Tang Dynasty Classical Chinese short story, anecdote narrated over the content of different things, later known as the Tang Dynasty legend, or Tang Dynasty.
And the reasons for the prosperity of the Tang Legend
Chinese fiction in the Wei and Jin Dynasties still in its infancy, when a large number of the account of God's supernatural ghost stories, novels such as the small number of personnel record "Shi", many of the top people in the conversation recorded and anecdotes. These novels, probably are short, simple writing style, lack of specific description. Tales in the Tang Dynasty, the situation has changed dramatically. Only part of the legendary account of the contents of the Tang Dynasty spirits ghosts, the large variety of world records world state, the characters are upper, but also lower, reflecting a much wider area than in the past, life is also more intense flavor. In the art form, longer length, "describes Wanzhuan, diction Hua Yan, Chen outline of the Six Dynasties were more crude, very clear traces the evolution of" (Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Fiction"); part of the work has shaped the distinctive character moving image. The emergence of the Tang Dynasty legend that ancient Chinese stories to mature. Song Mai said: "The Chinese novel, not unfamiliar with. Tiny circumstances, Qi Wan stricken, not knowing who encountered God Xun. And poetry can be said that a generation of Church law." ("Tang Hui said," By way of illustration cited) he compared with the Tang Dynasty to Tang, spoke highly of.
Tang Legend of prosperity, there are certain historical, social causes. After unifying China, Tang dynasty, more long-term stability to the community, agriculture and industry and commerce have been developed, such as Luoyang, Chang'an ﹑ ﹑ ﹑ Yangzhou, Chengdu and other major cities, large population and economic prosperity. In order to adapt to the general public and civic life, the needs of the ruling class, in such large cities, the private sector "to speak" (story) Art came into being. At that time the prosperity of Buddhism, Buddhists also use this popular art form of singing Buddhist stories or other stories to attract audience ﹑ promote Buddhism, so he produced a large number of variable text, for the "talking" art. From the civil to the top, talk generally loved by the people. Guo Shi, "Lishi rumored" records, Emperor lonely old age, Gao Lishi often let him hear "into words," change the text that is said to relieve boredom fun and fiction. Wang, "View of Man prostitute" ﹑ Kishi old "to see women turn Zhaojun Shu change" poetry, have said that the female prostitutes singing the story of Wang Zhaojun. "Hell to Save His Wife" story was familiar to and Zhang Hu Bai ﹑ reference (Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" ﹑ Wang will guarantee "The Corrections.") Duan-style "Exposition of" sequel "demoted wrong" articles he Wo Kee concept of hybrid between a play there, "City People's Fiction," a story about famous doctor Bian Que. The so-called "city person fiction", referring to the story of neighborhood artists and speaking. Literati of the time together, they have to "speak" recreation. Yuan Zhen, "writes the 100 paid Bai Xueshi rhyme" poem: "Langhammer titles do, time shift obedient." From the note: "Lotte from each tour and I, are all the title the wall, You Chang Yu Xinchang house say, 'a flower words', since the Yin to had, is still unknown complete words also. "" a flower, then "talk white line is simple," Tale of Li Wa "is written the story, calendar four hours, the term of the present eight hours not yet finished, we can see very detailed description. Not yesterday, in some Tang, often referred to writing this article because of the friendship between the "words", such as "Night Talk feast day" ("Biography of Ren") ﹑ "night, then sign differences" ("Lujiang von Nurse Communication ") ﹑" words and the matter "(" Regret Biography ") ﹑" by words and wonders "(" Xu Xuan Miao strange silence recorded ‧ Niger "), and so on. Popular among teachers of the law "speak" atmosphere, and its "words" art and very detailed, is to promote a large number of Tang Dynasty and has achieved remarkable achievements produced a reason.
After following the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhist and further development in the Tang Dynasty, is widely popular in the community. Two teaching classical and literary works such as paintings and other variable text ﹑ plot contains a lot of strange twists and turns ﹑ imaginative strange story. Their part of the Tang Dynasty (mainly fantasy kind of work) the idea of subjects as well as detailed descriptions of ﹑ have some influence, but also to their confusion into a large number of religious superstition of impurities.
The development of the Tang Dynasty legend
After early, middle and late stages.
* Since the Early Tang Dynasty Suzong early hours *
Pre-existing works of small and medium-term quality is not, however, has shown the characteristics of Tang and innovation. Tang in the first "Ancient Mirror", is said to Wang khanate degree for, the content is not more than the wind off the Six Ghost Stories. It is the mirror leads to more than 10 odd suffix together to form a long story, described in more detail, than the note-style Six novel is a big step forward. "Added Jiang white ape Biography" before the period of general speculation also works. Author unknown, the contents are a class of supernatural, plot more twists and turns, depicting the specific and vivid than the initial showing of art Tang innovative features. "Old Mirror", "White Ape" 2, marks the Chinese novel from the Six Dynasties to Tang Ghost shape the development of the transition.
Gaozong ﹑ Empress Wu, there are written by Zhang Zhuo, "Visit the Cave," Autobiography night on his way to vote mansion, every feast molested two women, stopped one night away. Content of light, seems to play with prostitutes living reflection of diction Hua Yan shallow, Trinidad and Tobago Parallelism, statements, often with interspersed poems in English, institutional and talking and singing folk literature similar to the Tang Dynasty, when is affected.
Zhang Zhuo "Fairy Cave" ﹑ Zhang said, "postman Biography", have described the life of the people, explain the legend of this period, some of the content subject matter in the Six Ghost Stories out of the traditional emphasis on human performance in the world state, to the new areas of expansion.
* When * the medium-term in Tang to Emperor Tang Wenzong
The prosperity of the mid Tang period, many works are more famous, some of the best single article legendary, almost all produced in this period. Lu Xun once said: "However arrogant calendar as well as medium and large, the author goes steaming, Yu surgery BUILDING, Shen both economic ﹑ Xu Gyosa pull out show in front, Chiang anti ﹑ Yuan Zhen Zhen mining in after Lee Kinsuke, white line of Jane ﹑ Chen Hong ﹑ Shen Ya the generation, their Sublime also. "(" Song Legend Collection, "the Syrian case) the legendary works of this period, the contents of subject matter from the point of view, can be divided into historical, fantasy ﹑ ﹑ chivalrous love of various classes. Some of the content of cross-work, such as the supernatural and love kind of subject matter on many other subjects are also integrated.
Fantasy and love Category: Shen both economic "Biography of Ren" was refined into a beautiful fox Ringer, and six poor persons living together Zheng, Ren is not only beautiful and remarkable, kind and intelligent, and can resist stubborn storm, moving image, for future generations, "Strange Stories Gothic "waiting to rewrite the story of fox spirit guide, story writing style than their" Pillow Note "is more delicate. Chenxuan You "Soul in mind," wrote Zhang Qian Zhou Wang Niang love to follow, are away from the soul and body. Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", write the book scholar Liu Yi Chuan rescue dragon from Dongting predicament, after several twists and turns, finally married with the dragon, bizarre plot, vivid characters, elaborate detail, diction Hua Yan, Tang's masterpiece for the . Paul Lee, "Wu Chuan-Li Zhang," wrote Li Zhang Wu and Hua Wang once love of women state residents, Wang died, the ghost and re-visit the Home of their house the night ﹑ Li Zhang Huan Wu recount situation. Pijiang called narrative "writing Wan Qu, Qi Yan moving" and that "Lonely" special study of this technique of writing ("Chinese novel"). These chapters are written by the real love and marriage-based human world state, if stripped of its supernatural coat is good love story, In addition, Shen Ya the "Complaint Solutions Hunan", "dreams recorded", "Qin Dreams, "3, also is this type of work. Although relatively simple narrative, but more poetry, interesting charm to show on the Affectional be subtle.
Love Category: In addition to the above in the form of supernatural love story, there are a number of experts to write the legend of human love. If Xu Gyosa "Liu's autobiography," Han Yi people write poetry (1 for "Han Hong") and Liu's love, separated by unrest, the story of the last reunion. This is also found in Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" When the facts. Another example is simple white line, "Tale of Li Wa," students love to write Xingyang Han Chang Cheng Li Wa advocate women many times from twists and turns, after several were killed, finally got a happy ending. Chiang defense "Story of Huo", written in Shaanxi Huo Xiaoyu Li Yi and Chang-an advocate family love, the first awarded after the official registration, end he Ungrateful. These two legends, both to children and prostitutes aristocratic family love as a theme, has its practical significance. Tang scholars to marry women proud, because this marriage is conducive to secularization and social mobility. Children spoiled aristocratic family advocate prostitution in general is only temporary affair. Tang Zheng-Sheng Li Wa in the first official award, the requested leave, and advised Zheng students "when the end Yuan Ding family." HUO also knew to LI cohabitation can not be sustained, so the only suspense degrees for eight years, when Li Yi over 30 years of age, and then "wonderful _select_ion of high door." Here reflects the strict class boundaries and the profound contradiction between true love. The main Characters in two distinct prominent legend, plot twists and turns, ups and downs, delicate and vivid writing style, and "Biography of NanKe Prefect", "Liu Yi Chuan", "Heroic Legends" and other articles, together marked the peak of Tang Dynasty art. In such works, Yuan Zhen's "Realm" is also very famous. Yingying chapter of characterization is particularly profound and detailed character.
History class: to Chen Hong's "Song of Enduring Sorrow" and "East Side father Biography" represented. "Song of Enduring Sorrow" favorite of the first half was Emperor Yang Yuhuan, affairs of state corruption, lead to Rebellion, exposed the dark reality of the late reign. Write Yang Fei half after the death of, reign miss day and night, with Shu local persons as to penghu Spirit Mountain's visit was Yang Fei, a story of pure fiction, but the narrative Wan song, full of the delight. At the same time there is Bai's "Everlasting Regret" and mass culture match. "East Side father Biography" written Jia Chang youth, love to be good at fighting cocks were fortunate reign, momentum Hz, from the reflection of the dissolute life of the late reign. History of chaos after the safety, the Chang Family Decline, living according to Buddhist temples. Written the cock-fighting a more lively, but most of the narrative quality of straight, not as "Song of Enduring Sorrow" striking literary grace. Emperor when the country nearly five years of the Tang Dynasty to slow down a key historical figure. His previous good governance, wise and promising; late superstitious alchemist, indulgence in sex, credit crafty, invite and bring disaster. He's good at poetry, full of talent. So he and Kaiyuan Tian on characters and events between the legend is particularly high. Chinese poetry ﹑ ﹑ notes there are many novels about his singing and recorded. Novel addition to the Hung-_set_ter, there are Wu Jing, "Kaiyuan source of peace and prosperity" (I said Chen Hong for). Guo Shi, "Lishi rumor," and so on, but his writing is all over Pu Zhi, a lack of literary merit.
* Since the late Tang Emperor Tang Wenzong pm *
Fantasy stories, such as "spirit should pass," wrote Dragon Lady nine dragons forced to resist that step, obtain the original Jiedushi Zhou Jing Bao aid his troops finally defeated that step dragons, more plot twists and turns, apparently by a "Liuyi" effects. "Dongyang recorded strange night," wrote scholar into the night on his way to vote from false shortage of houses, camels, asses the event Tuo ﹑ ﹑ barbed chicken, cats and other strange things, all into one, and composition and reciprocate each other and from the virtual talk with. Day will dawn, all blame are omitted, since the virtual visit of the doubt while, I realized that a strange thing, the last paragraph of ideas, rather with the "Biography of NanKe Prefect" close to the end. "Xu Xuan strange record" in the "Engagement shop," wrote "the god of marriage" in charge of the famous story of marriage books. "Legend" in the "Pei Air", written scholar Pei relay route in case of Lam Tin, Fairy, through hard work, get married in the story, but also widespread in future generations. "Xu Xuan strange record" in the "Du Zichun" theme of this in the "Buddhist Records" VII in the "martyrs Pool", written by Luo Tuo Du Zichun poor hygiene and poor governance. Case of a seasoned person, often to the capital. Hua Shan Taoist introduced after the entry, make it sit Immortality, not to be confused for all the outside world fantasy. Child early spring can Shoujie, reflected after son killed, suddenly developed a eh sound, then come to naught. Novel subject renounced this world in promoting the birth of Taoist thought, but describe detailed, showing a high artistic skills.
Huangfu pieces of "Sanshui small slips" in the "Step flying smoke" ﹑ Xue tune of "peerless biography" are love stories in the late works of art. The former was the concubine of Wu Kung-step non-tobacco industry's love tragedy, described in Wan Qu, quite the delight; who write off his cousin Liu Xian Wang unparalleled love and experienced joys and sorrows of the story, plot twists and turns, has a vivid description, though, after a Write a love-based, but the chivalric elements than in the past, "Liu's Biography", "Story of Huo," has been greatly increased. To the "legend" in the "Kunlun Nu" articles, written Kunlun Nu Le chivalrous extraordinary wear for Choi Shing Chuen their little students love the Lord, more than 10 heavy wall, rob a home of female Kabuki product Xunchen red raw silk, describing the key then turned from love chivalry.
Legendary album in some stories, though relatively simple plot, not enough detailed description, but the ideological content and progressive. Such as "Sanshui small slips" in "have to" write home slave Hunan observed to Geng, the face of the four son's dalliance, calmly deal with the design to be ridiculed, and demonstrated the resourcefulness and against the oppressed. Huangfu's "Original of mind" in the "Kyoto Confucian", write a Confucian claimed to have the courage Kyoto afraid of ghosts, haunted house places a night alone, heart Afterward, be utterly shameless, depicts an image of what it preaches and the intellectuals . The meaning of these works are short and Meaningful, then Ji Yun "Notes of" some of the poem, with similar styles.
Tang poetry developed and produced many poets and the creation of legends and stories. Part is also legendary. If a single chapter of Xu Gyosa "Liu's Biography" ﹑ Shen Ya the "Qin Dreams" album in such as "different mind _set_" and "Wang", "King Huan of", etc. fall into this category. Late Tang Fan vent "Cloud River Friends of the meeting" ﹑ Meng Qi "The Tale Poem" two books, mainly or exclusively the poet poems written story. Wei Chong Shangqing people talk Fang Dan, resulting in the "forest language", "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and other sketches; Tangren Chong is still poetry, produced a "cloud River Friends of the meeting", "The Tale Poem" and other stories; from which one can see the special atmosphere of the times.
In summary, the Tang Dynasty legend rich in content, reflecting the broader area of social life, and some show a lover's joys and sorrows of men and women and social causes, and some forms of reflection through the illusion of the happy life of the beautiful people are good, some exposed the ugly phenomenon of the upper class, and some praise the courageous and gallant acts against the stubborn storm, mostly positive. Tang also contains many ideas dross, such as superstitious and fatalistic publicity to promote a woman is creature ﹑ troubles, mainly praise for personal gratitude and loyalty to the act of child, etc., should be noted that identification.
Tang future generations Literature
Tang to the Song the popular fictions that would have significant effect on the many themes and characters for the words used in this. According to Luo Ye Song "tippler on record" record, Song has a lot of stories compiled according to the words of the Tang Dynasty, but most of Disappearing. Ming the series, then the _set_ of "Qingpingshantang", "Three Words", "Amazing Stories", also preserved better drawn from the words of the Tang Dynasty. Legend of Poetic Narrative ﹑ ﹑ combination in the form of discussion, the so-called "Synthesis of Genres" characteristics, as well as a means of legendary character description, such as the more delicate details of the description, dialogue, vivid characters, so this also has the reference and development.
Legend of the language of the Tang Dynasty
Tang Legend of language, the general use of granular, but more than four words, syntax, more orderly, follows the tradition of the Six Ghost Stories. Six Ghost Stories such as "Immortals," and so on, more simple language, do not pay attention to the dual and rhetoric, at the time the distinction between "paper" "pen" of the climate, are "pen" of this kind, but due to popularity of parallel prose , part of the statement is relatively neat syntax, style and Parallel have close to side. Tang Legend of language, that is, the development along this road. Individual chapters such as "Fairy Cave", or even to parallel the main body, but most work though mixed parallel sentences, are basically still loose. However, as the author intended emphasis on literary styles, many works of language rather Hua Yan.
Legend of the Tang era of prosperity, Famous, and deeply all classical ﹑ Liu Han Yu atmosphere at that time under the influence, also wrote a few articles close to the legend, such as Han Yu's "Biography of Mao Ying," ﹑ Liu's "river transfer between" category. But they are not as legendary as interesting note about the story, focusing on the performance of the author liked, and literary grace, but such as Lu Xun said, "to Fable-based, text the word to the end," in fact "has nothing to Legend" ("History of Chinese Fiction Brief ").
Legend of the specific and detailed the general narrative, diction more Chinese Yan, classical is a brief narrative, diction strive quaint. Song Zhongyan "Yueyang Tower", written CASTLE see scenery, lay out more specific, syntax than the neat, close to the parallel style, prose writer Yoon-soo will be ridiculed as a "legend" ("the mountain Poetry"), this is quite sufficient explanation 2 those style differences. Therefore, the "Biography of Mao Ying," and other similar works, in fact, the text can not be regarded as legendary.
Tang Legend of clustering and research materials
Late Tang Tang Chenhan collect and record the many excellent chapters, compiled "smell different _set_ of" 10 volumes of the original book has been Lost, part of the "Taiping" which collect and record. Song, compiled by Li Fang and so on "Taiping" 500, Category compiled by Wei Han ﹑ ﹑ unofficial until the novel Song ﹑ miscellaneous notes, drawing AGF, is to preserve the Han and Tang Dynasties hotbed of fiction. Edited by Ming and Qing Dynasties, "says the sea", "Five Korean novel", "Tang Hui said," and other books, is often "jump the system table of contents, change title Composers" (Lu Xun, "Preface to the Collection case of Tang and Song Dynasty"), not by faith. "54" In the future, according to Lu Xun "princesses", "Taiping" and other books, eliminate the false and retain the true, post-mining ﹑ Song Tang Legend of single articles for the "Legend of the Tang and Song Collection", which attached to the end "side of a small barnyard suffix" Legend of the articles collected on their authors the Yellow River, this area of research in order to introduce a scientific way. After Pijiang also produced "Chinese novel" book, in addition to single articles, but also presents _select_ed part of the album's representative works of each chapter are instructions and famine with "Legend of the Tang and Song Collection" complementary parallel. Tang's album, most people also were points to be finishing school, has published a "Bo different ambitions", "different mind _set_", "legend" and so on.
Research: Lu Xun, "A Brief History of Chinese Fiction," in three articles on the characteristics of Tang ﹑ important writers and works of historical status, made a precise and appropriate discourse. Liu Kairong "Novels of the Tang Dynasty" (early 1947 edition, reissued in 1955, amended), _select_ the number of representative works, focusing on the background of the times.
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Legends in the Tang Dynasty which has three stories, called "Paper Moon", "take months", "stay on." Paper is on one person, can cut a paper moon light, take another month, be able to win to the moon on his arms, there is no time to look in the moon, the third person to stay on, the moonlight on his basket inside, black out look in the days when. Very simple, a hundred characters, hundreds of words. Thus brought Pu wrote "Laoshandaoshi." This is all very familiar story of Liao Zhai.
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