侠义公案小说
近代小说流派。侠义小说和公案小说合流的产物。
近代以前，侠义小说和公案小说，各自独立发展。自唐代传奇《昆仑奴》、《红线》、《聂隐娘》等作品出现之后，宋代的《江淮异人录》、明代的《剑侠传》，宋元话本中的“朴刀”、“杆棒”等，均属侠义小说作品。
公案小说从宋人说话中“说公案”起，如宋元话本《简帖和尚》，明代的《龙图公案》、《海刚峰先生居官公案传》等，都是公案小说作品。它们都是短篇或短篇集。
近代侠义小说、公案小说合流，风靡一时。不仅数量众多，而且影响颇大。如《施公案》、《彭公案》、《三侠五义》（又名《七侠五义》）、《小五义》及其续书。这些作品已从短篇发展成长篇。其内容几乎都是以一名臣大吏或清官审案折狱为主线，总领一些豪侠之士，把一案内容亘延为数回,组织成跌宕起伏的情节,构成一个完整有机的整体。
近代侠义、公案小说的合流，反映了近代社会封建统治的腐朽没落。在农民革命斗争的打击下，清政府封建统治朝不保夕，需要更多的帮凶和爪牙。小说中的清官施仕纶、彭朋等人屡遭危难，他们的自身安全与审案断狱，都必须在侠客的帮助下，才有保障；而侠客义士亦须投靠官府，充当“打手”，才能飞黄腾达，封妻荫子, 两者互相扶持,互相依靠。因此，近代侠义公案小说的主要思想倾向是：“极赞忠烈之臣、侠义之士”（问竹主人《忠烈侠义传序》）,从“剪恶除□,匡扶社稷”
出发，宣扬“尽忠”思想，提倡“奴才”哲学，鼓吹变节行为。《彭公案》第一回就明言“有道明君，天降贤臣”。书中歌颂清官，具有强烈“颂圣”色彩和表现忠臣的特点。许多豪侠义士，是绿林叛逆，他们投靠官府，出生入死，实质成为奴才。
有少数侠义公案小说,在艺术上有一定成就。如《三侠五义》原系说话人的底本，经长期的酝酿和加工，具有“说话”的生动、明快的特色,另于写草野豪杰,“奕奕有神，间或衬以世态,杂以诙谐,亦每令莽夫分外生色”（鲁迅《中国小说史略》）。但大多数作品，均“荒率殊甚”，艺术粗糙。
（侯忠义）
Chivalry and legal case
Modern fiction genre. Chivalric novels and detective novels a product of convergence.
Recent past, chivalric novels and detective novels, developed independently. Since the Tang Dynasty Legends "Kunlun Nu", "red line", "Nie" and other works appeared after the Song Dynasty "recorded Jianghuai different people," Ming "A swordsman Biography", Song and Yuan Dynasties of "Pu Dao," " Gan Bang, "and so on, are chivalrous novels.
Detective Stories from the words of the Song, "said Detective" on, such as the Song and Yuan Dynasties "Jane posts a monk," Ming "Lung Detective," "Mr. Fung Hoi just anchoret Detective Biography", are detective novels. They are short stories or short _set_.
Modern chivalry novels, detective fiction merge, all the rage. Not only a large number, but a lot of influence. Such as "Shi", "Peng Detective," "San Xia Wu Yi" (also known as "Five Seven Chivalrous righteousness"), "Xiao Wu Yi" and its Sequel. These works from the development of growth of short articles. Almost all of its contents to a minister Dali or sitting upright official prison break the main line, the logistics of some gallant people in, interactive content to extend the case number back, organized into ups and downs of the plot, a complete organic whole.
Modern Chivalry, detective novels confluence, reflecting the decay of modern society of feudal rule. Revolutionary struggle against the peasants under the feudal rule of the Qing government precarious, more accomplices and lackeys. Morally novel Shi Shi Lun, Peng Peng, who repeated distress, their own safety and adjudicating adjudication and must help the warrior, is guaranteed; the righteous knight must seek refuge official, act as a "hatchet man" in order to Apprentice , Feng Yin wife son, both mutual support, interdependence. Therefore, the modern novel's main idea and Chivalrous tendency: "The minister highly praised Martyrs, chivalrous people in" (ask the owner of Bamboo "Martyrs chivalry transfer order"), from "Cutting evil except □, and restorative Sajik"
Starting to promote "loyal" thinking, to promote "slave" philosophy, advocating renegade behavior. "Peng Detective" The first chapter made it clear that "a proper way could maintain, heaven upright ministers." The book praises clean government, with a strong "Song San" color and performance characteristics of loyal. Many gallant chivalrous, is greenwood treason, they seek refuge official, highlighted the danger, real as slaves.
A small number of Chivalry and legal case, there are certain achievements in the arts. Such as "San Xia Wu Yi," originally the speaker's libretto, after a long gestation period and processing, with the "speak" a vivid, lively features, and the other in writing Kusano hero, "Yi-yi God, sometimes lined with the world state, mixed with witty, but also every so Mangfu exceptionally chromophore "(Lu Xun," A Brief History of Chinese Fiction "). But most of the works are "very special shortage rate", Art rough.
(Hou Zhongyi)
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