛也應包含着誠實、責任心和給予的態度，及柔和的適應能力。
⑵安全感——女人比男人更需要，換句話說，她更依賴男人，道德操守與經濟能力也是安全感的一部分。
⑶自信——每個人都需要別人的認可，贊美或平等待遇，夫妻間更有此需要。婚姻生活中彼此鼓勵，增加對方自信，是正路。
⑷生育——正常的婚姻也滿足彼此性欲的需求，生兒育女更是自然的展，完全拒絶生育定會導致婚姻生活的裂痕。
⑸家庭權威——家庭中權威職責分明。兒童在家庭中學會接受權威，才能長大在社會上尊重法律及權威。
2.細心灌溉婚姻的花圃
⑴對於破壞夫妻關係的事，應保持警覺，避免刺傷的誤言或無謂的爭吵。
⑵平時多結交對家庭生活有幫助的朋友，多交換對家庭生活的各種意見。
⑶夫妻兩人也需不時的檢討婚姻生活，尋求改善。
⑷衝突、吵架、冷戰是無法避免的，因為每個人都有感情衝動，要緊的是把每次衝突化為成長經驗，學着開放個人的心胸，面對現實。惟有愛和為對方着想，才能化解一切。
婚姻家庭就是愛情的花圃，花圃要有足夠的空間來成長，有計的栽，有時要翻土，有時要施肥，有時要移植，有時要鏟除。花要看季節，季節不同，開的花也不同，婚姻生活也有四季的變化，每個季節有不同的難與危險，而危險的意思，不正說明“危機中的危機”嗎？所以對愛情小花要細心灌溉，如果讓它同野草一起長，必會被搗亂死，任它受風吹日曬，不會長好，惟有努力的灌溉，充分的備，耐心的等待，早晚勞苦會有成果。
3.四個婚姻危險期
第一個危險期：
孩子出生時夫妻兩人的壓力驟然加大，原來的嬉戲和娛樂大大減少，性生活質量下降。孩子到來所産生的“三角”關係，改變原來的“兩人世界”，夫妻對婚姻同時感到緊張、惑、茫然。
第二個危險期：
婚四至五年這時期夫妻容易覺得生活平淡乏味。丈夫工作多年，卻見不到什麽光明前途，更加懶於做務；妻子既要工作又要照顧孩子，忙得不可開交，夫妻都沒有閑情卿卿我我，這時候他們有可能另覓知音。有位社會學家調查七十位與有婦之夫有染的女性，現這些婚外情多半始於單純的友誼。當丈夫或妻子把本應說給對方聽的知心話告別差別別人人傾訴時，夫妻雙方都難辭其咎。
第三個危險期：
婚七年左右社會學家的調查現，夫妻在婚第六至十年之間，對婚姻的滿足程度降至最低點。而實際上，離婚生率也在婚第七至十年形成高峰。這時候，夫妻雙方應以最大的忍耐，最多的關懷來幫助對方，以保證婚姻的質量。
第四個危險期：
婚二十年左右這時候，男女雙方身體狀況逐漸生變化。妻子進入更年期往往煩躁不安，擔心自己魅力全失，丈夫則為日漸衰老而憂心忡忡———精力不再充沛，才思不再敏捷，打籃球打不過兒子，提升全然無望。此時他正需要理解和安慰，而妻子也恰恰有同樣要求。如果夫妻不能彼此給予，那他（她）就可能到其他異性那去尋覓。
結婚紀念日
結婚周年一般有以下的稱呼：
一年：紙婚
二年：婚
三年：皮婚
四年：絲婚/絹婚
五年：木婚
六年：鐵婚
七年：銅婚/毛婚
八年：電器婚/青銅婚
九年：陶器婚
十年：錫婚
十五年：水晶婚
二十年：瓷婚
二十五年：銀婚
三十年：珍珠婚
三十五年：珊瑚婚/翡翠婚
四十年：紅寶石婚
四十五年：藍寶石婚
五十年：金婚
五十五年：翠玉婚/緑寶石婚
六十年：鑽石婚
七十年：白金婚
中國古代婚姻
古代成婚的年齡，各朝代並不相同。春時期，男子20加冠，女子16及笄，即可結婚；又謂“男30而娶，女20而嫁”，是為不失時。《漢書·惠帝紀》中就明文記載：“女子年十五以上至三十不嫁，五算。”“五算”就是罰她繳納五倍的賦稅。其實，中國古代早婚的現象也很嚴重，宋代曾有“凡男年15，女年13，聽婚嫁”的規定。《漢書·班昭傳》中就記載：班昭“年十有四，執箕帚於曹氏”。《漢書·上官皇后傳》中甚至有“月遂立為皇后，年甫六歲”的記載。但一般都是在20歲前。
古時男去女迎親時，均在夜間。《儀禮·士昏禮》謂：“昏禮下達。”鄭玄註曰：“士娶妻之禮，以昏為期，因而名焉。陽往而陰來，日入三商為昏。”且，“主人爵弁、 裳、緇，從者畢玄端，乘墨車，從車二乘，執燭前馬”。亦即迎親的人均穿黑衣，車馬也用黑色。此俗與世以白天迎親、穿紅色服飾的婚俗，迥然不同。自唐代開始，始將迎親的時間改為早晨。唐·段成式的《酉陽雜俎》記載：“禮，婚禮必用昏，以其陽往而陰來也。今行禮於曉。”曉即拂曉。此相沿至今。
古代對剛入門新婦的姿態也很有講究。《呂氏春》記載：“惠子出，白圭告人曰：‘人有新娶婦者，婦至，宜安矜煙視媚行。’”所謂“安矜煙視媚行”，尚秉和註曰：“安矜煙視媚行，形容新婦之狀態，可謂入微矣。然可意會，難以言詮。安者，從容；矜者，謹慎；煙視者，眼波流動不直睨；媚行者，動止羞縮柔媚安徐也。是皆新婦初入門之狀態，反是則失身份。”
漢代結婚時，均以青幔搭成帳篷，用以舉行交拜之禮。《世說新語·假譎》篇記載：“魏武少時，與袁紹好為遊俠。觀人新婚，因潛入主人園中，夜叫呼：‘有偷兒賊！’青廬中人皆出觀。魏武乃入，抽刃劫新婦。”這在青廬中成婚的習俗，一直沿續到清代，蒲齡的《聊齋志異》中就多處提到。
又史料記載，兩漢之際，已經有賀婚的習俗和新婚之夜聽房的習俗。《漢書·宣帝紀》記載：“五鳳二年詔曰：‘夫婚姻之禮，人倫之大者也。酒食之會，所以行禮樂也。今郡國二石或擅為苛禁，禁民嫁娶不得具酒食相賀召，由是廢鄉之禮，令民無所樂，非所以導民也。”漢宣帝這一詔書的目的，就在於提倡老百姓在婚禮上設酒宴慶賀。又《漢書·袁隗妻傳》記載：袁隗與妻子進入洞房，夫妻倆在說悄悄話：
隗又曰：“弟先兄舉，世以為笑。令處姊未適，先行可乎？”對曰：“妾姊高行殊邈，未遭良匹，不似鄙薄，苟然而已。”又問曰：“南郡君學窮道奧，文為詞宗，而所在之職，輒以貨財為損，何邪？”對曰：“孔子大聖，不免武叔之毀；子路至賢，猶有伯寮之。君此，固其宜耳。”隗默然不能屈。帳外聽者為慚。
可證漢代已有聽房的習俗。
另外，古代婚俗中與世不同的一個習俗是：古代婦女都不忌諱再嫁，且從周朝至北宋一直如此。《禮·檀弓》記載：孔子的兒子伯魚死，“其妻嫁於衛”又載：“子思之母死於衛，赴於子思，子思哭於廟。門人至曰：‘庶氏之母死，何為哭於孔氏之廟乎？’子思曰：‘吾過矣！吾過矣！’乃哭於他室。”可見，聖人代的子婦也不免於再嫁。而魏晉、唐宋時名門之女再嫁之事，也屢見不鮮。《三國志·吳志·步夫人傳》中記載：步夫人“生二女，長曰魯班，字大虎，前配周瑜子循，配全琮；少曰魯育，字小虎，前配拮据，配劉纂。”尚秉和《代社會風俗事物考》引《隨園隨筆》謂：“唐時公主再嫁者二十三，三嫁者四。”且，當時不論是前夫見到夫，或是夫見到前夫，均不用避。宋代詩人陸遊與前妻唐琬離婚，有一次遊瀋園，巧遇唐琬及其夫趙士程，唐、趙還將酒菜送給陸遊，結果感動得陸遊當場在墻上寫一篇《釵頭鳳》詞。（事見《癸辛雜識》）可見，唐宋時婦女改嫁還是很正常的事情。直到明清時期，婦女改嫁方為禮教所不容，因此有守節、牌坊之說。
未來中國婚姻十大變化趨勢
家庭結構小型化
理念：每3至4人。
婚姻的期望隨着小康生活的來臨而變化，比如對收入的多少，對務的投入，是否生育不再受到格外重視。雙方更註重的是：保持親熱，遵守婚姻協議，互相諒解，創造舒坦、靜逸的安樂窩。
晚婚晚育人數增加
理念：單身不婚者增加，自不育者有上升趨勢。
傳統“男主外，女主內”的觀念，要套用在現代人身上，其實很難，甚至已經被完全推翻。現代女性因為教育程度提高，工作經驗豐富，加上信息大量吸收以及媒的兩性議題報導，讓女性有“女人也能有自己的天地”的觀念，所以對愛情的自主權提高之，擇偶以及結婚要考慮的事情就愈多。
有首打油詩是這麽說的，男人在三十歲左右看女人，是看學；男人在三十歲以看女人，是看經；男人在四十歲以看女人，是看病。其實這樣的男人女人都很可悲，一個是會“看”，一個也是“被看”，最都不會有什麽結果。
所以，建議年紀大的男人，不要要求太多，因為最還是能娶一個太太，停下腳步，多給自己一點機會，且同女性多相處，不要是“看”，要身體力行去追尋自己的幸福；年紀大的女性，曾經錯過沒關係，當下還是為時不晚的。就算那些男人都比較喜歡年紀輕的女生，我們還是要努力追求自己的幸福。如果可以不結婚，能夠在其它方面找到寄托，其實作個“單身女郎”也是不錯的。
性教育更科學普遍
理念：年輕人因好奇心導致的輕率性驗減少，對婚前性行為更加慎重。
擇偶重情趣輕經濟
理念：擇偶更註重情趣相投，經濟條件重要性降低。男女青年更希望對方與自己同屬一個社會階層。
女青年心目中的理想伴侶，是富有幽默感，懂得尊重人，生活充滿樂趣，而經濟條件、家庭背景的影響將淡化。
追求婚姻質量
理念：婚姻質量成為人們追求的目標。
多數家庭不再湊，婚姻調適能力的提高，將使家庭生活更豐富、新鮮、幸福。婚姻中男女更加平等，家庭暴力減少，丈夫與妻子共同承擔家庭義務。
有人這樣評價婚姻中激情和平靜的關係——每一段愛情的能量都是註定的，愛的愈激烈，消耗的能量也愈快，如同火焰，漫天絢爛之，片刻就成為灰燼。而恬淡從容竟能維一生。也許越是平淡的婚姻，愛情的質量越高。
理財AA過渡
理念：家庭理財方式將由一人為主AA過渡。婚前財産公證，婚夫婦雙方在銀行開設賬戶，獨立進行經濟核算。按婚姻協議，夫妻各自承擔自己在家庭生活中的經濟義務。
所謂夫妻AA，是指一種新的家庭經濟承擔模式。它大致有兩形式：一種是每月各交一部分錢作為“家庭公款”，以支付房租水電費等共同家庭支出，其餘各自料理；另一種是請客、購物、打車等費用都自理，在買房、投資之類大項目上夫妻倆平均負擔。近來，不少年輕夫婦將AA引入到家庭生活中——“親愛的，讓我們AA”，漸成一句流行語。
務矛盾減少
理念：務勞動強度降低，夫妻因務勞動導致的矛盾減少。務勞動將社會化，用電器普及化縮短務時間。
理智離婚增多
理念：協議離婚、試離婚成為理智分手的首選方式，但離婚率仍會呈上升態勢。
知識、文化水平越高的人，情感豐富的人，對愛情要求就越高越多。但離婚者所承受的社會壓力，將會相應減少。
試離婚的好處在於可以讓雙方不會在衝動的情況下做出悔的决定，在現實前，兩個人都會客觀主動地重新檢查自己，味對方的長處，檢討自己的不足，最的抉擇是理性的。假如試離婚過程當中，真的現自己的婚姻已經無愛、無性、無益，且狀況不能被改善，那麽試離婚也是給自己的緩衝期，當你告別這段婚姻時，你也會讓自己有一個平和的心態，適時放棄，給自己一個重新選擇的機會。
理性對待婚外戀
理念：社會對婚外戀繼續保持理性態度。
人們對婚姻的責任感更多的來自於自我認識、自我約束、自我修正，而不是迫於外在壓力。人們要求婚姻的質量和情感，要求夫妻之間的權利和享受，有更多選擇的自由和自主意識。
在婚外戀像頻頻上漲的物價一樣的時代，我們要學會以我們的冷靜和成熟的心理去承受，去面對，要知道，婚外戀，是擋不住的誘惑，但卻是避風的港灣。
婚姻自由度增加
理念：婚姻不再是從衆行為，結婚與否是個人經過深思熟慮的選擇，單身不婚、“丁學家全家家庭家乡庭”等生活方式可能成為多樣化選擇的內容。
“丁”一詞為英文Doubleincomeandnokids的縮寫DINK，意即雙收入、無子女的家庭結構。如今丁學家全家家庭家乡庭如雨春筍般成倍增長，尤其是北京、上海這超級都市。最近，一則短消息引起我的註意，去年我國的丁夫婦已突破一百萬對。
世界各地婚俗
早期非洲裔美國人：跳掃帚在美國的黑奴時代，黑人男女是不允許正式結婚生活在一起的。為方向世人宣佈他們的愛情和婚約，一對黑人男女和着鼓聲的節奏，一起跳過一把掃帚。（掃帚對各種非洲人長期來都具有很重要的意義，因為它意味着新婚夫婦組成家庭的開始。在南部非洲，新娘在婚的第一天要幫助夫的其他女性清掃院子，以此明在住進自己的新前，她願意職地幫助丈夫的人承擔務勞動。）直至今日，一些美國黑人還在他們的婚禮上舉行這象徵性的儀式。
亞美尼亞：人們放飛兩白鴿，以示愛情和幸福。新娘穿着紅色絲綢的服裝，頭戴飾有羽毛的紙翼。人們還可新娘投擲硬幣。
比利時：新娘可以將其姓名綉在手帕上，在婚禮舉行日隨身帶上它。婚禮將手帕裝入鏡框保存，直到鄰里里程的另外一個姑娘結婚。
百慕大：百慕大島民在他們的多層婚禮蛋糕的頂層插上一株小樹苗，新婚夫婦要將這株樹苗在中，這樣他們可以目睹樹苗伴隨着他們的婚姻一起長大。
波黑人：新郎新娘贈送一串念珠，一本祈禱文，一根上串着三把鑰匙的腰帶（用以保護她的貞潔），一頂毛皮帽，一個銀的結婚戒指。新娘則新郎贈送一件用金綫和彩色絲綢縫的襯衣和結婚戒指。婚禮前，伴郎將新郎裹進新娘的篷，以防惡魔侵入，拆散他們相愛的心。
加勒比地區：在巴巴多斯，格林納達和聖盧西亞，用果和朗姆酒作的味道濃郁的蛋糕十分常見。蛋糕的作方法，由母親親手傳給女兒，且各自對其加以修飾。人們把這蛋糕叫作“一磅”蛋糕，因為作這蛋糕需要粉、棕糖、黃油、糖霜櫻桃、葡萄、李子、紅醋慄各一磅，加上一打雞蛋和調味品。作蛋糕的果要在朗姆酒中浸泡在瓦罐中保存兩個星期至6個月。
羅地亞：由已婚的女性親戚摘下新娘的紗，換上一塊頭巾和一條圍裙，意味着新娘的已婚新身份。然由所有的已婚婦女為新娘唱小夜麯。婚禮之，所有來賓圍繞着井走三圈（象徵着聖三位一），方向井中扔蘋果（象徵着生育）。
捷共和國：朋友們溜進新娘的院子去一棵樹，然再用彩帶和彩繪的蛋殼將樹加以裝飾。傳說新娘將與這樹活得一樣長。鄉村的新娘還保留着佩帶迷迭香花環的古老習俗，以懷念之情。花環是在婚禮前夕由新娘的朋友編織而成，它象徵着智慧、愛情和忠誠。
埃及：在埃及，由新郎的人，而不是新郎本人，新娘求婚。許多婚姻還是父母之命，媒妁之言。Zaffa，也就是婚禮，其實是一個充滿音樂的列隊遊行，有鼓、風笛、號角及肚皮舞，男人們手持火紅的劍。這個儀式宣告，婚姻即將開始。
英格蘭：按照傳統，鄉村的新娘和參加婚禮的人們總是一起步行走教堂。一個小姑娘走在隊列最前面，她一路拋撒鮮花，預示着新娘一生的道路上也將開滿鮮花。
附：人類性愛婚姻展史全記錄
300萬年前
人猿時期。我們的祖先剛剛學會佝僂着直立行走， 他們的膝蓋還無法捋直。不同群中雌雄人猿實行完全混亂的“婚姻”形態(其實他們尚無“婚姻”概念，一切還為物種的生存和繁衍)：多夫、多妻、專一配偶……
300萬年前-200萬年前
石器時代早期。蒙昧中的人類除狩獵和逃命之外，在部落內部還盛行毫無節制的性關係——每個女子屬於每個男子，同樣每個男子也屬於每個女子。這就是群婚。孩子們知道母親，對“父親”卻一無所知。女人在當時對男人從來就不會要求承諾或要求他們負責任。
100多萬年前
舊石器時代中晚期。人的自然分工逐漸使我們的先祖意識到，老夫少妻和老妻少夫不利於優生優育。從事狩獵、採集活動的中青年人與從事務勞動和孩兒照管的老人之間産生極其明顯的精力差別。性生活便出現以輩份分的界綫。人類進入長達近 100萬年的“血緣族”時代——班輩婚或輩行婚。
班輩婚是人類歷史上的第一個社會組織形式，它是人類與獸群的區，我們作為社會性動物的漫長文明程由此起步。
1萬年前
石器時代晚期，新人階段期。人類正備用“禁止亂倫”終結最的蒙昧。那時，近親間性交的混亂導致嬰兒成活率低、畸形兒和低能兒過多的恐怖現象。原始人對男女關係有更嚴格的界定。母權的逐步確立，引起婚姻形式的改變。不同部族間通婚。族外婚，使我們的品越來越優良，生産力飛速提高。
5000—6000年前
人類開始形成對偶婚。一夫一妻的模式以“搶婚”方式開始。在歐洲大陸的部落，當一個青年男子在朋友們的幫助下劫得或拐得一個姑娘的時候，這個姑娘便被認為是那個青年男子的妻子。反之，要是被劫的女子背夫潛逃，被另一男子捕獲，她就成為者的妻子，前者就喪失他的夫權。男女關係，第一次形成排他性群婚消亡。
雖然早在1萬年前，全球人口就上升到500萬以上，可是相對於那時的人們來說，交通不便使擇偶的圍十分狹窄，近親婚配的概率大約是50%。
4000年前
統治人類社會5萬年的母權被徹底推翻，男人為抓牢這次“偉大”的勝利露出可怕的真面目。從此，丈夫在中掌握權柄，而妻子則被貶低、被奴役，變成生孩子延續族的工具。
公元前3000年
以神的名義，世界上第一個妓女在巴比倫王國出現。數百萬年，這個角色仍在威脅着家庭和婚姻。
公元前1750年
在漢摩拉比王當政時，一條奇怪的邏輯大行其道——女孩必得先當婊子才能成為女人。每一個女孩在成為女人之前，必須去神殿將她的身體交給一個陌生男人。她坐着，直到有一個男人將銀幣投在她的裙上，然與她同臥，否則她是不學家全家家庭家乡的。這節制制度度在閃族各支(巴比倫、菲尼基、敘利亞等)最為流行，由地中海島移居於巴爾半島的希臘民族、希伯萊人、羅馬、埃及、印度等地也奉行此規。
公元前5世紀
格拉底因他的哲學思想和潑婦老婆聞名於世，因此“娶到一個好妻子，你可以得到幸福；娶到一個壞妻子，你會成為哲學家。”婚姻開始變成一個“問題”而繞我們。
公元前323年
古埃及的妻子們對她們的丈夫擁有很大的權利，比如，如果丈夫希望娶第二個妻子，他必須第一個妻子支付一筆罰金。金錢與婚姻關係扯上關係。
公元前1世紀
羅馬立法認定獨裁者愷撒可以與任何他認定的女子交為法。他選中的女人很多，包括與他同列羅馬“三雄”的龐貝與拉的妻子。當愷撒見到埃及豔千克克勤克儉婁巴特拉時，立刻被這個妖精迷倒，幫她奪取王位。兩人通過愷撒定的一夫多妻而成為法夫妻，生下一子。特權保護男人可以多妻的時代到來。在這個充滿奢華與享樂的時代，基督徒們大力宣揚道德且鼓勵夫妻們在上帝的前神聖地結——教堂成西方世界結婚儀式的主場。
公元3-4世紀
婆羅門教士 Vatsyayana，被認為是一位終生禁欲的苦行僧，寫出印度最色情的作品之一——《愛經》。同時代的修士喬維安(Jovian)因為宣稱婚姻高於獨身，在公元385年以散褻瀆神明的異端邪說為由被逐出基督教教會。然而，11年以，敢於將快感視為生育行為之自然組成部分的聖奧古斯丁卻被選為希波教區的主教。快感與婚姻的多重交戰引得我們樂此不疲。
公元5世紀
宗教統治婚姻。在羅馬帝國，幾乎所有的婚禮都必須有神職人員的祝福；結婚成為教堂中的聖禮。等到進入下一個世紀，東羅馬帝國皇帝查士丁尼將通姦定為死罪，離婚也成為幾乎不可能的事。
公元6世紀
印度的佛教徒和印度教徒試圖使人類的身體與神靈相通。通過性交儀式，人類的結也成神聖的宗教行為。在英格蘭，血親之間的婚姻被宣佈為不法。
公元600年到公元1000年
這段時間被稱為中世紀的黑暗年代，男人在婚姻中對女子的壓迫慘烈到讓人惡心的地步。中世紀的男人還明各種輔助辦法檢測處女，沒有通過檢的女人將受到嚴酷懲罰，鑒處女的方法十分荒誕。匈牙利人為新娘驗明正身的方法就是讓她赤腳踏上一塊菩提樹的小圓，他們相信失貞的女子如果踏上這塊就會馬上生災難。還有不少歐洲人則迷戀於數字的計算，在新婚性交前和性交，對女子的頸圍進行測量，認為如果是處女，那麽她次日的頸圍必較前夜的粗。中世紀被捉住的有姦情的女子將被綁於高處，以火燒其臀部；也有人把這女人赤裸着縛在馬上遊街示衆。但男人是否處男卻不必接受考驗。
1086年
在歐洲，丈夫如出門遠行，常給妻子戴上鐵的貞操帶，考證這是從十字軍東時開始的。那時一個德國皇帝叫鐵匠給皇后做一副貞操帶，像一個鐵籠子鎖在小腹上。
公元前770年
歐洲中世紀的教廷規定：從那時起，寡婦不能睡床鋪，能睡在地上，且每天能吃一餐不能有肉、蜂蜜、酒和????，不能穿紅戴緑、化妝。周朝建立。針對女人的貞潔制度開始建立。自周朝以，女人殉節畸形地變異成美德。
中國殉節女人一覽：
時代 周 秦漢 魏晉 隋唐 宋 元 明 清
殉節人數 7 19 35 29 122 383 8688 2841
此的規律是，“吃人”自宋代開始胃口大開，於明代達到高潮。
公元8世紀-10世紀
歐洲的中世紀，享用新娘成統治者的特權。農民娶新娘，新娘的第一夜必須供領主享用。初夜權的原始招待者是僧侶、祭司。人們對處女血心懷恐懼，所以要求找人幫自己“通關”。僧侶、祭司、地主等貴人，具有“神力”；而親朋好友和新娘性交，則屬勇於“ 捐軀”；至於由僕人、賤民來“開苞”，是這些人命不值錢，倒黴也沒關係。除此以外，新郎還必須付給領主 “結婚稅”，否則，婚姻就不能得到公證人的承認，也不能獲得領主的許可。這惡習直到19世紀末廢除。
11世紀初
宮廷女官紫氏部寫出《源氏物語》。這是最早的也是最偉大的愛情小說之一，描述日本雅緻而淫蕩的宮廷婚姻生活。
中世紀阿拉伯宮集中大量美女，橫跨歐亞非3大陸的歐伯思王朝第5代教主海歐雷沙德，其宮有400名寵妾；到第18代君主寵妾人數已展到3400名。
11世紀
中國的哲學家們開始將古老的陰陽符號解釋為互補的而非對立的——就像女人和男人，由此形成的不可分的圓稱為“太極圖”。中國人也從道與德的層為婚姻找到一套理論，女人要賢良，不妒允許丈夫三妻四妾，在從夫、夫死從子，守寡能為她們贏得貞節牌坊。
11世紀末-13世紀
11世紀末以，西歐的吟遊詩人創作大量贊美騎士愛情的詩歌，遊走於各個宮廷，到處煽風點火。女人第一次拿過男人的皮鞭，她們成為婚姻與情愛遊戲的主角。
12世紀
埃萊亞諾先當上法王路易七世和英王亨利二世的王，在其所生的5子3女中，有2個兒子做英國國王，3個女兒嫁給其他歐洲君主，她因此被稱為“歐洲的祖母”。
“歐洲的祖母”把典雅愛情引進法蘭西和英格蘭的宮殿。埃萊亞諾及其女兒們甚至還創辦“愛的法庭”，裁决什麽樣的行為是“正當的”愛情。確定典雅愛情的31條原則。羅曼蒂故事風靡一時，當時任何進入法國巴黎的外省騎士都可以輕易得到一本花都貴婦的花名册，詳細記載着她們的地址、性格、愛好和容貌，供鄉下青年選擇。愛情成為貴族女人的一種時尚。女人教會男人如何“文明地尊重女人”的習慣。丈夫的情婦和妻子的情夫都被對方容忍和尊敬。
13世紀
殉教聖徒馬西默提出：為忠於上帝，僅僅是禁欲還不夠，必須根絶性欲。隨就有不少教徒揮刀自宮。另一些走得更遠，他們認為自宮不算真本事，應該性欲直接開戰。他們找來一些美女，住在一起，甚至裸相擁，努力學習柳下惠，努力從精神上陽痿。說他們成功。婚姻，在他們看來是可恥的。
1252年
20歲的波希米亞國王奧托卡二世娶年近50奧地利的瑪格麗特國王，一旦吞併奧地利，他就解除婚約。除財産、領地，沒有人期待婚姻能給彼此帶來什麽。由於非長子不能繼承財産，那些失意的青年開始追逐有地産的女繼承人。有錢的寡婦成香餑餑。年輕小們娶有地産的老寡婦，一旦老寡婦死去，小子(已經變成糟老頭)就可以娶年輕嬌嫩的花姑娘；而老伙食伙房一死，姑娘早變大媽，她還可以嫁給一個小子，揚第二春。這真是一個古怪的婚姻食物褳。
1477年
英格蘭的瑪吉麗·魯斯寫下有記載的最早的一張情人卡，希望未來的丈夫能夠使她成為“人世間最幸福的主婦”且不計較她貧乏的嫁妝。而多年以來，缺乏嫁妝使很多女性不得不進修道院當修女。
1492年
基督教把婚姻視為“下賤的狀態”“淫欲的手段”，認為“婚姻是人類的軟肋”。
16世紀
在美國提出“享受性生活的快樂”之前400年，印度就有“Ananga Ranga”。它教會丈夫和妻子們通過32性交姿勢保持婚姻的生機和快樂。與此同時，在德國，早期的清教徒提倡婚內性行為。宗教改革馬丁·路德認為，性欲是人的本性，是難以壓的。因此，他說服一批修女離開修道院，且幫助她們尋找丈夫。
16世紀初葉
亨利八世製造有史以來最大的麻煩。他本來是個虔誠的天主教徒，為能有個兒子繼承王位，他决定跟凱薩琳王離婚，但被羅馬教庭拒絶。亨利八世脆跟教庭决裂，宣佈自立山頭，創立一個可以離婚的宗教。
新教在無形中提高女性的地位。由於新教的主張，早在16世紀20年代，英國的女性就獲得離婚的自由；而為使女性免受過度辛勞，避孕和節制生育也成為新教流行的社會中受到尊重的做法。
亨利八世除“締造”現代美國外(他所驅逐的那些死活不肯離婚的頑固分子們乘“五月花”號到新大陸成立美國——今天世界上離婚率最高的國)，他還是現代社會的第一個離婚者。他的離婚是真正從宗教意義上的徹底割離。永遠不可離婚這個不可動搖的神話破滅。
1553年
血腥瑪麗即位。亨利八世用一生心血，想要個兒子繼承王位，他如以償，但那個羸弱的男孩做6年皇帝就死。被亨利八世殺掉的第一位王的女兒瑪麗接管王權，作為現代社會上第一樁離婚案的受害者，她展開可怕的報：恢天主教的統治和中世紀的一切做法，對新教徒展開殘酷鎮壓，短短3年，她就在倫敦等地燒死300多人。至今仍有大量關係破裂的夫妻以“不傷害孩子”為由不離婚。
1558年
伊麗莎白女王一世當政。她是亨利八世的私生女。當她25歲即位的時候，就成歐洲未婚女人中最有價值的一位，總共有50多名君主她求過婚。她把婚姻當成最寶貴的籌碼，從中取厚的利益。每當英國需要某個國的支持或緩和關係時，女王就開始放出消息，打算尋找意中人，讓那些王公貴族忙活好久，耗費許多錢財，而女王卻贏得喘息之機。她統治英國45年，一手打造“日不落”大不列顛王國。女人從此覺醒——原來用婚姻是可以服男人、利用男人的。資本主義功利式的婚姻隨着父女倆的不幸席受不了整個世界。
1625年
清教徒作者威廉·古奇建議妻子們稱呼伴侶為“夫君”，而絶對不要稱他們為“甜心、蜜糖、親愛的、寶貝兒、我的最愛、小鴨子、小胖豬”之類。
公元17世紀
英王查理二世的醫明保險套。它的原材料是小羊的盲腸。這在當時是一件轟動全球的大事。該醫就憑這項明獲得爵位，英國也從中賺取大量外。這個薄薄的小東西，給女性享受性的最根本保障，私生子大規模減少。
1725年
齊亞科莫·卡薩諾瓦——天生的大衆情人，降生在威尼斯。在他的遊記中，記錄他的上百個情婦(大部分是已婚婦女)，其中能夠叫上名字的就有116個。兩個世紀，“大衆情人”和“夢中情人”是分開的不受譴責的已婚男女精神出軌對象。
1750年
隨着未婚先孕情況的不斷增加，新英格蘭的一些市鎮試圖禁止“同宿”的習慣，即要雙方都穿着衣服或者中間有隔相隔，相戀的一對男女就可以睡在一起。到世紀末，女權主義者瑪麗·沃斯通拉夫特在《為女性的權利辯護》一書中，第一次對限性婚姻進行有力的抨擊。
18世紀末期
女人在婚前已經能夠自立，往往延宕婚事，直到自己籌足嫁妝為止。歐洲勞工階層的訂婚通常經年月，在這段時期，40%的勞工情侶選擇婚前同居，甚至未婚先孕——這在上層階級是無法想像的。儘管教會嚴厲禁止，但這一現象不可遏止地成為社會的普遍現象。
1848年
《共産宣言》誕生，文章中提到：資本主義制度，讓婚姻中的男女揭下溫情脈脈的紗。事實上，相當多的人會贊同芝加哥學派代人物貝爾另一類似斷言：上帝目光所及，皆可交易。
1879年12月
《玩偶之》在哥本哈根皇劇院首演。該劇引受不了一場震蕩半個世紀的論戰。論戰到激烈時，漫畫甚至以“新女性”妻子與“慘遭蹂躪”的丈夫為題材大加諷刺。雖然易生已經習慣於遭到惡評，但是這次抗議的聲音遍及整個歐洲，他大吃一驚。時至今日，娜拉已經成為女性覺醒的代名詞，無論她出走還是留下都反映女性試圖從玩偶轉為人類社會“正式公民”的掙紮。歐洲各國紛紛對女性的立法使娜拉們居然有權利背着丈夫銀行貸款，這在10年前，簡直是一件不可能的事情。
1857年
拿破侖三世政府對福樓拜與《包法利夫人》一書的行人提起公訴，指控他們蓄意侮辱道德。但是在被告律師的滔滔雄辯下、再加上輿論大衆對包法利夫人的同情，最終拿破侖三世敗訴。“潘金蓮”取得輝煌的勝利。
1888年8月
蒙娜·凱爾德在《西敏評論》上受不了一篇關於婚姻革命的小文，結果引爆悶罐中的英國。短短不到兩個月，報社收到27000封來信。從此，連最頑固保守的英國小說也終於放棄以結婚為小說的“快樂結局”。性與婚姻的陰暗的揭露成為當時小說流行的元素。
1870年
全球第一次離婚浪潮襲來。在離婚伴隨着無處不在的迪斯科音樂被炒得沸沸揚揚之前100年，女權運動已經喚起女人追求自立、擺脫不幸婚姻的願望。1870年到1900年間，美國的離婚率增長6倍。
1895年4月30日
同性戀者奧斯卡·王爾德在針對其“猥褻行為”進行的審判中說：“對於這愛的名字，本世紀無人敢於提及。然而它是一名年長男子對於一名年輕男子所産生的極其偉大的感情，就像大衛和喬納森，就像柏拉圖哲學理論的基礎，就像你從米開朗琪羅和莎士比亞的作品中所現的精神。它是深刻的精神之愛，既純潔又完美。”
19世紀中期
英國維多利亞女王即位。維多利亞時代充斥着中産階級的道貌岸然。告中出現的女式內衣都是摺叠起來的，為的是不讓人看到內褲的襠部。在做愛過程中，妻子們應該量現得被動。即使感覺到欲望的存在也是大忌。甚至到今天，她的威尚存。在她的年代，即使是雞胸脯都不能直呼其名，能以白肉呼之。來丘吉爾就被一個嚴肅的貴族女人糾正他有失檢點的口誤。丘吉爾為彌補過失，就給那個女人送朵玫瑰，恭敬地說：“請把花在你的‘白肉’上。”不過，性仍然通過色情文學逐步滲入公衆生活，比如威廉·海恩斯下流而直白的小說。性開放使婚姻變得越來越難捉摸。
1903年
中國無錫一位姓宣的女性由她的哥哥作主，許配給當地一位姓裘的舉人。女郎當時在上海一所女子學堂當教師，臨近舉行婚禮時哥哥通知她。女郎不，與哥哥爭執無效，便直接寫信給那位舉人：“婚配之事，我國舊例必有父母之命，歐律則聽本人意見。前者行聘之事，乃兄一人之意，某至今方始知，萬難為憑。若必欲踐約，某當死入裘氏之墓，不能生進裘氏之門。”她語氣堅定，道理充足，裘舉人也通情達理，雙方便解除婚約。這在當時報紙上引起大討論，時人稱之為中國“女權主義之端。”
1927年12月1日
蔣介石與宋美齡在上海昆山路景林堂宋宅舉行基督教徒的結婚儀式，接着又到豪華的大華飯店舉行中國最傳統味道的婚禮。有人統計，蔣、宋在上海結婚，花費達數百萬元。上海三英文報紙的報道是：這是中國人的一個顯赫的結婚儀式。上海一報紙的標題是：“中美作”(蔣中正和宋美齡)則點明這場婚姻的實質。宋氏三姐妹將國事變做事，3個女子左右中國半個世紀的政局，她們用婚姻改造中國的命運。
1931年10月
溥儀和文綉達成法院外協議離婚。離婚理由為兩人結婚9年竟從未有過性生活。此事成為當時爆炸性新聞，報紙用的標題淨是“妃子革命”、“破天荒——皇妃跟皇帝打離婚”等，而“離婚的5個條件”中的最一條：“經雙方協商，文綉離婚不再嫁人”。
1944年
錢書開始寫作《圍城》，作品中的主要人物，都過得非常狼狽，婚姻漸漸變成鬧劇。“圍城”成為婚姻的經典寓意：外的人想進去，當面表面反面方面正面迎面滿面封面地面路面世面平面斜面前面下面四面十面一面洗心革面方方面面面貌面容面色面目面面俱到的人想出來。
1950年8月8日
周恩來與鄧穎超結婚25周年紀念影。這對夫妻的愛情被看成是中國傳統美德的完美現。
1953年
《花花公子》隆重登場，鼓動男人們“享受女性必須提供的快樂，而不必涉及感情”，當然也包括婚姻。
1960年代
英國出現“交換性伴侶”，美國則出版《花花公子》，為女人提供的陰莖形狀的塑料震動器也在大城市的藥店櫥窗擺放在顯要位置上。性成為一種抗議的武器，嬉皮士、造反派們紛紛喊出“要做愛，不要作戰”的口號。性主題絶决地突破婚姻。
1965年
婚戀交友節目《The Dating Game》成為黃金時段的熱門節目。1967年，美國最高法院宣佈廢除所有禁止族間通婚的法律。
中國“文革”期間出現中國第二次離婚高潮，離婚人數高達180多萬對。中國其餘兩次“離婚潮”分是在20世紀50年代和90年代初。
1970年代
在以色列和美國出現群居公社，男女生關係生孩子，但這個孩子不知道是哪個男人的，他們就選舉出一個委員會來撫養這個孩子。可惜烏托邦性試驗的結果明：血緣的認同對兒童成長最重要的。人口的再生長和文明的延續，都需要一夫一妻。
1980年代中期到1990年代
世界第二次離婚浪潮。離婚率在美國就上升到50%，用這個數字來預測，今天結婚的人將有一半退出婚姻。
1996年
中國灣著名電視欄目《非常男女》開播。現場速配成功500多對，其最終締結連理的不到40對。兩年，上海《相約星期六》開播，出場嘉賓300多人，談婚論嫁者沒有一對；1998年7月湖南衛視《玫瑰之約》正式播出至今，男女嘉賓300多人，真正相約牽手的也就10對。
1996年
《Town &Country》雜志推出世界上第一個以婚禮為主題的網站。
1998年 5月
記者安頓的《絶對隱私——當代中國人情感口述實錄》出版，成為暢銷書。中國人掀起婚姻反思潮。
hūnyīn
Interpretation:
(1) [marriage]: wedding things. Married and married men and women are on a common life together as a social phenomenon such statements, married the woman said from marrying is the man said, there must have married marry, marry, there must be married, married and married there the same time, speaking from the meaning of both and which side there is no male and female subordinate meaning.
(2) [matrimony]: man and woman as husband and wife; married state.
The origin of marriage:
Marriage in ancient times known as 'stunning marriage' or 'faint due to'. In general, the origin of the word marriage has three versions: the Han Zheng Xuan said, referring to the wedding the marriage ceremony. Wedding in ancient China, the man usually home in the evening to the scene of the marrying women, but the woman with the man out, that 'men to faint when the meet women, because men and women from' custom, is the 'faint''because' the origin of the word. In other words, married men and women marriage is the process of marriage.
The world's major countries, the legal age for marriage
China's legal age of marriage of 22 years of age men and women 20 years of age. Even after the late marriage
The world's major countries, Economic Analysis of legal age of marriage laws
Legal age of marriage the world's major countries are: Iran, the legal marriage age of 9 years; Dutch legal age of marriage of 12 years of age; Russian legal age of marriage of 14 years of age; French legal age of marriage of 15 years of age; Philippines legal age of marriage of 16 years; Korean legal age of marriage of 16 years; 18-year-old Japanese male, female 16 years old; Brazil 16 years of age; 16-year-old Hong Kong, China; China Taiwan 16 years of age; different states, some states require, such as the two sides under the age of majority, shall be subject to parental consent for marriage, and some states require the age of 18 men and women under 16 years of age, even if the parents agreed to not get married. Idaho, Mississippi and New Jersey and Washington state is allowed at least 14 year-old boy, a girl aged 12 married
History of Human Marriage
Traced back to primitive times, there is the so-called marriage, it is a herd instinct properties of higher life, the laws of nature will use the power of opposites attract, so that mammalian life thrived. Form of human existence and the binding mode of marriage, subject to the environmental impact of human society. Different times and regions, social environment, creating a variety of marriage patterns, and the combination of methods. Scientific sense, if not married, a lot of blood there can be confusion, not conducive to people's good reproduction.
Primitive human does not need marriage, this primate of today is the same, do not elaborate. After that came the clan society, used the collective group marriage system, in which a male or female collective clan married into another clan. This is also in the process of evolution, proliferation and the prevention of incest to ethnic groups led to the formation of a practice degradation. Then later entered the private ownership of society, have a one to one or a pair of husband and wife relationship between a fixed number, and thus a marriage.
Is worth noting that, due to marriage arising from private ownership, it has been closely associated with the property. As the man is the subject of private ownership of society, so women have been seen as men's property, so most of the ancient society of polygamy. And rush marriage, the sale of wives and other phenomena from this. Since private ownership of property because the male kinship inheritance, in order to ensure the purity of blood, there is a "virgin" and the strict constraints on women's sexual behavior.
When the tribe and the state and other social organization, marriage became a political bargaining chip. From the tribes intermarry, the country's rulers of "marriage" are trying to achieve political ends through marriage. Even today, marriage is still rich family alliances and rationalization of property for inheritance.
As in the natural small-scale peasant society, marriage is a kind of division of labor composition, the so-called "men plow and women weave", "men and women stay home." The people in modern society, and marriage is to form a family, in meeting human needs of the normal life, was committed as a family and future generations of social care responsibilities and obligations, a person's a kind destination.
Comprehensive view, marriage is a natural law, contrary to the laws of man, will bring us some trouble. About the history of human marriage experienced the following stages: the period of promiscuity, group marriage (blood group marriage, group marriage outside the family), dual marriage, monogamy.
Promiscuity
Promiscuous sexual intercourse is to reproduce and eventually will form only knew his mother not a father of the mother-oriented social relations. Just as ants and bees in the world, is "queen mother" rule. Ancient Chinese sage's birth, often the mother stepped on a miracle, to swallow a big star, or intercourse with the fetish is born, not a father. But the mother-oriented social relations, and development of productive forces the formation of contradictions. When entering a higher stage of society, hunting and fishing industry gradually developed, men in productive labor, continue to reflect the advantages of strength, which along with the demand of the position.
Dual group marriage and marriage
Advantage of men began to challenge the power of the mother's authority, but also challenges the authority of his father, this will have in the distribution of conflict, major conflict, competition for sexual partners, or even lead to population extinction. Anthropologists found that more than ten million years ago, in Europe, often called Benedetto person's race, according to bones that its tall, physically fit, then it mysteriously disappeared. Is internal strife in such killing each other to death for? On the one hand is the survival instinct and the instinct to promote powerful rights and status of those to get to the collapse of the existing population; on the one hand is required to maintain stability and human development group. How do? Semyonov Soviet historian, "the origin of marriage and family," that primitive man to rely on "sexual taboo" to maintain a relatively stable time. "Sexual taboo" requirement in hunting or fishing during the period of prohibition of any sexual activity, or even prohibit contact with women about things, otherwise it is considered breach of the gods, but a capital offense. Because of hunting and fishing activities, the survival of ethnic relations, this time because of competition for the event of civil unrest caused, will inevitably lead to the fall of ethnic groups.
However, with the men in the production activities are gaining in status, the mother must be right to challenge the passage of time, women subordinate to men, become the property of men.
Monogamy
Establishment of paternity, property privatization, in order to ensure future generations will inherit his father's property Zaixi require Zaixi blood purity, while the child is required to confirm the identity of the father. This means that the dual marriage in polygamous form will be preserved; also on the chastity of women put forward demands. The blood of the legitimacy of requests, even polygamy, also need to have a master's wife, as Abraham's wife Sarah, son Isaac in order to inherit property, to enable women and their children away Hagar. The monogamous family, the end result of such requirements.
The concept of the Law on Marriage
As the Object of the Marriage Law, Marriage Law subjects "marriage", there must be a clear concept of law. The legal concept of marriage should be with the people in the civil law concept that corresponds to and can always systems in the marriage law. It should cover the following three definitions: the basis of the combination of men and women; to live together for the purpose; with the publicity of marital status. It should include a variety of legal and illegal marriage, marriage can with sex before marriage, concubinage, cohabiting, non-marital cohabitation distinguish such phenomena, but should avoid getting married, marriage and other legal concepts confused.
Based on the integration of men and women
This is the marriage of the natural level of meaning. Physiological differences between men and women, human instinct inherent in the nature, of forming a natural marriage, again, marriage Guyou the natural attributes, this natural attribute a relationship different from other social relations of the important Tezheng that if the first natural factors Zhong Zhong human society is simply impossible marriage.
Throughout the history of marriage, marriage is the combination of men and women for the content. Engels in the "Family, Private Property and the State of origin" article, not only of the origin and development of marriage and the marriage of the future society was speculate. Ignorant of the times, the group marriage system of barbarism, under the dual system of marriage, marriage is a union between opposite sex, and civilization adapted to adultery and prostitution, monogamy, supplemented, from the name itself indicates that it is the men and women The combination between. From Engels on the origins of monogamy, but we can see that it became necessary requirement for heterosexual marriage. "Monogamy is not based on natural conditions, and to economic conditions.
To live together for the purpose of
The so-called "living together" means living together as members of the same family, living in a community in the same. Under normal circumstances, but also between husband and wife sex life and marital love each other. Mr. Shi Shangkuan that the "common life" normally "the common life of the spirit (another dear, the combination of the spirit), of living together (combination of meat) and economic life of the common (family income there)," This is a "common life "all generalizations.
Publication of the identity of a husband and wife
Publication of the identity of husband and wife, is the level of marriage and the meaning of the phenomenon. It requires both parties should have an open marriage couple identity. The concept of the meaning of marriage, this layer contains two aspects.
First, on behalf of both men and women living together as husband and wife must live around people also think that they are husband and wife.
That is, both men and women both have a married life of the inner contents of the external form, there should also be recognized by the public as husband and wife. Premarital sex, concubinage, cohabiting, non-marital cohabitation phenomenon, required to establish the appropriate law marriage law term. And make these legal terms and to distinguish the concept of marriage, the inevitable requirement of the concept of marriage as "husband and wife as the publicity" of the content.
Second, the husband and wife as long as the public recognition, no legitimacy.
Marriage is commonly recognized that, "legal" is the essential content of the concept of marriage. This type of marriage, marriage law in the contradiction to the theory, and the content of our laws are not consistent; is not conducive to the development of the whole history of the institution of marriage, is not conducive to study the institution of marriage from around the world; and China does not match the current marital status. Marriage Law in the laws, regulations and texts, involving a variety of marriage: arranged marriage, is a third party (including parents) in violation of the principle of autonomy of marriage, arranged marriage, forced others to act; sale into marriage, is a third party (including parents ) to obtain a large number of property for the purpose of forced arranged marriage behavior of others (see February 2, 1992, "Supreme People's Court on the implementation of legal advice in civil policy"); de facto marriage "refers to both men and women without marriage registration that is name of the spouse cohabitation, and the people are considered husband and wife combination "; invalid marriage," refers to the elements of breach of marriage and the establishment of illegal marriage. " All these marriages are not legal, but in our legislation, legal interpretation and legal research, regarded them as marriage. Therefore, we define the concept of marriage should only be identified as the publicity of a husband and wife, without the need for legitimacy.
Individual needs of marriage
1. Marriage to meet the individual needs
Individual needs is the foundation and driving force of human behavior, these needs must be met, following the demand for marriage and family life is particularly important:
⑴ love - the most important in marriage, should be the first to satisfy the thirst for love, marriage, love should include honesty, responsibility and giving attitude, and gentle adaptability.
⑵ sense of security - even more than men need women, in other words, she is more dependent on man, ethics and economic capacity is also part of security.
⑶ self-confidence - everyone needs the approval of others, praise or equal treatment, even between husband and wife this need. Married life to encourage each other to increase the confidence the other side is the right road.
⑷ birth - normal marriage also meet the needs of each sex, having children is a natural development, and complete rejection of marriage fertility will lead to the rift.
⑸ family authority - the authority of the family responsibilities clearly. Children in the family learn to accept authority, to grow up in the community respect for law and authority.
2. Careful watering the garden of marriage
⑴ for the destruction of marital relations, and to be vigilant to avoid stabbing the wrong words or meaningless bickering.
⑵ spend more time on family life to help make friends, and more exchange of views on family life.
⑶ the couple also need to review from time to time marriage, seeking to improve.
⑷ conflict, quarrel, the Cold War is inevitable, because each person has an emotional impulse, what matters is the experience of growing into each conflict, learn to open minded individuals, to face reality. Only love and for the sake of each other in order to resolve everything.
Marriage is love garden, flower garden must have sufficient space to grow, and planned plant, and sometimes to have to dig sometimes to fertilization, sometimes transplantation, and sometimes get rid of. Flowers depends on the season, different seasons, open flowers are different, marriage also changes of the seasons, each season has different difficulties and dangers, and dangerous means, not explain the "crisis of crisis"? So be careful irrigation of the flower of love, if it, together with the grass long, trouble is sure to be killed, either by wind or sun it will not be long Well, only to irrigation, well prepared, be patient, sooner or later the working class to bear fruit.
3. 4 risk of marriage
The first dangerous period:
Child is born the couple suddenly increasing the pressure, the original play and recreation greatly reduced quality of life decline. Children generated by the arrival of the "triangular" relationship, changed the original "two world", a couple of marriage the same time nervous, confused, bewildered.
The second danger period:
This period of four to five years after marriage, the couple easily find life dull dull. Husband worked for many years, but did not see any bright future, even too lazy to do housework; wife both work and have to take care of their children, too busy, the couple have no inclination to accompany each other intimately, this time they may find Concert. One sociologist investigated 70 women with a married man having an affair, found that most of these extra-marital affairs began in simple friendship. When the husband or wife should have said to the other party to the intimate listening to others talk, the couple are to blame.
The third risk period:
Married about seven years, sociologists found that married couples between the sixth to ten years, reached the lowest level of marital satisfaction. In fact, the divorce rate is also the seventh to ten years after marriage, the formation of the peak. This time, the spouses should be the greatest patience, care to help each other up to ensure the quality of marriage.
Fourth of danger:
Married twenty years this time, the physical condition of both men and women gradually changed. Wife went into the menopause is often restless, worried that they lost all charm, her husband was getting older and older no longer worry about --- with plenty of energy, creativeness not agile, but his son play basketball to enhance the totally hopeless. At this point he is in need of understanding and comfort, while the wife is precisely the same requirements. If the husband and wife can not give each other, he (she) may go looking for other heterosexual.
Wedding anniversary
Wedding anniversary generally have the following address:
Year: Paper Marriage
Years: cloth marriage
Three years: Paper Marriage
Four years: Silk Wedding / silk wedding
Five years: wooden wedding
Six: Rail marriage
Seven: Copper marriage / wedding hair
Eight: Electrical marriage / marriage bronze
Nine: pottery wedding
Decade: tin wedding
15 years: Crystal Wedding
Two decades: porcelain wedding
20 years: silver wedding
Three years: Pearl Wedding
Thirty-five years: Coral Wedding / Emerald marriage
Four decades: ruby wedding
40 years: sapphire wedding
Five years: golden wedding
50 years: Jade marriage / emerald wedding
6 years: diamond wedding
7 years: Platinum Wedding
Marriage in Ancient China
Ancient marriage age, the dynasty is not the same. Spring and Autumn period, the men's 20-plus crown, women 16 and hairpin, you can get married; also said that "while the married male 30, female 20 and married," is to lose time. "Han Emperor Hui Ji" on the express written: "Women over 15 to 30 years, not married, five-count." "Five-count" is the penalty she paid five times the taxes. In fact, the phenomenon of early marriage in Ancient China is also very serious, Song had "all men 15 years and women 13 years and listen to marriage" requirement. "Later Han Ban Zhao Chuan" on the record: Ban Zhao, "Four years 10, the Executive Ji Zhou Yu Cao." "Han Chuan Shangguan Queen" in even "more than a month Sui Li as Queen, in just six years old" records. But usually after the age of 20.
Escorting the groom to the family in ancient times when women are at night. "Miriam BARNES stunning ceremony" that: "stunning ceremony issued." Zheng Xuan note said: "Shi-wife of the ceremony, to faint for a period, which name Yan. Yang to the yin to the Japanese into three companies for the faint." And , "Jazz owner Bian, good clothes, Buddhists, from those who Bixuan side, take the ink vehicle, from cars squares, the Executive candle before the horse." Per capita which is the Bridal wear black, traveling is also black. This popular and later to the day the Bridal, Wedding wear a red dress, very different. Since the Tang Dynasty, before the Bridal time to the morning. According to paragraph into the style of Tang's "Exposition of" record: "ceremony, the wedding will be with faint, its yang to the yin to have. This salute at dawn." Dawn or daybreak. After Long Nan.
Ancient bride just started also very particular about the attitude. According to "Spring and Autumn Annals" record: "Keiko out baigui defendant said: 'people who are new to marry women, women to, as Mei Yee Jin-tobacco lines.'" So-called "safe cigarette as Mei Jin-line", yet Note Bing said: "An Jin-smoking as the pro line, describe the status of the bride can be described as penetrating carry on. However, it can be felt, it is difficult Literal Interpretation. On those calm; pity who care; smoke as those flows do not direct the eye askance ; Mei entrants, moving only shame is also reduced and lovely Ann Hsu. is the first entry of the state are the bride, was the loss of anti-identity. "
Han got married, are barricaded tent cloth curtain green, thanks to the gift exchange was held. "Shi false deceitful" chapter reads: "Wei Wu is low, the taste and good for the Ranger Yuan Shao. Views were married, dive master for the garden, called the night call saying: 'there are thieves thief!' Green Man Cottage are out of view. Wei Wu is in, pumping edge robbery bride. "This Green House in the marriage customs, remain in effect until the Qing Dynasty, Pu's" Strange Tales "on the various references.
Also, according to historical records, Han occasion, He already had the custom of marriage and the wedding night to listen to the customs house. According to "Han Xuan Ji" record: "Wufeng two Chao said: 'husband marriage ceremony, human relations are also great. Food and drinks of the will, so lines are also ritual. Grading and Erqian Dan or good at this as harsh ban not ban people with food and drinks with a wedding He called from a waste Hsiang-tang of the ceremony, nothing to make people happy, non-so guide people also. "Han Emperor purpose of this edict, it is designed to promote the common people at the wedding banquet to celebrate . Also, according to "the wife Han Kui Yuan Chuan" record: Yuan Kui and his wife into the bridal chamber, husband and wife in the whisper:
Kui You Yue: "Brother Xianxiong move, the world that laugh. Order Department percent is not suitable, first I am?" Replied: "concubine percent Takayuki special Miao, have not been good piece, not like scorn, Gou, however, has." Asked said: "Nelson Science Jun poor Michinoku, text for the words were, and where the post to frequently in order to produce wealth for the loss, what evil?" replied: "Confucius, the Great Sage, inevitably the destruction of Wu Shu; Zi to Yin, Utah There Bo lao. home by this monarch, whose wish ear solid. "Kui silence can not bend. Off-balance listener to feel ashamed.
Han has been listening room license practices.
In addition, different generations of ancient marriage customs with a customs are: the ancient taboo of women do not remarry, and have been so from the Zhou Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. According to "Li Tan Gong" record: Confucius, the son of Peter Fish's death, "his wife married in the Guardian," also contains: "Mother died of Zi Si Wei went on Zisi, Zisi cry at the temple. Doors were to say : 'Shu's mother died, what is the temple almost crying in his charm?' Zisi saying: 'I had now! I had now!' is the cry in his room. "visible saints, not from future generations Zaifu remarry. And Wei, Tang and Song Dynasties were a matter of doors for women to remarry, but also uncommon. "Three Kingdoms Ms. Wu Zhibu Biography" records: Step Lady "two daughters, long said, Luban, word big tiger, the former child along with Zhou Yu, the latter with full Cong; less said, Lu Yu, the word tiger, the former with Zhu According to the latter with Liu Compilation. "Shang Bing and" ancient social customs examination of things "drawing" with the Park Essay "that:" Tang Shigong main remarry are 23, three were married four. "and then to see whether ex-husband After the husband, or ex-husband after the husband to see, are not avoided. Song Dynasty poet Lu You and Tang Wan ex-wife after divorce, have a swim Shen Garden, and the subsequent chance encounter Tang Wan Cheng Shi-fu Zhao, Tang, Zhao Lu also sent food and wine, the results moved Lu wrote a spot on the wall, "Reproduction" words. (Do see the "Kuei-Hsin Miscellanies") can be seen, when the Tang and Song women remarry or normal. Until the Ming and Qing dynasties, women are not remarried side to Confucianism, it has been a feast, the Church of that.
Ten future trends of China Marriage
Smaller family structure
Philosophy: Every 3 to 4 people.
Expectations of marriage with the arrival of well-off life change, such as the amount of income on household investment, whether the birth will not be more respected. Both sides pay more attention to are: to maintain intimacy, respect of marriage agreement, mutual understanding, and create comfortable, quiet Yat comfortable home.
Late marriage and late childbearing increase
Concept: a single non-marriage, increasing numbers of voluntary infertility were on the rise.
Traditional "men and women stay home" concept, to be applied to modern people, in fact very difficult, or even have been completely overturned. Modern women as level of education, work experience, plus information on a large number of absorption and the media coverage of gender issues, so that women have "women can have their own world" concept, so love the autonomy of the increase, the spouse and marriage more things to consider.
There is limerick so that, men see a woman in about three years old, is to look at education; men look after the three-year-old woman, is to look through; men look after the four-year-old woman, is to look at medical records. In fact, such men and women are very sad, one will only "see", one only "be seen", and finally there will not be any results.
Therefore, the proposed older men, do not demand too much, because the last or only marry a wife, stopped to give yourself the chance and get along with females, not just "see", must _set_ an example to pursue their own happiness; older woman who had been missing all right, present or is not too late. Even those men prefer young girls, we should strive to pursue their own happiness. If you can not get married, to find sustenance in other ways, in fact, make a "single woman" is also good.
More science education in general
Idea: young people caused by reckless curiosity sexual experience decreased more careful on premarital sex.
Light weight fun mate economy
Concept: pay more attention to taste congenial mate, diminish the importance of economic conditions. Hope the other young men and women belong to the same social class with their own.
Young women the ideal partner, is a sense of humor, know how to respect people, life is full of fun, and economic conditions, the impact of family background will be diluted.
The pursuit of marital quality
Philosophy: quality of marriage become the goal.
Most families no longer make do, marital adjustment capabilities, will make family life more abundant, fresh, well-being. Greater equality between men and women in marriage, domestic violence reduced, the husband and wife share the household duties.
It was this passion and calm assessment of the marriage relationship - each a doomed love the energy, and love the more intense the faster consumption of energy, like flame, gorgeous sky, the moment will become ashes. The tranquil and calm could really be able to maintain life. Perhaps the more dull marriage, love the higher the quality.
Financial management system for the transition to AA
Concept: Family financial management will be one based on the transition to AA. Pre-marital property notarization, married couples in open bank accounts, independent economic accounting. By marital agreement, the couple take their own financial obligations of family life.
AA system, the so-called husband and wife, is a new mode of family financial commitments. It generally takes two forms: one is the exchange part of the money each month as a "family public funds" to pay rent utilities and other common household spending, the rest of their food; the other is entertaining, shopping, taxi and other expenses are all self-care, only buy a house, investing large projects like the average burden on the husband and wife. Recently, many young couples will be introduced to the AA system of family life - "My dear, let's AA system", become a catchword.
Reduce domestic conflicts
Idea: reduce domestic labor intensity, couples conflicts caused by reduced domestic labor. The socialization of housework, home appliances reduced the time universal.
More reason for divorce
Idea: Divorce, divorce try to break up a rational first choice, but the divorce rate will continue the rise.
Knowledge, people with higher educational level, emotion-rich people, love the higher demands more. But divorce is the social pressure to bear, will be reduced accordingly.
Shi divorce De advantage allows both sides will not made under circumstances in impulse decision regret, in the face of reality, both objective and willingness to reconsider Ren will check Ziji, appreciate merits of each other 检讨 their own inadequacies and Zui Hou's choice is rational of. If the divorce trial process, and I find that their marriage has no love, asexual, benefit, and a situation can not be improved, then the test is to divorce his grace period, when you leave this marriage, you will allow that they have a peace of mind, gave up, give yourself a new choice.
Rational treatment of extramarital affair
Concept: Social rational approach to the extramarital affair to continue.
People's sense of responsibility of marriage comes from the more self-awareness, self-discipline, self-correction, rather than forced external pressure. It demands the quality of marriage and the emotional, demands the rights and enjoyment between husband and wife, have more freedom of choice and self-awareness.
In extramarital affairs as frequently as the era of rising prices, we have to learn to calm and mature our minds to bear to face, you know, an affair, the temptation is irresistible, but the house is a harbor of refuge.
Increased degree of freedom of marriage
Concept: Marriage is no longer a herd behavior, marriage is a personal choice after careful consideration, single not married, "DINK families" and other lifestyle choices may become diverse content.
"DINK" is the English Doubleincomeandnokids acronym DINK, which means double income, no children's family structure. Today DINK families are springing doubled, especially in Beijing, Shanghai city in this super. Recently, a short message caught my attention last year, the DINK couples in China has exceeded one million pairs.
Wedding Customs around the world
Early African American: Jumping the Broom in the times of slavery, black men and women are not allowed to formally marry and live together. For declaration of their love and marriage contract, a pair of black men and women and the drum beat jumped over a broom. (The broom has a variety of African long-term to be very important, because it means the couple started a family. In Southern Africa, the first day after the wedding, the bride to help her husband's other women sweeping the courtyard, that moved into their new home in, she would fulfill her husband's family to help with housework.) up to today, a number of African Americans in their wedding was held at this symbolic ceremony.
Armenia: Two white doves to signify love and happiness. The bride wore red silk, wearing paper wings decorated with feathers. It may be thrown coins.
Belgium: The bride may still embroider her name on the handkerchief, held the wedding day, carry it on. After the wedding handkerchief into frame and keep it until the next family bride marries.
Bermuda: Islanders top their tiered wedding cake, the top plug in a small saplings, newly married couples to plant the tree at home, so they can watch it grow, as their marriage grows.
Bohemia: The groom gives the bride a rosary, a prayer book, a series with three keys above the belt (to protect her virtue), a fur cap, a silver wedding ring. The bride gives the groom a colored silk with gold thread and sewing the shirts and wedding ring. Before the ceremony, the groomsman wraps the groom in the bride's cloak to keep evil spirits from creeping in and dividing their two hearts.
Caribbean: Barbados, Grenada and St. Lucia, with dried fruits and rum is especially rich cake is very common. The recipe, handed down from mother to daughter, and embellished by each. It is considered a "pound" cake, because making this cake flour, brown sugar, butter, glace cherries, raisins, plums, currants, plus a dozen eggs and flavorings. The dried fruits are soaked in rum and kept in a crock anywhere from two weeks to 6 months.
Croatia: Married female relatives remove the bride's veil, put on a scarf and apron, symbols of her new married status. Then by all the married women serenaded. After the wedding, all the guests walk three times around the well (symbolizing the Holy Trinity), and throw apples into it (symbolizing fertility).
Czech Republic: Friends would sneak into the bride's yard to plant a tree, and then use the ribbons and painted eggshells to decorate the tree. Legend said she would live as long as this tree. Brides wear a wreath of rosemary, an ancient custom of remembrance. The wreath is the eve of the wedding the bride's friends from the woven, it symbolizes wisdom, love and loyalty.
Egypt: In Egypt, by the groom's family, not the groom himself, to marry the bride. Many marriages are arranged. Zaffa, the wedding is, in fact, a parade full of music, drums, bagpipes, horns, belly dancers, and men carrying flaming swords. It announces that the marriage is about to begin.
England: Traditionally, the village of the bride and her wedding party always walk together to the church. A little girl strewing, blossoms along the bride's life on the road will also be covered with flowers.
Attached: Full Record History of Human Sex Marriage
3 million years ago
Ape period. Our Zuxian Gang just learned Goulv Zhao walk upright, they can not stroke the knee straight. Orangutan males and females of different exercise complete chaos, "Marriage" form (in fact they are no "marriage" concept, all also only for species survival and reproduction): polyandry, polygamy, specifically polygamy ... ...
3 million years ago -200 million years ago
Early Stone Age. In addition to ignorance of human hunting and escape, the interior is also prevalent in the tribal unrestrained sexual relations - each woman is every man, also belong to every man, every woman. This is the group marriage system. Children only know the mother, the "father" knew nothing about. Women to men has never been at that time will not require commitment or ask them responsible.
More than 100 million years ago
In the late Palaeolithic. The body's natural division of labor gradually realized that our ancestors, Laofushaoqi husband and old wife is not conducive to prenatal and postnatal care less. Hunting, gathering of the young people and perform household chores and baby care among the elderly had a very clear difference between efforts. Sexual division will be there to generational boundaries. Nearly 100 people entered the long years of "blood family" era - class generation marriage or generation line marriage.
Class generation in human history, marriage was the first form of social organization, which is the difference between humans and herds, we, as social animals, thus beginning a long history of civilization.
10 000 years ago
Late Stone Age, new advanced stage. Mankind is ready to use "against incest," the end of last ignorance. At that time, sexual intercourse between relatives led to the confusion of low infant survival rate, deformed children, and too many children the horrors of low-energy phenomena. Primitive relations between men and women have a more stringent definition. The gradual establishment of mother right, causing changes in the form of marriage. Marriage between the different tribes. Race outside the marriage system, so that more and more of our fine varieties, productivity is rising rapidly.
5000-6000 years ago
Humans began to form the dual marriage system. Monogamy model to "grab Marriage" way to start. Tribes in continental Europe, when a young man the help of friends get robbed or when Po was a girl, the girl would be considered the young man's wife. Conversely, if a woman was robbed husband absconded back, caught by another man, she became the latter's wife, the former husband will lose his rights. Gender relations, the first formed an exclusive group marriage disappeared.
Although as early as 10,000 years ago, the world's population will rise to 500 million or more, but compared to then, people, transport inconvenience Shi spouse's scope is very narrow, close relatives mating the probability is around 50%.
4000 years ago
Rule of 5 million years of human society is the complete overthrow of matriarchy, men to hold back the "great" victory revealed a terrible scene. Since then, her husband acquired authority at home, while his wife was derogatory, enslaved, turned into a tool for children of ethnic continuity.
3000 BC
The name of God, the world's first prostitute appeared in Babylonia. After millions of years, this role is still threatening the family and marriage.
1750 BC
When the king came to power in Hammurabi, a strange logic popular - girls must first be a woman when back bitch. Every girl becomes a woman, you must go to the house of God to her body to a stranger. She sat, until a man will be cast in her silver dress, and then with her lying, or she is not allowed to go home. This system each branch in Semitic (Babylonian, Phoenician, Syrian, etc.) the most popular, moved from the Mediterranean island nation in the Balkans, the Greek, Hebrew, Rome, Egypt and India are also pursuing this regulation.
5th century BC
Socrates for his famous philosophy and bitch wife, so "marry a good wife, you can be happy; marry a bad wife, you will become a philosopher." Marriage began to become a "problem" and plague us.
323 BC
Egyptian wives on their husbands have a lot of rights, for example, if the husband wants to marry a second wife, his first wife must pay a fine. Money and something to the relationship of marriage.
1st century BC
Roman dictator Julius Caesar legislation can be identified with any woman he finds intercourse as lawful. He _select_ed a woman a lot, including with him Lie Luoma "three-way" of Pompeii and Crassus wife. When Caesar met Cleopatra Cleopatra, the immediately fascinated by this monster, to help her win the throne. Both developed by Caesar polygamy become legal spouses and one son. Privilege to protect men more than the wife can come. Full of luxury and pleasure in this era, Christians and vigorously promote the moral and encourage couples in front of God, the sacred combination of - the church has become the arena of the Western world marriage.
3-4 century AD
Brahmin priests Vatsyayana, is considered an ascetic life-long abstinence, wrote one of India's most pornographic works - "Love Classic." Contemporary monk Jovian (Jovian) because the claim that marriage than single, in the year 385 to spread blasphemous heresy were expelled from the grounds of the Christian Church. However, 11 years later, the thrill of daring acts as a natural part of birth of St. Augustine been chosen as the Persian bishop of the diocese. Pleasure and marriage of multiple war attracted us bored.
5th century
Religious domination marriage. In the Roman Empire, almost all of the wedding must have the blessing of the clergy; a church in the sacrament of marriage. Until into the next century, the East Roman Emperor Justinian as a capital offense of adultery, divorce has become almost impossible.
6th century
Buddhists and Hindus in India trying to make the human body connected with the gods. Through sexual intercourse ritual, combined with human behavior has become a sacred religion. In England, the marriage between blood relatives was declared illegal.
600 AD to 1000 AD
1086
In Europe, the husband went out travel as often to his wife to wear iron chastity belt, according to research that is when the Crusades began. It was a blacksmith named to the Queen, the Kaiser made a chastity belt, like a child locked in the lower abdomen on the cage.
770 BC
See the provisions of the European Middle Ages: From then on, the widow can not sleep in bed, only sleep on the floor, and only one meal a day can not have meat, honey, wine and salt, can not wear red wearing green, make-up. Zhou dynasty. Chastity for women to start building the system. Chou later, a woman committed suicide, deformity to mutate into the United States and Germany.
List of Chinese women martyrs:
Tang Wei Ming and Qing era of Qin and Han Dynasty
The number of martyrs 7 1,935,291,223,838,688 2841
The laws of this table, "eating" since the Song Dynasty appetites, culminating in the Ming Dynasty.
-10 Century AD 8th century
Europe's Middle Ages, became the ruler of the bride to enjoy the privilege. Farmer married bride, bride to be for the Lord to enjoy the first night. The right to host first night of the original monks who are priests. People live in fear of virgin blood, so asked for people to help themselves "clearance." Monks, priests, landlords and other important, she has a "divine power"; and friends and bride sex, are the brave "died"; As for servants, Dalits to "Kai Bao", is that these lives are not worth much, luck does not matter. In addition, the groom must also be paid to feudal lords "marriage tax", or else the marriage will not be recognized by notary public can not be lord's permission. This habit was abolished until the 19th century.
The early 11th century
Ministry of Women's Purple Palace officials wrote the "Tale of Genji." This is also the first one of the greatest love stories, describes the elegant and licentious court of the Japanese marriage.
A large concentration of medieval Arab harem girls, across Europe, Asia and Africa the continent Oubo Si 3 dynasty founder 海欧雷沙德 back to the 5th generation of its harem concubine, 400; to the 18th generation of the number of monarch concubine, has grown to 3400.
11th century
Chinese philosophers began to interpret the ancient symbols of yin and yang complementary rather than contradictory - as women and men, resulting in the non-points circle known as "Tai Chi diagram." Chinese people from the Road and moral aspects of a theory for the marriage to find a woman to be virtuous, not jealous husband, three wives and four concubines permitted at home from the husband, husband's death from the child, widowhood can they win the arch.
11 -13 century century
11 century onwards and bards created a lot of praise knight of love poetry, and walk in all the palace, stirring up trouble everywhere. The first time a woman took the man's whip, they become the protagonist of the game of love and marriage.
12th century
Ailaiyanuo has become King Louis VII and Henry II's queen, in 5 children born to 3 Girls, 2 sons did the king of England, three daughters married other European monarchs, she known as the "grandmother of Europe."
"Europe's grandmother," the classic love France and England introduced the palace. Ailaiyanuo and her daughter had even established a "court of love", the award of what behavior is "justified" Love. Elegant _set_ of 31 principles of love. Romantic story of rage, then any other provinces into Paris, France, Knight can easily get a roster of Huadu lady, well documented with their address, personality, tastes and looks for the rural youth _select_ion. Love a noble woman of a trend. Women taught men how to "civilization, respect for women" habits. Her husband's mistress and wife of lover are tolerance and respect for each other.
13th century
Saints Makeximo martyrdom made: for the faithful to God, only abstinence is not enough to eradicate sexual desire. Then there are many followers brandished a knife from the house. Others go further, they believe that since the House is not real skill, and should go to war to sex. They got a number of beautiful women, live together, even embracing nude, study hard Liuxia Hui, to spiritually impotence. It is said that they succeeded. Marriage, in their view is shameful.
1252
20-year-old King otoka II of Bohemia married nearly 50 years, Margaret of Austria King, once the annexation of Austria, he would lift the marriage. In addition to property, territory, and no one expected what marriage can give each other. As the non-eldest son can not inherit property, to those frustrated youths began chasing the real estate heiress. Meat and potatoes of the wealthy widow becomes. Young guy who married an old widow with property, once the old widow died, young man (old man has become a bad) can marry the young girl, delicate flowers; the old man died, the girl changed long ago Aunt, she can marry a young man, and carry forward the second spring. This is a strange marriage of food pouch hung from belt.
1477
England Maji Li Bruce wrote the earliest documented a Valentine's card, hoping to make her future husband as "the happiest on earth Housewives" and do not care about her poor dowry. But over the years, the lack of dowry many women have to enter the monastery as nuns.
1492
Christian the marriage as "abject state", "lust of the means", that "marriage is a human weakness."
16th century
In the United States "enjoy the joy of life" 400 years before, India had the "Ananga Ranga". It is the Church of husband and wife are 32 kinds of positions for sexual intercourse by maintaining the vitality and happiness of marriage. Meanwhile, in Germany, the early Puritans to promote sexual behavior within marriage. Reformers Martin Luther that sexual desire is human nature, it is difficult to repression. Therefore, he persuaded a group of nuns from the monastery, and to help them find husbands.
The early 16th century
Henry VIII created the biggest trouble. He was a devout Catholic, in order to have a son to inherit the throne, he decided to divorce with Queen Catherine, but was rejected by the Holy See. Henry VIII break altogether with the Holy See announced the self-hill, you can create a religious divorce.
Protestant in virtually raised the status of women. As the Protestant idea, as early as 20 years in the 16th century, Britain's women gained the freedom of divorce; and to enable women from excessive toil, contraception and birth control has become a popular Protestant community are respected practice.
Henry VIII, in addition to "create" modern American foreign (the expulsion of his life and death of those diehards who refused to divorce by "Mayflower" was to the New World _set_ up the United States - today the world's highest divorce rate), he or modern the community's first divorced. His divorce is the real religious meaning from the complete cut off. This can never be divorced unshakable crashed.
1553
Bloody Mary ascended the throne. Henry VIII used up a lifetime effort, wanted a son to inherit the throne, he got his wish, but that weak that only had 6 years boy king died. Henry VIII was the first queen to kill the daughter of Mary took over the throne, as the first modern society, the victims of a divorce, she started a terrible revenge: to restore Catholic rule and all the medieval practice of Protestants started the brutal suppression, just three years, she was burnt to death in London and more than 300 people. There are still a lot of the disunited couple, "not to harm the child" is not grounds for divorce.
1558
1625
Puritan wives of the proposed Weilianguqi called partner as "husband", and certainly not to call them, "Honey, honey, honey, baby child, my favorite, a small duck, small Panzhu" category.
17th century
King Charles II's physician invented the condom. Its raw material is the lamb of the appendix. It was a sensation in the global event. Thanks to the invention of the physician received the title, the United Kingdom also earn substantial foreign exchange. The thin little thing, to the women to enjoy sex the most fundamental protection of a large-scale reduction of illegitimate children.
1725
齐亚科莫卡萨 Nova - born people lover, born in Venice. In his travels, the record of hundreds of his mistress (mostly married women), which can call on the name alone 116. Two centuries later, "lover" and "Dream Lover" is separate from the spirit of condemnation of married men and women derailed object.
1750
With the continuous increase in the unmarried condition, some New England town trying to ban "the same places," the habit of wearing clothes as long as both sides or the middle partition separated, dating, a couple can sleep together. To the end of the century feminist Mary Wollstonecraft in "for defending the rights of women," a book for the first time on the restrictive marriage to a powerful attack.
The late 18th century
Women in marriage have been able to stand, often delayed marriage until their raised enough dowry far. European workers are usually adjusted for a long engagement, during this period, 40% of the labor couples choose cohabitation before marriage, and even the unmarried - which in the upper class can not be imagined. Although the church is strictly prohibited, but this phenomenon can not stop to become a common phenomenon.
1848
"Communist Manifesto" was born, the article mentioned: the capitalist system, so that men and women of the eternal marriage sentimental veil. In fact, a lot of people will agree with representatives of the Chicago school of another similar assertion Becker: God's eye clinics and may apply to transactions.
December 1879
"A Doll's House" premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen. Play off a shock half-century of controversy. Debate to the fierce, the cartoonist and even the "new woman" wife and "brutally trampled" the theme of satirising the husband. Although Ibsen was already accustomed to bad reviews, but this time the voice of protest throughout Europe, he was surprised. Today, Nora has become synonymous with the awakening of women, whether she did or left reflected the female doll to human society, attempts to "full citizens" struggle. European countries have legislation on women who actually have the right to Nora of her husband to the bank loans, which 10 years ago, is simply an impossible thing.
1857
Napoleon III and the Government of Flaubert "Madame Bovary," a book publisher prosecution, accusing them of deliberately insult to morality. But a defense lawyer's eloquence, coupled with public awareness of the sympathy of Madame Bovary, Napoleon III eventually lost. "Pan" has achieved a brilliant victory.
August 1888
蒙娜凯尔德 in the "Westminster Review" published an article on marriage, a small revolution, the result detonated closed pot in the United Kingdom. Just less than two months, the newspaper received 27,000 letters. Since then, even the most stubborn conservative British novelist has finally given up getting married for the novel's "happy ending." Sex and marriage to expose the dark side of the novel became a popular element.
1870
The first wave hit the world of divorce. With divorce, the ubiquitous disco music 100 years before the lot of heated discussions, the feminist movement has aroused the woman seeking self-reliance and desire to get rid of an unhappy marriage. 1870 to 1900, the United States the divorce rate increased by 6 times.
April 30, 1895
Oscar Wilde homosexuals against their "indecent acts" in the trial said: "The name of this love, no one dared to mention this century. But it is an older man for a young man by the resulting very great feeling, like David and Jonathan, as the basis of Platonic philosophy, just like you from Michelangelo and Shakespeare's works found in the spirit. It is the profound spiritual love, both pure and flawless. "
Mid-19th century
1903
December 1, 1927
Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai, Kunshan Road, King Lam Church Song Christian wedding ceremony at home, then went to the luxurious Majestic Hotel at the most traditional flavor of the wedding. Some statistics, Chiang, Soong married in Shanghai, spent several million dollars. Shanghai three English-language newspaper reported that: This is a prominent Chinese wedding ceremony. Shanghai newspaper headline: "China-US cooperation" (Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei) is point to understand the essence of this marriage.宋氏三姐妹 the State Incident housework, three women about the political situation in China half a century, they transformed the Chinese with the fate of marriage.
October 1931
Pu Yi and Wen Xiu divorce agreement was reached outside the court. Grounds for divorce 9 years of marriage for the two never actually have sex. This became breaking news, newspaper headline used the net is "concubine Revolution" and "unprecedented - Princess divorce fight with the emperor," and so on, and "divorced five conditions" in the last one: "by mutual agreement, the text people are not allowed to remarry after divorce embroidery. "
1944
Qian began writing "Fortress Besieged", works the main characters, life is very embarrassed, and marriage gradually become a farce. "Besieged City" became a classic moral of marriage: people want to go outside, people inside to come out.
August 8, 1950
Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao 25th wedding anniversary photo. The couple's love was seen as the perfect embodiment of Chinese traditional virtues.
1953
"Playboy" grand opening, encouraging men to "enjoy the happiness of women must be provided without having to involve feelings", of course, include a marriage.
1960
Britain there was an "exchange of sexual partners", the United States published the "Playboy" for a woman to provide a penis-shaped plastic vibrator pharmacies in major cities are placed in a prominent position on the window. Become a weapon of protest, hippies, rebels who have a call for "to love, not war" slogan. Themes must decisively break the marriage.
1965
Love dating show "The Dating Game" became a popular prime-time programming. In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court to repeal all laws prohibiting interracial marriages.
China's "Cultural Revolution" in China during the climax of the second divorce, the number of divorces up to 180 million pairs. China's other two "divorce boom" are in the 20th century 50's and early 90's.
1970
Israel and the United States occurred in the social commune, a relationship between men and women gave birth to a child, but the kids do not know which man, they elected a committee to raise the child. Unfortunately, test results showed that Utopia: recognition of blood on the child's development is most important. Population growth and the survival of civilization again, requires monogamy.
The mid-1980s to the 1990s
The second wave of the world of divorce. Divorce rate in the United States rose to 50%, with this figure to predict that today half of married people out of marriage.
1996
China Taiwan famous TV program "very men and women" begin broadcasting. Site a match more than 500 pairs, with the ultimate conclusion with reasonable less than 40 pairs. Two years later, the Shanghai "Meet Saturday" on air, played more than 300 guests, gonna get married are not a pair; July 1998 Hunan TV "Rose," the official broadcast date, more than 300 male and female guests, the real Meet in hand, also 10, a few pairs.
1996
"Town & Country" magazine introduced the world's first theme of a wedding website.
May 1998
Anton's "absolute privacy - Oral Record feelings of Chinese people," published a best-seller. Chinese _set_ off anti-marriage trend.
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