旅遊經濟（Tourism Economy）是指由旅遊者的旅遊活動引起的，旅遊者同旅遊企業之間以及旅遊企業同相關企業之間的經濟聯繫。旅遊企業為旅遊者提供相應吃、住、行、遊、購、娛樂等服務，而旅遊者給付一定報酬，從而形成了旅遊者與旅遊企業之間的經濟聯繫。旅遊企業為安排好旅遊者的旅遊活動，需要同有關其他企業或部門發生經濟聯繫。這些經濟聯繫便構成了旅遊經濟的內容，它是國民經濟運行的一部分。
旅遊經濟的特點
1、逐步寬鬆的經濟條件
隨着近幾年的經濟改革和發展，國傢和地方的財政收入有了較大的增長，人民收入也在不斷提高，因此一方面可以有更多的資金用於發展旅遊業所需的資金投入，另一方面居民的旅遊消費支出也有很大的增長潛力，這些良好的市場條件為今後幾年中國的旅遊業提供了較為寬鬆的發展空間。
2、趨於成熟的旅遊經濟政策
國傢近幾年大力支持和推動旅遊業的發展，各地政府也積極維護和推進旅遊産業的發展。大西部開發戰略，更以生態建設和環境保護為根本點和切入點。重視生態環境保護的方針政策同時也為旅遊經濟發展提供了政策性的指導方向。
3、加快旅遊生態環境建設的步伐
這幾年，國傢把生態環境建設、結構調整和資源開發結合起來，不斷加強對自然生態環境的建設和保護，製定了《全國生態環境建設規劃》，並要求各級地方政府，明確建設目標、任務和重點，全面實施天然林資源保護工程，精心組織生態環境的綜合治理，實施退耕還林等工程。堅持生態環境建設與水利、水電資源開發相結合，與發展林業、畜牧業相結合，與旅遊資源開發相結合的原則，從根本上保證了旅遊業的發展。
4、大力發展地方旅遊經濟
以深圳為代表的國內旅遊經濟産業，在短短的幾年時間迅猛發展。具有原創風格的世界文化主體公園、世界之窗等優秀旅遊景點，為國內旅遊業發展起了創新和帶頭作用。每年接待大批國內外遊客，為該地區的經濟發展起了相當大的促進作用，也使人們看到旅遊經濟在拉動內需、促進經濟發展過程中所起的重要作用。沿海經濟發達地帶，無一不是旅遊業發達地帶。海南、深圳、珠海、東莞、上海、大連、青島等著名旅遊地區，積極維護和培育旅遊經濟的發展。尤其是大連在近幾年聲名日盛，被譽為“北方的香港”。
5、走嚮全國的旅遊市場
近幾年國傢將繼續加快和發展旅遊産業，完善旅遊市場法製建設，依法治理和規範旅遊市場秩序。在加強生態環境保護和建設的基礎上，大力發展基礎設施建設，加強對航空業的投入和標準化管理工作；對鐵路係統進行提速和電氣化改造，並在西部地區增加了許多支綫；高速公路的建設也加快了步伐。與此同時，大力整頓旅遊公司及中介機構，以提高服務質量，保護消費者權益。這些措施對於開發旅遊資源，促進全國旅遊市場的健康發展具有重要的意義。
國內旅遊經濟的投資方向
1、基礎設施
中國的基礎設施與發達國傢相比相差太遠，無論是硬件設施，還是軟件服務方面都應加大投資力度。必須繼續在交通運輸、城市規劃建設、改善衛生條件、信息服務設施等方面上一臺階纔行。
2、生態環境建設和維護
可持續發展是旅遊經濟發展的重中之重，中國在生態環境建設和保護方面，需要大量的投資。中國正急需解决的生態問題有如下幾點：
（1）森林面積由於過度的濫砍濫伐，中國的森林面積每年以5000ＫＭ２的速度減少，森林覆蓋面積僅為14％，遠遠低於世界平均的25％的水平。
（2）草原面積目前中國草原的1／3由於過度放牧，衹放牧不養草，許多草原被毀於一旦，聯合國開發計劃署警告稱，再不采取緊急措施，到明年中國草原的沙化率將上升30％，勢必嚴重破壞在西部地區的部分自然景觀和人文古跡。
（3）珍稀動植物保護由於人口的增長，不斷侵占動物棲息地，在國際上登記的630種瀕臨滅絶的珍稀動物中，中國有56種。
（4）垃圾處理目前中國各旅遊城市及景區的垃圾處理尚未有一完善的處理方法和流程，每到旅遊旺季，人多之時，漫山遍野，人過之處，垃圾成堆，有待製定措施采用法律形式加以規範。
（5）大氣污染許多城市的空氣污染嚴重到令人害怕的程度。例如北京，這座具有悠久歷史的古城，前不久據ＢＢＣ報道的消息稱：由於嚴重的污染，北京很難看到藍天。許多外國遊客一提到北京的環境問題，都為之可惜。又如山西的著名旅遊景點，從市區到景點的途中，一路煙霧騰騰，日本遊客不得不戴着口罩坐在封閉的旅遊車裏，怨聲四起。
3、旅遊經濟的服務意識
服務意識的培養，關係到一個地區旅遊市場的興旺發達，沿海旅遊城市無不將此視為重要環節。中國旅遊經濟發展的薄弱環節之一就是缺乏服務意識，遊客所到之處，常常被欺騙和挨宰，導致遊客也不愛護當地的風景和設施，亂扔垃圾，亂割亂劃，破壞設施，形成惡性循環。優良的服務意識和水平是保持和維護旅遊市場健康發展的源泉。
4、古建築遺跡的保護
中國在推行城市化建設的進程中，應小心謹慎地保護古代文明遺址與周邊生態環境，不可因城市建設而損壞和毀滅古代建築及遺跡。當地政府要切實采取措施使城市建設與文物古跡的保護協調一致。
5、咨詢和中介業
隨着旅遊市場的發展，咨詢業和中介業將大力發展。同時，完善的咨詢和中介業有賴於當地政府的培育和規範管理，唯此方能確保遊客在當地的旅遊過程中，得到詳盡和正確的信息服務，從而加大對遊客的吸引力。
中國旅遊經濟的調整重點
旅遊經濟發展應以提高服務質量和水平為中心。在現階段中國經濟發展和生活水平有所提高後，旅遊市場服務質量和水平必須相應提高，才能實現旅遊業的較快增長，而這種提高不是很容易實現的，往往需要對旅遊市場中的各個環節加以規範和管理。在旅遊市場的培育和建設方面，要以提高服務質量和水平為中心，註重服務意識和服務效率的提高。具體應註意以下幾點：
首先，把重點放在提高服務質量上。服務質量的提高主要表現在自然環境和人文環境方面的均衡提高。在投入有限的情況下，充分利用已有的資源，通過服務質量的提高，來獲取最大的經濟效益，保持旅遊經濟的可持續發展。
其次，註重提高旅遊市場發展的水平。長期以來，中國由於經濟落後和生活水平較低，基礎設施較差，旅遊環境和旅遊市場的整體服務水平一直處於一種髒亂差的狀況，對旅遊經濟的發展極為不利。如果各地的服務水平總是如此，旅遊經濟的發展將很難提高。目前中國的各地旅遊市場環境狀況不佳，並存在亂投資，低水平模仿建設、製造人文景點的現象（例如北京的世界公園）。衹有在創新和管理上有較大提高，才能保證旅遊經濟的適當發展。
旅遊經濟的作用
1、增加國傢外匯收入，平衡收支
隨着國際政治、經濟、文化交流發展，作為國傢支付手段的外匯，其作用日益顯著。作為外匯收入的旅遊業在國傢創匯，平衡國際收支方面起到了重要作用，這已經為各國實踐所證明，為人們所認識。人口3900萬，面積50平方公裏的西班牙，是世界第一個旅遊大國，被稱為“旅遊王國”。它充分利用其得天獨厚的自然環境；陽光、海水、沙灘的優勢以及一流的服務吸引來自世界各地的遊客。1972年至1977年，該國旅遊收入平均占全部出口收入的 26%，其中1975年，西班牙進出口貿易逆差達78億美元，而旅遊收入31億美元，補償了40%貿易逆差。旅遊業發達的瑞士也如此。
2、回籠貨幣，積纍資金
旅遊收入的另一重要部分是國內旅遊收入。國內旅遊收入對於國傢回籠貨幣，積纍資金起着積極的作用。據統計，我國在群衆手裏的節餘資金超過2萬億人民幣，而且每年以30%左右幅度增長。如何引導消費，更有效地回籠貨幣，渠道很多，而旅遊就是一個新的渠道。隨着人們物質生活水平的提高，閑假時間的增多，人們對精神的需求和消費日益迫切。
事實上，我國國內旅遊業已經出現了迅猛發展的勢頭，其經濟作用也日益顯著。據統計，1985年，我國國內旅遊人數約2.4億人次，總收入80億元，到94年，國內旅遊點人數上升到5.24億人次，總消費為1023.5億人民幣。
3、帶動相關行業促進地區經濟發展
據法國旅遊業協會主席菲利普·邦貝爾熱分析：“43%的旅館、咖啡店和飯店的收益，同旅遊直接有關；航空運輸收益的42%同旅遊有關，鐵路運輸收益的23%、汽車的12%、農業的8%、建築業的6%同旅遊業有關。”
旅遊業是一個綜合性很強的産業，吃、住、行、遊、購、娛是旅遊的六大要素。要有吃、有住、進得來，出得去，有物可購，有處去樂。因此，旅遊的發展，必然不斷帶動與這要素直接相關的飲食、建築、交通、郵電通訊、園林、商業、輕紡、保險等行業的發展。
據澳大利亞官方統計，旅遊業涉及29個經濟部門中的108個行業。僅以建築業為例，十多年前，住店難在我國許多城市是普遍現象，那時人們在外有個地方住就算不錯，有的甚至在車站過夜。但短短十幾年，到1998年底我國已有各類旅店21萬傢，涉外飯店約4000傢，星級飯店2000多傢，其中五星級45傢，四星級117傢，三星級近1000多傢，二星級和一星級1000多傢。遊客住的地方數量多，檔次全，再已不是原來的情景了。期間建築業獲得的發展可以想象。
美國夏威夷的瓦鬍島，開發前是一片荒涼的海灘，五十年代為旅遊區後，建成的旅遊、商業街，密佈小島。目前，該島已成為年接待世界旅遊者約400萬人次的世界著名旅遊區。建築業的發展，又帶動與之相配套的水、電、煤氣、曖氣、通訊等行業，飯店內的裝飾、傢俱、餐飲、衛生用品等等，工業及所需的農産品的生産自然也相應地發展起來，其連鎖效應是巨大的。
遊客每到一地總要買些紀念品、土特産等帶回去。即旅遊要素中的“購”，旅遊對商品的需求帶動了工藝品、紀念品及有民族特色的産品的生産與開發。據測算一位旅客在異國旅行購物所花費用一般約全部旅費的1/2。旅遊業的發展對相關産業的帶動作用可用一句話來概括，即“一業興百業旺”。
4、增加就業機會
由於旅遊業促進了許多行業的發展，使整個社會就業機會增多。旅遊業是一種綜合性的行業，它不但能直接嚮社會提供就業機會，而且能間接地為社會提供就業機會。按國際的習慣測算，旅遊業直接就業與間接就業的人員比例大約為1：5。每增加旅遊業的一間客房，可以直接提供0.75的就業機會，並間接地為2.5人在有關部門（飯店、商業、交通業）提供就業機會。目前，我市直接從事旅遊業工作的人數已達3萬之多，間接的達20萬，占全市總人口的五分之一。
5、旅遊經濟的扶貧功能
旅遊業是見效快、永久性的扶貧開發項目。從國際國內旅遊業的發展過程可以看出，旅遊業發展的速度，遠遠快於各種産業發展的速度。旅遊是第二次世界大戰以後纔成為一個産業的，在不到半個世紀的時間裏，就迅速發展成世界第一大産業。這種發展速度，是任何一個産業都難以比擬的。鄰近我們國傢的新加坡和泰國，經過不到20年的苦心經營，就發展成為亞洲的旅遊強國，成為世界著名的旅遊勝地。我國少數民族地區的許多旅遊點，也是在很短的時間內熱起來的。如雲南的西雙版納和德宏，四川的九寨溝，湖南的張傢界，貴州的竜宮，從開發、宣傳到變成熱點，都衹有幾年的時間。廣西的北海更快，僅兩、三年就熱起來了，1992年遊客已達150萬人。較小的旅遊點如竜勝的一個溫泉，一片梯田；融水的一段貝江，開發一、兩年就分別引來了十餘萬遊客。由於人們旅遊欲望的強烈，信息傳遞的現代化和交通工具的發達，所開發的旅遊區衹要有獨特的景觀和豐富的內容，能滿足人們要求，並把宣傳工作做到五洲四海，千傢萬戶，就可以在較短的時間內大見成效，並且變成永久性的財源。因此，旅遊業是短、平、快，永久性的扶貧開發項目。
Tourism economy (Tourism Economy) is caused by the tourists, tourism, and tourists with tourism enterprises and tourism-related business enterprises and economic ties between. Tourism enterprises to provide corresponding tourists eating, living, transportation, travel, shopping, entertainment and other services, while tourists pay a certain return, creating a tourist and economic links between tourism enterprises. Travel arrangements for business travelers to tourist activities, need to work with other enterprises or departments in the economic ties. These economic ties constitute the content of the tourism economy, which is part of the national economy.
The characteristics of tourism economy
1, gradually easing the economic conditions
With the recent years of economic reform and development of national and local financial incomes are growing larger, people are constantly Tigao Shouru, so more money on the one hand Ke Yi Yong Yu development Lvyou Ye Suoxu the capital Touru On the other hand residents tourism consumption expenditure had a great growth potential, these favorable market conditions for the next few years China's tourism industry provides a more generous space for development.
2, more mature tourism economic policies
Countries to vigorously support and promote tourism development, local governments also actively maintain and promote the tourism industry. Great western development strategy, more to ecological construction and environmental protection as a fundamental point and entry point. Attention to ecological and environmental protection policies of economic development but also provide for tourism policy-orientation.
3, to speed up the pace of tourism ecological environment
In recent years, the state of the ecological environment construction, structural adjustment and resources to exploitation of them, constantly strengthening the natural ecological environment construction and Bao Hu, formulated the "National Ecological Environment Construction Planning" and called Geji local governments, Mingque construction Mubiao, tasks and priorities, the full implementation of natural forest protection project, a comprehensive well-organized management of the ecological environment, returning farmland to forest and other projects implemented. Adhere to the ecological environment and water resources, water resources development, integration, and development of forestry, animal husbandry combined with tourism, the principle of combining resources development, a fundamental guarantee for the development of tourism.
4, to develop the local tourism economy
5, to the country's tourism market
In recent years the state will continue to accelerate and develop the tourism industry, improve the tourism market and legal system, rule by law and regulate the tourism market order. Strengthen ecological protection and construction, based on to develop infrastructure, strengthen investment in the aviation industry and standardization management; on the electrification of the railway system speed and transformation, and an increase in the number of extension in the western region; highway construction also accelerated the pace. At the same time great efforts to consolidate tourism companies and intermediary institutions to improve service quality, protect consumer interests. These measures for the development of tourism resources and promote the healthy development of the national tourism market of great importance.
Domestic tourism investment in the direction of the economy
1, infrastructure
China's infrastructure and far from the developed countries, whether hardware or software services should be increased investment. Must continue in transport, urban planning and construction, improve health conditions, and information services such as the last step Caixing.
2, the ecological environment construction and maintenance
Sustainable development is the top priority of economic development, tourism, China's ecological environment construction and protection, will require significant investment. China is in urgent need to solve ecological problems are the following:
(1) forest area due to excessive deforestation, forest area in China to 5000KM2 annual rate of reduction in forest cover only 14%, far below the world average of 25% level.
(2) grassland steppe of China's current 1 / 3 due to excessive grazing, grazing not only raise grass, many grasslands are destroyed, United Nations Development Programme warned, do not take urgent measures to grassland desertification in China next year, the rate will rise 30%, it will seriously undermine the western part of the natural landscape and cultural heritage.
(3) the protection of rare plant and animal population growth, and constantly occupied habitat in the international registration of 630 kinds of rare and endangered animals, China has 56 species.
(4) waste present, China tourist cities and scenic spots not yet have a comprehensive waste treatment methods and processes, each of the tourist season, when many people of the hills, people their path, garbage piles, the measures to be developed by law forms and regulations.
(5) air pollution a serious air pollution in many cities to frightening proportions. Such as Beijing, has a long history of this ancient city, long ago, according to BBC news reports: due to serious pollution, Beijing is difficult to see the blue sky. Many foreign tourists at the mention of Beijing's environmental problems, all whom pity. Another example of Shanxi's well-known tourist attractions, from downtown to the attractions on the way, the way the smoky tavern, Japanese tourists have to travel wearing a mask sitting in a closed car, loudly complaining.
3, tourism economy of service
Service awareness, related to the prosperity of the tourism market in a region, the coastal tourist city are all regarded as an important part of this. China's economic development, tourism is one weak link is the lack of service awareness, tourists everywhere he went, often deceived, and Ai Zai, leading visitors in the care of the local landscape and facilities, littering, indiscriminate cutting plan chaos, destruction facilities a vicious circle. Excellent service and level of consciousness is to maintain and safeguard the healthy development of the tourism market source.
4, the protection of ancient architectural monuments
Construction of China in the implementation of the process of urbanization should be carefully 保护 ruins of ancient civilizations and peripheral ecological environment will not be any urban construction from damage and destruction of ancient buildings and archaeological sites. The local government should take practical measures to make urban development consistent with the protection of cultural relics.
5, consulting and intermediary business
With the tourism market development, consulting and intermediary industry will develop. Meanwhile, the sound advice and intermediation depends on nurturing and regulating local government management, the most important matter to ensure that tourists can only travel in the local process to obtain detailed and accurate information services, thereby increasing its attractiveness to tourists.
Adjustment of China's tourism economy focus
Tourism Economic Development should improve service quality and level of the center. At this stage, China's economic development and improved living standards, the tourism market and level of service quality must be raised accordingly in order to achieve rapid growth of tourism, and this increase is not very easy to implement and often require travel market to regulate all aspects and management. In the nurturing and development of the tourism market, it is necessary to improve service quality and level of the center, focusing on service awareness and service efficiency. Concrete should note the following:
First of all, to focus on improving service quality. Improve the quality of services mainly in the natural and human environment, to improve the balance. In the case of limited investment, the full use of existing resources, through the improvement of service quality, to maximize economic benefits, to maintain the sustainable development of tourism economy.
Second, pay attention to improving the level of development of the tourism market. A long time, due to economic backwardness and low living standards, poor infrastructure, tourism, environment and tourism market, the overall level of service has been in a situation of College Students Donate Sperm, on the tourism economy of those areas. If the level of service around the always the case, the development of tourism economy will be difficult to improve. China's current poor state of the environment around the tourism market, and there is chaos investment, low copy construction, manufacturing human attraction phenomena (such as Beijing World Park). Only in innovation and management has improved greatly in order to ensure the proper development of tourism economy.
The role of tourism economy
1, increase national foreign exchange earnings, balance of payments
2, the currency withdrawn from circulation, accumulation of capital
Another important part of tourism income is the income from tourism. Income from domestic tourism currency withdrawn from circulation for the nation, plays an active role in the accumulation of funds. According to statistics, China's savings from the hands of the masses more than 2 trillion yuan, and annual growth rate of 30%. How to guide consumption, more efficient currency withdrawn from circulation, there are many channels, and tourism is a new channel. With the improvement of people's living standards, the increase in leisure time off, the spirit of the people on the increasingly urgent demand and consumption.
In fact, China's domestic tourism has emerged in the momentum of rapid development, its economic role is increasingly significant. According to statistics, in 1985, the number of domestic tourism in China is 2.4 million passengers, the total income of 8.0 billion, to 94 years, the number of domestic tourist trips rose to 524 million, total consumption was 102.35 billion yuan.
3, lead related industries to promote regional economic development
According to the French Tourism Association, 席菲利普邦 Bell thermal analysis: "43% of the hotels, cafes and restaurants of the benefits, directly related with tourism; air transport income of 42% with tourism-related, 23% of rail receipts, car 12%, agriculture 8%, 6% of the construction industry with the tourism industry. "
Tourism is a very complex industry, food, housing, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment are the six elements of tourism. Have to eat, live, get in, be allowed to leave empty-can buy, there are Department to music. Therefore, tourism development, must continue to lead and this factor directly related to food, construction, transportation, telecommunications, garden, commercial, textile, insurance and other industries.
According to official statistics, Australia, 29 economic sectors involved in tourism in the 108 industry. Only the construction industry, for example, ten years ago, difficult to stay in our country is a common phenomenon in many cities, when people are out there is even a good place to live, and some even spend the night at the station. But in the ten years to the end of 1998 China has all kinds of hotels 210 000 foreign-related hotel about 4000, more than 2,000 star-rated hotels, including 45 five-star, 117 four-star, three-star nearly more than 1000 home, two star and one star more than 1,000. Large number of visitors a place to live, all grades, no longer the scene of the original. Obtained during the development of the construction industry can imagine.
Hawaii island of Oahu, before the development is a desolate beach, 50 years after a tourist resort, built in the tourism, commercial street, clouds island. Currently, the island has become a tourist in the world received about 400 million people world-famous tourist area. Construction industry, but also bring with matched water, electricity, gas, heating gas, telecommunications and other industries, hotels in the decoration, furniture, food, health supplies, etc., industrial and agricultural products needed for the production of the corresponding naturally to develop, its knock-on effect is enormous.
Tourists arrived at a place always to buy some souvenirs, souvenirs and so on back. The tourism elements of the "Share", the tourism demand for commodities driven crafts, souvenirs, and there are national characteristics of the production and development. It is estimated that a passenger traveling in a foreign country usually spend on shopping for travel around all of the 1 / 2. The development of tourism related industries leading role can be summarized in one sentence, that "a prosperous industry of better business."
4, increase job opportunities
As the tourism industry to promote the development of many industries, increasing employment opportunities for the whole community. Tourism is an integrated industry, it will not only provide direct employment opportunities to the community, but also indirectly provide employment opportunities for the community. Calculated in accordance with international custom, direct employment and indirect tourism employment staff ratio of about 1:5. One for every room of tourism, can provide direct employment opportunities for 0.75, and, indirectly, to 2.5 in the relevant departments (restaurant, commercial, transportation) to provide employment opportunities. Currently, the city directly involved in the tourism industry that the number has reached 30000 as many indirect 20 million, accounting for one fifth of the total population of the city.
5, pro-poor tourism economy functions
Tourism is a quick, permanent poverty alleviation and development projects. From the development of international and domestic tourism can be seen that the speed of tourism development, much faster than the speed of development of various industries. Tourism is an industry after World War II became, in less than half a century, it quickly developed into the world's largest industry. This growth rate is hardly any comparable industry. Our neighboring countries Singapore and Thailand, after less than 20 years of painstaking efforts, on the development of tourism in Asia power, a world famous tourist destination. Many ethnic minority areas in China tourist spots, is in a very short time heat up. Such as Xishuangbanna and Dehong Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, Guizhou, underwater, from the development, promotion to become a hot spot, are only a few years time. Guangxi Beihai faster, only two or three years on the heat up in 1992 reached 150 million visitors. Smaller tourist spots such as the Longsheng a spa, a terrace; melt water of a shell River, develop a couple of years drew on more than ten million visitors, respectively. Because people desire a strong tourism, modern information transmission and transport developed, the development of tourism as long as there is a unique landscape and rich content, to satisfy requirements, and to do publicity Continental seas, thousands of families, can be large in a relatively short period of time paid off, and become a permanent source of income. Therefore, tourism is a short, flat, fast, permanent poverty alleviation and development projects.
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