táng dài de wén yán duǎn piān xiǎo shuō ﹐ nèi róng duō chuán shù qí wén yì shì﹐ hòu rén chēng wéi táng dài chuán qí， huò chēng táng chuán qí。
táng dài chuán qí de fán róng jí qí yuán yīn
zhōng guó xiǎo shuō zài wèi jìn nán běi cháo shí qī hái chǔyú méng yá jiē duàn﹐ dāng shí dà liàng de shì jì shù shén líng guǐ guài de zhì guài xiǎo shuō﹐ shǎo shù jì rén shì de xiǎo shuō rú《 shì shuō xīn yǔ》﹐ zé duō jì shàng céng rén shì de tán tù hé yì shì。 zhè xiē xiǎo shuō﹐ dà dǐ piān fú duǎn xiǎo﹐ wén bǐ jiǎn yuē﹐ quē shǎo jù tǐ de miáo huì。 dào táng dài chuán qí chǎn shēng﹐ qíng kuàng yòu liǎo hěn dà de gǎi biàn。 táng dài chuán qí nèi róng chú bù fēn jì shù shén líng guǐ guài wài﹐ dà liàng jìzǎi rén jiān de gè zhǒng shì tài﹐ rén wù yòu shàng céng de﹐ yě yòu xià céng de﹐ fǎn yìng miàn jiào guò qù yuǎn wéi guǎng kuò﹐ shēng huó qì xī yě jiào wéi nóng hòu。 zài yì shù xíng shì shàng﹐ piān fú jiā cháng﹐ “ xù shù wǎn zhuǎn﹐ wén cí huá yàn﹐ yǔ liù cháo zhī cū chén gěng gài zhě jiào﹐ yǎn jìn zhī jì shèn míng ”（ lǔ xùn《 zhōng guó xiǎo shuō shǐ lüè》） ﹔ bù fēn zuò pǐn hái sù zào liǎo xiān míng dòng rén de rén wù xíng xiàng。 táng dài chuán qí de chū xiàn﹐ biāo zhì zhù zhōng guó gǔ dài duǎn piān xiǎo shuō yú chéng shú。 sòng hóng mài shuō :“ táng rén xiǎo shuō﹐ bù kě bù shú。 xiǎo xiǎo qíng shì﹐ qī wǎn yù jué﹐ xún yòu shén yù 'ér bù zì zhī zhě。 yǔ shī lǜ kě chēng yī dài zhī qí。”（《 táng rén shuō huì》 lì yán yǐn） tā bǎ táng chuán qí tóng táng shī xiāng tí bìng lùn﹐ jǐyǔ hěn gāo de píng jià。
táng dài chuán qí de fán róng﹐ yòu yī dìng de lì shǐ ﹑ shè huì yuán yīn。 táng cháo tǒng yī zhōng guó yǐ hòu﹐ cháng qī lái shè huì bǐ jiào 'ān dìng﹐ nóng yè hé gōng shāng yè dū dé dào fā zhǎn﹐ xiàng cháng 'ān﹑ luò yáng﹑ yáng zhōu﹑ chéng dū děng yī xiē dà chéng shì﹐ rén kǒu zhòng duō﹐ jīng jì fán róng。 wèile shì yìng guǎng dà shì mín hé tǒng zhì jiē céng wén yú shēng huó de xū yào﹐ zài zhè lèi dà chéng shì zhōng﹐ mín jiān de“ shuō huà” ( jiǎng gù shì ) yì shù yìng yùn 'ér shēng。 dāng shí fó jiào xīng shèng﹐ fó jiào tú yě lì yòng zhè zhǒng tōng sú de wén yì xíng shì yǎn chàng fó jīng gù shì huò qí tā gù shì﹐ yǐ zhāo lái tīng zhòng﹑ xuān yáng fó fǎ﹐ yú shì yòu chǎn shēng liǎo dà liàng biàn wén﹐ cù jìn liǎo“ shuō huà” yì shù de fā zhǎn。 cóng mín jiān dào shàng céng﹐ shuō huà pǔ biàn shòu dào rén men de xǐ 'ài。 guō shí《 gāo lì shì wàizhuàn》 jìzǎi﹐ táng xuán zōng wǎn nián shēng huó jì mò﹐ gāo lì shì jīng cháng ràng tā tīng“ zhuǎn biàn shuō huà” jí shuō biàn wén hé xiǎo shuō yǐ jiě mèn qǔ lè。 wáng jiàn《 guān mán jì》﹑ jí shī lǎo《 kàn shǔ nǚ zhuǎn zhāo jūn biàn》 shī﹐ dōushuō dào liǎo nǚ jì yǎn chàng wáng zhāo jūn de gù shì。《 mù lián jiù mǔ biàn wén》 de gù shì zé wéi bái jū yì﹑ zhāng hù suǒ shú xī hé yǐn yòng ( mèng qǐ《 běn shì shī》﹑ wáng dìng bǎo《 táng zhí yán》 )。 duàn chéng shì《 yǒu yáng zá zǔ》 xù jí《 biǎn wù》 piān jì tā yú tài hé nián jiān guān zá xì﹐ zhōng yòu“ shì rén xiǎo shuō”﹐ jiǎng míng yī biǎn què de gù shì。 suǒ wèi“ shì rén xiǎo shuō”﹐ jí zhǐ jiē fāng yì rén jiǎng shuō de gù shì。 dāng shí wén rén jù huì shí﹐ yě yòu yǐ“ shuō huà” xiāo qiǎn de。 yuán zhěn《 chóu bái xué shì dài shū yī bǎi yùn》 shī :“ hàn mò tí míng jìn﹐ guāng yīn tīng huà yí。” zì zhù :“ lè tiān měi yǔ yú yóu cóng﹐ wú bù shū míng tí bì﹐ yòu cháng yú xīn chāng zhái shuō ‘ yī zhī huā huà ’﹐ zì yín zhì sì﹐ yóu wèi bì cí yě。”“ yī zhī huā huà” jiǎng de jiù shì bái xíng jiǎn《 lǐ wá chuán》 suǒ jì de gù shì﹐ lì sì gè shí chén﹐ jí jīn bā gè xiǎo shí shàng wèi jiǎng wán﹐ kě jiàn xù shù fēi cháng xì zhì。 zài mǒu xiē táng chuán qí piān mò﹐ wǎng wǎng shù jí běn wén de xiě zuò shì yóu yú péng yǒu jiān de“ shuō huà”﹐ rú“ zhòu yàn yè huà” (《 rénshìzhuàn》 )﹑“ xiāo huà zhǐ yì” (《 lú jiāng féng 'ǎo chuán》 )﹑“ huà jí cǐ shì” (《 cháng hèn chuán》 )﹑“ yīn huà qí shì” (《 xù xuán guài lù ‧ ní miào jì》 ) děng。 wén shì jiān liú xíng“ shuō huà” fēng qì﹐ qí“ shuō huà” yì shù yòu hěn xì zhì﹐ shì cù shǐ táng chuán qí dà liàng chǎn shēng bìng qǔ dé tū chū chéng jiù de yī gè zhòng yào yuán yīn。
táng dài kē jǔ qǔ shì﹐ zhòng shì wén xué。 zài gè kē zhōng﹐ kǎo shì shī fù zá wén de jìn shì kē zuì shòu zhòng shì。 shì rén yìng shì zhī qián﹐ cháng yǐ suǒ zuò shī wén tóu xiàn míng gōng jù qīng﹐ yǐ qiú chēng yù﹐ kuò dà shè huì míng shēng﹐ wéi kǎo zhōng jìn shì kē chuàng zào tiáo jiàn﹐ dāng shí chēng zhī wéi“ xíng juàn”。 chuán qí wén yě cháng yòng zuò“ xíng juàn”。 sòng zhào yàn wèi《 yún lù màn chāo》 shuō﹐“ táng dài shì rén xíng juàn﹐ yú shù rì yòu tóu﹐ wèi zhī‘ wēn juàn’﹐ rú《 yōu guài lù》﹑《 chuán qí》 děng jiē shì yě”。 chuán qí yǐ xù shì wéi zhù﹐ wén tǐ jìn yú yě shǐ﹐ zhōng jiān cháng chuān chā shī gē yùn yǔ﹐ jié wěi zhuì yǐ xiǎo duàn yì lùn﹐ jí suǒ wèi“ wén bèi zhòng tǐ”。 táng dài hòu qī chuán qí zhuān jí chǎn shēng pō duō﹐ dà yuē tóng zhè zhǒng“ xíng juàn”﹑“ wēn juàn” fēng shàng yòu guān。 dàn zhào yàn wèi de shuō fǎ﹐ zài táng sòng wén xiàn zī liào zhōng quē fá yòu lì zuǒ zhèng﹐ yīn 'ér yòu de yán jiū zhě duì cǐ biǎo shì huái yí。
wèi jìn nán běi cháo zuò zhě bǎ xiǎo shuō zuò wéi jì lù yì wén qí shì de yě shǐ yī lèi kàn dài﹐ lüè xù gěng gài﹐ bù jiǎng jiū yǔ yán de zǎo shì。《 wén xīn diāo lóng》 xiáng shù gè zhǒng wén tǐ﹐ xià jí xié cí yǐn yǔ， yú xiǎo shuō yī lèi què zhǐ zì bù tí。 shuō míng zài dāng shí qū fēn wén bǐ﹐ zhù yì zǎo huì de fēng qì zhōng﹐ zhì guài jì rén zhī lèi de xiǎo shuō﹐ yīn quē fá wén cǎi 'ér bùwèi lùn zhě suǒ zhòng shì。 táng chuán qí qíng kuàng zé dà bù xiāng tóng。 lǔ xùn shuō ﹕ táng rén“ shǐ yòu yì wéi xiǎo shuō”﹐ rèn wéi“ chuán qí zhě liú﹐ yuán gài chū yú zhì guài﹐ rán shī zhī zǎo huì﹐ kuò qí bō lán﹐ gù suǒ chéng jiù nǎi tè yì。 qí jiān suī yì huò tuō fěng yù yǐ shū láo chóu﹐ tán huò fú yǐ yù chéng quàn﹐ ér dà guī zé jiū zài wén cǎi yǔ yì xiǎng﹐ yǔ xī zhī chuán guǐ shén míng yīn guǒ 'ér wài wú tā yì zhě﹐ shèn yì qí qù yǐ。”（《 zhōng guó xiǎo shuō shǐ lüè》） zhè jiù zhǐ chū liǎo táng chuán qí zuò zhě shì yòu yì shí dì jìn xíng wén xué chuàng zuò﹐ xū gòu qū zhé qíng jié﹐ zhù yì yǔ yán huá měi﹐ fù yú wén cǎi yǔ yì xiǎng﹐ cóng 'ér qǔ dé liǎo tū chū de wén xué chéng jiù。
jì nán běi cháo zhī hòu﹐ fó dào liǎng jiào zài táng dài yòu jìn yī bù de fā zhǎn﹐ zài shè huì shàng guǎng fàn liú xíng。 liǎng jiào de jīng diǎn hé wén yì zuò pǐn﹐ rú biàn wén﹑ bì huà děng qí zhōng bāo hán zhù bù shǎo qíng jié lí qí qū zhé﹑ xiǎng xiàng fēng fù qí tè de gù shì。 tā men duì yī bù fēn táng chuán qí ( zhù yào shì shén guài yī lèi zuò pǐn ) de tí cái﹑ gòu sī yǐ zhì xì zhì de miáo huì yòu yī dìng yǐng xiǎng﹐ tóng shí yě gěi tā men chàn rù liǎo dà liàng zōng jiào mí xìn de zá zhì。
táng dài chuán qí de fā zhǎn guò chéng
lì jīng qián qī， zhōng qī hé hòu qī sān gè jiē duàn。
* qián qī zì táng chū zhì táng sù zōng shí *
qián qī zuò pǐn xiàn cún hěn shǎo﹐ zhì liàng yě bù jí zhōng qī﹐ dàn yǐ xiǎn shì chū táng chuán qí de tè sè hé chuàng xīn jīng shén。 táng chuán qí zhōng zuì zǎo de《 gǔ jìng jì》， xiāng chuán wéi suí mò táng chū rén wáng dù zuò﹐ nèi róng bù tuō liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō yú fēng。 tā yǐ gǔ jìng wéi xiàn suǒ﹐ bǎ shí duō gè guài yì gù shì lián zhuì qǐ lái zǔ chéng cháng piān﹐ xù shù jiào wéi xì zhì﹐ jiào zhī bǐ jì shì de liù cháo xiǎo shuō shì yī dà jìn bù。《 bǔ jiāng zǒng bái yuán chuán》 yī bān tuī cè yì wéi qián shí qī zuò pǐn。 zuò zhě bù xiáng﹐ nèi róng zhǔzhì guài yī lèi﹐ qíng jié jiào qū zhé﹐ miáo huì yě jiào jù tǐ shēng dòng﹐ chū bù xiǎn shì chū táng chuán qí de yì shù chuàng xīn tè sè。《 gǔ jìng》﹑《 bái yuán》 liǎng piān﹐ biāo zhì zhù zhōng guó xiǎo shuō cóng liù cháo zhì guài xiàng táng chuán qí fā zhǎn de guò dù xíng tài。
táng gāo zōng﹑ wǔ zé tiān shí﹐ yòu zhāng zhuó suǒ zhuàn《 yóu xiān kū》﹐ zì xù tú zhōng yè tóu dà zhái﹐ féng liǎng nǚ zǐ yàn yǐn tiáoxì﹐ tíng yīxiǔ 'ér qù。 nèi róng qīng bó﹐ sì wéi xiá jì shēng huó de fǎn yìng﹐ wén cí huá yàn qiǎn sú﹐ tè duō pián lì yǔ jù﹐ qiě cháng chuān chā shī gē yùn yǔ﹐ tǐ zhì yǔ táng dài mín jiān jiǎng chàng wén xué xiāng jìn﹐ dāng shì shòu qí yǐng xiǎng。
táng xuán zōng﹑ táng sù zōng shí﹐ shǐ chēng shèng táng。 zhè shí qī shī gē fán róng﹐ chuán qí xiāng duì xiǎn dé jì mò。 dāng shí zhāng shuō céng zuò chuán qí wén。 wáng rén yù《 kāi yuán tiān bǎo yí shì》 juàn shàng《 yīng wǔ gào shì》 tiáo zài﹕ cháng 'ān háo mín yáng chóng yì wéi qī liú shì jí qí qíng fū móu shā﹐ tā rén mò zhī。 hòu yīn táng qián jià shàng yīng wǔ gào fā﹐ shǐ dé pò 'àn。 cháo tíng yīn“ fēng yīng wǔ wéi lǜ yī shǐ zhě﹐ fù hòu gōng yǎng wèi zhī﹐ zhāng shuō hòu wéi《 lǜ yī shǐ zhě chuán》﹐ hàoshìzhě chuán zhī”。 tóng shū juàn xià《 chuán shū yàn》 tiáo zài﹕ cháng 'ān háo mín guō xíng xiān zhī nǚ shào lán﹐ jià fù shāng rèn zōng。 rèn zōng nán xià jīng shāng﹐ jīng nián bù guī。 shào lán yín shī xì yú yàn zú﹐ yàn guǒ nán fēi dì yǔ rèn zōng。 zōng cì nián suì guī jiā。“ hòu wén shì zhāng shuō chuán qí shì﹐ ér hàoshìzhě xiě zhī”。 dàn zhāng shuō de zhè liǎng piān xiǎo shuō yuán wén jūn yǐ shī chuán。 lìng yòu《 qiú rán kè chuán》﹑《 shuō fú》﹑《 yú chū zhì》 jiē tí zhāng shuō zuò﹐ dàn shàng quē shǎo gèng què záo kě kào de zhèng jù。
zhāng zhuó《 yóu xiān kū》﹑ zhāng shuō《 lǜ yī shǐ zhě chuán》 děng﹐ dū miáo xiě liǎo shì mín shēng huó﹐ shuō míng zhè shí qī de chuán qí﹐ yòu xiē yǐ zài nèi róng tí cái shàng bǎi tuō liǎo liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō chuán tǒng﹐ zhù zhòng biǎo xiàn rén qíng shì tài﹐ xiàng xīn de lǐng yù kuò zhǎn。
táng qián qī yě chǎn shēng guò yī xiē xiǎo shuō zhuān jí﹐ rú táng lín《 míng bào jì》﹑ zhào zì qín《 dìng mìng lù》﹑ dài fú《 guǎng yì jì》 děng ( gù kuàng《 dài shì guǎng yì jì xù》 )。 zhè xiē zhuān jí yuán shū yǐ yì﹐ bù fēn bǎo cún zài《 tài píng guǎng jì》 zhōng。 nèi róng dà dǐ jì shù shén guài hé yīn guǒ bào yìng zhī shì﹐ yán xí liù cháo zhì guài chuán tǒng﹐ quē shǎo chuàng zào xìng﹑ wén zì yī bān yě pō jiǎn zhì﹐ jǐn shǎo shù piān zhāng xù shù jiào wéi wǎn qū。 yòu yòu niú sù de《 jì wén》。 jì shù nèi róng shāo guǎng fàn﹐ yòu xiē piān zhāng pō yòu wén cǎi。 lì rú《 wú bǎo 'ān》 xiě wú bǎo 'ān﹑ guō zhòng xiáng liǎng rén shēng sǐ bù yú de yǒu yì﹐ miáo xù xì zhì dòng rén﹐《 xīn táng shū》 céng cǎi qí shì rù《 zhōng yì chuán》。 tā hé《 qiú rán kè chuán》 suī yī xiě shí shì﹐ yī wéi xū gòu﹐ dàn dōushì biǎo xiàn xiá yì yī lèi rén wù﹐ tū pò liǎo zhì guài de chuán tǒng。
* zhōng qī táng dài zōng zhì táng wén zōng shí *
zhōng qī shì táng chuán qí de fán róng jiē duàn﹐ zuò pǐn duō﹐ míng jiā yě duō﹐ yī xiē zuì yōu xiù de dān piān chuán qí﹐ jīhū dū chǎn shēng zài zhè yī shí qī。 lǔ xùn céng zhǐ chū :“ wéi zì dà lì yǐ zhì dà zhōng zhōng﹐ zuò zhě yún zhēng﹐ yù shù wén yuàn﹐ shěn jì jì﹑ xǔ yáo zuǒ zhuó xiù yú qián﹐ jiǎng fáng﹑ yuán zhěn zhèn cǎi yú hòu﹐ ér lǐ gōng zuǒ﹑ bái xíng jiǎn﹑ chén hóng﹑ shěn yà zhī bèi﹐ zé qí zhuó yì yě。” (《 táng sòng chuán qí jí》 xù lì ) zhè shí qī de chuán qí zuò pǐn﹐ cóng nèi róng tí cái shàng kàn﹐ dà zhì kě fēn wéi shén guài﹑ ài qíng﹑ lì shǐ﹑ xiá yì zhū lèi。 qí zhōng yòu xiē zuò pǐn nèi róng jiāo chā﹐ rú shén guài jiān 'ài qíng lèi de tí cái jiù hěn duō﹐ qí tā tí cái yě yòu jié hé de。
shén guài lèi： jiǎng de shì shén xiān guǐ guài yī lèi gù shì。 tí cái suī yán xí liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō de chuán tǒng﹐ dàn nèi róng﹑ xíng shì dū jù yòu xīn de tè sè。 shěn jì jì《 zhěn zhōng jì》﹑ lǐ gōng zuǒ《 nán kē tài shǒu chuán》﹐ fēn bié xiě lú shēng﹑ chún yú fén yú mèng zhōng wèi jí zǎixiàng﹐ quán shì hè﹐ mèng xǐng jué wù﹐ guī yǐ zōng jiào。 zhù tí wéi biǎo xiàn rén shì róng huá fù guì rú mèng jìng zhī kōng xū﹐ bù zú píng shì。 tí cái jiē shòu nán cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō《 yōu míng lù》 zhōng《 jiāo hú miào zhù》 de yǐng xiǎng。 dàn《 jiāo hú miào zhù》 quán wén jìnbǎi yú zì﹐ xiě yáng lín zài zhěn zhōng hūn huàn dé yì zhī shì bù guò shù shí zì。 xù shù jiǎn lüè﹔《 zhěn zhōng》﹑《 nán kē》 liǎng piān zé piān fú jiào cháng﹐ miáo huì jù tǐ﹐ wěi qū xì zhì﹐ xiǎn shì chū“ shī zhī zǎo huì﹐ kuò qí bō lán” de tè sè。 ér qiě yóu yú bǎ mèng jìng zhōng de shì tú róng yù yǔ bō zhé pū xù dé lín lí jìn zhì﹐ yě jiànjiē fǎn yìng liǎo dāng shí cháo tíng hé guān chǎng de mǒu xiē qíng kuàng﹐ jù yòu yī dìng de xiàn shí yì yì。 cǐ wài﹐《 gǔ yuè dòu jīng》﹑《 lú jiāng féng 'ǎo chuán》﹑《 sān mèng jì》﹑《 zhōu qín xíng jì》 děng﹐ huò shù shén guǐ﹐ huò jì qí mèng﹐ yě shǔ yú zhè yī lèi。
shén guài jiān 'ài qíng lèi： shěn jì jì《 rénshìzhuàn》﹐ xiě hú jīng huà wéi měi nǚ rénshì﹐ yǔ pín shì zhèng liù tóng jū﹐ rénshì bù jǐn yàn lì fēi fán﹐ shàn liáng cōng huì﹐ bìng néng kàng yù jiàng bào﹐ xíng xiàng dòng rén﹐ wéi hòu shì《 liáo zhāi zhì yì》 děng zhù zhòng xiě hú jīng gù shì de xiān dǎo﹐ gù shì wén bǐ yě jiào qí《 zhěn zhōng jì》 gèng wéi xì nì。 chén xuán yòu《 lí hún jì》﹐ xiě zhāng qiàn niàn wèile zhuī suí 'ài rén wáng zhòu﹐ hún bó yǔ qū tǐ xiāng lí。 lǐ cháo wēi《 liǔ yì chuán》﹐ xiě shū shēng liǔ yì chuán shū dā jiù dòng tíng lóng nǚ tuō lí kùn jìng hòu﹐ jǐ jīng qū zhé﹐ zhōng yú yǔ lóng nǚ jié wéi fū fù﹐ qíng jié lí qí﹐ xìng gé xiān míng﹐ pū xù xì zhì﹐ wén cí huá yàn﹐ wéi táng chuán qí zhōng de jié zuò。 lǐ jǐng liàng《 lǐ zhāng wǔ chuán》﹐ xiě lǐ zhāng wǔ yǔ huá zhōu jiē fāng fù nǚ wáng shì yī dù rè liàn﹐ wáng shì bìng gù hòu﹐ guǐ hún yǔ zhòng yóu jiù dì﹑ yè jū qí zhái de lǐ zhāng wǔ zhuī xù huān qíng。 wāng bì jiāng chēng qí xù shù“ wén bǐ wǎn qū﹐ qī yàn gǎn rén”﹐ bìng wèi《 liáo zhāi zhì yì》 zhuān xué cǐ zhǒng bǐ fǎ（《 táng rén xiǎo shuō》）。 zhè xiē piān zhāng﹐ shí jì xiě dedōu shì yǐ 'ài qíng hūn yīn wéi zhù de rén qíng shì tài﹐ rú guǒ bō qù qí shén guài wài yī﹐ jiù shì yōu xiù de 'ài qíng xiǎo shuō﹐ lìng wài﹐ chén yà zhī《 xiāng zhōng yuàn jiě》﹑《 yì mèng lù》﹑《 qín mèng jì》 sān piān﹐ yě shǔ zhè yī lèi zuò pǐn。 xù shì suī jiào jiǎn yuē﹐ dàn duō shī gē﹐ ráo yòu yùn zhì﹐ biǎo xiàn chū zuò zhě yào miǎo de qíng sī。
ài qíng lèi： chú shàng shù yǐ shén guài xíng shì chū xiàn de 'ài qíng gù shì wài﹐ hái yòu yī xiē zhuān xiě rén jiān 'ài qíng de chuán qí。 rú xǔ yáo zuǒ《 liǔ shì chuán》﹐ xiě shī rén hán yì（ yī zuò“ hán hóng”） yǔ liǔ shì xiāng 'ài﹐ jīng dòng luàn lí sàn﹐ zuì hòu tuán yuán de gù shì。 cǐ shì yě jiàn yú mèng qǐ《 běn shì shī》﹐ dāng wéi shí shì。 yòu rú bái xíng jiǎn《 lǐ wá chuán》﹐ xiě xíng yáng dà zú zhèng shēng rè liàn cháng 'ān chàng nǚ lǐ wá﹐ lǚ jīng bō zhé﹐ jǐ jīng sàng shēng﹐ zhōng huò měi hǎo jié jú。 jiǎng fáng《 huò xiǎo yù chuán》， xiě shǎn xī lǐ yì yǔ cháng 'ān chàng jiā huò xiǎo yù xiāng 'ài﹐ hòu dēng dì shòu guān﹐ suì zhì fù xīn。 zhè liǎng piān chuán qí﹐ dū yǐ shì zú zǐ dì yǔ jì nǚ de liàn 'ài wéi tí cái﹐ yòu qí xiàn shí yì yì。 táng dài shì rén yǐ qǔ míng mén nǚ zǐ wéi róng﹐ yīn zhè zhǒng lián yīn yòu lì yú shì jìn hé tí gāo shè huì dì wèi。 shì zú zǐ dì nì 'ài chàng jì﹐ yī bān shuō lái zhǐ néng shì zàn shí de fēng liú yùn shì。 lǐ wá zài zhèng shēng dēng dì shòu guān hòu﹐ yào qiú lí qù﹐ bìng quàn zhèng shēng“ dāng jié yuán dǐng zú”。 huò xiǎo yù yě zì zhī yǔ lǐ yì de tóng jū shēng huó bù néng chí jiǔ﹐ zhǐ qiú zàn dù bā nián﹐ dāng lǐ yì mǎn 30 suì shí﹐ zài“ miào xuǎn gāo mén”。 zhè lǐ fǎn yìng liǎo sēn yán de jiē jí jiè xiàn hé zhēn zhì 'ài qíng zhī jiān de shēn kè máo dùn。 liǎng piān chuán qí de zhù yào rén wù xìng gé xiān míng tū chū﹐ qíng jié qū zhé﹐ bō lán qǐ fú﹐ wén bǐ xì nì shēng dòng﹐ yǔ《 nán kē tài shǒu chuán》﹑《 liǔ yì chuán》﹑《 qiú rán kè chuán》 děng piān﹐ gòng tóng biāo zhì zhù táng chuán qí yì shù de gāo fēng。 zài zhè lèi zuò pǐn zhōng﹐ yuán zhěn de《 yīng yīng chuán》 yě hěn zhù míng。 piān zhōng kè huà yīng yīng xìng gé yóu wéi shēn kè xì zhì。
lì shǐ lèi： yǐ chén hóng de《 cháng hèn gē chuán》 hé《 dōng chéng lǎo fù chuán》 wéi dài biǎo。《 cháng hèn gē chuán》 qián bàn xiě táng xuán zōng chǒng xìng yáng guì fēi﹐ cháo zhèng fǔ bài﹐ zhāo zhì 'ān shǐ zhī luàn﹐ bào lù liǎo xuán zōng hòu qī de hēi 'àn xiàn shí。 hòu bàn xiě yáng fēi sǐ hòu﹐ xuán zōng rì yè sī niàn﹐ yòu shǔ dì fāng shì wéi zhì péng hú xiān shān fǎng dé yáng fēi﹐ gù shì chún chū xū gòu﹐ dàn xù shù wǎn qū﹐ fù yòu qíng zhì。 tóng shí yòu bái jū yì suǒ zuò《 cháng hèn gē》 yǔ chuán wén xiāng pèi hé。《 dōng chéng lǎo fù chuán》 xiě jiǎ chāng shàonián shí yǐ shàn yú dǒu jī dé xuán zōng 'ài xìng﹐ shēng shì hè﹐ cóng cè miàn fǎn yìng liǎo xuán zōng hòu qī de huāng yín shēng huó。 hòu 'ān shǐ luàn qǐ﹐ chāng jiā dào zhōng luò﹐ yǐ fó sì wéi shēng。 wén zhōng xiě dǒu jī yī duàn jiào shēng dòng﹐ dàn dà bù fēn xù shù zhì zhí﹐ bù jí《 cháng hèn gē chuán》 wén cǎi fěi rán。 táng xuán zōng dāng guó jìn wǔ shí nián﹐ shì táng dài yóu shèng zhuǎn shuāi de yī gè guān jiàn xìng lì shǐ rén wù。 tā qián qī lì jīng tú zhì﹐ yīng míng yòu wéi﹔ hòu qī mí xìn fāng shì﹐ dān nì nǚ sè﹐ xìn yòng jiān nìng﹐ zhāo zhì huò luàn。 tā yòu cháng yú shī gē yīnyuè﹐ fù yòu cái yì。 yīn cǐ guān yú tā hé kāi yuán tiān bǎo nián jiān rén wù shì jiàn de chuán shuō tè bié duō。 táng rén shī wén﹑ bǐ jì﹑ xiǎo shuō zhōng yě yòu xǔ duō yòu guān tā de gē yǒng hé jìzǎi。 xiǎo shuō chú shàng shù chén hóng 'èr chuán wài﹐ shàng yòu wú jīng《 kāi yuán shēng píng yuán》 ( yī shuō chén hóng zuò )。 guō shí《 gāo lì shì wàizhuàn》 děng﹐ dàn wén bǐ dū jiào pǔ zhí﹐ quē shǎo wén xué xìng。
xiá yì lèi： zhè lèi xiǎo shuō zài táng zhōng qī hái jiào shǎo﹐ lǐ gōng zuǒ yòu《 xiè xiǎo 'é chuán》。 xiě xiè xiǎo 'é de fù qīn﹑ zhàng fū wéi dào shēn lán﹑ shēn chūn suǒ shā。 xiǎo 'é nǚ bàn nán zhuāng﹐ yōng yú shēn lán jiā﹐ zhōng yú shè jì shā lán qín chūn﹐ biǎo xiàn liǎo zhì yǒng jù bèi de xiá yì jīng shén。 shěn yà zhī《 féng yàn chuán》﹐ xiě féng yàn yǔ huá zhōu jiāng zhāng yīng qī sī tōng﹐ hòu yīng qī shòu dāo yú féng lìng shā qí fū﹐ féng nù qí bù yì 'ér shā zhī﹐ jí wén yīng wèicǐ méng qū jiāng lù﹐ fù tǐng shēn chū 'ér zì shǒu﹐ yě biǎo xiàn liǎo fàn fǎ hòu yǒng yú chéng dān zé rèn de háo xiá zuò fēng。 cǐ wài﹐ rú《 liǔ yì chuán》 zhōng de qián táng jūn﹐《 liǔ shì chuán》 zhōng de xǔ jùn﹐《 huò xiǎo yù chuán》 zhōng de huáng shān kè﹐ yědōu shǔ yú xiá yì yī lèi rén wù﹐ dàn zài quán piān zhōng bù shì zhù yào juésè。 zhè lèi xiǎo shuō zài táng wǎn qī yòu jiào dà de fā zhǎn。
* hòu qī zì táng wén zōng shí zhì táng mò *
hòu qī dān piān chuán qí xiàn cún hěn shǎo﹐ xiěde jiào hǎo de shì xuē diào《 wú shuāng chuán》﹑ wú míng shì《 líng yìng chuán》﹑《 dōng yáng yè guài lù》 zhū piān。 chuán qí zhuān jí zé dà liàng chū xiàn﹐ wèi chéng fēng qì。 qí zhōng bǐ jiào zhù míng de﹐ chú niú sēng rú《 xuán guài lù》﹑ lǐ fù yán《 xù xuán guài lù》 kě néng zài wén zōng cháo shāo qián shí qī suǒ zuò wài﹐ jì yòu zhèng hái gǔ《 bó yì zhì》﹑ xuē yòng ruò《 jí yì jì》﹑ zhāng dú《 xuān shì zhì》﹑ yuán jiāo《 gān zé yáo》﹑ péi xíng《 chuán qí》﹑ kāng pián《 jù tán lù》﹑ huáng fǔ méi《 sān shuǐ xiǎo dú》 děng。 chuán qí zhuān jí zhōng de zuò pǐn﹐ bù jìn shì biān zhuàn zhě de chuàng zuò﹐ rú《 xù xuán guài lù》 zhōng de《 ní miào jì》﹐ cǎi zì lǐ gōng zuǒ《 xiè xiǎo 'é chuán》 ér lüè yòu biàn huà﹐《 bó yì zhì》 zhōng de《 shěn yà zhī》 tiáo﹐ cǎi zì shěn yà zhī《 yì mèng lù》。 yóu yú zhuān jí dà liàng chǎn shēng﹐ zuò pǐn shù liàng yuǎn yuǎn chāo guò qián liǎng qī﹔ dàn chú yòu yī bù fēn xiěde bǐ jiào xì zhì shēng dòng wài﹐ duō shù piān fú duǎn xiǎo﹐ xù shì jiǎn lüè﹐ jì shù shén guài。 fù yǔ liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō jiē jìn﹐ wén xué chéng jiù zé yuǎn xùn yú zhōng qī de dān piān chuán qí。
shén guài gù shì zhōng﹐ rú《 líng yìng chuán》 xiě lóng nǚ jiǔ niàn zǐ kàng jù cháo nà xiǎo lóng bī hūn﹐ qiú dé jīng yuán jié dù shǐ zhōu bǎo fā bīng yuán zhù﹐ zhōng yú zhàn shèng cháo nà xiǎo lóng﹐ qíng jié jiào wéi qū zhé﹐ xiǎn rán shòu liǎo《 liǔ yì chuán》 de yǐng xiǎng。《 dōng yáng yè guài lù》 xiě xiù cái chéng zì xū tú zhōng yè tóu huāng zhái﹐ yù tuó tuó﹑ lǘ﹑ jī﹑ māo﹑ cì děng wù guài﹐ gè huà wéi rén﹐ hù xiāng fù shī chóu dá﹐ bìng yǔ zì xū tán lùn。 tiān jiāng xiǎo﹐ zhū guài jūn yǐn qù﹐ zì xū yí 'ér fǎng zhī﹐ nǎi zhī shì wù guài﹐ mò duàn gòu sī﹐ pō yǔ《 nán kē tài shǒu chuán》 jié wěi jiē jìn。《 xù xuán guài lù》 zhōng de《 dìng hūn diàn》﹐ xiě de shì“ yuè xià lǎo rén” zhǎng guǎn hūn yīn bù cè de zhù míng gù shì。《 chuán qí》 zhōng de《 péi háng》﹐ xiě xiù cái péi háng yú lán tián yì yù xiān nǚ﹐ jīng guò jiān kǔ nǔ lì﹐ zhōng chéng juàn shǔ de gù shì﹐ yě guǎng fàn liú chuán yú hòu shì。《 xù xuán guài lù》 zhōng de《 dù zǐ chūn》﹐ tí cái běn yú《 dà táng xī yù jì》 juàn qī zhōng“ liè shì chí”﹐ xiě dù zǐ chūn yīn luò tuò bù shàn zhì shēng 'ér pín kùn。 yù yī lǎo dào rén﹐ cháng zī gěi zhī。 hòu dào rén yǐn zhī rù huá shān﹐ lìng qí jìng zuò qiú xiān﹐ wù wéi yī qiē wài jiè huàn jìng suǒ huò。 zǐ chūn chū néng shǒu jiè﹐ hòu jiàn qí 'ài zǐ bèi shā﹐ hū fā 'ài shēng﹐ suì qián gōng jìn qì。 xiǎo shuō zhù zhǐ zài xuān chuán dào jiào qì jué chén sú de chū shì sī xiǎng﹐ dàn miáo mó xì zhì﹐ biǎo xiàn liǎo jiào gāo de yì shù jì qiǎo。
huáng fǔ méi《 sān shuǐ xiǎo dú》 zhōng de《 bù fēi yān》﹑ xuē diào de《 wú shuāng chuán》 shì hòu qī 'ài qíng xiǎo shuō zhōng jié chū de zuò pǐn。 qián zhě xiě wǔ gōng yè zhī qiè bù fēi yān de 'ài qíng bēi jù﹐ xù shù wǎn qū﹐ pō yòu qíng zhì﹔ hòu zhě xiě wáng xiān kè yǔ qí biǎo mèi liú wú shuāng xiāng 'ài 'ér lì jīng bēi huān lí hé de gù shì﹐ qíng jié qū zhé﹐ miáo xiě yì shēng dòng﹐ hòu yī piān suī yǐ xiě 'ài qíng wéi zhù﹐ dàn xiá yì chéng fēn bǐ guò qù de《 liǔ shì chuán》﹑《 huò xiǎo yù chuán》 yǐ dà wéi jiā zhòng。 zhì《 chuán qí》 zhōng de《 kūn lún nú》 piān﹐ xiě kūn lún nú mó lè yǒng wǔ bù fán﹐ wéi chéng quán qí shàozhù cuī shēng de 'ài qíng﹐ yú qiáng yuán shí zhòng﹐ jié qǔ yī pǐn xūn chén jiā de nǚ jì hóng xiāo﹐ miáo xiě zhòng diǎn zé yǐ yóu 'ài qíng zhuànxiàng liǎo xiá yì。
《 gān zé yáo》 zhōng de《 hóng xiàn》 hé《 chuán qí》 zhōng de《 niè yǐn niàn》﹐ zhuān xiě xiá nǚ xíng dào xíng cì﹑ cānyù fān zhèn zhī jiān dǒu zhēng de gù shì。 táng dài zhōng hòu qī﹐ tǒng zhì jiē jí nèi bù dǒu zhēng jù liè﹐ xíng cì zhī shì﹐ shí yòu suǒ wén。 zǎixiàng wǔ yuán héng﹑ péi dù﹑ lǐ shí děng jūn céng yù cì。 liǔ chéng《 shàng qīng chuán》 yě xiě dào táng dé zōng chì zé zǎixiàng dòu cān“ xù yǎng xiá cì”。《 hóng xiàn》﹑《 niè yǐn niàn》 liǎng piān﹐ fǎn yìng liǎo dāng shí fān zhèn jiān jiān ruì dǒu zhēng de xiàn shí﹐ piān zhōng suǒ xiě de xiá shì﹐ huò néng téng kōng fēi xíng﹐ huò yòu chāo rén de wǔ yì﹐ shí jì shàng shì bǎ xiá shì shén huà liǎo﹐ zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng wéi guò qù de xiá yì gù shì suǒ wèi jiàn﹐ dāng shì shòu liú xíng de zōng jiào mí xìn ( zhù yào shì dào jiào ) de yǐng xiǎng﹐ chéng wéi hòu shì wǔ xiá xiǎo shuō de lǎn shāng。 zhì yú《 xuán guài lù》 zhōng de《 guō yuán zhèn》﹐ xiě yuán zhèn yè zhǎn zhū yāo﹐ wèimín chú hài﹐ zé yòu shì bǎ xiá yì﹑ shén guài liǎng lèi tí cái jié hé qǐ lái liǎo。
chuán qí zhuān jí zhōng hái yòu yī xiē xiǎo gù shì﹐ suī rán qíng jié bǐ jiào dān chún﹐ miáo xiě yě bù gòu xì zhì﹐ dàn sī xiǎng nèi róng jù yòu jìn bù yì yì。 rú《 sān shuǐ xiǎo dú》 zhōng de《 què yào》 xiě hú nán guān chá shǐ lǐ gēng jiā nǚ nú﹐ miàn duì sì wèi gōng zǐ de tiáoxì﹐ cóng róng yìng fù﹐ shè jì jiā yǐ yé yú﹐ biǎo xiàn liǎo bèi yā pò zhě de jī zhì hé fǎn kàng。 huáng fǔ shì《 yuán huà jì》 zhōng de《 jīng dū rú shì》﹐ xiě jīng dū yī rú shì zì chēng yòu dǎn qì bù wèi guǐ guài﹐ mǒu yè dú sù xiōng zhái﹐ xīn zhōng jīng bù﹐ chǒu tài bì lù﹐ kè huà liǎo yī gè yán xíng bù yī zhì de zhī shí fènzǐ xíng xiàng。 zhè lèi zuò pǐn piān fú duǎn xiǎo 'ér hán yì juàn yǒng﹐ hòu lái jì yún《 yuè wēi cǎo táng bǐ jì》 zhōng de mǒu xiē piān shí﹐ fēng gé yǔ zhī xiāng jìn。
táng dài shī gē fā dá﹐ chǎn shēng liǎo bù shǎo guān yú shī rén jí qí chuàng zuò de chuán shuō hé gù shì。 qí zhōng yī bù fēn yě fù yòu chuán qí sè cǎi。 dān piān zhōng rú xǔ yáo zuǒ《 liǔ shì chuán》﹑ chén yà zhī《 qín mèng jì》﹐ zhuān jí zhōng rú《 jí yì jì》 de《 wáng wéi》﹑《 wáng huàn zhī》 děng jūn shǔ cǐ lèi。 wǎn táng fàn shū《 yún xī yǒu yì》﹑ mèng qǐ《 běn shì shī》 liǎng shū﹐ zhù yào huò zhuān mén jìzǎi yòu guān shī rén shī zuò de gù shì。 wèi jìn rén chóng shàng qīng tán fàng dàn﹐ chǎn shēng liǎo《 yǔ lín》﹑《 shì shuō xīn yǔ》 děng bǐ jì xiǎo shuō﹔ táng rén chóng shàng shī gē﹐ chǎn shēng liǎo《 yún xī yǒu yì》﹑《 běn shì shī》 děng gù shì jí﹔ cóng zhōng dōukě yǐ kàn chū yī gè shí dài de tè shū fēng qì。
zōng shàng suǒ shù﹐ táng dài chuán qí de nèi róng fēng fù duō cǎi﹐ fǎn yìng de shè huì shēng huó miàn jiào guǎng﹐ yòu de biǎo xiàn liǎo nán nǚ qíng rén de bēi huān lí hé jí shè huì yuán yīn﹐ yòu de tōng guò huàn xiǎng xíng shì fǎn yìng liǎo rén men duì xìng fú shēng huó de měi hǎo lǐ xiǎng﹐ yòu de bào lù liǎo shàng céng shè huì de zhǒng zhǒng chǒu 'è xiàn xiàng﹐ yòu de gē sòng liǎo jiàn yì yǒng wéi﹐ fǎn kàng jiàng bào de háo xiá xíng wéi﹐ dà dū jù yòu jī jí yì yì。 táng chuán qí yě bāo hán zhù xǔ duō sī xiǎng zāo pò﹐ rú xuān chuán guǐ shén mí xìn hé sù mìng lùn﹐ xuān yáng nǚ rén shì yóu wù﹑ huò shuǐ﹐ zàn měi chū yú gè rén gǎn 'ēn 'ér wéi zhù zǐ xiào zhōng de xíng jìng děng děng﹐ yìng zhù yì jiàn bié。
táng chuán qí duì hòu dài wén xué de yǐng xiǎng
táng dài chuán qí duì hòu dài xiǎo shuō﹑ xìqǔ jí jiǎng chàng wén xué yòu jiào dà de yǐng xiǎng。 chuán qí tǐ chéng wéi sòng yǐ hòu lì dài wén yán duǎn piān xiǎo shuō de zhù yào yàng shì﹐ jí shǐ zài bái huà xiǎo shuō xīng qǐ hòu﹐ réng yòu yī dìng shì lì。 sòng dài jiù chū xiàn guò bù shǎo chuán qí zuò pǐn﹐ suī rán yī bān shuō lái xiěde bǐ jiào píng shí﹐ quē shǎo fēi dòng de wén cǎi﹐ dàn yě yòu yī xiē liú chuán de jiā piān﹐ rú lǔ xùn《 táng sòng chuán qí jí》 zhōng shōu lù de《 lǜ zhū chuán》﹑《 yáng tài zhēn wàizhuàn》 hé《 méi fēi chuán》﹑《 lǐ shī shī wàizhuàn》 děng。 míng dài zhù míng de chuán qí xiǎo shuō yòu qú yòu de《 jiǎn dēng xīn huà》﹑ lǐ zhēn de《 jiǎn dēng yú huà》 hé shào jǐng zhān de《 mì dēng yīn huà》。 qí zhōng《 jiǎn dēng xīn huà》 de wén bǐ yì jìng﹐ pō néng xīn rén 'ěr mù。 qīng dài pú sōng líng de《 liáo zhāi zhì yì》 gèng shì jì chéng bìng fā zhǎn liǎo táng chuán qí rén wù xíng xiàng xiān míng﹑ gù shì qíng jié qū zhé﹑ yǔ yán huá yàn shēng dòng de tè sè﹐ huò dé liǎo jù dà de chéng jiù。
táng chuán qí duì sòng yǐ hòu de bái huà duǎn piān xiǎo shuō jí huà běn yě yòu míng xiǎn yǐng xiǎng﹐ hěn duō tí cái hé rén wù wéi huà běn suǒ cǎi yòng。 jù sòng luó yè《 zuì wēng tán lù》 jìzǎi﹐ sòng dài yǐ yòu bù shǎo gēn jù táng chuán qí gù shì biān chéng de huà běn﹐ dàn duō wáng yì。 míng rén suǒ ji huà běn jí《 qīng píng shān táng huà běn》﹑“ sān yán”﹐“ èr pāi” zhōng﹐ yě bǎo cún liǎo hǎo xiē qǔ cái yú táng chuán qí de huà běn。 chuán qí zhōng xù shì﹑ shī bǐ﹑ yì lùn jié hé de xíng shì﹐ jí suǒ wèi“ wén bèi zhòng tǐ” de tè diǎn﹐ yǐ jí chuán qí miáo xiě rén wù de shǒu duàn﹐ rú bǐ jiào xì nì de xì jié miáo xiě﹐ chuán shén de rén wù duì huà děng﹐ huà běn yědōu yòu suǒ jiè jiàn hé fā zhǎn。
táng chuán qí de tí cái﹑ gù shì duì hòu shì xìqǔ yǐ jí jiǎng chàng wén xué de yǐng xiǎng﹐ yī xiàng wéi yán jiū zhě men suǒ zhù yì。 dà fán zhù míng de chuán qí gù shì﹐ zài hòu dài dū gè zì chǎn shēng ruò gān tóng yī tí cái de xìqǔ。 zuì wéi rén suǒ zhī de shì《 cháng hèn gē chuán》 duì yuán dài wáng bó chéng de zhū gōng diào《 tiān bǎo yí shì》﹑ bái pǔ de zá jù《 wú tóng yǔ》 hé qīng dài hóng shēng de chuán qí xìqǔ《 cháng shēng diàn》 de yǐng xiǎng﹐《 yīng yīng chuán》 duì sòng dài zhào lìng zhì de《 cuī yīng yīng shuāng diào dié liàn huā gǔ zǐ cí》﹑ yuán dài wáng shí fǔ de《 xī xiāng jì》 de yǐng xiǎng﹐《 huò xiǎo yù chuán》﹑《 zhěn zhōng jì》﹑《 nán kē tài shǒu chuán》 duì tānɡ xiǎn zǔ de chuán qí xìqǔ“ yù míng táng sì mèng” de yǐng xiǎng děng děng。 yóu yú táng chuán qí chéng wéi hòu shì xìqǔ﹑ xiǎo shuō jí qǔ tí cái jìn xíng zài chuàng zuò de bǎo kù zhī yī﹐ yīn 'ér yòu rén bǎ zhè zhǒng xiàn xiàng yǔ xī là shén huà duì hòu lái 'ōu zhōu wén xué de yǐng xiǎng xiāng bǐ nǐ。
táng dài chuán qí de yǔ yán
táng dài chuán qí de yǔ yán﹐ yī bān yùn yòng sǎntǐ﹐ dàn duō sì zì jù﹐ jù fǎ jiào zhěng qí﹐ yán xí liǎo liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō de chuán tǒng。 liù cháo zhì guài xiǎo shuō rú《 sōu shén jì》 děng﹐ yǔ yán bǐ jiào zhì pǔ﹐ bù jiǎng jiū duì 'ǒu hé cí zǎo﹐ zài dāng shí qū bié“ wén”“ bǐ” de fēng qì xià﹐ shǔ yú“ bǐ” zhè yī lèi﹐ dàn yīn shòu pián wén shèng xíng de yǐng xiǎng﹐ yī bù fēn yǔ jù jù fǎ bǐ jiào zhěng qí﹐ fēng gé shàng yě yòu yǔ pián wén jiē jìn de yī miàn。 táng dài chuán qí de yǔ yán﹐ jiù shì yán zhù zhè yī lù zǐ fā zhǎn de。 gè bié piān zhāng rú《 yóu xiān kū》﹐ shèn zhì yǐ pián tǐ wéi zhù﹐ dàn duō shù zuò pǐn suī jiā zá pián jù﹐ jī běn shàng réng shì sǎntǐ。 bù guò yóu yú zuò zhě yòu yì zhòng shì wén cǎi﹐ bù shǎo zuò pǐn yǔ yán pō wéi huá yàn。
zhōng táng shí dài chuán qí fán róng﹐ míng piān dié chū﹐ gǔ wén dà jiā hán yù﹑ liǔ zōng yuán zài dāng shí fēng qì yǐng xiǎng xià﹐ yě xiě liǎo jǐ piān jiē jìn chuán qí de wén zhāng﹐ rú hán yù de《 máo yíng chuán》﹑ liǔ zōng yuán de《 hé jiān chuán》 zhī lèi。 dàn tā men bù xiàng chuán qí nà yàng zhù yì jiǎng shù yòu qù wèi de gù shì﹐ zhù zhòng biǎo xiàn zuò zhě de yì xiǎng hé wén cǎi﹐ ér shì rú lǔ xùn suǒ shuō“ yǐ yù yán wéi běn﹐ wén cí wéi mò”﹐ qí shí“ wú shè yú chuán qí”（《 zhōng guó xiǎo shuō shǐ lüè》）。
chuán qí xù shì yī bān jù tǐ xì zhì﹐ wén cí bǐ jiào huá yàn﹐ gǔ wén zé xù shì jiǎn lüè﹐ wén cí lì qiú gǔ yǎ。 sòng fàn zhòng yān《 yuè yáng lóu jì》﹐ xiě dēng lóu suǒ jiàn jǐng wù﹐ pū chén jiào wéi jù tǐ﹐ jù fǎ yì jiào zhěng qí﹐ jiē jìn pián tǐ﹐ biàn bèi gǔ wén jiā yǐn zhū jī wéi“ chuán qí”（《 hòu shān shī huà》）﹐ cǐ shì pō zú shuō míng 'èr zhě wén fēng de qū bié。 suǒ yǐ《 máo yíng chuán》 děng yī lèi zuò pǐn﹐ shí jì shàng bù néng suàn zuò chuán qí wén。
táng dài chuán qí de jié jí hé yán jiū zī liào
wǎn táng chén hàn cǎi lù táng chuán qí de xǔ duō yōu xiù piān zhāng﹐ biān chéng《 yì wén jí》 10 juàn﹐ yuán shū yǐ yì﹐ qí zhōng yī bù fēn wéi《 tài píng guǎng jì》 suǒ cǎi lù。 sòng chū lǐ fǎng děng suǒ biān《 tài píng guǎng jì》 500 juàn﹐ fēn lèi biān zuǎn hàn﹑ wèi yǐ qì sòng chū de xiǎo shuō﹑ yě shǐ﹑ zá jì děng﹐ qǔ cái hóng fù﹐ shì bǎo cún hàn wèi liù cháo hé táng dài xiǎo shuō de yuān sǒu。 míng qīng shí dài suǒ biān de《 shuō hǎi》﹑《 wǔ cháo xiǎo shuō》﹑《 táng rén shuō huì》 děng shū﹐ zé wǎng wǎng“ wàng zhì piān mù﹐ gǎi tí zhuàn rén”（ lǔ xùn《 táng sòng chuán qí jí xù lì》）﹐ bù kě píng xìn。“ wǔ sì” yǐ hòu﹐ lǔ xùn jù《 wén yuàn yīng huá》﹑《 tài píng guǎng jì》 děng shū﹐ qù wěi cún zhēn﹐ zhuān cǎi táng﹑ sòng dān piān chuán qí wéi《 táng sòng chuán qí jí》 yī shū﹐ mò fù《 bài biān xiǎo zhuì》﹐ duì suǒ shōu gè piān chuán qí jí qí zuò zhě jìn xíng kǎo dìng﹐ bǎ zhè fāng miàn de zhěng lǐ yán jiū gōng zuò yǐn rù kē xué huà de dào lù。 hòu wāng bì jiāng yòu biān《 táng rén xiǎo shuō》 yī shū﹐ chú dān piān wài﹐ hái xuǎn lù liǎo yī bù fēn zhuān jí zhōng de dài biǎo zuò pǐn﹐ gè piān jūn yòu shuō míng kǎo dìng﹐ kě yǔ《 táng sòng chuán qí jí》 xiāng fǔ bìng xíng。 táng chuán qí de zhuān jí﹐ jīn rén yì zài fēn bié jiā yǐ jiàodiǎn zhěng lǐ zhōng﹐ yǐ jīng chū bǎn de yòu《 bó yì zhì》﹑《 jí yì jì》﹑《 chuán qí》 děng。
yán jiū fāng miàn： lǔ xùn《 zhōng guó xiǎo shuō shǐ lüè》 zhōng yòu 3 piān wén zhāng﹐ duì táng chuán qí de tè sè﹑ lì shǐ dì wèi yǔ zhòng yào zuò jiā zuò pǐn﹐ zuò liǎo jīng dāng de lùn shù。 liú kāi róng《 táng dài xiǎo shuō yán jiū》 (1947 nián chū bǎn﹐ 1955 nián xiū dìng chóngbǎn )﹐ xuǎn zé ruò gān dài biǎo zuò pǐn﹐ zhù zhòng jié hé shí dài bèi jǐng jìn xíng tàn tǎo。
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zài táng dài chuán qí dāng zhōng， yòu sān gè xiǎo gù shì， jiào《 zhǐ yuè》、《 qǔ yuè》、《 liú yuè》。 zhǐ yuè jiù shì yòu yī gè rén， néng gòu jiǎn gè zhǐ de yuè liàng zhào míng， lìng yī gè rén qǔ yuè， néng gòu bǎ yuè liàng ná xià lái fàng zài zì jǐ huái lǐ， méi yòu yuè liàng shí hòu zhào zhào， dì sān gè rén liú yuè， bǎ yuè guāng fàng zài zì jǐ de lán zǐ lǐ biān， hēi tiān de shí hòu ná chū lái zhào zhào。 dōuhěn jiǎn dān， yī bǎi lái gè zì， jǐ shí gè zì。 yóu cǐ pú sōng líng ná lái xiě liǎo《 láo shān dào shì》。 zhè shì dà jiā hěn shú xī de liáo zhāi gù shì。
Tang Dynasty Classical Chinese short story, anecdote narrated over the content of different things, later known as the Tang Dynasty legend, or Tang Dynasty.
And the reasons for the prosperity of the Tang Legend
Chinese fiction in the Wei and Jin Dynasties still in its infancy, when a large number of the account of God's supernatural ghost stories, novels such as the small number of personnel record "Shi", many of the top people in the conversation recorded and anecdotes. These novels, probably are short, simple writing style, lack of specific description. Tales in the Tang Dynasty, the situation has changed dramatically. Only part of the legendary account of the contents of the Tang Dynasty spirits ghosts, the large variety of world records world state, the characters are upper, but also lower, reflecting a much wider area than in the past, life is also more intense flavor. In the art form, longer length, "describes Wanzhuan, diction Hua Yan, Chen outline of the Six Dynasties were more crude, very clear traces the evolution of" (Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Fiction"); part of the work has shaped the distinctive character moving image. The emergence of the Tang Dynasty legend that ancient Chinese stories to mature. Song Mai said: "The Chinese novel, not unfamiliar with. Tiny circumstances, Qi Wan stricken, not knowing who encountered God Xun. And poetry can be said that a generation of Church law." ("Tang Hui said," By way of illustration cited) he compared with the Tang Dynasty to Tang, spoke highly of.
Tang Legend of prosperity, there are certain historical, social causes. After unifying China, Tang dynasty, more long-term stability to the community, agriculture and industry and commerce have been developed, such as Luoyang, Chang'an ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Yangzhou, Chengdu and other major cities, large population and economic prosperity. In order to adapt to the general public and civic life, the needs of the ruling class, in such large cities, the private sector "to speak" (story) Art came into being. At that time the prosperity of Buddhism, Buddhists also use this popular art form of singing Buddhist stories or other stories to attract audience ﹑ promote Buddhism, so he produced a large number of variable text, for the "talking" art. From the civil to the top, talk generally loved by the people. Guo Shi, "Lishi rumored" records, Emperor lonely old age, Gao Lishi often let him hear "into words," change the text that is said to relieve boredom fun and fiction. Wang, "View of Man prostitute" ﹑ Kishi old "to see women turn Zhaojun Shu change" poetry, have said that the female prostitutes singing the story of Wang Zhaojun. "Hell to Save His Wife" story was familiar to and Zhang Hu Bai ﹑ reference (Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" ﹑ Wang will guarantee "The Corrections.") Duan-style "Exposition of" sequel "demoted wrong" articles he Wo Kee concept of hybrid between a play there, "City People's Fiction," a story about famous doctor Bian Que. The so-called "city person fiction", referring to the story of neighborhood artists and speaking. Literati of the time together, they have to "speak" recreation. Yuan Zhen, "writes the 100 paid Bai Xueshi rhyme" poem: "Langhammer titles do, time shift obedient." From the note: "Lotte from each tour and I, are all the title the wall, You Chang Yu Xinchang house say, 'a flower words', since the Yin to had, is still unknown complete words also. "" a flower, then "talk white line is simple," Tale of Li Wa "is written the story, calendar four hours, the term of the present eight hours not yet finished, we can see very detailed description. Not yesterday, in some Tang, often referred to writing this article because of the friendship between the "words", such as "Night Talk feast day" ("Biography of Ren") ﹑ "night, then sign differences" ("Lujiang von Nurse Communication ") ﹑" words and the matter "(" Regret Biography ") ﹑" by words and wonders "(" Xu Xuan Miao strange silence recorded ‧ Niger "), and so on. Popular among teachers of the law "speak" atmosphere, and its "words" art and very detailed, is to promote a large number of Tang Dynasty and has achieved remarkable achievements produced a reason.
After following the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhist and further development in the Tang Dynasty, is widely popular in the community. Two teaching classical and literary works such as paintings and other variable text ﹑ plot contains a lot of strange twists and turns ﹑ imaginative strange story. Their part of the Tang Dynasty (mainly fantasy kind of work) the idea of subjects as well as detailed descriptions of ﹑ have some influence, but also to their confusion into a large number of religious superstition of impurities.
The development of the Tang Dynasty legend
After early, middle and late stages.
* Since the Early Tang Dynasty Suzong early hours *
Pre-existing works of small and medium-term quality is not, however, has shown the characteristics of Tang and innovation. Tang in the first "Ancient Mirror", is said to Wang khanate degree for, the content is not more than the wind off the Six Ghost Stories. It is the mirror leads to more than 10 odd suffix together to form a long story, described in more detail, than the note-style Six novel is a big step forward. "Added Jiang white ape Biography" before the period of general speculation also works. Author unknown, the contents are a class of supernatural, plot more twists and turns, depicting the specific and vivid than the initial showing of art Tang innovative features. "Old Mirror", "White Ape" 2, marks the Chinese novel from the Six Dynasties to Tang Ghost shape the development of the transition.
Gaozong ﹑ Empress Wu, there are written by Zhang Zhuo, "Visit the Cave," Autobiography night on his way to vote mansion, every feast molested two women, stopped one night away. Content of light, seems to play with prostitutes living reflection of diction Hua Yan shallow, Trinidad and Tobago Parallelism, statements, often with interspersed poems in English, institutional and talking and singing folk literature similar to the Tang Dynasty, when is affected.
Zhang Zhuo "Fairy Cave" ﹑ Zhang said, "postman Biography", have described the life of the people, explain the legend of this period, some of the content subject matter in the Six Ghost Stories out of the traditional emphasis on human performance in the world state, to the new areas of expansion.
* When * the medium-term in Tang to Emperor Tang Wenzong
The prosperity of the mid Tang period, many works are more famous, some of the best single article legendary, almost all produced in this period. Lu Xun once said: "However arrogant calendar as well as medium and large, the author goes steaming, Yu surgery BUILDING, Shen both economic ﹑ Xu Gyosa pull out show in front, Chiang anti ﹑ Yuan Zhen Zhen mining in after Lee Kinsuke, white line of Jane ﹑ Chen Hong ﹑ Shen Ya the generation, their Sublime also. "(" Song Legend Collection, "the Syrian case) the legendary works of this period, the contents of subject matter from the point of view, can be divided into historical, fantasy ﹑ ﹑ chivalrous love of various classes. Some of the content of cross-work, such as the supernatural and love kind of subject matter on many other subjects are also integrated.
Fantasy and love Category: Shen both economic "Biography of Ren" was refined into a beautiful fox Ringer, and six poor persons living together Zheng, Ren is not only beautiful and remarkable, kind and intelligent, and can resist stubborn storm, moving image, for future generations, "Strange Stories Gothic "waiting to rewrite the story of fox spirit guide, story writing style than their" Pillow Note "is more delicate. Chenxuan You "Soul in mind," wrote Zhang Qian Zhou Wang Niang love to follow, are away from the soul and body. Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", write the book scholar Liu Yi Chuan rescue dragon from Dongting predicament, after several twists and turns, finally married with the dragon, bizarre plot, vivid characters, elaborate detail, diction Hua Yan, Tang's masterpiece for the . Paul Lee, "Wu Chuan-Li Zhang," wrote Li Zhang Wu and Hua Wang once love of women state residents, Wang died, the ghost and re-visit the Home of their house the night ﹑ Li Zhang Huan Wu recount situation. Pijiang called narrative "writing Wan Qu, Qi Yan moving" and that "Lonely" special study of this technique of writing ("Chinese novel"). These chapters are written by the real love and marriage-based human world state, if stripped of its supernatural coat is good love story, In addition, Shen Ya the "Complaint Solutions Hunan", "dreams recorded", "Qin Dreams, "3, also is this type of work. Although relatively simple narrative, but more poetry, interesting charm to show on the Affectional be subtle.
Love Category: In addition to the above in the form of supernatural love story, there are a number of experts to write the legend of human love. If Xu Gyosa "Liu's autobiography," Han Yi people write poetry (1 for "Han Hong") and Liu's love, separated by unrest, the story of the last reunion. This is also found in Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" When the facts. Another example is simple white line, "Tale of Li Wa," students love to write Xingyang Han Chang Cheng Li Wa advocate women many times from twists and turns, after several were killed, finally got a happy ending. Chiang defense "Story of Huo", written in Shaanxi Huo Xiaoyu Li Yi and Chang-an advocate family love, the first awarded after the official registration, end he Ungrateful. These two legends, both to children and prostitutes aristocratic family love as a theme, has its practical significance. Tang scholars to marry women proud, because this marriage is conducive to secularization and social mobility. Children spoiled aristocratic family advocate prostitution in general is only temporary affair. Tang Zheng-Sheng Li Wa in the first official award, the requested leave, and advised Zheng students "when the end Yuan Ding family." HUO also knew to LI cohabitation can not be sustained, so the only suspense degrees for eight years, when Li Yi over 30 years of age, and then "wonderful _select_ion of high door." Here reflects the strict class boundaries and the profound contradiction between true love. The main Characters in two distinct prominent legend, plot twists and turns, ups and downs, delicate and vivid writing style, and "Biography of NanKe Prefect", "Liu Yi Chuan", "Heroic Legends" and other articles, together marked the peak of Tang Dynasty art. In such works, Yuan Zhen's "Realm" is also very famous. Yingying chapter of characterization is particularly profound and detailed character.
History class: to Chen Hong's "Song of Enduring Sorrow" and "East Side father Biography" represented. "Song of Enduring Sorrow" favorite of the first half was Emperor Yang Yuhuan, affairs of state corruption, lead to Rebellion, exposed the dark reality of the late reign. Write Yang Fei half after the death of, reign miss day and night, with Shu local persons as to penghu Spirit Mountain's visit was Yang Fei, a story of pure fiction, but the narrative Wan song, full of the delight. At the same time there is Bai's "Everlasting Regret" and mass culture match. "East Side father Biography" written Jia Chang youth, love to be good at fighting cocks were fortunate reign, momentum Hz, from the reflection of the dissolute life of the late reign. History of chaos after the safety, the Chang Family Decline, living according to Buddhist temples. Written the cock-fighting a more lively, but most of the narrative quality of straight, not as "Song of Enduring Sorrow" striking literary grace. Emperor when the country nearly five years of the Tang Dynasty to slow down a key historical figure. His previous good governance, wise and promising; late superstitious alchemist, indulgence in sex, credit crafty, invite and bring disaster. He's good at poetry, full of talent. So he and Kaiyuan Tian on characters and events between the legend is particularly high. Chinese poetry ﹑ ﹑ notes there are many novels about his singing and recorded. Novel addition to the Hung-_set_ter, there are Wu Jing, "Kaiyuan source of peace and prosperity" (I said Chen Hong for). Guo Shi, "Lishi rumor," and so on, but his writing is all over Pu Zhi, a lack of literary merit.
* Since the late Tang Emperor Tang Wenzong pm *
Fantasy stories, such as "spirit should pass," wrote Dragon Lady nine dragons forced to resist that step, obtain the original Jiedushi Zhou Jing Bao aid his troops finally defeated that step dragons, more plot twists and turns, apparently by a "Liuyi" effects. "Dongyang recorded strange night," wrote scholar into the night on his way to vote from false shortage of houses, camels, asses the event Tuo ﹑ ﹑ barbed chicken, cats and other strange things, all into one, and composition and reciprocate each other and from the virtual talk with. Day will dawn, all blame are omitted, since the virtual visit of the doubt while, I realized that a strange thing, the last paragraph of ideas, rather with the "Biography of NanKe Prefect" close to the end. "Xu Xuan strange record" in the "Engagement shop," wrote "the god of marriage" in charge of the famous story of marriage books. "Legend" in the "Pei Air", written scholar Pei relay route in case of Lam Tin, Fairy, through hard work, get married in the story, but also widespread in future generations. "Xu Xuan strange record" in the "Du Zichun" theme of this in the "Buddhist Records" VII in the "martyrs Pool", written by Luo Tuo Du Zichun poor hygiene and poor governance. Case of a seasoned person, often to the capital. Hua Shan Taoist introduced after the entry, make it sit Immortality, not to be confused for all the outside world fantasy. Child early spring can Shoujie, reflected after son killed, suddenly developed a eh sound, then come to naught. Novel subject renounced this world in promoting the birth of Taoist thought, but describe detailed, showing a high artistic skills.
Huangfu pieces of "Sanshui small slips" in the "Step flying smoke" ﹑ Xue tune of "peerless biography" are love stories in the late works of art. The former was the concubine of Wu Kung-step non-tobacco industry's love tragedy, described in Wan Qu, quite the delight; who write off his cousin Liu Xian Wang unparalleled love and experienced joys and sorrows of the story, plot twists and turns, has a vivid description, though, after a Write a love-based, but the chivalric elements than in the past, "Liu's Biography", "Story of Huo," has been greatly increased. To the "legend" in the "Kunlun Nu" articles, written Kunlun Nu Le chivalrous extraordinary wear for Choi Shing Chuen their little students love the Lord, more than 10 heavy wall, rob a home of female Kabuki product Xunchen red raw silk, describing the key then turned from love chivalry.
Legendary album in some stories, though relatively simple plot, not enough detailed description, but the ideological content and progressive. Such as "Sanshui small slips" in "have to" write home slave Hunan observed to Geng, the face of the four son's dalliance, calmly deal with the design to be ridiculed, and demonstrated the resourcefulness and against the oppressed. Huangfu's "Original of mind" in the "Kyoto Confucian", write a Confucian claimed to have the courage Kyoto afraid of ghosts, haunted house places a night alone, heart Afterward, be utterly shameless, depicts an image of what it preaches and the intellectuals . The meaning of these works are short and Meaningful, then Ji Yun "Notes of" some of the poem, with similar styles.
Tang poetry developed and produced many poets and the creation of legends and stories. Part is also legendary. If a single chapter of Xu Gyosa "Liu's Biography" ﹑ Shen Ya the "Qin Dreams" album in such as "different mind _set_" and "Wang", "King Huan of", etc. fall into this category. Late Tang Fan vent "Cloud River Friends of the meeting" ﹑ Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" two books, mainly or exclusively the poet poems written story. Wei Chong Shangqing people talk Fang Dan, resulting in the "forest language", "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and other sketches; Tangren Chong is still poetry, produced a "cloud River Friends of the meeting", "The Tale Poem" and other stories; from which one can see the special atmosphere of the times.
In summary, the Tang Dynasty legend rich in content, reflecting the broader area of social life, and some show a lover's joys and sorrows of men and women and social causes, and some forms of reflection through the illusion of the happy life of the beautiful people are good, some exposed the ugly phenomenon of the upper class, and some praise the courageous and gallant acts against the stubborn storm, mostly positive. Tang also contains many ideas dross, such as superstitious and fatalistic publicity to promote a woman is creature ﹑ troubles, mainly praise for personal gratitude and loyalty to the act of child, etc., should be noted that identification.
Tang future generations Literature
Tang to the Song the popular fictions that would have significant effect on the many themes and characters for the words used in this. According to Luo Ye Song "tippler on record" record, Song has a lot of stories compiled according to the words of the Tang Dynasty, but most of Disappearing. Ming the series, then the _set_ of "Qingpingshantang", "Three Words", "Amazing Stories", also preserved better drawn from the words of the Tang Dynasty. Legend of Poetic Narrative ﹑ ﹑ combination in the form of discussion, the so-called "Synthesis of Genres" characteristics, as well as a means of legendary character description, such as the more delicate details of the description, dialogue, vivid characters, so this also has the reference and development.
Legend of the language of the Tang Dynasty
Tang Legend of language, the general use of granular, but more than four words, syntax, more orderly, follows the tradition of the Six Ghost Stories. Six Ghost Stories such as "Immortals," and so on, more simple language, do not pay attention to the dual and rhetoric, at the time the distinction between "paper" "pen" of the climate, are "pen" of this kind, but due to popularity of parallel prose , part of the statement is relatively neat syntax, style and Parallel have close to side. Tang Legend of language, that is, the development along this road. Individual chapters such as "Fairy Cave", or even to parallel the main body, but most work though mixed parallel sentences, are basically still loose. However, as the author intended emphasis on literary styles, many works of language rather Hua Yan.
Legend of the Tang era of prosperity, Famous, and deeply all classical ﹑ Liu Han Yu atmosphere at that time under the influence, also wrote a few articles close to the legend, such as Han Yu's "Biography of Mao Ying," ﹑ Liu's "river transfer between" category. But they are not as legendary as interesting note about the story, focusing on the performance of the author liked, and literary grace, but such as Lu Xun said, "to Fable-based, text the word to the end," in fact "has nothing to Legend" ("History of Chinese Fiction Brief ").
Legend of the specific and detailed the general narrative, diction more Chinese Yan, classical is a brief narrative, diction strive quaint. Song Zhongyan "Yueyang Tower", written CASTLE see scenery, lay out more specific, syntax than the neat, close to the parallel style, prose writer Yoon-soo will be ridiculed as a "legend" ("the mountain Poetry"), this is quite sufficient explanation 2 those style differences. Therefore, the "Biography of Mao Ying," and other similar works, in fact, the text can not be regarded as legendary.
Tang Legend of clustering and research materials
Late Tang Tang Chenhan collect and record the many excellent chapters, compiled "smell different _set_ of" 10 volumes of the original book has been Lost, part of the "Taiping" which collect and record. Song, compiled by Li Fang and so on "Taiping" 500, Category compiled by Wei Han ﹑ ﹑ unofficial until the novel Song ﹑ miscellaneous notes, drawing AGF, is to preserve the Han and Tang Dynasties hotbed of fiction. Edited by Ming and Qing Dynasties, "says the sea", "Five Korean novel", "Tang Hui said," and other books, is often "jump the system table of contents, change title Composers" (Lu Xun, "Preface to the Collection case of Tang and Song Dynasty"), not by faith. "54" In the future, according to Lu Xun "princesses", "Taiping" and other books, eliminate the false and retain the true, post-mining ﹑ Song Tang Legend of single articles for the "Legend of the Tang and Song Collection", which attached to the end "side of a small barnyard suffix" Legend of the articles collected on their authors the Yellow River, this area of research in order to introduce a scientific way. After Pijiang also produced "Chinese novel" book, in addition to single articles, but also presents _select_ed part of the album's representative works of each chapter are instructions and famine with "Legend of the Tang and Song Collection" complementary parallel. Tang's album, most people also were points to be finishing school, has published a "Bo different ambitions", "different mind _set_", "legend" and so on.
Research: Lu Xun, "A Brief History of Chinese Fiction," in three articles on the characteristics of Tang ﹑ important writers and works of historical status, made a precise and appropriate discourse. Liu Kairong "Novels of the Tang Dynasty" (early 1947 edition, reissued in 1955, amended), _select_ the number of representative works, focusing on the background of the times.
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Legends in the Tang Dynasty which has three stories, called "Paper Moon", "take months", "stay on." Paper is on one person, can cut a paper moon light, take another month, be able to win to the moon on his arms, there is no time to look in the moon, the third person to stay on, the moonlight on his basket inside, black out look in the days when. Very simple, a hundred characters, hundreds of words. Thus brought Pu wrote "Laoshandaoshi." This is all very familiar story of Liao Zhai.
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