tǐ yù suī rán yòu yōu jiǔ de lì shǐ， rán 'ér “ tǐ yù ” yī cí què chū xiàn dé jiào wǎn。 zài“ tǐ yù” yī cí chū xiàn qián， shì jiè gè guó duì tǐ yù zhè yī huó dòng guò chéng de chēng wèi dōubù xiāng tóng。
tǐ yù yī cí， qí yīng wén běn shì physicaleducation， zhǐ de shì yǐ shēn tǐ huó dòng wéi shǒu duàn de jiào yù， zhí yì wéi shēn tǐ de jiào yù， jiǎn chēng wéi tǐ yù。 zài gǔ xī là， yóu xì、 juélì、 tǐ cāo děng céng bèi liè wéi jiào yù nèi róng。 17 ～ 18 shì jì， zài xī fāng de jiào yù zhōng yě jiā jìn liǎo dǎ liè、 yóu yǒng、 pá shān、 sài páo、 tiào yuè děng xiàng huó dòng， zhǐ shì shàng wú tǒng yī de míng chēng。 18 shì jì mò， dé guó de J ． C． F． gǔ cí mù cí céng bǎ zhè xiē huó dòng fēn lèi、 zōng hé， tǒng chēng wéi“ tǐ cāo”。 jìn rù 19 shì jì， yī fāng miàn shì dé guó xíng chéng liǎo xīn de tǐ cāo tǐ xì， bìng guǎng fàn chuán bō yú 'ōu měi gè guó； lìng yī fāng miàn shì xiāng jì chū xiàn liǎo duō zhǒng xīn de yùn dòng xiàng mù。 zài xué xiào yě zhú jiàn kāi zhǎn liǎo chāo chū yuán lái tǐ cāo fàn wéi de gèng duō de yùn dòng xiàng mù， jiàn lì qǐ“ tǐ yù shì yǐ shēn tǐ huó dòng wéi shǒu duàn de jiào yù” zhè yī xīn gài niàn。 yú shì， zài xiāng dāng de yī duàn shí jiān lǐ，“ tǐ cāo” hé“ tǐ yù” liǎng gè cí bìng cún， xiāng hù hùn yòng， zhí dào 20 shì jì chū cái zhú jiàn zài shì jiè fàn wéi nèi tǒng yī chēng wéi“ tǐ yù”。
wǒ guó tǐ yù lì shǐ yōu jiǔ， dàn“ tǐ yù” què shì yī gè wài lái cí。 tā zuì zǎo jiàn yú 20 shì jì chū de qīng mò， dāng shí， wǒ guó yòu dà pī liú xué shēng dōng dù qù rì běn qiú xué， jǐn 1901 nián zhì 1906 nián jiān， jiù yòu 13000 duō rén， qí zhōng， xué tǐ yù de jiù yòu hěn duō， huí guó hòu， tā men jiāng“ tǐ yù” yī cí yǐn jìn dào zhōng guó。
zài wǒ guó，“ tǐ yù” zhè gè cí zuì zǎo jiàn yú 1904 nián， zài hú běi yòu zhì yuán kāi bàn zhāng chéng zhōng tí dào duì yòu 'ér jìn xíng quán miàn jiào yù shí shuō：“ bǎo quán shēn tǐ zhī jiàn wàng， tǐ yù fā dá jī dì。” zài 1905 nián《 hú nán méng yǎng yuàn jiāokè shuō lüè》 shàng yě tí dào：“ tǐ yù gōng fū， tǐ cāo fā dá qí biǎo， yuègē fā dá qí lǐ。”
zài wǒ guó， zuì zǎo chuàng bàn de tǐ yù tuán tǐ shì 1906 nián shàng hǎi de“ hù xī shì shāng tǐ yù huì”。 1907 nián wǒ guó zhù míng nǚ gé mìng jiā qiū jǐn zài shào xīng yě chuàng bàn liǎo tǐ yù huì。 tóng nián， qīng huáng cháo xué bù de zòu zhé zhōng yě kāi shǐ yòu“ tǐ yù” zhè gè cí。 xīn hài gé mìng yǐ hòu，“ tǐ yù” yī cí jiù zhú jiàn yùn yòng kāi lái
1762 nián， lú suō zài fǎ guó chū bǎn liǎo《 ài mí 'ěr》 yī shū。 tā shǐ yòng“ tǐ yù” yī cí lái miáo shù duì 'ài mí 'ěr jìn xíng shēn tǐ de yǎng hù、 péi yǎng hé xùn liàn děng shēn tǐ jiào yù guò chéng。 yóu yú zhè běn shū jī liè dì pī pàn liǎo dāng shí de jiào huì jiào yù， ér zài shì jiè yǐn qǐ hěn dà fǎn xiǎng， yīn cǐ“ tǐ yù” yī cí tóng shí yě zài shì jiè gè guó liú chuán kāi lái。 cóng zhè lǐ wǒ men kě yǐ qīng chǔ dì kàn dào，“ tǐ yù” yī cí de zuì chū chǎn shēng shì qǐ zì yú“ jiào yù” yī cí， tā zuì zǎo de hán yì shì zhǐ jiào yù tǐ xì zhōng de yī gè zhuān mén lǐng yù。 dào 19 shì jì， shì jiè shàng jiào yù fā dá guó jiādōu pǔ biàn shǐ yòng liǎo“ tǐ yù” yī cí。 ér wǒ guó yóu yú bì guān zì shǒu， zhí dào 19 shì jì zhōng yè， dé guó hé ruì diǎn de tǐ cāo chuán rù wǒ guó， suí hòu qīng zhèng fǔ zài xīng bàn de“ yáng xué táng” zhōng shè zhì liǎo“ tǐ cāo qiú”。 1902 nián zuǒ yòu， yī xiē zài rì běn liú xué de xué shēng cóng rì běn chuán lái liǎo“ tǐ yù” zhè yī shù yǔ。 suí zhe xī fāng wén huà bù duàn yǒng rù wǒ guó， xué xiào tǐ yù de nèi róng yě cóng dān yī de tǐ cāo xiàng duō yuán huà fā zhǎn， kè táng shàng chū xiàn liǎo lán qiú、 tián jìng、 zú qiú děng。 xǔ duō yòu shí zhī shì tí chū bù néng bǎ xué xiào tǐ yù kè chèntǐ cāo kè liǎo， bì xū lǐ qīng gài niàn céng cì。 1923 nián， zài《 zhōng xiǎo xué kè chéng gāng yào cǎo 'àn》 zhōng， zhèng shì bǎ“ tǐ cāo kē” gǎi wéi“ tǐ yù kè”。
cóng cǐ“ tǐ yù” yī cí chéng liǎo biāo jì xué xiào zhōng shēn tǐ jiào yù de zhuān mén shù yǔ。
“ tǐ yù” yī cí zài hán yì shàng yě yòu yī gè yǎn huà guò chéng。 tā gāng chuán rù wǒ guó shí， shì zhǐ shēn tǐ de jiào yù， zuò wéi jiào yù de yī bù fēn chū xiàn de， shì yī zhǒng yǔ wéi chí hé fā zhǎn shēn tǐ de gè zhǒng huó dòng yòu guān lián de yī zhǒng jiào yù guò chéng， yǔ guó jì shàng lǐ jiě de“ tǐ yù”（ phyicaleducation） shì yī zhì de。 suí zhe shè huì de jìn bù hé tǐ yù shì yè de bù duàn fā zhǎn， qí mù de hé nèi róng dōudà dà chāo chū liǎo yuán lái“ tǐ yù” de fàn chóu， tǐ yù de gài niàn yě chū xiàn liǎo“ guǎng yì” yǔ“ xiá yì” jiě shì。 dāng yòng yú guǎng yì shí， yī bān shì zhǐ tǐ yù yùn dòng， qí zhōng bāo kuò liǎo tǐ yù jiào yù、 jìng jì yùn dòng hé shēn tǐ duàn liàn sān gè fāng miàn； yòng yú xiá yì shí， yī bān shì zhǐ tǐ yù jiào yù。 jìn nián lái， bù shǎo xué zhě duì“ tǐ yù” de gài niàn tí chū liǎo yī xiē jiě shì， dàn bǐ jiào qū yú yī zhì de jiě shì wéi：“ tǐ yù shì yǐ shēn tǐ huó dòng wéi méi jiè， yǐ móu qiú gè tǐ shēn xīn jiàn kāng、 quán miàn fā zhǎn wéi zhí jiē mùdì， bìng yǐ péi yǎng wán shàn de shè huì gōng mín wéi zhōng jí mù biāo de yī zhǒng shè huì wén huà xiàn xiàng huò jiào yù guò chéng”。 tǐ yù de zhè yī dìng yì jì shuō míng liǎo tā de běn zhì shǔ xìng， yòu zhǐ chū liǎo tā de guī shǔ fàn chóu， tóng shí yě bǎ zì shēn cóng yǔ qí lín jìn huò xiāng sì de shè huì xiàn xiàng zhōng qū bié chū lái。 dàn shì， tǐ yù de gài niàn bìng fēi shì yī chéng bù biàn de， suí zhe shè huì de fā zhǎn hé jìn bù， duì tǐ yù de rèn shí yě jiāng yòu suǒ fā zhǎn。
【 yì yì hé gài niàn】
tǐ yù shì rén lèi shè huì fā zhǎn zhōng， gēn jù shēng chǎn hé shēng huó de xū yào， zūn xún rén tǐ shēn xīn de fā zhǎn guī lǜ， yǐ shēn tǐ liàn xí wéi jī běn shǒu duàn， dá dào zēng qiáng tǐ zhì， tí gāo yùn dòng jì shù shuǐ píng， jìn xíng sī xiǎng pǐn dé jiào yù， fēng fù shè huì wén huà shēng huó 'ér jìn xíng de yī zhǒng yòu mùdì、 yòu yì shí、 yòu zǔ zhì de shè huì huó dòng， shì bàn suí rén lèi shè huì de fā zhǎn 'ér zhú bù jiàn lì hé fā zhǎn qǐ lái de yī gè zhuān mén de kē xué lǐng yù。 tǐ yù de gài niàn yòu guǎng yì hé xiá yì zhī fēn。
1． tǐ yù de guǎng yì gài niàn ( yì chēng tǐ yù yùn dòng )。 shì zhǐ yǐ shēn tǐ liàn xí wéi jī běn shǒu duàn， yǐ zēng qiáng rén de tǐ zhì， cù jìn rù de quán miàn fā zhǎn， fēng fù shè huì wén huà shēng huó hé cù jìn jīng shén wén míng wéi mùdì de yī zhǒng yòu yì shí、 yòu zǔ zhì de shè huì huó dòng。 tā shì shè huì zǒng wén huà de yī bù fēn， qí fā zhǎn shòu yī dìng shè huì de zhèng zhì hé jīng jì de zhì yuē， bìng wéi yī dìng shè huì de zhèng zhì hé jīng jì fú wù。
2． tǐ yù de xiá yì gài niàn ( yì chēng tǐ yù jiào yù )。 shì yī gè fā zhǎn shēn tǐ， zēng qiáng tǐ zhì， chuán shòu duàn liàn shēn tǐ de zhī shí、 jì néng， péi yǎng dào dé hé yì zhì pǐn zhì de jiào yù guò chéng； shì duì rén tǐ jìn xíng péi yù hé sù zào de guò chéng； shì jiào yù de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn； shì péi yǎng quán miàn fā zhǎn de rén de yī gè zhòng yào fāng miàn。
3． jìng jì yùn dòng yì chēng“ jìng jì tǐ yù”。 zhǐ wèile zhàn shèng duì shǒu， qǔ dé yōu yì yùn dòng chéng jì， zuì dà xiàn duódì fā huī hé tí gāo gè rén、 jí tǐ zài tǐ gé、 tǐ néng、 xīn lǐ jí yùn dòng néng lì děng fāng miàn de qián lì suǒ jìn xíng de kē xué de、 xì tǒng de xùn liàn hé jìng sài。 hán yùn dòng xùn liàn hé yùn dòng jìng sài liǎng zhǒng xíng shì。 tè diǎn shì：
1) chōng fēn diào dòng hé fā huī yùn dòng yuán de tǐ lì、 zhì lì、 xīn lǐ děng fāng miàn de qián lì；
2) jī liè de duì kàng xìng hé jìng sài xìng；
3) cān jiā zhě yòu chōng pèi de tǐ lì hé gāo chāo de jì yì；
4) àn zhào tǒng yī de guī zé jìng sài， jù yòu guó jì xìng， chéng jì jù yòu gōng rèn xìng；
5) yú lè xìng。 dāng jīn shì jiè suǒ kāi zhǎn de jìng jì yùn dòng xiàng mù shì shè huì lì shǐ de chǎn wù。 yuǎn zài gōng yuán qián 700 duō nián de gǔ xī là shí dài， jiù chū xiàn liǎo sài páo、 tóu zhì、 juélì děng xiàng mù， fā zhǎn zhì jīn yǐ yòu shù bǎi zhǒng zhī duō。 pǔ biàn kāi zhǎn de xiàng mù yòu tián jìng、 tǐ cāo、 lán qiú、 pái qiú、 zú qiú、 pīng pāng qiú、 yǔ máo qiú、 jǔ zhòng、 yóu yǒng、 zì xíng chē děng。 gè guó、 gè dì qū hái yòu zì jǐ tè shū de mín zú chuán tǒng xiàng mù， rú zhōng huá wǔ shù， dōng nán yà dì qū de téng qiú、 kǎ bā dí děng。 qí fā zhǎn yǔ guó jiā、 dì qū de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 wén huà jiào yù、 kē xué jì shù mìqiè xiāng guān。
4. yú lè tǐ yù shì zhǐ zài yú xiá shí jiànhuò tè dìng shí jiān suǒ jìn xíng de yī zhǒng yǐ yú yuè shēn xīn wéi mù de de tǐ yù huó dòng。 jù yòu yè yú xìng、 xiāo qiǎn xìng、 wén yú xìng děng tè diǎn。 nèi róng yī bān yòu qiú lèi yóu xì、 huó dòng xìng yóu xì、 lǚ yóu、 qí lèi yǐ jí chuán tǒng mín zú tǐ yù huó dòng děng。 àn huó dòng de zǔ zhì fāng shì kě fēn wéi gè rén de、 jiā tíng de hé jí tǐ de； àn huó dòng tiáo jiàn kě fēn wéi shì nèi de、 shì wài de； àn jìng zhēng xìng kě fēn wéi jìng sài xìng de hé fēi jìng sài xìng de； àn jīng yíng fāng shì kě fēn wéi shāng yè xìng de hé fēi shāng yè xìng de； àn cān jiā huó dòng de fāng shì kě fēn wéi guān shǎng xìng huó dòng hé yùn dòng xìng huó dòng。 kāi zhǎn yú lè xìng tǐ yù huó dòng， yòu yì yú shēn xīn jiàn kāng， táo yě qíng cāo， péi yǎng gāo shàng pǐn gé。
5． dà zhòng tǐ yù yì chēng“ shè huì tǐ yù”、“ qún zhòng tǐ yù”。 shì wéi liǎo yú lè shēn xīn， zēng qiáng tǐ zhì， fáng zhì jí bìng hé péi yǎng tǐ yù hòu bèi rén cái， zài shè huì shàng guǎng fàn kāi zhǎn de tǐ yù huó dòng de zǒng chēng。 bāo kuò zhí gōng tǐ yù、 nóng mín tǐ yù、 shè qū tǐ yù、 lǎo nián rén tǐ yù、 fù nǚ tǐ yù、 shāng cán rén tǐ yù děng。 zhù yào xíng shì yòu duàn liàn xiǎo zǔ、 yùn dòng duì、 fǔ dǎo zhàn、 tǐ yù zhī jiā、 tǐ yù huó dòng zhōng xīn、 tǐ yù jù lè bù、 qí shè， yǐ jí gè rén zì yóu tǐ yù duàn liàn děng。 kāi zhǎn qún zhòng tǐ yù huó dòng yìng zūn xún yīn rén、 yīn dì、 yīn shí zhì yí hé yè yú、 zì yuàn、 xiǎo xíng、 duō yàng、 wén míng de yuán zé。 guǎng fàn kāi zhǎn qún zhòng xìng tǐ yù huó dòng， shì fā huī tǐ yù de shè huì gōng néng， tí gāo mín zú sù zhì hé wán chéng tǐ yù rèn wù de zhòng yào tú jìng。
6． yī liáo tǐ yù zhǐ yùn yòng tǐ yù shǒu duàn zhì liáo mǒu xiē jí bìng yǔ chuāngshāng， huī fù hé gǎi shàn jī tǐ gōng néng de yī zhǒng yī liáo fāng fǎ。 yǔ qí tā zhì liáo fāng fǎ xiāng bǐ， qí tè diǎn yòu：
1) shì yī zhǒng zhù dòng liáo fǎ， yào qiú sī zhě zhù dòng cān jiā zhì liáo guò chéng， tōng guò duàn liàn zhì liáo jí bìng；
2) shì yī zhǒng quán shēn zhì liáo， tōng guò shén jīng、 shén jīng fǎn shè jī zhì gǎi shàn quán shēn jī néng， dá dào zēng qiáng tǐ zhì， tí gāo dǐ kàng lì de mùdì；
3) shì yī zhǒng zì rán liáo fǎ， lì yòng rén lèi gù yòu de zì rán gōng néng ( yùn dòng ) zuò wéi zhì liáo shǒu duàn， yī bān bù shòu shí jiān、 dì diǎn、 shè bèi tiáo jiàn de xiàn zhì。 tōng cháng cǎi yòng yī liáo tǐ cāo、 màn páo、 sàn bù、 zì xíng chē、 qì gōng、 tài jí quán hé tè zhì de yùn dòng qì xiè ( rú lā lì qì、 zì dòng páo tái děng )， yǐ jí rì guāng yù、 kōng qì yù、 shuǐ yù děng wéi zhì liáo shǒu duàn。 yí yīn rén 'ér yì、 chí zhī yǐ héng、 xún xù jiàn jìn， bìng pèi hé yào wù huò shǒu shù zhì liáo hé xīn lǐ shū dǎo。 èr gān duō nián qián yǐ yòng“ dǎo yǐn”、“ yǎng shēng” zuò wéi fáng zhì jí bìng de shǒu duàn， hòu yòu bù duàn fā zhǎn yǔ tí gāo， chéng wéi zhōng guó yùn dòng yī xué de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn。
7． tǐ yù de běn zhì。 shì zhǐ tǐ yù suǒ gù yòu de gēn běn tè xìng， shì rén lèi shè huì de yī zhǒng shēn tǐ jiào yù huó dòng hé shè huì wén huà huó dòng。
8． tǐ yù de běn zhì tè diǎn。 jiù shì yǐ shēn tǐ liàn xí wéi shǒu duàn， fā zhǎn shēn tǐ， zēng qiáng tǐ zhì， cù jìn rén de quán miàn fā zhǎn， wéi shè huì fā zhǎn fú wù。 tā zài shè huì fā zhǎn guò chéng zhōng， shòu yī dìng de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì zhì yuē， bìng wéi yī dìng de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì fú wù。 tǐ yù jù yòu zì rán de hé shè huì de liǎngchóng shǔ xìng。 zì rán shǔ xìng rú tǐ yù de fāng fǎ、 shǒu duàn děng； shè huì shǔ xìng rú tǐ yù de sī xiǎng、 zhì dù děng。
【 mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù】
zhōng huá mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù shì zhōng guó tǐ yù shì yè de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fēn， shì zhōng huá mín zú bǎo guì de wén huà yí chǎn。 xǔ duō yōu xiù de mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù xiàng mù， bù jǐn jù yòu hěn qiáng de jiàn shēn jià zhí， ér qiě hái yòu hěn gāo de yì shù jià zhí hé fēng fù de yú lè、 jiào yù gōng néng。 xīn zhōng guó chéng lì hòu， zhèng fǔ tè bié zhòng shì shǎo shù mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù de kāi zhǎn， yǐ wā jué zhěng lǐ chū liǎo 1000 duō gè tǐ yù xiàng mù。 bǐ rú měnggǔ zú bèi chēng wéi“ nán 'ér sān xiàng yóu yì” de shuāi jiāo、 sài mǎ、 shè jiàn； huí zú de tī jiàn、 bá hé； zàngzú de sài máo niú； miáo zú de dàng qiū qiān、 huá lóng zhōu； zhuàng zú yóu qīng nián nán nǚ biǎo dá 'ài qíng zhuǎn biàn wéi duì kàng xìng bǐ sài xiàng mùdì“ tóu xiù qiú”； cháo xiān zú de tiào bǎn； mǎn zú de huá bīng； dòng zú de qí mù mǎ ( cǎi gāo jiǎo )； yáo zú de dǎ tuó luó； gāo shān zú de fàng fēng zhēng； kē 'ěr kè zī zú de“ zhuī gū niàn”； bù lǎng zú de téng qiú děng děng。 ér lóng zhōu jìng dù、 fēng zhēng、 yāng gē、 wéi qí、 qì gōng、 tài jí quán děng， zé shì hàn zú yǔ shǎo shù mín zú dū gòng tóng xǐ 'ài de chuán tǒng tǐ yù xiàng mù。
lóng shì zhōng huá mín zú de xiàng zhēng。 fǎng lóng zào xíng， yǐ lóng qǔ míng de lóng zhōu， shì zhōng guó gè zú rén mín zài cháng qī de shēng chǎn shí jiàn hé shè huì huó dòng zhōng yī gè dú jù mín zú fēng gé de chuàng zào。 lóng zhōu jìng dù jù yòu nóng hòu de yú lè xìng hé jī liè de jìng zhēng xìng， zài nán fāng de shuǐ xiāng dì qū， gèng yòu guǎng fàn de qún zhòng jī chǔ。
fēng zhēng shì zhōng guó gǔ dài de zhòng yào fā míng zhī yī， shì shì jiè shàng zuì zǎo de rén zào fēi xíng qì。 qí zhì zuò zài zhōng guó jí wéi pǔ biàn， běi jīng、 tiān jīn、 shān dōng wéi fāng hé jiāng sū nán tōng sì dì de fēng zhēng zì chéng yī pài， bié jù tè sè， wén míng shì jiè。 měi féng 4 yuè shì wéi fāng yī nián yī dù de fēng zhēng jié， lái zì shì jiè gè dì de 'àihào zhě zài cǐ jiāo liú jì yì， chuán bō yǒu yì。
yāng gē shì zài jié zòu xiān míng de yīnyuè bàn zòu xià de yī zhǒng mín jiān wǔ dǎo， zhù yào liú xíng yú zhōng guó běi fāng dì qū。 yīn qí wǔ dòng fú dù jiào dà， gù yóu yì shù biǎo yǎn zhú jiàn biàn wéi jiàn shēn yùn dòng， yóu qí shòu dào zhōng lǎo nián fù nǚ de xǐ 'ài。
wéi qí yuán yú zhōng guó， chūn qiū zhàn guó shí qī jí yòu guān yú wéi qí de wén zì jìzǎi。 hòu liú chuán dào rì běn、 hán guó jí 'ōu měi guó jiā。 xīn zhōng guó chéng lì hòu bèi liè wéi zhèng shì de tǐ yù yùn dòng jìng sài xiàng mù， xiàn yǐ zài quán shì jiè dé dào chuán bō hé fā zhǎn。
wǔ shù shì yǐ quán shù、 qì xiè、 tào lù hé shí zhàn xíng shì wéi zhù de， jì néng jiàn shēn zì wèi， yòu kě yǎng shēng bǎo jiàn de tǐ yù xiàng mù， jǐ qiān nián lái yī zhí zài mín zhòng zhōng guǎng fàn chuán bō。
tài jí quán shì zhōng guó wǔ shù zhòng duō quán zhǒng zhī yī， yǐ yòu sān sì bǎi nián de lì shǐ。 tā róng hé gǔ dài dào jiā yǎng shēng xiū liàn shù， bìng jié hé yīn yáng yǔ jīng luò xué shuō chuàng biān 'ér chéng。 tài jí quán yuán yú hé nán wēn xiàn chén jiā gōu， yòu chén shì、 yáng shì、 wǔ shì、 sūn shì、 wú shì děng duō zhǒng liú pài， dòng zuò shū huǎn lián guàn， yào qiú yǐ yì dǎo tǐ， yì、 qì、 tǐ sān zhě xié diào pèi hé， yǐ jìng zhì dòng， yǐ róu kè gāng。
qì gōng shì zhōng huá mín zú yōu xiù de wén huà yí chǎn， jù yòu jǐ qiān nián de yōu jiǔ lì shǐ。 tā duì qū bìng qiáng shēn、 táo yě xìng qíng jù yòu jī jí de zuò yòng。 yīn cǐ， wǔ shù hé qì gōng bù jǐn fēngmǐ zhōng guó， ér qiě hái guǎng fàn chuán bō dào shì jiè gè dì。
zhōng guó hái dìng qī jǔ bàn quán guó shǎo shù mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù yùn dòng huì， gè mín zú tǐ yù jiàn 'ér huān jù yī táng， jìng xiàn jì yì。
【 běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué】
běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué shì quán guó zhòng diǎn gāo xiào zhī yī， lì shǔ guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú。 xué xiào yuán míng zhōng yāng tǐ yù xué yuàn， chóu jiàn yú 1952 nián 7 yuè， 1953 nián 8 yuè 31 rì zhōng yāng rén mín zhèng fǔ pī zhǔn chéng lì， 1953 nián 11 yuè 3 rì xué xiào zài běi jīng xiān nóng tán jǔ xíng kāi xué diǎn lǐ ,1954 nián qiān rù xiàn zhǐ， 1956 nián 3 yuè 14 rì， xué xiào gēngmíng wéi běi jīng tǐ yù xué yuàn， 1993 nián 12 yuè 11 rì， xué xiào gǎi míng wéi běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué , xiào qìng rì wéi 11 yuè 1 rì。
xué xiào wèi yú běi jīng shì hǎi diàn qū zhōng guān cūn běi dà jiē， dì chù zhōng guān cūn gāo kē jì yuán qū， pí lín yuán míng yuán yí zhǐ gōng yuán， zhàn dì miàn jī 1000 yú mǔ， jiàn zhù miàn jī 25 wàn duō píng fāng mǐ。
mù qián， běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué yǐ chéng wéi guó nèi tǐ yù xué kē、 zhuān yè qí quán， tǐ yù shuò shì、 bó shì diǎn zuì duō， shī zī lì liàng xióng hòu， jiào xué、 kē yán、 xùn liàn chéng jì xiǎn zhù， shēng yù yuǎn bō de quán guó zhòng diǎn xué fǔ。
50 nián lái， xué xiào bù duàn shēn huà jiào yù jiào xué gǎi gé， què lì xué kē jiàn shè zài xué xiào fā zhǎn zhōng de hé xīn dì wèi， zhù zhòng xué kē jiān de jiāo chā、 shèn tòu yǔ róng hé， xíng chéng liǎo gāo céng cì、 duō guī gé、 fù hé xíng rén cái péi yǎng gé jú。 xué xiào xiàn yòu 7 gè xué yuàn 2 gè zhōng děng zhuān yè xué xiào。 jí： yán jiū shēng yuàn、 jiào yù xué yuàn、 jìng jì tǐ yù xué yuàn、 wǔ shù xué yuàn、 guǎn lǐ xué yuàn、 yùn dòng rén tǐ kē xué xué yuàn、 chéng rén jiào yù xué yuàn yǐ jí fù shǔ jìng jì tǐ xiào、 fù shǔ tǐ yù zhōng zhuān； gòng yòu 24 gè jiào yán shì； yōng yòu 1 gè guó jiā jí zhòng diǎn xué kē hé 12 gè bù wěi jí zhòng diǎn xué kē； shè yòu tǐ yù xué bó shì hòu liú dòng zhàn , wèiguó jiā yī jí xué kē " tǐ yù xué " bó shì shòu yú quán dān wèi， yōng yòu tǐ yù jiào yù xùn liàn xué、 yùn dòng rén tǐ kē xué、 tǐ yù rén wén shè huì xué、 mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù xué 4 gè 'èr jí xué kē bó shì xué wèi shòu yú quán hé 5 gè zhuān yè shuò shì xué wèi shòu yú quán； shè yòu tǐ yù jiào yù、 yùn dòng xùn liàn、 shè huì tǐ yù、 yùn dòng rén tǐ kē xué、 mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù、 gōng gòng shì yè guǎn lǐ（ tǐ yù guǎn lǐ）、 xīn wén xué（ tǐ yù xīn wén）、 yìng yòng xīn lǐ xué（ yùn dòng xīn lǐ）、 yīng yǔ（ guó jì tǐ yù）、 biǎo yǎn（ tǐ yù yì shù） děng 10 gè běn kē zhuān yè， xiàn yòu zài xiào shēng jìn 6000 míng， qí zhōng shuò shì、 bó shì shēng 650 yú míng， běn kē shēng 4000 yú míng， liú xué shēng 200 yú míng， jìng tǐ hé zhōng zhuān xué shēng yuē 1000 yú míng， lìng yòu chéng rén jiào yù xué shēng 4000 yú míng， quán xiào zài jí xué shēng gòng 9800 yú míng； gòng wéi guó jiā péi yǎng gāo zhì liàng de tǐ yù shī zī、 jiào liàn yuán、 kē yán rén yuán、 guǎn lǐ rén yuán hé shè huì tǐ yù zhǐ dǎo yuán děng gè jí gè lèi tǐ yù zhuān mén rén cái 3 wàn yú míng。
50 nián lái， xué xiào jiān kǔ chuàng yè， jiā qiáng bàn xué jī chǔ shè shī jiàn shè， bàn xué tiáo jiàn bù duàn gǎi jìn。 jìn liǎng nián lái， xué xiào lěi jì tóu zī jìn liǎng yì yuán jìn xíng xiào yuán jiàn shè， xué xiào miàn mào huàn rán yī xīn。 xué xiào xiàn yōng yòu 1 zuò xiàn dài huà de jiào xué dà lóu； 1 gè shì jí zhòng diǎn shí yàn shì； 26 gè jiào xué、 kē yán、 xùn liàn shí yàn shì； 13 gè fù shǔ yán jiū、 péi xùn zhōng xīn； 16 gè shì nèi xùn liàn guǎn； 68 kuài shì wài yùn dòng chǎng； yī gè cáng shū 43 wàn cè de xiào tú shū guǎn， xíng chéng liǎo yǐ tǐ yù wéi tè sè de duō kē xìng cáng shū tǐ xì； yī gè wǒ guó dà xué chū bǎn shè zhōng wéi yī yī jiā tǐ yù zhuān yè chū bǎn shè， 10 yú nián lái， lěi jì chū bǎn xīn shū 1520 yú zhǒng。 tè bié shì jīn hòu jǐ nián， guó jiā jí guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú jiāng tóu zī shí duō yì yuán zài wǒ xiào jìn xíng jiào yù、 xùn liàn、 kē yán " sān jié hé " jī dì jiàn shè， xué xiào jī chǔ jiàn shè jiāng fā shēng gēn běn xìng biàn huà。
50 nián lái， xué xiào shǐ zhōng zhòng shì shī zī duì wǔ jiàn shè， péi yǎng zào jiù liǎo yī zhī gè tǐ sù zhì qiáng， qún tǐ shí lì xióng hòu de shī zī duì wǔ。 xué xiào xiàn yòu zhèng fù jiào shòu 228 míng、 jiǎng shī 264 míng、 bó shì shēng dǎo shī 40 yú míng、 shuò shì shēng dǎo shī 100 yú míng、 guó jì jí cái pàn 37 míng、 guó jiā jí cái pàn 210 míng。 zài guó jì、 guó nèi xué shù zǔ zhì jī gòu hé tǐ yù dān xiàng xié huì dān rèn zhòng yào zhí wù de yòu 36 rén， zài guó jiā 'èr jí xué huì rèn cháng wěi yǐ shàng zhí wù de yòu 44 rén。 zài guó jiā duì dān rèn zhù jiào liàn de yòu 15 rén， yòu 8 wèi jiào shī bèi què dìng wèiguó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú yōu xiù zhōng qīng nián xué shù、 jì shù dài tóu rén， yòu 4 wèi jiào liàn yuán bèi què rèn wéi quán guó 100 míng kuà shì jì yōu xiù zhōng qīng nián jiào liàn yuán。
50 nián lái， xué xiào shǐ zhōng bǎo chí jiào gāo de yùn dòng jì shù shuǐ píng， wéi zhōng guó tǐ yù chōng chū yà zhōu， zǒu xiàng shì jiè， zuò chū liǎo lì shǐ xìng de gòng xiàn。 zì 1980 nián yǐ lái， xué xiào péi yǎng liǎo guó jì yùn dòng jiàn jiāng 50 yú rén， yùn dòng jiàn jiāng 500 yú rén。 1980 nián yǐ lái， zài shì jiè dà sài zhōng huò guànjūn 50 yú rén cì， yà zhōu dà sài zhōng huò guànjūn 60 yú rén cì， shuà xīn yà zhōu jì lù 10 yú rén cì， zài quán guó zhèng shì bǐ sài zhōng huò guànjūn 600 yú rén cì。 yóu qí zài 2004 nián yǎ diǎn 'ào yùn huì shàng wǒ xiào zì jǐ péi yǎng de 17 míng zài xiào yùn dòng yuán、 7 míng jiào liàn yuán cān jiā 7 gè dà xiàng 13 gè xiǎo xiàng de bǐ sài。 qǔ dé 4 jīn、 1 yín、 1 gè tuán tǐ dì liù míng、 1 gè dì qī dídí yōu yì chéng jì； zài jí xué shēng 64 míng 'ào yùn jiàn 'ér、 bì yè xiào yǒu 8 míng 'ào yùn jiàn 'ér， zǒng jì 72 rénshēn jiā liǎo dì 28 ào yùn huì bǐ sài； shī shēng、 xiào yǒu gòng yòu 163 rénshēn jiā liǎo běn jiè 'ào yùn huì， zhàn zhōng guó tǐ yù dài biǎo tuán zǒng rén shù de 25.75%。
50 nián lái， xué xiào xíng chéng liǎo duō xué kē、 jī chǔ xìng hèyìng yòng xìng yán jiū xiāng jié hé de zōng hé yán jiū yōu shì， gòng huò dé shěng bù jí yǐ shàng kē yán lì xiàng 289 xiàng， qí zhōng guó jiā jí kē yán xiàng mù 26 xiàng； huò dé shěng bù jí yǐ shàng kē yán chéng guǒ jiǎng 160 xiàng， qí zhōng guó jiā jí jiǎng lì 8 xiàng。 jìn shí nián jiān， gòng yǐn rù wài yuán xìng kē yán jīng fèi 2106 wàn yuán， chū bǎn zhuān zhù、 yì zhù、 jiào cái、 kē pǔ zhù zuò jìn qiān bù； zài guó nèi wài xué shù kān wù shàng fā biǎo gè lèi lùn wén 2000 yú piān。
50 nián lái， xué xiào yī zhí zhòng shì yǔ guó jì jiān de hé zuò yǔ jiāo liú， xué xiào xiān hòu yǔ 'é luó sī guó lì tǐ yù dà xué、 měi guó yìn dì 'ān nà dà xué、 dé guó kē lóng tǐ yù xué yuàn、 rì běn tǐ yù dà xué děng 16 gè guó jiā de 28 suǒ dà xué jiàn lì liǎo xiào jì guān xì huò yǒu hǎo hé zuò guān xì； yǔ guó jì shàng xǔ duō tǐ yù shè huì tuán tǐ hé rén shì cháng qī kāi zhǎn liǎo gè lèi jiāo liú huó dòng。
50 nián lái， xué xiào xiān hòu yòu 4 rén cì huò dé guó jì 'ào wěi huì jiǎng zhāng， 51 rén xiǎng shòu zhèng fǔ tè shū jīn tiē， 62 rén huò dé quán guó tǐ yù gōng zuò róng yù jiǎng zhāng hé yùn dòng róng yù jiǎng zhāng， 366 rén huò dé xīn zhōng guó tǐ yù kāi tuò zhě róng yù chēng hào。 xué xiào hái huò dé liǎo tǐ yù yùn dòng róng yù jiǎng zhāng、 ào yùn huì tè shū gòng xiàn jiǎng děng róng yù。
hǎo fēng píng jiè lì， yáng fān zhèng yòu shí， zài xīn de shì jì lǐ， běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué jiāng yǐ dǎng shí liù dà jīng shén hé " sān gè dài biǎo " zhòng yào sī xiǎng wéi zhǐ dǎo， zài guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú de lǐng dǎo xià， chéng zhōng guó tǐ yù shì yè péng bó fā zhǎn zhī dōng fēng , zhuā zhù jī yù， chéng shì 'ér shàng , yǔ shí jù jìn , jiā kuài fā zhǎn , jiā sù zōng hé xìng、 gāo shuǐ píng de jiào yù、 xùn liàn、 kē yán " sān jié hé " jī dì jiàn shè， xiàng shì jiè yī liú tǐ yù dà xué de fā zhǎn mù biāo mài jìn， nǔ lì wéi běi jīng chéng gōng jǔ bàn 2008 nián 'ào yùn huì hé zhōng guó tǐ yù shì yè de fā zhǎn zuò chū gèng dà gòng xiàn！
【 zhōng guó tǐ yù cǎi piào】
zhōng guó tǐ yù cǎi piào shì zhǐ： wéi chóu jí tǐ yù shì yè fā zhǎn zī jīn fā xíng de， yìn yòu hào mǎ、 tú xíng huò wén zì， gōng rén men zì yuàn gòu mǎi bìng 'àn zhào tè dìng guī zé huò qǔ zhòngjiǎng quán lì de shū miàn píng zhèng。 tǐ yù cǎi piào bù jì míng， bù guà shī， bù fǎn huí běn jīn， bù jì fù lì xī， bù néng liú tōng shǐ yòng。 zhōng guó tǐ yù cǎi piào de xiāo shòu fāng shì zhù yào yòu liǎng zhǒng， guī mó xiāo shòu jí kāi xíng tǐ yù cǎi piào fāng shì hé diàn nǎo fǔ zhù xiāo shòu chuán tǒng xíng tǐ yù cǎi piào fāng shì。 mù qián， chuán tǒng xíng cǎi piào quán bù cǎi yòng diàn nǎo fǔ zhù xiāo shòu， yīn wéi diàn nǎo cǎi piào jù yòu fēn sàn、 ān quán、 kuài jié、 gōng píng hé bì miǎn làng fèi de tè diǎn。 jié zhì 1999 nián dǐ， quán guó kāi zhǎn diàn nǎo tǐ yù cǎi piào de shěng shì yǐ dá 11 gè， 2000 nián guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú hái jiāng zài běi jīng děng 9 gè shěng shì lù xù kāi zhǎn diàn nǎo tǐ yù cǎi piào de fā xíng gōng zuò。 jìhuà 2000 nián jiā kuài jí kāi xíng tǐ yù cǎi piào fēn sàn xiāo shòu fāng shì yán jiū， zhú bù qǔ dài dà guī mó xiāo shòu fāng shì。 kě yǐ yù jì， diàn nǎo tǐ yù cǎi piào hé jí kāi xíng tǐ yù cǎi piào fēn sàn xiāo shòu jiāng chéng wéi tǐ yù cǎi piào de zhù yào xiāo shòu xíng shì。 zhōng guó tǐ yù cǎi piào shì guó wù yuàn pī zhǔn zài quán guó fā xíng de hé fǎ cǎi piào， mù jí zī jīn zhù yào yòng yú fā zhǎn tǐ yù shì yè hé cù jìn quán mín jiàn shēn yùn dòng， shì yī xiàng qǔ zhī yú mín、 yòng zhī yú mín de shè huì gōng yì shì yè。 zhōng guó tǐ yù cǎi piào yī zhí zūn xún gōng kāi、 gōng zhèng、 gōng píng de yuán zé， zì 1994 nián zhì 1999 nián dǐ gòng xiāo shòu tǐ yù cǎi piào 102 gè yì yuán， chóu jí gōng yì jīn 30.6 yì yuán， wèiwǒ guó tǐ yù shì yè de bù duàn fā zhǎn tí gōng liǎo zī jīn de bǎo zhèng。 quán guó gè jí tǐ yù cǎi piào guǎn lǐ rén yuán， jué xīn zài guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú de lǐng dǎo xià， běn zhe jī jí、 kāi tuò、 rèn zhēn、 zhōu dào de gōng zuò tài dù， fú wù yú cǎi mín、 fú wù yú shè huì、 bù duàn kāi tuò wǒ guó cǎi piào shì yè de xīn jú miàn。
tǐ yù cǎi piào de gōng yì jīn yòng yú luò shí quán mín jiàn shēn jìhuà hé 'ào yùn zhēng guāng jìhuà， yǐ jí tǐ yù chǎng guǎn de wéi xiū、 shè bèi gēngxīn hé tǐ yù fú pín gōng zuò； shěng、 qū、 shì tǐ wěi fēn pèi de gōng yì jīn zhuān xiàng yòng yú luò shí 'ào yùn zhēng guāng jìhuà hé quán mín jiàn shēn jìhuà； dì、 shì xiàn tǐ wěi fēn pèi de gōng yì jīn yòng yú luò shí quán mín jiàn shēn jìhuà。 gēn jù cái zhèng bù、 zhōng guó rén mín yínháng hé guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú yòu guān tǐ yù cǎi piào gōng yì jīn de guǎn lǐ bàn fǎ， tǐ yù cǎi piào gōng yì jīn de shǐ yòng yóu guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú fù zé， shōu zhī liǎng tiáo xiàn， shí xíng zhuān mén zhàng hù tǒng yī guǎn lǐ， zhuān xiàng yòng yú fā zhǎn tǐ yù shì yè， duì gōng yì jīn de shǐ yòng qù xiàng yào jí shí bào sòng bào biǎo shuō míng， bìng dìng qī xiàng shè huì gōng bù， jiē shòu gōng zhòng jiān dū。 suí zhe wǒ guó tǐ yù cǎi piào shì yè de xùn měng fā zhǎn， guó jiā yě jìn yī bù jiā dà liǎo duì cǎi piào de guǎn lǐ lì dù， bìng zhuóshǒu cǎi piào de lì fǎ gōng zuò。 2000 nián 3 yuè 1 rì， guó jiā cái zhèng bù wèile guī fàn cǎi piào shì chǎng hé bǎo hù guǎng dà cǎi mín de lì yì， yòu xià fā liǎo《 guān yú rèn zhēn zuò hǎo cǎi piào fā xíng hé guǎn lǐ gōng zuò de tōng zhī》（ cái zōng zì 〔 2000 〕 17 hào）， tōng zhī guī dìng yào jìn yī bù jiā qiáng hé guī fàn cǎi piào de fā xíng jí guǎn lǐ gōng zuò， zì 2000 nián 4 yuè 1 rì qǐ， cǎi piào（ bāo kuò jì kāi xíng cǎi piào hé diàn nǎo xíng cǎi piào） yī lǜ yǐ rén mín bì xiàn jīn xíng shì duì fù jiǎng jīn。
【 guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú】
guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú， yīng wén míng chēng wéi GeneralAdministrationofSport， qí qián shēn shì 1952 nián 11 yuè chéng lì de guó jiā tǐ yù yùn dòng wěi yuán huì， 1998 nián 3 yuè 24 rì gǎi zǔ wèiguó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú。
qí zhù yào zhí zé：
（ yī） yán jiū zhì dìng tǐ yù gōng zuò de zhèng cè fǎ guī hé fā zhǎn guī huá bìng jiān dū shí shī。
（ èr） zhǐ dǎo hé tuī dòng tǐ yù tǐ zhì gǎi gé， zhǐ dìng tǐ yù fā zhǎn zhàn lüè， biān zhì tǐ yù shì yè de zhōng cháng qī fā zhǎn guī huá； xié diào qū yù xìng
tǐ yù fā zhǎn。
（ sān） tuī xíng quán mín jiàn shēn jìhuà， zhǐ dǎo bìng kāi zhǎn qún zhòng xìng tǐ yù huó dòng， shí shī guó jiā tǐ yù duàn liàn biāo zhǔn， kāi zhǎn guó mín tǐ zhì jiān cè。
（ sì） tǒng chóu guī huá jìng jì tǐ yù fā zhǎn， yán jiū hé píng héng quán guó xìng tǐ yù jìng sài、 jìng jì yùn dòng xiàng mù shè zhì yǔ zhòng diǎn bù jú；
zǔ zhì kāi zhǎn fǎn xīng fèn jì gōng zuò。
（ wǔ） guǎn lǐ tǐ yù wài shì gōng zuò， kāi zhǎn guó jì jiān hé yǔ xiāng gǎng tè bié xíng zhèng qū jí 'ào mén、 tái wān dì qū de tǐ yù hé zuò yǔ jiāo liú；
zǔ zhì cān jiā hé jǔ bàn zhòng dà guó jì tǐ yù jìng sài。
（ liù） zǔ zhì tǐ yù lǐng yù zhòng dà kē jì yán jiū de gōng guān hé chéng guǒ tuī guǎng。
（ qī） yán jiū nǐ dìng tǐ yù chǎn yè zhèng cè， fā zhǎn tǐ yù shì chǎng； zhì dìng tǐ yù jīng yíng huó dòng cóng yè tiáo jiàn hé shěn pī chéng xù。
（ bā） fù zé quán guó xìng tǐ yù shè tuán de zī gé shěn chá。
（ jiǔ） chéng bàn guó wù yuàn jiāo bàn de qí tā shì xiàng。
guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú xià shè bàn gōng tīng、 qún zhòng tǐ yù sī、 jìng jì tǐ yù sī、 tǐ yù jīng jì sī、 zhèng cè fǎ guī sī、 rén shì sī、 duì wài lián luò sī、 kē jiào sī、 xuān chuán sī、 jī guān dǎng wěi、 jì jiǎn zǔ hé jiān chá jú、 lí tuì xiū gànbù jú
guó jiā tǐ yù zǒng jú de zhí shǔ dān wèi：
yùn dòng xiàng mù guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn： dōng jì yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， shè jī shè jiàn yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， zì xíng chē jī jiàn yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， shuǐ shàng yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， jǔ zhòng shuāi jiāo róu dào yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， quán jī tái quán dào yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， tián jìng yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， yóu yǒng yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， tǐ cāo yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， shǒu qū bàng lěi qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， zú qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， lán qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， pái qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， pīng pāng qiú yǔ máo qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， wǎng qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， xiǎo qiú yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， háng kōng wú xiàn diàn mó xíng yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， qí pái yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， wǔ shù yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， jiàn shēn qì gōng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， dēng shān yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， qì chē mó tuō chē yùn dòng guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn，
hái yòu： shè huì tǐ yù zhǐ dǎo zhōng xīn， jī guān fú wù zhōng xīn， cái wù guǎn lǐ hé shěn jì zhōng xīn， xùn liàn jú， guó jiā 'ào lín pǐ kè tǐ yù zhōng xīn， qīng dǎo háng hǎi yùn dòng xué xiào， zhàn jiāng qián shuǐ yùn dòng xué xiào， ān yáng háng kōng yùn dòng xué xiào， qín huáng dǎo xùn liàn jī dì， tǐ yù kē xué yán jiū suǒ yùn dòng yī xué yán jiū suǒ， zhōng guó tǐ yù bào yè zǒng shè， běi jīng tǐ yù dà xué， tǐ yù wén huà fā zhǎn zhōng xīn， tǐ yù xìn xī zhōng xīn， duì wài tǐ yù jiāo liú zhōng xīn， rén lì zī yuán kāi fā zhōng xīn， tǐ yù qì cái zhuāng bèi zhōng xīn， tǐ yù cǎi piào guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn， tǐ yù jī jīn guǎn lǐ zhōng xīn。
xiàn rèn jú cháng： liú péng
【 tǐ yù bó wù guǎn】
quán chēng zhōng guó tǐ yù bó wù guǎn。 wèi yú cháo yáng qū 'ān dìng lù。 １ ９９ ０ nián kāi guǎn。 jiàn zhù miàn jī ７ ２００ píng fāng mǐ， zhǎn chū miàn jī２ ５１０ píng fāng mǐ。 zhǎn shì fēn wéi zhōng guó gǔ dài tǐ yù tīng、 zhōng guó jìn dài tǐ yù tīng、 xīn zhōng guó tǐ yù chéng jiù tīng hé 'ào lín pǐ kè yùn dòng zhēng guāng tīng。 gòng shōu cáng gǔ jīn tǐ yù wén wù ４７００ yú jiàn， zhēn guì tǐ yù wén wù tú piàn５０００ yú fú。 zhōng guó gǔ dài tǐ yù tīng， fēn xiān qín、 qín hàn sān guó、 liǎng jìn nán běi cháo suí táng wǔ dài、 sòng liáo jīn yuán hé míng qīng４ gè bù fēn， zhǎn shì liǎo zhōng guó gǔ dài tǐ yù fā zhǎn de guǐ jì； zhōng guó jìn dài tǐ yù tīng， biǎo xiàn de shì yā piàn zhàn zhēng dào１９４９ nián zhè yī duàn shí qī zhōng guó tǐ yù de fā zhǎn lì chéng； xīn zhōng guó tǐ yù chéng jiù tīng， yòng tú piàn、 mó xíng hé shí wù biǎo xiàn liǎo dǎng hé guó jiā duì tǐ yù shì yè de guān huái yǐ jí qún zhòng tǐ yù、 tǐ yù chǎng guǎn jiàn shè děng fāng miàn de huī huáng chéng jiù； ào lín pǐ kè yùn dòng zhēng guāng tīng， zhǎn xiàn liǎo zhōng guó cān jiā 'ào yùn huì hé zhōng guó rén mín fā zhǎn 'ào lín pǐ kè yùn dòng de lì shǐ。 jiàn guǎn yǐ lái， hái jǔ bàn guò gè zhǒng lín shí zhǎn lǎn， rú dì shí yī jiè yà yùn huì tǐ yù jí yóu zhǎn lǎn； hóng yáng běi jīng yà yùn jīng shén xún huí zhǎn lǎn； zhēng bàn２０００ nián 'ào yùn huì zhǎn lǎn； ào lín pǐ kè yùn dòng bǎi nián zhǎn、 zhōng guó jiàn 'ér zài bā sài luó nà zhǎn； kāi fàng de zhōng guó pàn 'ào yùn zhǎn； hè lóng yǔ tǐ yù zhǎn； xīn zhōng guó tǐ yù chéng jiù zhǎn； huī huáng de wǔ nián héng héng zhōng guó tǐ yù chéng jiù zhǎn； ào lín pǐ kè shì jì xíng zhǎn děng。 qí zhōng dì shí yī jiè yà yùn huì tǐ yù jí yóu zhǎn lǎn， gòng zhǎn chū ３０ gè guó jiā hé dì qū de２０７ bù、１３７４ zhǎn kuàng yóu piào。 xiān hòu jiē dài liǎo guó jì 'ào wěi huì guān yuán ６０ yú míng， qí zhōng guó jì 'ào wěi huì zhù xí sà mǎ lán qí liǎng cì cān guān bìng zèng sòng liǎo jì niàn pǐn。 biān ji yòu《 zhōng guó tǐ yù wén huà wǔ qiān nián》、《 zhōng huá mín zú chuán tǒng tǐ yù zhì》、《 shì jiè tǐ tán dǐng fēng de zhōng guó rén》 děng zhù zuò。１９９２ nián５ yuè bèi běi jīng shì rén mín zhèng fǔ mìng míng wéi“ běi jīng shì qīng shàonián jiào yù jī dì”；１９９７ nián６ yuè bèi guó jiā tǐ wěi mìng míng wéi“ guó jiā tǐ wěi 'ài guó zhù yì jiào yù jī dì”。
Although sports has a long history, but "physical education" is to appear in late. In the "Sports" before the word appeared, the world of sports in this active process of the title is different.
long history of sports, but the "sport" is a foreign word. It was first seen in the early 20th century the Qing Dynasty, when a large number of foreign students in China Going to Japan to study, only between 1901 to 1906, there are 13,000 people, of which there are a lot of school sports, after returning home, they will " physical education "introduced to China.
In our country, "Sports" The word was first seen in 1904, opened in Hubei kindergarten children referred to the articles of association to conduct a comprehensive education said: "The preservation of the body healthy and vigorous, physical well-developed base." In 1905, "Mongolia's homes to teach classes in Hunan "Brief are also mentioned:" sports martial arts, gymnastics and developed its form, songs and developed their in. "
In China, the first sports organization founded in 1906 in Shanghai, "Hu Xi Shi Commercial Athletic Association." In 1907 a famous woman revolutionary Qiu Jin in Shaoxing also founded Sports Association. In the same year, the Qing dynasty of the Faculty of the memorial also began to have "sports" is the word. After the Revolution, "Sport" is used to gradually open to
1762, Rousseau published in France, "Emile," a book. He used "physical education" to describe a medical Emile conservation, cultivation and training of physical education process. As this book is fiercely critical of the Church at that time education has aroused great repercussion in the world, so "physical education" while also spread to the countries of the world. From here we can clearly see that "physical education" starting from the initial production is the "education", meaning the earliest it is a special education system in the field. To the 19th century, the world's developed countries have generally used education "physical education". Not being a closed door, until the mid-19th century, German and Swedish gymnastics into our country, followed by the Qing government _set_ up the "foreign school" _set_ up "gymnastics ball." Around 1902, a number of students studying in Japan came from Japan "sports" of that term. With the continuous influx of Western culture in China, the content of school sports from gymnastics to the diversification of a single, appeared in class, basketball, track and field, soccer, etc.. Many people of insight that it was not known to the school physical education gym class, and to clarify conceptual level. In 1923, the "draft outline of primary and secondary school curriculum", the official to "Gymnastics Section" to "physical education."
From "physical education" became the mark of physical education in schools, special terms.
"Physical education" in meaning there is a evolutionary process. It has just introduced into China, means physical education as part of education there is a kind of body with the maintenance and development activities associated with a process of education and international understanding of "sports" (phyical education) is consistent. Along with social progress and the continuous development of sports, the purpose and content have greatly exceeded the original "sports" category, the concept of sports there have been "extended" and "narrow" interpretation. When used in general, generally refers to the sport, including physical education, competitive sports and physical training in three aspects; for a narrow, generally refers to physical education. In recent years, many scholars of the "sports" concept put forward some explanations, but tend to go to the same interpretation: "Sport is a physical activity for the media to seek physical and mental health, overall development for the direct purpose, and to train improved social citizenship as the ultimate goal of a social and cultural phenomenon, or the educational process. " This definition of both sports, explains its essential nature, but also pointed out that the attribution of its scope, but also to itself from the adjacent or similar distinguish social phenomena. However, the concept of sports is not static, with the social development and progress, knowledge of sports will also be developed.
】 【Meaning and concepts
Sport is a human social development, based on production and daily life, Zunxun human physical and mental development to the law of physical exercise as the basic means, to enhance health and improve the techniques of sports, ideological and moral education, enrich their social cultural life for a kind of purposeful, conscious, organized social activities, is accompanied by the progressive development of human society, established and developed a specialized area of science. The concept of sports broad and narrow sense.
1. Sports generalized concept (also known as sports). Refers to the physical practice as the basic means to enhance the human body, promote the comprehensive development into the rich social and cultural life and promoting spiritual civilization for the purpose of a conscious, organized social activities. It is always part of the culture of society, the development of society by certain political and economic constraints, and certain social political and economic services.
2. Narrow concept of physical education (also known as physical education). Is a development body, enhance physical fitness, exercise to teach the knowledge, skills, training and the will and moral quality of the education process; it is the human body to nurture and shape the process; is an important part of education; is rounded of a person important.
3. Competitive sport known as "sports." Means to overcome rivals, achieved outstanding athletic performance, to maximize and enhance the individual and collective in the medical, physical, mental and motor abilities of potential carried out by scientific and systematic training and competition. With sports training and athletic competition in two forms. Characteristics:
1) and fully mobilize and athletes physical, intellectual and psychological potential;
2) intense confrontation and competition of;
3) the participants plenty of physical strength and superb skill;
4) In accordance with uniform rules competition is international, recognized sexual performance;
5) entertainment. Carried out by the competitive world of sports is a product of social history. Far more than 700 years BC, the ancient Greece, it appears the race, throwing, wrestling and so on, now, there are hundreds of kinds. To carry out the project generally track and field, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, soccer, table tennis, badminton, weightlifting, swimming, cycling and so on. Countries and regions have their own unique ethnic traditions, such as the Chinese martial arts, Southeast Asia's sepak takraw, Kabaddi etc.. The development of national, regional political, economic, cultural education, science and technology closely related.
4. Entertainment sports leisure time or means to conduct a specific time in order to entertain the mind and body for the purpose of sports. With amateur sex, recreational, cultural and other characteristics. Content generally have ball games, active games, travel, chess, and traditional ethnic sports activities. Is organized by activities can be divided into individual, family and group; according to conditions for the activities can be divided into indoor, outdoor; by the competitive nature can be divided into competition and non-competitive in nature; by mode of operation can be divided into commercial and non-commercial; according to participate in activities can be divided into spectator events and sports activities. To carry out recreational sports activities, promote good health, strive to cultivate a noble character.
6. PE refers to the use of sport means of medical treatment of certain diseases and trauma, rehabilitation and improvement of body function in a medical way. Compared with other treatments, its features are:
1) is an active therapy, the treatment required to participate in the process of thinking are taking the initiative, through the exercise treatment of disease;
2) is a systemic treatment, neural, neural reflex mechanisms to improve the body function, to strengthen health and improve resistance to the purpose;
3) is a natural therapy, use of the inherent nature of human function (movement) as a treatment, generally not subject to time, place, equipment conditions. Usually medical gymnastics, jogging, walking, cycling, qigong, tai chi, and special sports equipment (such as tension, automatic treadmill, etc.), as well as sun, air bath, water bath, etc. for the treatment. Should vary, sustained, gradual, and with medical or surgical treatment and psychological counseling. Two dry years ago as "guidance," "health" as a means of disease prevention, then the continuous development and improvement become an important part of sports medicine.
7. The nature of sports. Is inherent in the fundamental physical characteristics of a body of human society and social and cultural activities and education activities.
8. The nature and characteristics of sports. Is to physical exercise as a means to develop the body, enhance physical fitness, promote the comprehensive development, social development. It is in the process of social development, subject to certain political, economic constraints, and some political, economic services. Sports has a dual nature and social attributes. Natural attributes such as physical education methods, and means; social attributes such as sports ideas and systems.
【】 Traditional Sports
Long a symbol of the Chinese nation. Imitation dragon form, called the Dragon's Dragon, the Chinese people of all nationalities in the long-term production practice and social activities to create a unique national style. Dragon Boat Race has a strong entertainment and fierce competition in the Waterside area in the south, more extensive mass foundation.
Kite is one of important inventions in ancient China, is the world's first man-made aircraft. Its production is common in China, Beijing, Tianjin, Weifang in Shandong and Jiangsu Nantong kites Four self-contained school, unique, world-famous. Every April is the annual Weifang Kite Festival, fans from around the world in this exchange skills and spread the friendship.
Younger is a distinct rhythm of the music accompaniment of a folk dance, is prevalent in northern China. A significant reduction in their dance, it gradually changed from the performing arts exercise, particularly loved by middle-aged women.
Go originated in China, the Warring States period that the written records on the Go. Later spread to Japan, Korea and Europe and the United States. After new China was founded as a formal sport games, has now been spread around the world and development.
Wushu is a Chinese boxing, routines and practical forms-based, both fitness self-defense, but also health care for sports, for thousands of years has been widely disseminated among the public.
Tai Chi is a Chinese martial arts is one of many boxing, has 34 years of history. It combines the ancient Taoist Alchemy, combined with the Meridian composed become yin and yang. Taijiquan from Chen village in Wen County in Henan, with Chen style, Yang style, Wu style, Sun style, Wu style and many other schools, the Body of coherence, required to Italian conductor, Italy, gas, three coordination bodies, inaction, dealt with gently.
Qigong is the Chinese nation's fine cultural heritage, has a long history of thousands of years. It illnesses and physically healthy, positive role in the yardsticks. Therefore, not only the popular Chinese martial arts and qigong, but also widely disseminated around the world.
China also regularly held National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meet, the national sports athletes gathered, offering skills competition.
】 【Beijing Sport University
Beijing Sport University is one of the national key universities, under the State Sport General Administration. School was originally called the Central Institute of Physical Education, and building in July 1952, August 31, 1953 approved the establishment of the Central People's Government, November 3, 1953 at the school opening ceremony in Beijing Xiannongtan, moved to present site in 1954, 1956 March 14, the school was renamed the Beijing Institute of Physical Education, December 11, 1993, the school changed its name to Beijing Sport University, anniversary date of November 1.
Schools located in Zhongguancun, Haidian District, North Avenue, located in the Zhongguancun Hi-Tech Park, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, covers an area of 1000 mu, building area of more than 250,000 square meters.
Currently, Beijing Sport University has become a physical education, professional and complete, Sports Master, doctoral up, strong teachers, teaching, research, training, remarkable achievements, reputation spread far and wide in the national key universities.
50 years, deepening educational reform schools, to establish discipline in the school building the core of development, focusing on interdisciplinary cross, penetration and fusion, the formation of a high-level, multi-standard, complex pattern of personnel training. There are 7 schools, 2 secondary schools college. Namely: Graduate School of Education, Institute of Sports, Martial Arts College, School of Management, School of Human Movement Science, Institute of Adult Education and Competitive Sports subsidiary, affiliated sports secondary school; a total of 24 teaching and research; has a state-level key disciplines and ministerial level in 12 key disciplines; with postdoctoral research station of Physical Education, subject to the national level, "Sports" Dr. conferred units, with Physical Education and Training, Human Movement Science, humanities and sociology, National Traditional Sports 4 two disciplines authorized to confer doctorate and master's degree conferred 5; with physical education, sports training, sports, Human Movement Science, traditional sports, Public Service Management (Sports Management), Journalism (Sports News) Applied Psychology (Sport Psychology), English (international sports), performing (Sports Art) in 10 undergraduate programs, 现有在校生 nearly 6,000, including a master, more than 650 doctoral students, 4,000 undergraduates, students with more than 200 secondary school students competing bodies and more than 1,000, and another 4,000 adult education students, school students in the membership of more than 9800; of high-quality sports training for the state teachers, coaches, researchers, managers and social sports instructor, and all other sports specialists three thousand names.
50 years, the school always attached importance to teaching staff, the quality of individual training created a strong, powerful groups of teachers. Is Associate Professor of the existing 228 schools, 264 lecturers, doctoral tutor more than 40, more than 100 master teachers, and 37 international referees, national referees 210. In the international and domestic academic organizations and sports federations have held important positions 36, either at the national Institute of the Standing Committee of the above two posts are 44. In the national team as head coach of 15 people, there are eight teachers have been identified as the State Sport General Administration of outstanding young academic, technical leaders, there are four coaches were recognized as national outstanding young coaches in 100 century.
50 years, the school formed a multi-disciplinary, fundamental and applied research combined advantages of a comprehensive study, a total of more than access to provincial and ministerial level scientific research project 289, including 26 national research projects; were 160 provincial and ministerial scientific research achievement awards items, of which eight national awards. Past decade, the introduction of exogenous a total 21.06 million yuan for scientific research, published monographs, translations, textbooks, popular science books nearly Division; at home and abroad all kinds of papers published in academic journals, over 2,000 articles.
50 years, the school has always attached importance to international cooperation and exchanges between the school has with the Russian National Sport University, Indiana University, Cologne, Germany, Institute of Physical Education, Physical Education University, Japan, 16 countries established 28 inter-university relations or friendship partnership; and many international sports community groups and individuals to carry out the various types of long-term exchange activities.
50 years, the school has had four times the international Olympic Committee medal, special government allowances of 51, 62 people received the National Medal for Physical Education and Sports Medal for Meritorious Service, 366 were given the honorary title of the new China sports pioneers. The school also won the Sports Medal, Olympic Games Special Contribution Award and other honors.
With a good wind power, sail is sometimes, in the new century, Beijing Sport University will be the party Shiliu Da spirit and "Three Represents" as guidance, the State Sports General Administration under the leadership of the Chinese sports industry to grow by Development east, seize opportunities, and on the times, accelerate the development and accelerate comprehensive, high level of education, training, scientific research, "combination" base construction, to the development of world-class sports university Mubiao forward Nuli success for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and China's sports development and make greater contributions!
】 【China Sports Lottery
China Sports Lottery is: To raise funds Sports Development issued, bearing the numbers, graphics or text, for people to voluntarily purchase and in accordance with specific rules for winning power of the written evidence. Sports lottery, excluding names, not report the loss, do not return the principal, excluding interest payments, not circulation. China's sports lottery sales, there are two main methods, the scale of sales of instant sports lottery sales methods and computer-assisted way of traditional sports lottery. At present, the traditional use of computer-assisted total lottery sales, because the computer lottery has dispersed, safe, efficient, fair and avoid wasting features. As of the end of 1999, a nationwide sports lottery computer and cities has reached 11 in 2000, the State Sport General Administration will be in Beijing and nine provinces and municipalities are carrying out the distribution of computer sports lottery. Plans to open in 2000 to speed up the way of Sports Lottery sales of distributed, gradually replace the large-scale sales methods. Can be expected, computer sports lottery and instant sports lottery sales will be distributed the main selling sports lottery form. China Sports Lottery is approved by the State Council issued the legal lottery in the country, mainly to raise funds for the development of sports and promote national fitness campaign, is a taken from the people, benefit of the people's social welfare services. China Sports Lottery has followed an open, fair, equitable principles, from 1994 to the end of 1999 a total of 102 million sports lottery sales, the Community Chest to raise 3.06 billion yuan for the continuous development of China's sports undertaking has provided funding guarantee. Sports lottery managers at all levels, determined under the leadership of the State Sports General Administration, with a positive, open, serious and thoughtful attitude and the service at the Lottery, to serve the community, and constantly open up a new situation in China's lottery business.
Sports lotteries for the implementation of the National Fitness Program and the Olympic Game, and the maintenance of sports facilities, equipment, and sports updates poverty alleviation; provinces, autonomous regions, Shi Tiwei special allocation for the implementation of the Community Chest and the National Fitness Program for Olympic; to , City and County Sports Commission assigned the implementation of the National Fitness Program for the Community Chest. According to the Ministry of Finance, PBOC and the State Sports General Administration of the sports lottery management practices, the use of sports lottery by the State Sports General Administration, revenues and expenditures, the implementation of the unified management of special accounts, earmarked for the development of sports , the use of the Community Chest movement of instructions to promptly submit the report and regularly to the public, subject to public supervision. Along with the rapid development of sports lottery business, the state has further increased the intensity of the lottery's management and started to lottery legislation. March 1, 2000, the Ministry of Finance to regulate the lottery market and protect the interests of Lottery, has issued a "do a good job on the management of lottery distribution and notification" (Cai Zong 〔2000〕 17 characters), notice provisions to further strengthen and regulate the distribution and management of the lottery, 自 April 1, 2000 onwards, Cai Piao (Bao Kuoji Lottery as and Diannao type lottery) Yilv in the form of cash bonus of RMB Xian Jin.
General Administration of Sport】 【
State Sport General Administration, the English name for the General Administration of Sport, whose predecessor was formed in November 1952 the State Sports Committee, March 24, 1998 reorganized as the State Sport General Administration.
Its main responsibilities:
(A) of the study and formulate policies and regulations and sports work and supervise the implementation of development planning.
(B) guide and promote the sport system, specify the sports development strategy, the preparation of medium and long term sports development planning; coordination of regional
Sports.
(C) the implementation of the National Fitness Program to guide and promote mass sports activities, the implementation of national physical training standards, carry out monitoring of the national constitution.
(D) overall planning and sports development, research and balanced national sports competitions, competitive sports _set_ting and focus of the layout;
Anti-doping organizations.
(E) administer foreign affairs, international intergovernmental and with Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan sports cooperation and exchange;
Organizations and organizing major international sports competitions.
(F) to major scientific and technological research in sports research and Achievements.
(7) study and formulate policy on the sports industry, the development of the sports market; for physical activity practitioners operating conditions and approval process.
(8) is responsible for national sports associations eligibility.
(Ix) other matters assigned by the State Council.
Consists of the General Office of the State Sports General Administration, the Secretary of mass sports, Sports Secretary, Sports Secretary, Policy and Regulations Department, Personnel Division, the Foreign Liaison Department, Science and Education Division, publicity, Party Committee, the Discipline Inspection Group and Supervision Bureau, Retired bureau
Directly under the State Sports General Administration Unit:
Also: Social Sports Guidance Centre, the headquarters service center, financial management and audit center, Training Council, the National Olympic Sports Center, Qingdao sailing sports school, Zhanjiang Diving Sports School, Anyang Aviation Sports School, Qinhuangdao training base, Sports Science Institute of Sports Medical Research Institute, Chinese sports newspaper headquarters, Beijing Sport University, Centre for Development of Physical Culture, Sports Information Center, foreign sports exchange center, human resources development center, sports equipment and equipment centers, sports lottery management center, sports fund management center.
Current Secretary: Liu Peng
】 【Sports Museum
Full name of the China Sports Museum. Anding Road, Chaoyang District, located at. Opened in 1990. Construction area of 7200 square meters exhibition area of 2510 square meters. Showroom is divided into ancient Chinese sports hall, sports hall of Modern China, New China's sports achievements bring honor to the Office of the Office and the Olympic Movement. Total collection of ancient and modern sports heritage of more than 4,700 pieces of precious cultural relics pictures 5000 sports sites. Ancient Chinese sports hall, sub-Qin, Han Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan and Ming 4 parts, showing the trajectory of development of sports in ancient China; Chinese modern sports hall, the performance of the Opium War in 1949 this section During the course of development of Chinese sports; sporting achievements of New China Office, with pictures, models and physical manifestations of the party and the state of the sports care, mass sports, sports facilities construction, the brilliant achievements; Olympic Games glory Office, has demonstrated China Olympic Games and the Chinese people to develop the Olympic movement's history. Hall has also held various temporary exhibitions, such as the Eleventh Asian Games sports Philatelic Exhibition; carry forward the spirit of Beijing Asian Games exhibition; bid for the 2000 Olympics Exhibition; Centennial Exhibition of the Olympic Movement, the Chinese athletes at the Barcelona show; Chinese hope the Olympics opening show; Long and physical development; new China Sports Exhibition; brilliant five years - China Sports Achievements; Olympic exhibitions in the New Century. In which the Eleventh Asian Games sports Philatelic Exhibition, featured 30 countries and regions 207, Box 1374 stamp exhibition. International Olympic Committee officials have received more than 60, including the International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch visited twice and presented souvenirs. Editor of "five thousand years of Chinese Physical Culture", "Chinese traditional sports blog," "peak of the Chinese sports world," and other works. In May 1992 by the Beijing Municipal People's Government named "Beijing Youth Education Base"; in June 1997 by the National Sports Commission named the "National Sports Commission patriotism education base."
|