俠義公案小說
近代小說流派。俠義小說和公案小說合流的産物。
近代以前，俠義小說和公案小說，各自獨立發展。自唐代傳奇《昆侖奴》、《紅綫》、《聶隱娘》等作品出現之後，宋代的《江淮異人錄》、明代的《劍俠傳》，宋元話本中的“朴刀”、“桿棒”等，均屬俠義小說作品。
公案小說從宋人說話中“說公案”起，如宋元話本《簡帖和尚》，明代的《竜圖公案》、《海剛峰先生居官公案傳》等，都是公案小說作品。它們都是短篇或短篇集。
近代俠義小說、公案小說合流，風靡一時。不僅數量衆多，而且影響頗大。如《施公案》、《彭公案》、《三俠五義》（又名《七俠五義》）、《小五義》及其續書。這些作品已從短篇發展成長篇。其內容幾乎都是以一名臣大吏或清官審案折獄為主綫，總領一些豪俠之士，把一案內容亙延為數回,組織成跌宕起伏的情節,構成一個完整有機的整體。
近代俠義、公案小說的合流，反映了近代社會封建統治的腐朽沒落。在農民革命鬥爭的打擊下，清政府封建統治朝不保夕，需要更多的幫兇和爪牙。小說中的清官施仕綸、彭朋等人屢遭危難，他們的自身安全與審案斷獄，都必須在俠客的幫助下，纔有保障；而俠客義士亦須投靠官府，充當“打手”，才能飛黃騰達，封妻蔭子, 兩者互相扶持,互相依靠。因此，近代俠義公案小說的主要思想傾嚮是：“極贊忠烈之臣、俠義之士”（問竹主人《忠烈俠義傳序》）,從“剪惡除□,匡扶社稷”
出發，宣揚“盡忠”思想，提倡“奴才”哲學，鼓吹變節行為。《彭公案》第一回就明言“有道明君，天降賢臣”。書中歌頌清官，具有強烈“頌聖”色彩和表現忠臣的特點。許多豪俠義士，是緑林叛逆，他們投靠官府，出生入死，實質成為奴才。
有少數俠義公案小說,在藝術上有一定成就。如《三俠五義》原係說話人的底本，經長期的醖釀和加工，具有“說話”的生動、明快的特色,另於寫草野豪傑,“奕奕有神，間或襯以世態,雜以詼諧,亦每令莽夫分外生色”（魯迅《中國小說史略》）。但大多數作品，均“荒率殊甚”，藝術粗糙。
（侯忠義）
Chivalry and legal case
Modern fiction genre. Chivalric novels and detective novels a product of convergence.
Recent past, chivalric novels and detective novels, developed independently. Since the Tang Dynasty Legends "Kunlun Nu", "red line", "Nie" and other works appeared after the Song Dynasty "recorded Jianghuai different people," Ming "A swordsman Biography", Song and Yuan Dynasties of "Pu Dao," " Gan Bang, "and so on, are chivalrous novels.
Detective Stories from the words of the Song, "said Detective" on, such as the Song and Yuan Dynasties "Jane posts a monk," Ming "Lung Detective," "Mr. Fung Hoi just anchoret Detective Biography", are detective novels. They are short stories or short _set_.
Modern chivalry novels, detective fiction merge, all the rage. Not only a large number, but a lot of influence. Such as "Shi", "Peng Detective," "San Xia Wu Yi" (also known as "Five Seven Chivalrous righteousness"), "Xiao Wu Yi" and its Sequel. These works from the development of growth of short articles. Almost all of its contents to a minister Dali or sitting upright official prison break the main line, the logistics of some gallant people in, interactive content to extend the case number back, organized into ups and downs of the plot, a complete organic whole.
Modern Chivalry, detective novels confluence, reflecting the decay of modern society of feudal rule. Revolutionary struggle against the peasants under the feudal rule of the Qing government precarious, more accomplices and lackeys. Morally novel Shi Shi Lun, Peng Peng, who repeated distress, their own safety and adjudicating adjudication and must help the warrior, is guaranteed; the righteous knight must seek refuge official, act as a "hatchet man" in order to Apprentice , Feng Yin wife son, both mutual support, interdependence. Therefore, the modern novel's main idea and Chivalrous tendency: "The minister highly praised Martyrs, chivalrous people in" (ask the owner of Bamboo "Martyrs chivalry transfer order"), from "Cutting evil except □, and restorative Sajik"
Starting to promote "loyal" thinking, to promote "slave" philosophy, advocating renegade behavior. "Peng Detective" The first chapter made it clear that "a proper way could maintain, heaven upright ministers." The book praises clean government, with a strong "Song San" color and performance characteristics of loyal. Many gallant chivalrous, is greenwood treason, they seek refuge official, highlighted the danger, real as slaves.
A small number of Chivalry and legal case, there are certain achievements in the arts. Such as "San Xia Wu Yi," originally the speaker's libretto, after a long gestation period and processing, with the "speak" a vivid, lively features, and the other in writing Kusano hero, "Yi-yi God, sometimes lined with the world state, mixed with witty, but also every so Mangfu exceptionally chromophore "(Lu Xun," A Brief History of Chinese Fiction "). But most of the works are "very special shortage rate", Art rough.
(Hou Zhongyi)
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