道教詞是以道教神仙理想立意、現道人精神境界的一種文學樣式。
就起源而論，道教詞可以追溯於玄歌、變文。所謂「玄歌」也就是「玄道」之歌；從形式上看，玄歌屬於道教說唱麯藝作品中的唱詞之類。為吸引聽衆，玄歌作者往往以第一人稱手法敘述故事。例如《老子化經》十所收的《化歌》，以「我」代老子，描繪老君修道場所的仙景色，講述「化成佛道」的故事，具備敘事詩的基本特徵。
在《老子化經》中還收有《老君十六變詞》十八首，此即屬於道教變文之類。所謂「變文」是演述神變故事的一種形式。「道教變文」即演述道教神變故事的一種式。適應說唱的需要，道教變文往往用韻文形式，如《老君十六變詞》便是純韻文。作者按照方位的變更來組織情節，其場所轉換亦依「易」的九宮八卦方位。八卦代八方，輪轉兩周，便有十六變詞。
除玄歌變文之外，「仙歌道麯」也是道教詞的重要組成部分。它的産生與道教儀式的建立與流行有密切的關係。為使儀式的進行更加隆重，道人們便將贊歌與歌詠結起來，於是有各種唱詞的出現。《無上秘要》二十錄有仙歌若首。從例來看，《無上秘要》在摘錄這些「仙歌」時都略加說明，指出其來及何位仙人所唱。其裁皆為五言，句數不一。現早期道教"以詩為詞"的創作特點。
與「仙歌」詞相媲美的是道麯之詞。其主要式有步虛詞、贊詠詞。
步虛詞是樂府文學形式之一。唐吳競《樂府古題要解》指出，這詞，描述歌頌衆仙飄渺升天的美妙景象。步虛詞的起源，來有不同的說法。從許多典籍的記載來看，三國時期應當有步虛詞行世。步虛詞的歌唱節奏大依照八卦九宮方位，從而造成陰陽復查的韻律。步虛詞誦詠過程有一定路綫，要求精神專註，念唱、步法、道具和諧統一。
與步虛詞一脈相承，唐宋以來的贊詠詞也是一種配樂的歌詞。在道教齋蘸儀式盛行之際，道士、文人乃至皇帝官宦節制制度道麯，遂有各種贊詠詞之誕生。今所見《金錄齋三洞贊詠儀》與《玉音法事》中便收錄不少贊詠詞。從形式上看，贊詠詞雖然尚保存步虛詞的入樂法式，但也具備一些新的特點。最重要的就是長短句的出現。例如《金錄齋三洞贊詠儀》上所錄《太清樂》在七言詩的基礎上加入許多襯句，這就形成長短不一的格式，具有獨特的風格。
由於道教思想對中國文學的深刻滲透，歷史上為文人們所雅好的詞牌也多具神仙藴含。《欽定詞譜》所錄，《鳳凰上憶吹簫》、《解佩令》、《望仙門》、《獻仙音》等，莫不與道教神仙故事有牽連。從內容上看，宋代許多詞作具有鮮明的道教藴含。不少大作也創作一定數量的神仙詞。諸如柳永、黃庭堅、等都有此類題材的詞作。這類作品常常把仙話典故同神遊的心緒相糅，通過雙關語的應用，而産生奇特聯想效果，耐人尋味。
Taoist immortal words is the ideal conception, the performance of a Taoist spiritual realm literary genre.
In terms of the origin, the word Taoism can be traced back in the mysterious song, change the text. The so-called "Mystery Song" is "Mystery Road" song; from the formal point of view, mysterious song of the Taoist works of folk art rap lyrics and the like. In order to attract listeners, Hyun Song of approach is often the first person narrative stories. Such as "I of Hu by" volume received 10 "of Hu Ge" to "I" stands for I, describes the monastic sites of Xian Jia Laojun view, about the "Buddha of Hu Road" story, with a narrative poem basic features.
In "I of Hu Jing" also received the "Laojun 16 change the word" 18, that is, a Taoist text of the class variable. The so-called "change text" is the story play out a god into a form. "Taoism and change the text" that play out the story of a Taoist god into a style. Meet the needs of rap, change the text of Taoism often use verse forms, such as "Laojun 16 change the word" is pure verse. In accordance with the change of position to organize the circumstances, the place is also based on conversion, "easy" Jiugong gossip position. Gossip on behalf of P Plus, rotation two weeks, there are 16 change the word.
In addition to changing the text Hyun Song, the "Fairy Song Tao Song" is also an important part of Taoist words. Its appearance and Taoist ritual to establish a close relationship with the epidemic. To make a more solemn ceremony, Tao There is filth on hymn singing together with, so with the emergence of various operas. "Supreme Miyao" Volume 20 number of the first songs recorded for the immortal. From the style point of view, "Supreme Miyao" in the extract of the "Fairy Song" slightly when they note that any bit of their origin and sung immortal. The genres are all Wu Yan, the number of different sentences. Performance of the early Taoist "in Poetry for the word" creative features.
And "Fairy Song" is a term comparable to Road Song of the story. The main style with Dreamland, Chan Wing-word.
Dreamland is one of the verse form of literature. Tang Wu Jing, "Yue Gu title to understanding" that such a word to describe the beauty of heaven praise Assembly of Immortals ethereal scene. Dreamland origin, has always had a different opinion. Records from the view of many books, three times the World Bank should be Dreamland. Dreamland singing rhythm in general accordance with gossip Jiugong position, resulting in the rhythm of yin and yang back. Dreamland process chant chant a certain line, requires a lot of focus, and chant, footwork, props harmony and unity.
And Dreamland the same strain, since the Tang and Song Yong-word praise is also a soundtrack of lyrics. Taoist ritual dip in the prevalence of the occasion, priests, scholars and even the emperor system Officials in Canton Road, the music, then there are various words of praise chant was born. Now see the "golden record fast three holes praise Winnie" and "Yu sound ceremonies" will be included in a lot of praise chant words. From the formal point of view, praise chant the word still holds despite the entry Dreamland French music, but with some new features. The most important thing is the emergence of Long Short Sentence. Such as "King recorded three holes Chan Wing-yee fast," the volume was recorded, "too pure music" on the basis of the Piece by adding a number of liner sentence, which formed the format of varying lengths, has a unique style.
Taoism on Chinese literature as the deep penetration of the history of the AGB for the scholar more than a fairy good tune also contains. According to "imperil the word spectrum," which was recorded, "Phoenix Yi Chui Xiao stage", "Xie Pei order", "Wang Xian Gate", "Xian Xian Yin", etc., everyone involved with the immortal story. From the content point of view, the Song Dynasty many words to make a clear implication of Taoism. Many great writers have created a number of gods word. Such as Liu Yong, Huang, and others have words for such subject matter. Such works often allusions Immortals blend with the journey of the spirit of the mood phase, through the application of a pun, but a wonderful association effects, it is interesting.
|