lǚ yóu jīng jì（ TourismEconomy） shì zhǐ yóu lǚ yóu zhě de lǚ yóu huó dòng yǐn qǐ de， lǚ yóu zhě tóng lǚ yóu qǐ yè zhī jiān yǐ jí lǚ yóu qǐ yè tóng xiāng guān qǐ yè zhī jiān de jīng jì lián xì。 lǚ yóu qǐ yè wéi lǚ yóu zhě tí gōng xiāng yìng chī、 zhù、 xíng、 yóu、 gòu、 yú lè děng fú wù， ér lǚ yóu zhě jǐfù yī dìng bào chóu， cóng 'ér xíng chéng liǎo lǚ yóu zhě yǔ lǚ yóu qǐ yè zhī jiān de jīng jì lián xì。 lǚ yóu qǐ yè wéi 'ān pái hǎo lǚ yóu zhě de lǚ yóu huó dòng， xū yào tóng yòu guān qí tā qǐ yè huò bù mén fā shēng jīng jì lián xì。 zhè xiē jīng jì lián xì biàn gòu chéng liǎo lǚ yóu jīng jì de nèi róng， tā shì guó mín jīng jì yùn xíng de yī bù fēn。
lǚ yóu jīng jì de tè diǎn
1、 zhú bù kuān sōng de jīng jì tiáo jiàn
suí zhe jìn jǐ nián de jīng jì gǎi gé hé fā zhǎn， guó jiā hé dì fāng de cái zhèng shōu rù yòu liǎo jiào dà de zēngzhǎng， rén mín shōu rù yě zài bù duàn tí gāo， yīn cǐ yī fāng miàn kě yǐ yòu gèng duō de zī jīn yòng yú fā zhǎn lǚ yóu yè suǒ xū de zī jīn tóu rù， lìng yī fāng miàn jū mín de lǚ yóu xiāo fèi zhī chū yě yòu hěn dà de zēngzhǎng qián lì， zhè xiē liáng hǎo de shì chǎng tiáo jiàn wéi jīn hòu jǐ nián zhōng guó de lǚ yóu yè tí gōng liǎo jiào wéi kuān sōng de fā zhǎn kōng jiān。
2、 qū yú chéng shú de lǚ yóu jīng jì zhèng cè
guó jiā jìn jǐ nián dà lì zhī chí hé tuī dòng lǚ yóu yè de fā zhǎn， gè dì zhèng fǔ yě jī jí wéi hù hé tuī jìn lǚ yóu chǎn yè de fā zhǎn。 dà xī bù kāi fā zhàn lüè， gèng yǐ shēng tài jiàn shè hé huán jìng bǎo hù wéi gēn běn diǎn hé qiē rù diǎn。 zhòng shì shēng tài huán jìng bǎo hù de fāng zhēn zhèng cè tóng shí yě wéi lǚ yóu jīng jì fā zhǎn tí gōng liǎo zhèng cè xìng de zhǐ dǎo fāng xiàng。
3、 jiā kuài lǚ yóu shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè de bù fá
zhè jǐ nián， guó jiā bǎ shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè、 jié gòu tiáozhěng hé zī yuán kāi fā jié hé qǐ lái， bù duàn jiā qiáng duì zì rán shēng tài huán jìng de jiàn shè hé bǎo hù， zhì dìng liǎo《 quán guó shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè guī huá》， bìng yào qiú gè jí dì fāng zhèng fǔ， míng què jiàn shè mù biāo、 rèn wù hé zhòng diǎn， quán miàn shí shī tiān rán lín zī yuán bǎo hù gōng chéng， jīng xīn zǔ zhì shēng tài huán jìng de zōng hé zhì lǐ， shí shī tuì gēng hái lín děng gōng chéng。 jiān chí shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè yǔ shuǐ lì、 shuǐ diàn zī yuán kāi fā xiāng jié hé， yǔ fā zhǎn lín yè、 xùmù yè xiāng jié hé， yǔ lǚ yóu zī yuán kāi fā xiāng jié hé de yuán zé， cóng gēn běn shàng bǎo zhèng liǎo lǚ yóu yè de fā zhǎn。
4、 dà lì fā zhǎn dì fāng lǚ yóu jīng jì
yǐ shēn zhèn wéi dài biǎo de guó nèi lǚ yóu jīng jì chǎn yè， zài duǎn duǎn de jǐ nián shí jiān xùn měng fā zhǎn。 jù yòu yuán chuàng fēng gé de shì jiè wén huà zhù tǐ gōng yuán、 shì jiè zhī chuāng děng yōu xiù lǚ yóu jǐng diǎn， wèiguó nèi lǚ yóu yè fā zhǎn qǐ liǎo chuàng xīn hé dài tóu zuò yòng。 měi nián jiē dài dà pī guó nèi wài yóu kè， wéi gāi dì qū de jīng jì fā zhǎn qǐ liǎo xiāng dāng dà de cù jìn zuò yòng， yě shǐ rén men kàn dào lǚ yóu jīng jì zài lā dòng nèi xū、 cù jìn jīng jì fā zhǎn guò chéng zhōng suǒ qǐ de zhòng yào zuò yòng。 yán hǎi jīng jì fā dá dì dài， wú yī bù shì lǚ yóu yè fā dá dì dài。 hǎi nán、 shēn zhèn、 zhū hǎi、 dōng guǎn、 shàng hǎi、 dà lián、 qīng dǎo děng zhù míng lǚ yóu dì qū， jī jí wéi hù hé péi yù lǚ yóu jīng jì de fā zhǎn。 yóu qí shì dà lián zài jìn jǐ nián shēng míng rì shèng， bèi yù wéi “ běi fāng de xiāng gǎng ”。
5、 zǒu xiàng quán guó de lǚ yóu shì chǎng
jìn jǐ nián guó jiā jiāng jì xù jiā kuài hé fā zhǎn lǚ yóu chǎn yè， wán shàn lǚ yóu shì chǎng fǎ zhì jiàn shè， yǐ fǎ zhì lǐ hé guī fàn lǚ yóu shì chǎng zhì xù。 zài jiā qiáng shēng tài huán jìng bǎo hù hé jiàn shè de jī chǔ shàng， dà lì fā zhǎn jī chǔ shè shī jiàn shè， jiā qiáng duì háng kōng yè de tóu rù hé biāo zhǔn huà guǎn lǐ gōng zuò； duì tiě lù xì tǒng jìn xíng tí sù hé diàn qì huà gǎi zào， bìng zài xī bù dì qū zēng jiā liǎo xǔ duō zhī xiàn； gāo sù gōng lù de jiàn shè yě jiā kuài liǎo bù fá。 yǔ cǐ tóng shí， dà lì zhěng dùn lǚ yóu gōng sī jí zhōng jiè jī gòu， yǐ tí gāo fú wù zhì liàng， bǎo hù xiāo fèi zhě quán yì。 zhè xiē cuò shī duì yú kāi fā lǚ yóu zī yuán， cù jìn quán guó lǚ yóu shì chǎng de jiàn kāng fā zhǎn jù yòu zhòng yào de yì yì。
guó nèi lǚ yóu jīng jì de tóu zī fāng xiàng
1、 jī chǔ shè shī
zhōng guó de jī chǔ shè shī yǔ fā dá guó jiā xiāng bǐ xiāngchà tài yuǎn， wú lùn shì yìng jiàn shè shī， hái shì ruǎn jiàn fú wù fāng miàn dū yìng jiā dà tóu zī lì dù。 bì xū jì xù zài jiāo tōng yùn shū、 chéng shì guī huá jiàn shè、 gǎi shàn wèi shēng tiáo jiàn、 xìn xī fú wù shè shī děng fāng miàn shàng yī tái jiē cái xíng。
2、 shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè hé wéi hù
kě chí xù fā zhǎn shì lǚ yóu jīng jì fā zhǎn de zhòng zhōng zhī zhòng， zhōng guó zài shēng tài huán jìng jiàn shè hé bǎo hù fāng miàn， xū yào dà liàng de tóu zī。 zhōng guó zhèng jí xū jiě jué de shēng tài wèn tí yòu rú xià jǐ diǎn：
（ 1） sēn lín miàn jī yóu yú guò dù de làn kǎn làn fá， zhōng guó de sēn lín miàn jī měi nián yǐ 5000 Ｋ Ｍ ２ de sù dù jiǎn shǎo， sēn lín fù gài miàn jī jǐn wéi 14 ％， yuǎn yuǎn dī yú shì jiè píng jūn de 25％ de shuǐ píng。
（ 2） cǎo yuán miàn jī mù qián zhōng guó cǎo yuán de 1 ／ 3 yóu yú guò dù fàng mù， zhǐ fàng mù bù yǎng cǎo， xǔ duō cǎo yuán bèi huǐ yú yī dàn， lián hé guó kāi fā jìhuà shǔ jǐng gào chēng， zài bù cǎi qǔ jǐn jí cuò shī， dào míng nián zhōng guó cǎo yuán de shā huà shuài jiāng shàng shēng 30％， shì bì yán zhòng pò huài zài xī bù dì qū de bù fēn zì rán jǐng guān hé rén wén gǔ jì。
（ 3） zhēn xī dòng zhí wù bǎo hù yóu yú rén kǒu de zēngzhǎng， bù duàn qīn zhàn dòng wù qī xī dì， zài guó jì shàng dēng jì de 630 zhǒng bīn lín miè jué de zhēn xī dòng wù zhōng， zhōng guó yòu 56 zhǒng。
（ 4） lā jī chǔlǐ mù qián zhōng guó gè lǚ yóu chéng shì jí jǐng qū de lā jī chǔlǐ shàng wèi yòu yī wán shàn de chǔlǐ fāng fǎ hé liú chéng， měi dào lǚ yóu wàng jì， rén duō zhī shí， màn shān biàn yě， rén guò zhī chù， lā jī chéng duī， yòu dài zhì dìng cuò shī cǎi yòng fǎ lǜ xíng shì jiā yǐ guī fàn。
（ 5） dà qì wū rǎn xǔ duō chéng shì de kōng qì wū rǎn yán zhòng dào lìng rén hài pà de chéng dù。 lì rú běi jīng， zhè zuò jù yòu yōu jiǔ lì shǐ de gǔ chéng， qián bù jiǔ jù ＢＢ Ｃ bào dào de xiāo xī chēng： yóu yú yán zhòng de wū rǎn， běi jīng hěn nán kàn dào lán tiān。 xǔ duō wài guó yóu kè yī tí dào běi jīng de huán jìng wèn tí， dū wéi zhī kě xī。 yòu rú shān xī de zhù míng lǚ yóu jǐng diǎn， cóng shì qū dào jǐng diǎn de tú zhōng， yī lù yān wù téng téng， rì běn yóu kè bù dé bù dài zhe kǒu zhào zuò zài fēng bì de lǚ yóu chē lǐ， yuàn shēng sì qǐ。
3、 lǚ yóu jīng jì de fú wù yì shí
fú wù yì shí de péi yǎng， guān xì dào yī gè dì qū lǚ yóu shì chǎng de xīng wàng fā dá， yán hǎi lǚ yóu chéng shì wú bù jiāng cǐ shì wéi zhòng yào huán jié。 zhōng guó lǚ yóu jīng jì fā zhǎn de bó ruò huán jié zhī yī jiù shì quē fá fú wù yì shí， yóu kè suǒ dào zhī chù， cháng cháng bèi qī piàn hé 'āi zǎi， dǎo zhì yóu kè yě bù 'ài hù dāng dì de fēng jǐng hé shè shī， luàn rēng lā jī， luàn gē luàn huá， pò huài shè shī， xíng chéng 'è xìng xún huán。 yōu liáng de fú wù yì shí hé shuǐ píng shì bǎo chí hé wéi hù lǚ yóu shì chǎng jiàn kāng fā zhǎn de yuán quán。
4、 gǔ jiàn zhù yí jì de bǎo hù
zhōng guó zài tuī xíng chéng shì huà jiàn shè de jìn chéng zhōng， yìng xiǎo xīn jǐn shèn dì bǎo hù gǔ dài wén míng yí zhǐ yǔ zhōu biān shēng tài huán jìng， bù kě yīn chéng shì jiàn shè 'ér sǔn huài hé huǐ miè gǔ dài jiàn zhù jí yí jì。 dāng dì zhèng fǔ yào qiē shí cǎi qǔ cuò shī shǐ chéng shì jiàn shè yǔ wén wù gǔ jì de bǎo hù xié diào yī zhì。
5、 zī xún hé zhōng jiè yè
suí zhe lǚ yóu shì chǎng de fā zhǎn， zī xún yè hé zhōng jiè yè jiāng dà lì fā zhǎn。 tóng shí， wán shàn de zī xún hé zhōng jiè yè yòu lài yú dāng dì zhèng fǔ de péi yù hé guī fàn guǎn lǐ， wéi cǐ fāng néng què bǎo yóu kè zài dāng dì de lǚ yóu guò chéng zhōng， dé dào xiáng jìn hé zhèng què de xìn xī fú wù， cóng 'ér jiā dà duì yóu kè de xī yǐn lì。
zhōng guó lǚ yóu jīng jì de tiáozhěng zhòng diǎn
lǚ yóu jīng jì fā zhǎn yìng yǐ tí gāo fú wù zhì liàng hé shuǐ píng wéi zhōng xīn。 zài xiàn jiē duàn zhōng guó jīng jì fā zhǎn hé shēng huó shuǐ píng yòu suǒ tí gāo hòu， lǚ yóu shì chǎng fú wù zhì liàng hé shuǐ píng bì xū xiāng yìng tí gāo， cái néng shí xiàn lǚ yóu yè de jiào kuài zēngzhǎng， ér zhè zhǒng tí gāo bù shì hěn róng yì shí xiàn de， wǎng wǎng xū yào duì lǚ yóu shì chǎng zhōng de gè gè huán jié jiā yǐ guī fàn hé guǎn lǐ。 zài lǚ yóu shì chǎng de péi yù hé jiàn shè fāng miàn， yào yǐ tí gāo fú wù zhì liàng hé shuǐ píng wéi zhōng xīn， zhù zhòng fú wù yì shí hé fú wù xiàolǜ de tí gāo。 jù tǐ yìng zhù yì yǐ xià jǐ diǎn：
shǒu xiān， bǎ zhòng diǎn fàng zài tí gāo fú wù zhì liàng shàng。 fú wù zhì liàng de tí gāo zhù yào biǎo xiàn zài zì rán huán jìng hé rén wén huán jìng fāng miàn de jūn héng tí gāo。 zài tóu rù yòu xiàn de qíng kuàng xià， chōng fēn lì yòng yǐ yòu de zī yuán， tōng guò fú wù zhì liàng de tí gāo， lái huò qǔ zuì dà de jīng jì xiào yì， bǎo chí lǚ yóu jīng jì de kě chí xù fā zhǎn。
qí cì， zhù zhòng tí gāo lǚ yóu shì chǎng fā zhǎn de shuǐ píng。 cháng qī yǐ lái， zhōng guó yóu yú jīng jì luò hòu hé shēng huó shuǐ píng jiào dī， jī chǔ shè shī jiào chā， lǚ yóu huán jìng hé lǚ yóu shì chǎng de zhěng tǐ fú wù shuǐ píng yī zhí chǔyú yī zhǒng zàng luàn chā de zhuàng kuàng， duì lǚ yóu jīng jì de fā zhǎn jí wéi bù lì。 rú guǒ gè dì de fú wù shuǐ píng zǒng shì rú cǐ， lǚ yóu jīng jì de fā zhǎn jiāng hěn nán tí gāo。 mù qián zhōng guó de gè dì lǚ yóu shì chǎng huán jìng zhuàng kuàng bù jiā， bìng cún zài luàn tóu zī， dī shuǐ píng mó fǎng jiàn shè、 zhì zào rén wén jǐng diǎn de xiàn xiàng（ lì rú běi jīng de shì jiè gōng yuán）。 zhǐ yòu zài chuàng xīn hé guǎn lǐ shàng yòu jiào dà tí gāo， cái néng bǎo zhèng lǚ yóu jīng jì de shìdàng fā zhǎn。
lǚ yóu jīng jì de zuò yòng
1、 zēng jiā guó jiā wài huì shōu rù， píng héng shōu zhī
suí zhe guó jì zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 wén huà jiāo liú fā zhǎn， zuò wéi guó jiā zhī fù shǒu duàn de wài huì， qí zuò yòng rì yì xiǎn zhù。 zuò wéi wài huì shōu rù de lǚ yóu yè zài guó jiā chuàng huì， píng héng guó jì shōu zhī fāng miàn qǐ dào liǎo zhòng yào zuò yòng， zhè yǐ jīng wéi gè guó shí jiàn suǒ zhèng míng， wéi rén men suǒ rèn shí。 rén kǒu 3900 wàn， miàn jī 50 píng fāng gōng lǐ de xī bān yá， shì shì jiè dì yī gè lǚ yóu dà guó， bèi chēng wéi“ lǚ yóu wáng guó”。 tā chōng fēn lì yòng qí dé tiān dú hòu de zì rán huán jìng； yáng guāng、 hǎi shuǐ、 shā tān de yōu shì yǐ jí yī liú de fú wù xī yǐn lái zì shì jiè gè dì de yóu kè。 1972 nián zhì 1977 nián， gāi guó lǚ yóu shōu rù píng jūn zhàn quán bù chū kǒu shōu rù de 26%， qí zhōng 1975 nián， xī bān yá jìn chū kǒu mào yì nì chā dá 78 yì měi yuán， ér lǚ yóu shōu rù 31 yì měi yuán， bǔ cháng liǎo 40% mào yì nì chā。 lǚ yóu yè fā dá de ruì shì yě rú cǐ。
2、 huí lóng huò bì， jī lěi zī jīn
lǚ yóu shōu rù de lìng yī zhòng yào bù fēn shì guó nèi lǚ yóu shōu rù。 guó nèi lǚ yóu shōu rù duì yú guó jiā huí lóng huò bì， jī lěi zī jīn qǐ zhe jī jí de zuò yòng。 jù tǒng jì， wǒ guó zài qún zhòng shǒu lǐ de jié yú zī jīn chāo guò 2 wàn yì rén mín bì， ér qiě měi nián yǐ 30% zuǒ yòu fú dù zēngzhǎng。 rú hé yǐn dǎo xiāo fèi， gèng yòu xiào dì huí lóng huò bì， qú dào hěn duō， ér lǚ yóu jiù shì yī gè xīn de qú dào。 suí zhe rén men wù zhì shēng huó shuǐ píng de tí gāo， xián jiǎ shí jiān de zēng duō， rén men duì jīng shén de xū qiú hé xiāo fèi rì yì pò qiē。
shì shí shàng， wǒ guó guó nèi lǚ yóu yè yǐ jīng chū xiàn liǎo xùn měng fā zhǎn de shì tóu， qí jīng jì zuò yòng yě rì yì xiǎn zhù。 jù tǒng jì， 1985 nián， wǒ guó guó nèi lǚ yóu rén shù yuē 2.4 yì rén cì， zǒng shōu rù 80 yì yuán， dào 94 nián， guó nèi lǚ yóu diǎn rén shù shàng shēng dào 5.24 yì rén cì， zǒng xiāo fèi wéi 1023.5 yì rén mín bì。
3、 dài dòng xiāng guān hángyè cù jìn dì qū jīng jì fā zhǎn
jù fǎ guó lǚ yóu yè xié huì zhù xí fěi lì pǔ · bāng bèi 'ěr rè fēn xī：“ 43% de lǚ guǎn、 kā fēi diàn hé fàn diàn de shōu yì， tóng lǚ yóu zhí jiē yòu guān； háng kōng yùn shū shōu yì de 42% tóng lǚ yóu yòu guān， tiě lù yùn shū shōu yì de 23%、 qì chē de 12%、 nóng yè de 8%、 jiàn zhù yè de 6% tóng lǚ yóu yè yòu guān。”
lǚ yóu yè shì yī gè zōng hé xìng hěn qiáng de chǎn yè， chī、 zhù、 xíng、 yóu、 gòu、 yú shì lǚ yóu de liù dà yào sù。 yào yòu chī、 yòu zhù、 jìn dé lái， chū dé qù， yòu wù kě gòu， yòu chù qù lè。 yīn cǐ， lǚ yóu de fā zhǎn， bì rán bù duàn dài dòng yǔ zhè yào sù zhí jiē xiāng guān de yǐn shí、 jiàn zhù、 jiāo tōng、 yóu diàn tōng xùn、 yuán lín、 shāng yè、 qīng fǎng、 bǎo xiǎn děng hángyè de fā zhǎn。
jù 'ào dà lì yà guān fāng tǒng jì， lǚ yóu yè shè jí 29 gè jīng jì bù mén zhōng de 108 gè xíng yè。 jǐn yǐ jiàn zhù yè wéi lì， shí duō nián qián， zhù diàn nán zài wǒ guó xǔ duō chéng shì shì pǔ biàn xiàn xiàng， nà shí rén men zài wài yòu gè dì fāng zhù jiù suàn bù cuò， yòu de shèn zhì zài chē zhàn guò yè。 dàn duǎn duǎn shí jǐ nián， dào 1998 nián dǐ wǒ guó yǐ yòu gè lèi lǚ diàn 21 wàn jiā， shè wài fàn diàn yuē 4000 jiā， xīng jí fàn diàn 2000 duō jiā， qí zhōng wǔ xīng jí 45 jiā， sì xīng jí 117 jiā， sān xīng jí jìn 1000 duō jiā， èr xīng jí hé yī xīng jí 1000 duō jiā。 yóu kè zhù de dì fāng shù liàng duō， dàng cì quán， zài yǐ bù shì yuán lái de qíng jǐng liǎo。 qī jiān jiàn zhù yè huò dé de fā zhǎn kě yǐ xiǎng xiàng。
měi guó xià wēi yí de wǎ hú dǎo， kāi fā qián shì yī piàn huāng liáng de hǎi tān， wǔ shí nián dài wéi lǚ yóu qū hòu， jiàn chéng de lǚ yóu、 shāng yè jiē， mì bù xiǎo dǎo。 mù qián， gāi dǎo yǐ chéng wéi nián jiē dài shì jiè lǚ yóu zhě yuē 400 wàn rén cì de shì jiè zhù míng lǚ yóu qū。 jiàn zhù yè de fā zhǎn， yòu dài dòng yǔ zhī xiāng pèi tào de shuǐ、 diàn、 méi qì、 ài qì、 tōng xùn děng hángyè， fàn diàn nèi de zhuāng shì、 jiā jù、 cān yǐn、 wèi shēng yòng pǐn děng děng， gōng yè jí suǒ xū de nóng chǎn pǐn de shēng chǎn zì rán yě xiāng yìng dì fā zhǎn qǐ lái， qí lián suǒ xiào yìng shì jù dà de。
yóu kè měi dào yī dì zǒng yào mǎi xiē jì niàn pǐn、 tǔ tè chǎn děng dài huí qù。 jí lǚ yóu yào sù zhōng de“ gòu”， lǚ yóu duì shāng pǐn de xū qiú dài dòng liǎo gōng yì pǐn、 jì niàn pǐn jí yòu mín zú tè sè de chǎn pǐn de shēng chǎn yǔ kāi fā。 jù cè suàn yī wèi lǚ kè zài yì guó lǚ xíng gòu wù suǒ huā fèi yòng yī bān yuē quán bù lǚ fèi de 1/2。 lǚ yóu yè de fā zhǎn duì xiāng guān chǎn yè de dài dòng zuò yòng kě yòng yī jù huà lái gài kuò， jí“ yī yè xīng bǎi yè wàng”。
4、 zēng jiā jiù yè jī huì
yóu yú lǚ yóu yè cù jìn liǎo xǔ duō hángyè de fā zhǎn， shǐ zhěng gè shè huì jiù yè jī huì zēng duō。 lǚ yóu yè shì yī zhǒng zōng hé xìng de hángyè， tā bù dàn néng zhí jiē xiàng shè huì tí gōng jiù yè jī huì， ér qiě néng jiànjiē dì wéi shè huì tí gōng jiù yè jī huì。 àn guó jì de xí guàn cè suàn， lǚ yóu yè zhí jiē jiù yè yǔ jiànjiē jiù yè de rén yuán bǐ lì dà yuē wéi 1： 5。 měi zēng jiā lǚ yóu yè de yī jiān kè fáng， kě yǐ zhí jiē tí gōng 0.75 de jiù yè jī huì， bìng jiànjiē dì wéi 2.5 rén zài yòu guān bù mén（ fàn diàn、 shāng yè、 jiāo tōng yè） tí gōng jiù yè jī huì。 mù qián， wǒ shì zhí jiē cóng shì lǚ yóu yè gōng zuò de rén shù yǐ dá 3 wàn zhī duō， jiànjiē de dá 20 wàn， zhàn quán shì zǒng rén kǒu de wǔ fēn zhī yī。
5、 lǚ yóu jīng jì de fú pín gōng néng
lǚ yóu yè shì jiàn xiào kuài、 yǒng jiǔ xìng de fú pín kāi fā xiàng mù。 cóng guó jì guó nèi lǚ yóu yè de fā zhǎn guò chéng kě yǐ kàn chū， lǚ yóu yè fā zhǎn de sù dù， yuǎn yuǎn kuài yú gè zhǒng chǎn yè fā zhǎn de sù dù。 lǚ yóu shì dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn yǐ hòu cái chéng wéi yī gè chǎn yè de， zài bù dào bàn gè shì jì de shí jiān lǐ， jiù xùn sù fā zhǎn chéng shì jiè dì yī dà chǎn yè。 zhè zhǒng fā zhǎn sù dù， shì rèn hé yī gè chǎn yè dū nán yǐ bǐ nǐ de。 lín jìn wǒ men guó jiā de xīn jiā pō hé tài guó， jīng guò bù dào 20 nián de kǔ xīn jīng yíng， jiù fā zhǎn chéng wéi yà zhōu de lǚ yóu qiáng guó， chéng wéi shì jiè zhù míng de lǚ yóu shèng dì。 wǒ guó shǎo shù mín zú dì qū de xǔ duō lǚ yóu diǎn， yě shì zài hěn duǎn de shí jiān nèi rè qǐ lái de。 rú yún nán de xī shuāng bǎn nà hé dé hóng， sì chuān de jiǔ zhài gōu， hú nán de zhāng jiā jiè， guì zhōu de lóng gōng， cóng kāi fā、 xuān chuán dào biàn chéng rè diǎn， dū zhǐ yòu jǐ nián de shí jiān。 guǎng xī de běi hǎi gèng kuài， jǐn liǎng、 sān nián jiù rè qǐ lái liǎo， 1992 nián yóu kè yǐ dá 150 wàn rén。 jiào xiǎo de lǚ yóu diǎn rú lóng shèng de yī gè wēn quán， yī piàn tī tián； róng shuǐ de yī duàn bèi jiāng， kāi fā yī、 liǎng nián jiù fēn bié yǐn lái liǎo shí yú wàn yóu kè。 yóu yú rén men lǚ yóu yù wàng de qiáng liè， xìn xī chuán dì de xiàn dài huà hé jiāo tōng gōng jù de fā dá， suǒ kāi fā de lǚ yóu qū zhǐ yào yòu dú tè de jǐng guān hé fēng fù de nèi róng， néng mǎn zú rén men yào qiú， bìng bǎ xuān chuán gōng zuò zuò dào wǔ zhōu sì hǎi， qiān jiā wàn hù， jiù kě yǐ zài jiào duǎn de shí jiān nèi dà jiàn chéng xiào， bìng qiě biàn chéng yǒng jiǔ xìng de cái yuán。 yīn cǐ， lǚ yóu yè shì duǎn、 píng、 kuài， yǒng jiǔ xìng de fú pín kāi fā xiàng mù。
Tourism economy (Tourism Economy) is caused by the tourists, tourism, and tourists with tourism enterprises and tourism-related business enterprises and economic ties between. Tourism enterprises to provide corresponding tourists eating, living, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment and other services, while tourists pay a certain return, creating a tourist and economic links between tourism enterprises. Travel arrangements for business travelers to tourist activities, need to work with other enterprises or departments in the economic ties. These economic ties constitute the content of the tourism economy, which is part of the national economy.
The characteristics of tourism economy
1, gradually easing the economic conditions
With the recent years of economic reform and development of national and local financial incomes are growing larger, people are constantly Tigao Shouru, so more money on the one hand Ke Yi Yong Yu development Lvyou Ye Suoxu the capital Touru On the other hand residents tourism consumption expenditure had a great growth potential, these favorable market conditions for the next few years China's tourism industry provides a more generous space for development.
2, more mature tourism economic policies
Countries to vigorously support and promote tourism development, local governments also actively maintain and promote the tourism industry. Great western development strategy, more to ecological construction and environmental protection as a fundamental point and entry point. Attention to ecological and environmental protection policies of economic development but also provide for tourism policy-orientation.
3, to speed up the pace of tourism ecological environment
In recent years, the state of the ecological environment construction, structural adjustment and resources to exploitation of them, constantly strengthening the natural ecological environment construction and Bao Hu, formulated the "National Ecological Environment Construction Planning" and called Geji local governments, Mingque construction Mubiao, tasks and priorities, the full implementation of natural forest protection project, a comprehensive well-organized management of the ecological environment, returning farmland to forest and other projects implemented. Adhere to the ecological environment and water resources, water resources development, integration, and development of forestry, animal husbandry combined with tourism, the principle of combining resources development, a fundamental guarantee for the development of tourism.
4, to develop the local tourism economy
5, to the country's tourism market
In recent years the state will continue to accelerate and develop the tourism industry, improve the tourism market and legal system, rule by law and regulate the tourism market order. Strengthen ecological protection and construction, based on to develop infrastructure, strengthen investment in the aviation industry and standardization management; on the electrification of the railway system speed and transformation, and an increase in the number of extension in the western region; highway construction also accelerated the pace. At the same time great efforts to consolidate tourism companies and intermediary institutions to improve service quality, protect consumer interests. These measures for the development of tourism resources and promote the healthy development of the national tourism market of great importance.
Domestic tourism investment in the direction of the economy
1, infrastructure
China's infrastructure and far from the developed countries, whether hardware or software services should be increased investment. Must continue in transport, urban planning and construction, improve health conditions, and information services such as the last step Caixing.
2, the ecological environment construction and maintenance
Sustainable development is the top priority of economic development, tourism, China's ecological environment construction and protection, will require significant investment. China is in urgent need to solve ecological problems are the following:
(1) forest area due to excessive deforestation, forest area in China to 5000KM2 annual rate of reduction in forest cover only 14%, far below the world average of 25% level.
(2) grassland steppe of China's current 1 / 3 due to excessive grazing, grazing not only raise grass, many grasslands are destroyed, United Nations Development Programme warned, do not take urgent measures to grassland desertification in China next year, the rate will rise 30%, it will seriously undermine the western part of the natural landscape and cultural heritage.
(3) the protection of rare plant and animal population growth, and constantly occupied habitat in the international registration of 630 kinds of rare and endangered animals, China has 56 species.
(4) waste present, China tourist cities and scenic spots not yet have a comprehensive waste treatment methods and processes, each of the tourist season, when many people of the hills, people their path, garbage piles, the measures to be developed by law forms and regulations.
(5) air pollution a serious air pollution in many cities to frightening proportions. Such as Beijing, has a long history of this ancient city, long ago, according to BBC news reports: due to serious pollution, Beijing is difficult to see the blue sky. Many foreign tourists at the mention of Beijing's environmental problems, all whom pity. Another example of Shanxi's well-known tourist attractions, from downtown to the attractions on the way, the way the smoky tavern, Japanese tourists have to travel wearing a mask sitting in a closed car, loudly complaining.
3, tourism economy of service
Service awareness, related to the prosperity of the tourism market in a region, the coastal tourist city are all regarded as an important part of this. China's economic development, tourism is one weak link is the lack of service awareness, tourists everywhere he went, often deceived, and Ai Zai, leading visitors in the care of the local landscape and facilities, littering, indiscriminate cutting plan chaos, destruction facilities a vicious circle. Excellent service and level of consciousness is to maintain and safeguard the healthy development of the tourism market source.
4, the protection of ancient architectural monuments
Construction of China in the implementation of the process of urbanization should be carefully 保护 ruins of ancient civilizations and peripheral ecological environment will not be any urban construction from damage and destruction of ancient buildings and archaeological sites. The local government should take practical measures to make urban development consistent with the protection of cultural relics.
5, consulting and intermediary business
With the tourism market development, consulting and intermediary industry will develop. Meanwhile, the sound advice and intermediation depends on nurturing and regulating local government management, the most important matter to ensure that tourists can only travel in the local process to obtain detailed and accurate information services, thereby increasing its attractiveness to tourists.
Adjustment of China's tourism economy focus
Tourism Economic Development should improve service quality and level of the center. At this stage, China's economic development and improved living standards, the tourism market and level of service quality must be raised accordingly in order to achieve rapid growth of tourism, and this increase is not very easy to implement and often require travel market to regulate all aspects and management. In the nurturing and development of the tourism market, it is necessary to improve service quality and level of the center, focusing on service awareness and service efficiency. Concrete should note the following:
First of all, to focus on improving service quality. Improve the quality of services mainly in the natural and human environment, to improve the balance. In the case of limited investment, the full use of existing resources, through the improvement of service quality, to maximize economic benefits, to maintain the sustainable development of tourism economy.
Second, pay attention to improving the level of development of the tourism market. A long time, due to economic backwardness and low living standards, poor infrastructure, tourism, environment and tourism market, the overall level of service has been in a situation of College Students Donate Sperm, on the tourism economy of those areas. If the level of service around the always the case, the development of tourism economy will be difficult to improve. China's current poor state of the environment around the tourism market, and there is chaos investment, low copy construction, manufacturing human attraction phenomena (such as Beijing World Park). Only in innovation and management has improved greatly in order to ensure the proper development of tourism economy.
The role of tourism economy
1, increase national foreign exchange earnings, balance of payments
2, the currency withdrawn from circulation, accumulation of capital
Another important part of tourism income is the income from tourism. Income from domestic tourism currency withdrawn from circulation for the nation, plays an active role in the accumulation of funds. According to statistics, China's savings from the hands of the masses more than 2 trillion yuan, and annual growth rate of 30%. How to guide consumption, more efficient currency withdrawn from circulation, there are many channels, and tourism is a new channel. With the improvement of people's living standards, the increase in leisure time off, the spirit of the people on the increasingly urgent demand and consumption.
In fact, China's domestic tourism has emerged in the momentum of rapid development, its economic role is increasingly significant. According to statistics, in 1985, the number of domestic tourism in China is 2.4 million passengers, the total income of 8.0 billion, to 94 years, the number of domestic tourist trips rose to 524 million, total consumption was 102.35 billion yuan.
3, lead related industries to promote regional economic development
According to the French Tourism Association, 席菲利普邦 Bell thermal analysis: "43% of the hotels, cafes and restaurants of the benefits, directly related with tourism; air transport income of 42% with tourism-related, 23% of rail receipts, car 12%, agriculture 8%, 6% of the construction industry with the tourism industry. "
Tourism is a very complex industry, food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment are the six elements of tourism. Have to eat, live, get in, be allowed to leave empty-can buy, there are Department to music. Therefore, tourism development, must continue to lead and this factor directly related to food, construction, transportation, telecommunications, garden, commercial, textile, insurance and other industries.
According to official statistics, Australia, 29 economic sectors involved in tourism in the 108 industry. Only the construction industry, for example, ten years ago, difficult to stay in our country is a common phenomenon in many cities, when people are out there is even a good place to live, and some even spend the night at the station. But in the ten years to the end of 1998 China has all kinds of hotels 210 000 foreign-related hotel about 4000, more than 2,000 star-rated hotels, including 45 five-star, 117 four-star, three-star nearly more than 1000 home, two star and one star more than 1,000. Large number of visitors a place to live, all grades, no longer the scene of the original. Obtained during the development of the construction industry can imagine.
Hawaii island of Oahu, before the development is a desolate beach, 50 years after a tourist resort, built in the tourism, commercial street, clouds island. Currently, the island has become a tourist in the world received about 400 million people world-famous tourist area. Construction industry, but also bring with matched water, electricity, gas, heating gas, telecommunications and other industries, hotels in the decoration, furniture, food, health supplies, etc., industrial and agricultural products needed for the production of the corresponding naturally to develop, its knock-on effect is enormous.
Tourists arrived at a place always to buy some souvenirs, souvenirs and so on back. The tourism elements of the "Share", the tourism demand for commodities driven crafts, souvenirs, and there are national characteristics of the production and development. It is estimated that a passenger traveling in a foreign country usually spend on shopping for travel around all of the 1 / 2. The development of tourism related industries leading role can be summarized in one sentence, that "a prosperous industry of better business."
4, increase job opportunities
As the tourism industry to promote the development of many industries, increasing employment opportunities for the whole community. Tourism is an integrated industry, it will not only provide direct employment opportunities to the community, but also indirectly provide employment opportunities for the community. Calculated in accordance with international custom, direct employment and indirect tourism employment staff ratio of about 1:5. One for every room of tourism, can provide direct employment opportunities for 0.75, and, indirectly, to 2.5 in the relevant departments (restaurant, commercial, transportation) to provide employment opportunities. Currently, the city directly involved in the tourism industry that the number has reached 30000 as many indirect 20 million, accounting for one fifth of the total population of the city.
5, pro-poor tourism economy functions
Tourism is a quick, permanent poverty alleviation and development projects. From the development of international and domestic tourism can be seen that the speed of tourism development, much faster than the speed of development of various industries. Tourism is an industry after World War II became, in less than half a century, it quickly developed into the world's largest industry. This growth rate is hardly any comparable industry. Our neighboring countries Singapore and Thailand, after less than 20 years of painstaking efforts, on the development of tourism in Asia power, a world famous tourist destination. Many ethnic minority areas in China tourist spots, is in a very short time heat up. Such as Xishuangbanna and Dehong Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, Guizhou, underwater, from the development, promotion to become a hot spot, are only a few years time. Guangxi Beihai faster, only two or three years on the heat up in 1992 reached 150 million visitors. Smaller tourist spots such as the Longsheng a spa, a terrace; melt water of a shell River, develop a couple of years drew on more than ten million visitors, respectively. Because people desire a strong tourism, modern information transmission and transport developed, the development of tourism as long as there is a unique landscape and rich content, to satisfy requirements, and to do publicity Continental seas, thousands of families, can be large in a relatively short period of time paid off, and become a permanent source of income. Therefore, tourism is a short, flat, fast, permanent poverty alleviation and development projects.
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