随着商品经济的繁荣，城市人口的剧增，通俗的民间文学在宋代也得到了空前的发展，话本小说是宋代民间文学的代表。
话本的产生和类别
在宋代城市的大众娱乐场所“瓦肆”中，有一种以讲故事、说笑话为主的活动，即“说话”。“说话”分为四家，即小说、讲史、说经、合生。四家中，小说、讲史最为重要，影响也最大。我们今天所说的小说实际上就包括了宋代的小说与讲史这两种。
话本，就是说话人说话的底本，它主要包括讲史和小说两大类。前者是用浅近的文言讲述历史上的帝王将相的故事；后者指的是用通行的白话来讲述平凡人的故事。宋代的讲史话本有《五代史平话》、《大宋宣和遗事》、《全相平话五种》等。这些话本以正史为主要依据，但也采入一些传说、异闻等，同时也不免虚构，以增强吸引力。它们的情节往往较曲折，篇幅较长。元明清的历史小说正是由此演变而成的。
小说话本的思想和艺术成就
宋代小说话本主要保存在《京本通俗小说》和《清平山堂话本》及“三言”中。一般为短篇故事，多表现现实生活，其中爱情和公案题材比较多。作品人物形象鲜明，颇具个性色彩，善于通过行动、对话表现人物性格和心理。女性形象塑造尤为成功，如《快嘴李翠莲》中的李翠莲、《碾玉观音》中的璩秀秀等。情节安排曲折生动，脉络清晰，引人入胜。基本运用白话，通俗简明，生动活泼，有浓郁的生活气息。代表作有《错斩崔宁》、《碾玉观音》、《志诚张主管》、《闹樊楼多情周胜仙》等。《碾玉观音》通过出身贫寒被卖到郡王府的女奴璩秀秀为争得自由，寻求美好生活所进行的一系列斗争的描写，表现了处于被压迫地位的女性对爱情的追求以及同封建统治者顽强斗争的意志，歌颂了他们纯洁、善良的心灵和反抗精神。揭露了封建统治者对下层人民的残酷压迫。作品情节曲折离奇，波澜起伏。故事以鬼魂复仇结尾，深化了主题，既表现了秀秀宁死不屈的反抗精神，又寄托了人们恶有恶报的愿望。小说中秀秀的聪明美丽、心灵手巧、直率泼辣、顽强机敏，崔宁的憨厚朴实、而又怯懦，咸安郡王的骄横残忍，郭排军的狡猾奸诈，都表现得性格鲜明，栩栩如生。例如写秀秀、崔宁在咸安郡王府大火逃出后相见的情形：秀秀道：“你记得也不记得？”崔宁叉着手，只应得喏。秀秀道：“当日众人都替你喝彩‘好对夫妻！'你怎地到（倒）忘了？”崔宁又则应得喏。秀秀道：“比似只管等待，何不今夜我和你先做夫妻？不知你意下如何？”崔宁道：“岂敢！”秀秀道：“你知道不敢，我叫将起来，教坏了你，你却如何将我到家中，我明日府里去说。”崔宁道：“告小娘子：要和崔宁做夫妻不妨，只一件，这里住不得了。”
从这段对话中我们可以看到，秀秀咄咄逼人，大胆主动，相反，崔宁作为男性，却始终处于守势，憨态可掬。
鲁迅先生曾经指出，宋元话本的出现“实在是小说史上的一大变迁”（《中国小说史的历史变迁》）。确实，宋代话本小说与长期以文言文为语言的中国古代文学传统完全不同，它是中国小说史上第一次将白话作为小说的语言进行创作，这是一个突出的进步。在人物塑造上，宋代话本小说以平凡人物为主，不再将非凡人物作为主要的塑造对象，这是中国小说进一步走向平民化的标志。另外，宋代话本小说采取的是在“说话”这样的场景里展开故事的叙述方式，这样的叙述模式后来成了白话小说的经典叙述方式。以上几个方面对于明清小说、白话小说的影响都是非常巨大的。
With the commodity economy, the rapid increase in urban population, the popular folk literature in the Song has also been an unprecedented development, then this novel is representative of the Song Dynasty folk literature.
If this type of production and
Mass entertainment in the Song Dynasty City "watts market", there is a kind of storytelling, jokes based activities, namely, "to speak." "Speaking" is divided into four, namely, novel, about history, said that upon, Hopson. 4, the novel about the history of the most important, the greatest impact. We said in effect, including the Song dynasty novel novels about the history and the two.
If this is the speaker talking libretto, it is mainly about history and fiction into two categories. The former is Qianjin about the history of classical Chinese emperor of the story; the latter refers to the common vernacular used to tell the story of ordinary people. History of the Song Dynasty about the "Five Dynasties Ping me" and "Great Song Xuan and Kingdoms", "if the five-phase level," and so on. These words by official history as the main basis for this, but also adopted into a number of legends, different smell, etc., but also can not help but fiction, to enhance attractiveness. They are often more plot twists and turns, takes a little longer. Yuan, Ming's historical novel is thus evolved.
Small talk ideas and artistic achievements
The Song Dynasty mainly stored in the "Kyoto of the popular novel" and "Qingpingshantang" and "three words". Generally short stories, and more performance in real life, of which more love and Detective subjects. Works distinct characters, rather individual character, good through action, dialogue, Personality and mental performance. Image of women particularly successful, such as "Readily Li Cuilian" in Li Cuilian, "telling," in Qu Xiu Xiu, etc.. The plot twists and vivid, the clarity of imagination. Basic use of vernacular, popular, concise, lively, with rich flavor of life. Representative of the "wrong cut Cui Ning," "telling," "director Zhang Zhicheng," "downtown Fanlou passionate Zhou Sheng Sin," and so on. "Ben" was sold by impoverished Dukes House slave Qu Xiu Xiu to gain freedom and seek a better life in a series of descriptions of the struggle, the performance of the oppressed status of women in the pursuit of love and with the feudal tenacious struggle of the will of the ruler, extolling their pure and kind heart and spirit of resistance. The feudal rulers of the lower exposed the cruel oppression of the people. Works strange plot twists and turns, ups and downs. Ghost revenge story ends, deepening the theme, not only showed the spirit of resistance Xiu rather die than surrender, they entrusted the desire of people around comes around. Xiu Xiu novel smart beautiful, clever and deft, direct forceful, tenacious wit, sharp weapon of the simple and honest and simple, yet cowardly, cruel Haman Dukes of arrogance, cunning treachery Guo Pai military have acted character distinct and vivid. For example, write Xiu Xiu, Cui Ning in Haman Dukes meet the government's case after the fire escape: Xiu Xiu: "You remember that do not remember?" Cui Ning fork to proceed, should only be Well. Xiu Xiu: "The day they were all cheering for you 'a good couple!' You Zende to the (inverted) forget?" Cui Ning Well it should be. Xiu Xiu: "The ratio may simply wait, why do not you and I do first wife tonight? Do you think?" Cui Ning said: "Qi Gan!" Xiu Xiu: "You know not, my name will be up and teach you bad, How do you have my home, I go tomorrow, the government said. "Cui Ning Road:" Little lady told: do couples may wish to, and Cui Ning, only one, incredible live here. "
From this dialogue we can see, Xiu aggressive, bold initiative, on the contrary, Cui Ning as men, but always on the defensive, naive.
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