jiàn zhù shì rén men yòng shí cái， mù cái děng jiàn zhù cái liào dā jiàn de yī zhǒng gōng rén jū zhù hé shǐ yòng de wù tǐ， rú zhù zhái， qiáo liáng， tǐ yù guǎn děng děng。 guǎng yì shàng lái jiǎng， yuán lín yě shì jiàn zhù de yī bù fēn。 yòu rén shuō guò： shàng dì yī cì xìng gěi chū liǎo mù tóu . shí tóu . ní tǔ hé máo cǎo， qí tā de yī qiēdōu shì rén de láo zuò ... zhè jiù shì jiàn zhù。 jiàn zhù shì níng gù de yīnyuè . jiàn zhù shì yī bù shí tóu shǐ shū。
yuán lín shǐ
shì chǎn shì yuán lín de yuān yuán , yǎn biàn , fā zhǎn de guī lǜ jí qí tè zhēng , lùn shù wù huà wéi yuán lín de wài zài xíng tài , fēng gé , tǐ xì , yùn hán zhe rén lèi duì yú shēng cún huán jìng , shè huì zhé xué sī xiǎng , guān niàn , shěn měi xū qiú , zhèng zhì yǐng xiǎng , zào yuán sī xiǎng liú pài nèi zài de rèn shí , tōng guò hé yùn yòng lì shǐ de shè huì jié gòu , jīng jì zǔ zhì , shēng chǎn fāng shì , kē xué jì shù jī diàn de zào yuán shí jiàn fāng fǎ yǔ jīng yàn biǎo xiàn ; lùn shù rén lèi shēng cún yòu xíng huán jìng , wú xíng huán jìng huó dòng de xiàn xiàng fēn xī de yuán lín lǐ lùn yǔ shí jiàn , shì rén lèi shēng cún huán jìng huó dòng de zú jì , zhuī qiú yǔ tǐ xiàn , zhé shè zhe rén lèi chuàng zào lǐ xiǎng shēng cún huán jìng de jù dà nǔ lì , shì wén míng de zài tǐ . wéi xiàn dài yuán lín jǐng guān , huán jìng jiàn shè tí gōng lì shǐ jiè jiàn , sī xiǎng lǐ lùn , fēn xī fāng fǎ , yào sù yùn yòng , chuán chéng jǐng shì yǔ fā zhǎn " zǒu xiàng zhēn shí bì yóu zhī lù " de yǐ jù .
yuán lín fā zhǎn de sì dà lì shǐ jiē duàn
shì jiè yuán lín lì shǐ , jīng lì liǎo yuán shǐ wén míng , nóng yè wén míng , gōng yè wén míng hé xìn xī wén míng sì dà wén míng jiē duàn .
( yī ) yuán shǐ wén míng jiē duàn
rén lèi shè huì de yuán shǐ wén míng dà yuē chí xù liǎo 'èr bǎi duō wàn nián . rén lèi shù cháo 'ér jū , rú máo yǐn xuè , cháo xué 'ér jū , cǎi jí yú liè . rén lèi duì dà zì rán huán jìng de bèi dòng shì yìng zhuàng tài , zài shēng cún yǎn huà guò chéng zhōng , rén lèi bèi dòng zhí wù de xíng tài , sè zé děng wài guān tè zhēng suǒ xī yǐn bìng yòu liǎo xīn líng gǎn yìng , fù yòu shēng mìng yì yì , yòu liǎo dòng zhí wù chóng bài . yuán shǐ wén míng hòu qī , rén lèi nóng yè hé jù jū de bù luò , yuán pǔ zhòngzhí , niǎo shòu yǎng zhí . bù luò fù jìn jí fáng qián wū jiè yòu liǎo guǒ yuán , cài pǔ , xùyǎng niǎo shòu chǎng suǒ . zhú jiàn mǎn zú liǎo rén men jì sì wēn bǎo xū yào , yuán lín dé dào yùn yù , jìn rù méng yá zhuàng tài .
qí yuán lín méng yá zhuàng tài de tè diǎn wéi : zhòngzhí , yǎng zhí , guān shǎng bù fēn ; wéi quán tǐ bù luò chéng yuán gòng guǎn gòng xiǎng ; zhù guān wèile jì sì chóng bài hé jiě jué wēn bǎo wèn tí , ér kè guān yòu guān shǎng gōng néng .
( èr ) nóng yè wén míng jiē duàn
jù jīn dà yuē 1 wàn nián qián , zài yà zhōu hé fēi zhōu de yī xiē dà hé chōng jī píng yuán hé sān jiǎo zhōu dì qū , nóng yè de cháng zú fā zhǎn , rén lèi jìn rù liǎo yǐ nóng gēng wéi zhù de nóng yè wén míng jiē duàn , guǒ yuán , cài pǔ , shòu chǎng yì fēn huà wéi gōng shēng chǎn wéi zhù de guǒ shū yuán pǔ hé gōng guān shǎng wéi zhù de huā yuán , liè yuàn . bàn suí nóng yè shēng chǎn lì de jìn yī bù fā zhǎn , chǎn shēng liǎo chéng zhèn , guó dū hé shǒu gōng yè , shāng yè , shǐ jiàn zhù jì shù bù duàn tí gāo , wéi dà guī mó xīng zào yuán lín tí gōng liǎo bì yào tiáo jiàn
zì rán dì yù , wén huà tǐ xì yǎn huà xíng chéng shì jiè yuán lín tǐ xì . wén huà tǐ xì de zhù yào yǐng xiǎng yīn sù yòu zhǒng zú , zōng jiào , fēng sú xí guàn , yǔ yán wén zì xì tǒng , lì shǐ dì lǐ hé wén huà jiāo liú děng , yóu qí yǐ zì rán dì yù , zhǒng zú , zōng jiào wén huà , yǔ yán wén zì xì tǒng yǐng xiǎng zuì dà .
shì jiè yuán lín tǐ xì huàfēn wéi 'ōu zhōu yuán lín tǐ xì , yī sī lán yuán lín tǐ xì hé zhōng guó yuán lín tǐ xì sān dà tǐ xì .
* ōu zhōu yuán lín tǐ xì
ōu zhōu yuán lín , yòu chēng wéi xī fāng yuán lín . zhù yào shì yǐ gǔ 'āi jí hé gǔ xī là yuán lín wéi yuān yuán yǐ fǎ guó gǔ diǎn zhù yì yuán lín hé yīng guó zì rán fēng jǐng shì yuán lín liǎng dà liú pài , yǐ rén gōng měi de guī zé shì yuán lín hé zì rán měi de zì rán shì yuán lín wéi zào yuán fēng gé , sī xiǎng lǐ lùn , yì shù zào yì jīng zhàn dú dào .
ōu zhōu yuán lín fù gài miàn guǎng , tā yǐ 'ōu zhōu běn tǔ wéi zhōng xīn , shì lì fàn wéi náng kuò 'ōu zhōu , běi měi , nán měi , ào dà lì yà děng sì dà zhōu , duì nán fēi , běi fēi , xī yà , dōng yà děng dì qū de yuán lín fā zhǎn hé dāng dài yì chǎn shēng liǎo zhòng yào yǐng xiǎng .
ōu zhōu yuán lín de liǎng dà liú pài dōuyòu zì jǐ míng xiǎn de fēng gé tè zhēng . guī zé shì yuán lín : qì shì huī hóng , shì xiàn kāi kuò , yán jǐn duìchèn , gòu tú jūn héng , huā tán , diāo xiàng , pēn quán děng zhuāng shì fēng fù , tǐ xiàn zhuāng zhòng diǎn yǎ , yōng róng huá guì de qì shì .
zì rán fēng jǐng shì yuán lín qǔ xiāo liǎo yuán lín yǔ zì rán zhī jiān de jiè xiàn , jiāng zì rán wéi zhù tǐ yǐn rù dào yuán lín , pái chú rén gōng hén jì , tǐ xiàn yī zhǒng zì rán tiān chéng , fǎn pú guī zhēn de yì shù .
* yī sī lán yuán lín tǐ xì
yī sī lán yuán lín , shì yǐ gǔ bā bǐ lún hé gǔ bō sī yuán lín wéi yuān yuán , shí zì xíng tíng yuán wéi diǎn xíng bù jú fāng shì , fēng bì jiàn zhù yǔ tè shū jié shuǐ guàn gài xì tǒng xiāng jié hé , fù yòu jīng měi xì mì de jiàn zhù tú 'àn hé zhuāng shì sè cǎi de 'ā lā bó yuán lín .
yī sī lán yuán lín yǐ yòu fā lā dǐ , dǐ gé lì sī liǎng hé liú yù jí měi suǒ bù dá mǐ yà píng yuán wéi zhōng xīn , yǐ 'ā lā bó shì jiè wéi fàn wéi , héng kuà 'ōu , yà , fēi sān dà zhōu , yǐ yìn dù , xī bān yá zhōng shì jì yuán lín fēng gé zuì wéi diǎn xíng , duì shì jiè gè guó yuán lín yì shù fēng gé de biàn qiān yòu hěn dà de yǐng xiǎng lì .
yī sī lán yuán lín tōng cháng miàn jī jiào xiǎo , jiàn zhù fēng bì , shí zì xíng de lín yīn lù gòu chéng zhōng zhóu xiàn , quán yuán fēn gē chéng sì qū . yuán lín zhōng xīn , shí zì xíng dào lù jiāo huì diǎn bù shè shuǐ chí , xiàng zhēng tiān táng . yuán zhōng gōu qú míng 'àn jiāo tì , pán shì yǒng quán dī shuǐ , yòu fēn chū jǐ hé xíng xiǎo tíng yuán , měi gè tíng yuán de shù mù xiāng tóng . cǎi sè táo cí mǎ sài kè tú 'àn zài tíng yuán zhuāng shì zhōng guǎng fàn yìng yòng .
* zhōng guó yuán lín tǐ xì
zhōng guó yuán lín zūn chóng yǔ zì rán hé xié wéi měi de shēng tài yuán zé , shǔ yú shān shuǐ fēng jǐng shì yuán lín fàn chóu , yǐ fēi guī zé shì yuán lín wéi jī běn tè zhēng , yuán lín jiàn zhù yǔ shān shuǐ huán jìng yòu jī róng hé , zì rán hé xié , hún rán yī tǐ , hán yùn rén lún jiào huà , shī qíng huà yì de xiě yì shān shuǐ yuán lín .
zhōng guó dà lù sān miàn huán shān , yī miàn bīn hǎi de dú tè de dì lǐ huán jìng , cháng qī de zhōng yāng jí quán , lǐ yí zhì dù hé nóng yè běn wèi wén huà , wén míng yuǎn yuǎn gāo yú shì jiè zhū guó wén huà , yǐ yāng yāng dà guó zì jū , xiǎo shì sì fāng , zhōng guó yuán lín zì dàn shēng yǐ hòu , zài zì jǐ tè shū de guó qíng hé lì shǐ wén huà bèi jǐng xià zì wǒ fā zhǎn . cóng qí dú dào de chuàng shì jì shuō dào sān dài shí qī de yòu , qín hàn shí qī de yuàn , wèi jìn liù cháo de zì rán shān shuǐ yuán lín , táng sòng shí dài de quán jǐng shì xiě yì shān shuǐ yuán lín , zuì hòu dá dào míng qīng shí dài nóng suō zì rán shān shuǐ , yǐ xiǎo jiàn dà de gāo dù xiàng zhēng xìng xiě yì yuán lín jiē duàn . cóng míng cháo zhōng qī shǐ , sī jiā yuán lín zhú jiàn fēn huà , xiān yòu jiāng nán yuán lín tuō yíng 'ér chū , běi fāng yuán lín jiē zhǒng qí hòu , lǐng nán yuán lín zēng qí huá lì . sān dà qū yù yuán lín xiāng hù yǐng xiǎng , xiāng hù jiān róng , shǐ zhōng guó yuán lín de lèi xíng hé fēng gé bù duàn tuò zhǎn yǔ shēn huà , zhōng guó yuán lín bù xiàng 'ōu zhōu yuán lín nà yàng , fēng gé jù liè fù hé biàn yì , ér shì bù duàn chuán chéng fā zhǎn , yǐ dōng fāng dú yòu de wén huà jí zào yuán sī xiǎng lǐ lùn shèn zhì yǐng xiǎng xī fāng .
zhōng guó yuán lín tè diǎn zhù yào yòu :
1). běn yú zì rán , gāo yú zì rán zì rán fēng jǐng yǐ shān , shuǐ wéi dì mào jī chǔ , shān , shuǐ , zhí wù nǎi shì gòu chéng zì rán fēng jǐng de jī běn yào sù , zhōng guó yuán lín jué fēi yī bān dì lì yòng huò zhě jiǎn dān dì mó fǎng zhè xiē gòu jǐng yào sù de yuán shǐ zhuàng tài , ér shì yòu yì shí dì jiā yǐ gǎi zào , tiáozhěng , jiā gōng , jiǎn cái , cóng 'ér biǎo xiàn yī gè jīng liàn gài kuò de zì rán , diǎn xíng huà de zì rán . wéi qí rú cǐ , běn yú zì rán 'ér yòu gāo yú zì rán bìng lún lǐ huà , dào dé huà , yuán lín yào sù yǔ zhī jié hé yì yùn qí zhōng , yóu wéi tū chū .
2). jiàn zhù měi yǔ zì rán měi yòu jī róng hé héng héng yǔ zì rán hé xié wéi měi zhōng guó yuán lín jiàn lì zài zūn zhòng zì rán de jī chǔ zhī shàng ," yīn yáng wǔháng shuō " bèi yù wéi shì jiè zuì zǎo de shēng tài xué , jiàn zhù néng gòu bǎ dì yù zì rán yǔ shān , shuǐ , huā mù , niǎo shòu děng zào yuán yào sù yòu jī dì zǔ zhì zài yī xì liè fēng jǐng huà miàn zhī zhōng . tū chū bǐ cǐ xié diào , hù xiāng bǔ chōng de jī jí de yī miàn , xiàn zhì bǐ cǐ duì lì , hù xiāng pái chì de xiāo jí de yī miàn . bǎ hòu zhě zhuǎn huà wéi qián zhě , zhōng zhóu duìchèn de guī zhěng shì gòu tú yú gōng shì sì guān jiàn zhù , què tiān gōng rén qiǎo , wéi zhōng guó yuán lín jiàn zhù de tè shū xíng shì . zài yuán lín zǒng tǐ shàng dá dào yī zhǒng rén gōng yǔ zì rán gāo dù hé xié de " tiān rén hé yī " yǔ " zì rán hé xié wéi měi " de zhé lǐ jìng jiè .
3) zhōng guó yuán lín yàng yàng chōng yì zhe shī qíng huà yì ; yōng yòu zhe dú jù mèi lì de yì jìng chuàng zào
zhōng guó yuán lín yǐng xiǎng liǎo hàn wén huà tǐ xì , yě shēn shēn yǐng xiǎng liǎo rì běn .
fó jiào cóng wǒ guó chuán rù rì běn , tè bié shì hàn huà de chán zōng chuán rù rì běn hòu , yǔ rì běn tè sè de shén dào jiào róng hé , xíng chéng liǎo rì běn tè sè : zhuī qiú jīng shén shàng " jìng , kōng , wú " de chánwénhuà , chéng wéi tū pò zhōng guó yuán lín xíng shì de qiē rén diǎn . rì běn zǎo qī " kū shān shuǐ , chú xuǎn yòng shā , shí zhī wài , hái hán yòu xiǎo kuài dì bèi zhí wù huò xiǎo xíng guàn mù , rú xiū jiǎn zhěng qí de huáng yáng , dù juān děng . hòu qī de " kū shān shuǐ yuán " jié jìn qí jiǎn jié , chún jìng , wú shù wú huā , zhǐ yòu jǐ zūn zì rán tiān chéng de shí kuài , mǎn yuán pá chū wén lǐ de xì shā , níng jù chéng yī fāng chán zōng jìng tǔ ." chá shì tíng yuán " zé xiǎn shì chū jí jīng zhì , jí zhèng shì de fēn wéi , zhōng guó de chá wén huà zài rì běn fā zhǎn wéi " chá dào ", tíng yuán bù shè jīng měi de shí zhì yì shù pǐn , zhù rén shí , kè rén shí , dāo guà shí , shí dēng lóng , shí shuǐ bō děng , bī zhēn lěi luò , bù dài yī diǎn shì sú chén 'āi , biǎo dá liǎo rì běn rén duì " chún jìng , kōng jì , wú jí " jìng jiè de zhuī qiú .
zòng guān rì běn yuán lín de lì shǐ yǎn jìn , rì běn yuán lín shòu zhōng guó yuán lín yǐng xiǎng zhì yuǎn zhì shēn , jìn guǎn zài mǒu xiē fāng miàn yòu dú tè de zào yì , shèn zhì fǎn guò lái yǐng xiǎng zhōng guó yuán lín , dàn tā zuì zhōng bìng méi yòu tuō lí zhōng guó yuán lín tǐ xì .
( sān ) gōng yè wén míng jiē duàn
( sì ) xìn xī wén míng jiē duàn
cù jìn liǎo gōng gòng yuán lín , gōng gòng lǜ dì , chéng shì yǔ shēng tài jǐng guān de yì shù fā zhǎn , cù jìn liǎo rén lèi rèn hé " gōng chéng " yǔ zì rán shēng cún huán jìng jǐng guān huó dòng de yì shù sī kǎo .
wén huà duō yuán huà , quán qiú yī tǐ huà de dāng dài , rén lèi huán jìng jiàn shè yǔ lài yǐ shēng cún de zì rán shēng tài huán jìng lǐ lùn sī kǎo , bǎo hù zì rán huán jìng , wéi hù shēng tài píng héng wéi hé xīn de kě chí xù fā zhǎn lǐ lùn shēn rù rén xīn .
yuán lín shǐ de xiàn shí yì yì
yī bù rén lèi yuán lín shǐ , jìzǎi rén lèi duì zì wǒ shēng cún huán jìng de nèi shēng zìxǐng de rèn zhī zú jì . gǔ lǎo zhōng guó yǐ qí yǔ zì rán hé xié wéi měi de shēng tài fǎ zé de bó dà hèshī qíng huà yì , áng shǒu shì jiè qián liè . xī fāng nèixǐng lì shǐ de zì wǒ pī pàn , yě zǒu dào liǎo shì jiè de qián yán .
yǐ tóng wéi jiàn , kě yǐ zhèng yī guān ; yǐ rén wéi jiàn , kě yǐ míng dé shī ; yǐ shǐ wéi jiàn , kě yǐ zhī xīng wáng . cóng yuán lín dào xiàn dài jǐng guān , huán jìng shè jì , tóng qí tā wén huà yī yàng , shì zài chuán chéng , xī shōu , jiè jiàn , róng hé de lì shǐ fēn wéi lǐ zǒu dào liǎo jīn tiān . jiè jiàn zhōng wài yuán lín lì shǐ fā zhǎn de jī běn jīng yàn yǔ jiào xùn , jì chéng hóng yáng rén lèi de yōu xiù yuán lín wén huà , wèiwǒ guó huán jìng yuán lín huó dòng tí gōng kē xué de lǐ lùn hé shí jiàn yǐ jù , shì jí dài jiě jué de pò zài méi jié de zhòng dà kè tí , jù yòu zhòng yào lǐ lùn jià zhí yǔ shí jiàn yì yì ..
lí kāi zì rán hé rén wén de shēng tài huán jìng , jiù méi yòu rén lèi cún zài hé fā zhǎn de jī běn qián tí , jiù méi yòu mín zú gòng tóng tǐ de xīng wáng hé yán xù ! dāng wǒ men xiǎng shòu zhe xiàn dài wén míng , huí shǒu zhī shí què fā xiàn méi yòu liǎo lì shǐ , nóng yè shè huì bù huì guī huá , lì jīng gōng yè shè huì jǐng xǐng zhī hòu de wén míng shè huì què lǐ yìng guī huá . huán jìng jiàn shè lǐ yìng shì qí zì shēn de bāo jiǎng !" rú guǒ chéng shì suǒ shí xiàn de shēng huó bù shì tā zì shēn de yī zhǒng bāo jiǎng , nà me wéi chéng shì xíng chéng 'ér fù chū de quán bù xī shēng jiù jiāng háo wú dài jià . wú lùn kuò dà de quán lì hái shì wù zhì cái fù , dōubù néng dǐ cháng nǎ pà shì yī tiān sàng shī liǎo de měi , huān lè hé qīn qíng de xiǎng shòu "(《 chéng shì fā zhǎn shǐ》 liú yì sī · máng fú dé ). yī gè mín zú duì zì jǐ de wén huà yào yòu yán gé de zì zūn , yù yán gé yù zì zūn , zì zūn cái néng zì lì , zì lì cái néng zì qiáng !" cān tiān zhī shù bì yòu lǎo gēn , huái shān zhī shuǐ bì yòu gòng yuán ". qí wén huà qíng huái hé wén huà zì zūn , xíng chéng mín zú tuán duì xuè yuán de , dì yuán de " jiā xiāng "," jiā yuán ". wén huà wú xū zài zhēng qǔ shénme yōu shì wén huà , zì shēn wén huà jiù shì jīng shén wáng pái !
yuán lín zài fàn yì shù de dāng jīn xìn xī shí dài , yǐ cóng shǔ yú huán jìng shè jì , wú lùn gāo děng jiào yù , gāo děng zhí yè de yuán lín huán jìng jiào yù , zhuān yè sī xiǎng yì shí de bǔ yù dū yìng shì dì yī wèi de , tā men de wèi lái jiān fù zhe yòu xíng , wú xíng huán jìng bǎo hù , jiàn shè bìng liú gěi hòu rén de shén shèng bù kě tuī xiè de zé rèn , jì néng yǐ tuì jū qí cì . zūn zhòng xué kē tè zhì , zhèng zhì sù zhì bù néng qǔ dài zhuān yè sù zhì , jì néng biāo zhǔn bù néng jiào tiáo dì dù liàng zhuān yè biāo zhǔn , fǒu zé " jiàn shè " kě néng jiù shì pò huài ! lì shǐ shì yī miàn jìng zǐ . huán jìng shè jì yìng gēn jù zì rán shēng tài , dì yù huán jìng , lì shǐ wén huà , yì yì shǔ xìng ; zōng hé lì shǐ yì jiàn , shí dài yì jiàn , cái néng dé chū xiāng duì zhèng què de huán jìng jiàn shè lǐ lùn bìng zhǐ dǎo shí jiàn ; cái néng gòu yīn dì zhì yí , yīn shí zhì yí , yīn yuán zhì yí . xiàn dài shì guò qù hé wèi lái de hé jīn . yuán lín , huán jìng shǐ lùn lǐ lùn yīngshì zhuān yè huán jìng jiàn shè zhě jù bèi de zuì jī běn sù zhì . lì shǐ shì bù néng chóngfù de , wèi lái shì kě yǐ xuǎn zé de !
Building is that people use stone, wood and other building materials a structure for human habitation and use of objects such as homes, bridges, stadiums and so on. Broadly speaking, the garden is part of the building. Someone once said: God gives the wood off. Stone. Soil and grass, are people of all other labor ... This is the building. Is the solidification of the music building. Architecture is a rock history book.
Garden History
Four historical stages of landscape development
World garden history, through the primitive civilization, agriculture and civilization, industrial civilization and the information civilization four stages of civilization.
(A) of the original Civilization stage
Primitive and civilized human society lasted about more than 200 years. The human tree, nest door, Rumaoyinxue, nest door, collecting fishing and hunting. Human nature to adapt to the passive state of the environment, the living process of evolution, one species of human being , color and other characteristics of the attractive appearance and has telepathy, endowed with the meaning of life, with Worship. primitive civilization, the late, human agriculture and _set_tlement of the tribe, garden planting, breeding birds. tribe in the vicinity before the House session with the Housing orchard, vegetable garden, the keeper of birds place. gradually to meet the needs of people sacrifice food and clothing, garden be bred into the bud.
The gardens bud features are: planting, cultivation, recreation, regardless; for all tribal members to share condominium; subjective to worship and sacrifice to solve the problem of food and clothing, and objective functions are viewing.
(B) agricultural civilization stage
Ago about 1 million years ago, in Asia and Africa, some of the alluvial plains and river delta areas, the rapid development of agriculture, mankind entered a mainly agricultural civilization in farming, orchards, vegetable garden, animal production field Yi differentiation is for based fruit and vegetable gardens, and mainly for ornamental gardens, hunting Court. With the further development of agricultural productivity, resulting in the towns, capital and handicrafts, commerce, construction techniques to continuously improve, to build large-scale garden Hing is a necessary condition
Natural geographical, cultural system evolution form a system of the world garden. Culture system are the main factors of race, religion, customs, language systems, historical geography and cultural exchange, particularly in the natural geographic, ethnic, religious culture, languages, and systems affected maximum.
Garden systems into the world system of the European landscape, the Islamic garden system and system of the three major systems of Chinese gardens.
* European garden system
European gardens, also known as the Western landscape. Mainly based on ancient Egypt and ancient Greece to the French garden as the source of classical gardens and English Landscape Garden two schools to the rules of artificial beauty garden and natural beauty of the natural garden is garden style, ideology and theory, superb unique artistic attainments.
European garden coverage, it is native to Europe as the center of sphere of influence encompasses Europe, North America, South America, Australia, four continents, South Africa, North Africa, West Asia, East Asia and other parts of the development and contemporary garden has a major impact.
Two major schools of European garden style has its own distinct characteristics. Rule garden: magnificent, eyes open, strict symmetry, balanced composition, flower beds, statues, fountains and other decorative rich, elegant and solemn expression, elegant momentum.
Landscape Gardens eliminated the boundary between garden and nature, will be introduced into the natural landscape as the main body, ruled out of the canvas reflects the natural scenery, back to nature art.
* Islamic garden system
Islamic gardens are gardens of Babylon and Persia as the origin of the typical cross garden layout, closed building and special water-saving irrigation systems combined with the rich elegant architectural design and decoration of delicate colors of the Arab landscape.
Islamic gardens, the Euphrates, Mesopotamia and the end of glis Mesopotamian plain as the center, as the scope of the Arab world, across Europe, Asia, and Africa, to India, Spain, the most typical style of the medieval garden, on the Art world garden style changes have great influence.
Islamic gardens are usually smaller, building closed, trees planted by way constitute a cross axis, the whole garden is divided into four districts. Garden center, cross the road intersection layout pool, a symbol of heaven. Park in the alternating light and dark gullies, disc Chung Dripping Springs also separate the geometric shape of small gardens, each garden the same tree. colored decorative ceramic mosaic pattern is widely used in the garden.
* China Garden System
China Garden Lin Zunchong harmony with nature's ecological principles for the United States, are landscapes garden areas to non-rule-style garden, as the basic features, landscape architecture and landscape organically integrate the environment, natural and harmonious, seamless, implies one London-based, enjoyable poetic Landscape gardening.
Chinese garden features are:
1). This was natural, higher than the natural scenery with mountains, water based landscapes, mountains, water, plants but the basic elements constitute the natural landscape, not the general use of Chinese gardens, or simply mimic elements of these institutions view original state, but consciously to transform, adjust, process, crop, and thus the performance of a concise summary of the nature, typifying the nature. Only in this way, this was natural, and higher than the natural and ethical, moral-based, landscape elements and The combined implication of which is particularly prominent.
2). Architectural beauty and natural beauty of organic integration - in harmony with nature as the United States and China garden built on the basis of respect for nature, "Yin said," hailed as the world's first ecological building to the geographical nature and mountains, water, flowers, birds and other elements of organic gardening organizations in a series of landscape images into. prominence harmonize with each other and mutually reinforcing the positive side, restrictions against each other, mutually exclusive of the negative side. the latter into the former, axial symmetry of the regular-type composition in the palace temple building, but day workers Qiao, China's special form of landscape architecture. in the garden generally achieve a high degree of harmony of man and nature, "Heaven" and "natural harmony for the U.S. "The philosophical realm.
3) Yang Yang Chinese garden filled with poetic; has a unique charm to create the moods
China Garden Chinese cultural system, affecting a profound impact on Japan.
Throughout the history of the evolution of the Japanese garden, Japanese garden to the far by the profound influence of Chinese gardens, although in some respects unique skills, even in turn affect the Chinese garden, but it did not ultimately from the Chinese garden system.
(C) stage of industrial civilization
(D) Information Civilization stage
Promote the public garden, public green space, urban development and ecological landscape of the arts, and promote the human any "project" and the activities of the natural living environment of the landscape art of thinking.
Cultural diversity of contemporary globalization, human environment and the survival of theoretical consideration of natural ecological environment, protect the natural environment and maintaining ecological balance as the core of sustainable development theory enjoys popular support.
Practical significance of landscape history
A human landscape history, records the living environment of human self-recognition of endogenous self-reflection footprint. Ancient China for its beauty and natural harmony laws of the broad ecological and poetic triumph in the world. The history of Western self-critical introspection, has reached the forefront of the world.
With copper as a mirror, you can now dressed; to person, we can see advantages and disadvantages; learn from history, one can know the rise and fall. From the garden to the modern landscape, environmental design, with other cultures, is in the transmission, absorption, learn the history of fusion atmosphere come today. learn the historical development of the basic foreign landscape experience and lessons, promote succession of outstanding landscape of human culture, for our environment parks activities Kexue the theory and practice of Yi Ju, yes urgent urgent solution of 重大 issue has important theoretical Jiazhi and practical significance ..
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