近体诗 the Tang Dynasty “ modern style” poetry分类表
对联 couplet

  对联简史
  对联是一种独特的文学艺术形式,它始于五代,盛于明清,迄今已有一千多年的历史。
  早在秦汉以前,我国民间过年就有悬挂桃符的习俗。所谓桃符,即把传说中的降鬼大神“神茶”和“郁垒”的名字,分别书写在两块桃木板上,悬挂于左右门,以驱鬼压邪。这种习俗持续了一千多年,到了五代,人们才开始把联语题于桃木板上。据《宋史.蜀世家》记载,五代后蜀主孟昶“每岁除,命学士为词,题桃符,置寝门左右。末年(公元九六四年),学士幸寅逊撰词,昶以其非工,自命笔题云:  新年纳余庆 嘉节号长春
    这是我国最早出现的一副春联。
  宋代以后,民间新年悬挂春联已经相当普遍,王安石诗中“千门万户曈曈日,总把新桃换旧符”之句,就是当时盛况的真实写照。由于春联的出现和桃符有密切的关系,所以古人又称春联为“桃符”。  
  一直到了明代,人们才始用红纸代替桃木板,出现我们今天所见的春联。据《簪云楼杂话》记载,明太祖朱元璋定都金陵后,除夕前,曾命公卿士庶家门须加春联一副,并亲自微服出巡,挨门观赏取乐。尔后,文人学士无不把题联作对视为雅事。入清以后,对联曾鼎盛一时,出现了不少脍炙人口的名联佳对。  
  随着各国文化交流的发展,对联还传入越南、朝鲜、日本、新加坡等国。这些国家至今还保留着贴对联的风俗。   
  对联是由律诗的对偶句发展而来的,它保留着律诗的某些特点。古人把吟诗作对相提并论,在一定程度上反映了两者之间的关系。对联要求对仗工整,平仄协调,上联尾字仄声,下联尾字平声。这些特点,都和律诗有某些相似之处,所以有人把对联称为张贴的诗。但对联又不同于诗,它只有上联和下联,一般说来较诗更为精炼,句式也较灵活,可长可短,伸缩自如。对联可以是四言、五言、六言、七言、八言、九言,也可以是十言、几十言。在我国古建筑中,甚至还有多达数百字的长联。对联无论是咏物言志,还是写景抒情,都要求作者有较高的概括力与驾御文字的本领,才可能以寥寥数语,做到文情并茂,神形兼备,给人以思想和艺术美的感受。
  
  对联的基本规则
  对联,雅称「楹联」,俗称对子。它言简意深,对仗工整,平仄协调,是一字一音的汉语语言独特的艺术形式。可以说,对联艺术是中华民族的文化瑰宝。
  对联的种类约分为春联、喜联、寿联、挽联、装饰联、行业联、交际联和杂联(包括谐趣联....)等。对联文字长短不一,短的仅一、两个字;长的可达几百字。
  对联形式多样,有正对、反对、流水对、联球对、集句对等。但不管何类对联,使用何种形式,却又必须具备以下特点:
  一要字数相等,断句一致。除有意空出某字的位置以达到某种效果外,上下联字数必须相同,不多不少。
  二要平仄相合,音调和谐。传统习惯是「仄起平落」,即上联末句尾字用仄声,下联末句尾字用平声。
  三要词性相对,位置相同。一般称为「虚对虚,实对实」,就是名词对名词,动词对动词,形容词对形容词,数量词对数量词,副词对副词,而且相对的词必须在相同位置上。
  四要内容相关,上下衔接。上下联的含义必须相互衔接,但又不能重复。此外,张挂的对联,传统作法还必须直写竖贴,自右而左,由上而下,不能颠倒。与对联紧密相关的横批,可以说是对联的题目,也是对联的中心。好的横批在对联中可以起到画龙点睛、相互补充的作用。
  
  
  藏字格
   
  也叫“阙如格”,联中有意识地将某些字略掉,含蓄巧妙地表达某种意思。
  一二三四五六七
  孝悌忠信礼义廉
  注解: 上联忘八,谐音王八,下联打无耻。
  二三四五;
  六七八九。
  横批:南北
  此联的寓意:缺一(衣),少十(食),没有东西。
  字写三秋离北塞
  路通一线到鹏图
  注解:上联隐「雁」。
  下联隐「指南针」。
  数声吹起湘江月
  一枕招来巫峡云
  注解:上联隐「笛」。
  下联隐「梦」。
  一肩风雪三千里
  两眼乾坤十二时
  注解:上联隐「轿夫」。
  下联隐「猫」。
  
  拆字格
  拆字,就是将联中某一合体字拆成几个独体字。
  乾隆讲书、侍读,时间长了,不免思念起河间老家来。
  乾隆看出纪晓岚的心事,便说:“我看你是:口十心思,思妻思子思父母”
  纪晓岚立刻跪下说:“如准给假省亲,我便:言身寸谢,谢天谢地谢君王”
  乾隆圣心大悦,恩准假期,让纪晓岚回乡省亲。
  清末,有一个童生应试。因没有带礼物赠送主考大人,结果屡试不中。有一年,这童生又去应试,主考大人见他又是两手空空,便将他的考卷扔在一旁,并出联奚落他:
  上勾为老,下勾为考,老考童生,童生考到老;
  童生想,我屡试不第,并非我无才,而是无钱送礼。便对到:
  二人为天,一人为大,天大人情,人情大如天。
  山石岩前古木枯, 此木为柴!
  长巾帐内女子好, 少女更妙!
  此山为柴山山出
  因火成烟夕夕多
  妙人兒倪家少女
  武士心志在止戈
  注解:第一字析爲第六、七字,第二、三字合爲第四字。
  妙人兒倪家少女
  大言者諸葛一人
  注解:第一字析爲第六、七字,第二、三字合爲第四字。
  妙人兒倪家少女
  鍾山寺峙立金童
  注解:第一字析爲第六、七字,第二、三字合爲第四字。
  張長弓,騎奇馬,單戈作戰
  嫁家女,孕乃子,生男曰甥
  踏破磊桥三快石;
  分开出路两重山。
  闲看门中木
  思间心上田
  或如園中,拖袁出來還我國
  余立道上,不堪回首望前途
  少水沙即现
  是土堤方成
  八刀分半粉
  千里重金鍾
  古文故人做
  (言志)言志士心
  二人土上坐
  一月日边明
  鸿是江边鸟
  蚕为天下虫
  冻雨洒人东两点西三点
  切瓜分客横七刀竖八刀
  出自:明.蒋焘,字仰仁,长洲(今江苏苏州)人,明代文学家
  上联拆「冻」、「洒」字。
  上联拆「切」、「分」字。
  天下口 天上口 志在吞吴
  人中王 人边王 意图全任
  注解:上联拆「吞吴」字。
  下联拆「全任」字。
  一目不明 开口便成两片
  廿头割断 此身应受八刀
  注解:上联拆「鼎」字。
  下联拆「芬」字。
  冯二马驯三马冯驯五马诸侯
  伊有人尹无人伊尹一人元宰
  注解:上联拆「冯驯」。
  下联拆「伊尹」。
  墙上挂珠帘 你说是王家帘 朱家帘
  半夜生孩儿 我管他子时乎 亥时乎
  注解:上联拆「珠」
  下联拆「孩」
  人曾是僧人弗能成佛
  女卑为婢女又可称奴
  注解:上联合「人曾」为僧,「人弗」为佛。
  下联合「女卑」为婢,「女又」为奴。
  三女爲姦 二女皆從一女起
  五人共傘 小人全靠大人遮
  注解:上聯合「三女」爲姦
  下聯合「五人」爲傘
   
  五人共傘小人全仗大人遮
  四口同圖内口皆从外口管
  十口心思 思国思家思社稷
  八目尚賞 賞风賞月賞秋香
  注解:上联合「十口心」为思。
  下联合「八目尚」为赏。
  日在东 月在西 天上生成明字
  子居右 女居左 世间配定好字
  注解:上联合「日月」为明。
  下联合「子女」为好。
  乔女自然娇 深恶胭脂胶肖脸
  止戈才是武 何劳铜铁铸镖锋
  竹寺等僧歸 雙手拜四維羅漢
  木門閑可至 兩山出大小尖峰
  注解:上聯合「竹寺」爲等,「雙手」爲拜,「四維」爲羅。
  下聯合「木門」爲閑,「兩山」爲出,「大小」爲尖。
  四維羅 馬各駱 羅上駱下羅騎駱
  言者諸 豕者豬 諸前豬後諸牽豬
  注解:上聯合「四維」爲羅,「馬各」爲駱。
  下聯合「言者」爲諸,「豕者」爲豬。
  寸土为寺,寺旁言詩,詩曰:明月送僧归古寺。
  双木为林,林下示禁,禁云:斧斤以时入山林。
  注解:上联合「寸土」为寺,「言寺」为诗。
  下联合「双木」为林,「林示」为禁。
  晶字三个日,时将有日思无日,日日日,百年三万六千日。
  品字三个口,宜当张口且张口,口口口,劝君更尽一杯酒。
  注解:上联拆「晶」。
  下联拆「品」。
  日月明朝昏,山風嵐自起,石皮破仍堅,古木枯不死。
  可人何當來,千里重意若,永言詠黃鶴,士心志未已。
  注解:上聯合「明」,「嵐」,「破」,「枯」。
  下聯合「何」,「重」,「詠」,「志」。
  阮元是清代中葉的大學士,江苏仪征人,道光六年(1826)曾任云贵总督。一年他进京赶考,到了京城,考期已过。考官见他名字,便以他名字为上联求对,阮元当即对出“伊尹(商代的贤宰相)”。考官就录他为进士。
  
  叠字格:
  行行行行行且止
  坐坐坐坐坐何妨
  出自:浙江长阳南云山寺。
  上有赫赫赫赫赫插天表
  下有赫赫赫赫赫喧人间
  作者:郗鉴 出自:山东邹县峄山有赫门。
  搔搔痒痒,痒痒搔搔,不搔不痒,不痒不搔,越搔越痒,越痒越搔 ——塾 师
  生生死死,死死生生,有生有死,有死有生,先生先死,先死先生 ——李调元
  莺莺燕燕翠翠红红处处融融冶冶
  风风雨雨花花草草年年暮暮朝朝
  作者:寄尘 出自:上海豫园花神庙。
  曲曲弯弯,前前后后,花花叶叶,水水山山,人人喜喜欢欢,处处寻寻觅觅
  年年岁岁,暮暮朝朝,雨雨风风,莺莺燕燕,想想来来往往,常常翠翠红红
  作者:慕寿祺 出自:甘肃兰州仰园。
  高高下下树 叮叮咚咚泉
  重重叠叠山 曲曲环环路
  绿绿红红处处莺莺燕燕
  花花草草年年暮暮朝朝
  出自:杭州西湖联
  水水山山 处处明明秀秀
  晴晴雨雨 时时好好奇奇
  出自:杭州清代行宫花园古亭柱联。
  重重迭迭山 曲曲环环路
  丁丁冬冬泉 高高下下树
  出自:杭州九曲十八涧路亭联。
  重重喜事,重重喜,喜年年获风收。
  盈盈笑语,盈盈笑,笑频频传报捷。
  风风雨雨,暖暖寒寒,处处寻寻觅觅。
  莺莺燕燕,花花叶叶,卿卿暮暮朝朝。
  出自:苏州网丝园联。
  扒扒扒,扒扒扒,扒扒扒,扒到龙门叁级浪。
  唱唱唱,唱唱唱,唱唱唱,唱出仙姬七姐歌。
  
  复字格
  将一个或几个字按照某种规律,重复出现多次。
  看山 山已峻
  望水 水乃清
  寇准与友同出游,出对曰:水底月为天上月。无以相对。
  杨大年刚好赶到,便答道;眼中人是面前人。众皆喝彩。
  常德德山山有德
  长沙沙水水无沙
  出自:湖南长沙白沙井
  不生事不怕事自然无事
  能爱人能恶人方是正人
  读书好 耕田好 学好便好
  创业难 守业难 知难不难
  烟水亭 吸水烟 烟从水起
  风浪井 搏浪风 风自浪兴
  山美水美春光美宏图更美
  人新事新时代新传业愈新
  天近山头行到山腰天更远
  月浮水面捞到水底月还沉
  一盏清茶 解解解解元之渴
  五言绝诗 施施施施主之才
  月月月明 八月月明明分外
  山山山秀 巫山山秀秀非常
  分水桥边分水吃 分分分开
  看花亭下看花回 看看看到
  进进出出 笑颜开 人人满意
  挑挑拣拣 花色美 件件称心
  松下围棋,松子每随棋子落
  柳边垂钓,柳丝常伴钓丝垂
  风中绿竹,风翻绿竹竹翻风
  雪里白梅,雪映白梅梅映雪
  风扇扇风,风出扇,扇动风生
  水车车水,水随车,车停水止
  注解:上联唐伯虎出。
  下联祝枝山对。
  风声、雨声、读书声,声声入耳
  家事、国事、天下事,事事关心
  望天空,空望天,天天有空望空天
  求人难,难求人,人人逢难求人难
  注解:从前,杭州有位科场失意多年的举子,这一年又名落孙山而归, 特地到钱塘江畔六和塔,登塔凝望,在悲观失望中于塔壁书一上联。
  佛脚清泉飘,飘飘飘,飘下两条玉带
  源头活水冒,冒冒冒,冒出一串珍珠
  天上月圆,人间月半,月月月圆,逢月半
  今年年底,明年年初,年年年底,接年初
  注解: 第一、二句皆有「月」字,但意思不同,全句共有六个「月」字。
  月圆月缺,月缺月圆,年年岁岁,暮暮朝朝,黑夜尽头方见日。
  花开花落,花落花开,夏夏秋秋,暑暑凉凉,严冬过後始逢春。
  先生先生,后生后生,先生生后生,后生生行生,先先后后,生生不已
  我说我说,你说你说,我说说我说,你说说你说,我我你你,说说何妨
  
  
  -
  回文格
  上下联互为倒读
  据说清代北京有个“天然居”酒家。乾隆微服出游,进店喝酒,忽而想到这副回文对,非常得意。
  客上天然居,
  居然天上客。
  后又将这副对联作为上联,然而他想不出下联,让纪晓岚对,纪晓岚道:
  客上天然居,居然天上客。
  人过大佛寺,寺佛大过人。
  后有人另作续联:
  僧游云隐寺,寺隐云游僧。
  郎中王若俪,俪若王中郎
  贤出多福地,地福多出贤
  春回先富村,村富先回春
  人中柳如是,是如柳中人
  风送花香红满地,地满红香花送风
  雨滋春树碧连天,天连碧树春滋雨
  艳艳红花随落雨,雨落随花红艳艳
  水水山山处处明明秀秀,秀秀明明处处山山水水
  晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇,奇奇好好时时雨雨晴晴
  正读倒读同为一联
  秀山轻雨青山秀
  香柏鼓风鼓柏香
  云南通海秀山联
  油灯少灯油
  火柴当柴火
  处处红花红处处
  重重绿树绿重重
  处处飞花飞处处
  声声笑语笑声声
  雾锁山头山锁雾
  天连水尾水连天
  雪岭吹风吹岭雪
  龙潭活水活潭龙
  凤落梧桐梧落凤
  珠联璧合璧联珠
  静泉山上山泉静
  清水塘里塘水清
  处处飞花飞处处
  潺潺碧水碧潺潺
  香山碧云寺云碧山香
  黄山落叶松叶落山黄
  正读倒读为谐音
  面上荷花和尚面
  书临汉帖瀚林书
  明.唐伯虎写了此上联,过了几百年,才由清代的李调元对上下联。
  繡山輕雨青山繡
  香柏鼓風古柏香
  九曲桥下湖空,空壶下桥取酒
  陶宅院前酣醉,醉汉前院摘桃
  倒读成新联
  风送花香红满地
  雨滋春树碧连天
  暮天遥对寒窗雾
  雾窗寒对遥天暮
  桥对寺门松径小
  巷當泉眼石波清
  
  
  集句格
  用古文、诗词中的句子合成的对联。
  读书破万卷(杜甫)
  落笔起群英(李白)
  望崦嵫而勿迫
  恐鹈鴂之先鸣
      鲁迅录《离骚》悬于书室
  集《四书》句联
  天下有道
  国家将兴 穷不失义
  富而无骄 後而好学
  乐以忘忧
  持其志无暴其气
  敏于事而慎于言
  仁者不忧,知者不惑,勇者不惧
  集《文心雕龙》句联
  修词立诚在于无愧
  造物指事莫非自然 绚言朱蓝文约为美
  志在山水琴表其情 泉石激韵林籁结响
  云霞雕色草木贲华
  集《古乐府》句联
  平生怀直道
  大化扬仁风 沙棠作舟桂为楫
  浮云似帐月如钩
  集陶渊明诗句联
  丈夫志四海
  古人惜寸荫 化菊东篱下
  种桑长江边 秋菊有佳色
  幽兰生前庭
  集唐诗句联
  美花多映竹
  乔木自成林 柳深陶令宅
  月静庚公楼 云山起翰墨
  星斗焕文章
  松风清耳目
  蕙气袭认襟 顾视清高气深稳
  文章彪炳光陆离 鸟啼碧树闲临水
  竹映高墙似傍山
  倾壶待客花开后
  出竹吟诗月上初 实事渐消虚事在
  长年方悟少年非 一路沿溪花复水
  几家深树碧藏楼
  舍南舍北皆春水
  他席他乡送客怀 城隅绿水明秋日
  江上诗情为晚霞
  集李白诗句联
  桂子落秋月
  荷花羞玉颜 天长落日远
  意重泰山轻 闲吟步竹石
  长醉歌芳菲
  心悬万里外
  兴在一杯中 秀句满江国
  芳声腾海隅 死生一度人皆有
  意气相倾山可移
  浣溪石上窥明月
  向日楼中吹落梅
  集杜甫诗句联
  倚杖看孤石
  开林出远山 甘从千日醉
  耻与万人同 穷愁但有骨
  诗兴不无神
  闻说江山好
  终嗟风趣频 万里秋风吹锦水
  九重春色醉仙桃 不知明月为谁好
  更有澄江消客愁
  侧身天地更怀古
  独立苍茫自咏诗 歌词自作风格老
  诗卷长流天地间
  集韩愈诗句联
  莫忧世事兼身事
  却道新花胜旧花 正值万株红叶满
  问言何处芙蓉多 自笑平生夸胆气
  须知节候即风寒
  集宋诗句联
  立脚怕从风俗转
  商怀犹有古人知 深林闲数新添竹
  残烛贪看未见书 好山当户碧云晚
  古屋贮月松风凉
  吾山自信云舒卷
  片心高与月徘徊 林花经雨香犹在
  芳草留人意自闲 藏书万卷可教子
  买地十亩皆种松
  门无车马终年静
  卒对琴书百虑清 林罅忽明知月上
  竹梢微响觉风来 我书意造本无法
  此老胸中常有诗
  集苏轼诗句联
  身行万里半天下
  眼高四海空无人 才大古来难适用
  人生何处不相逢 天下几人学杜甫
  诗中自合爱陶潜
  古来画师非俗士
  此间风物属诗人
  集黄庭坚诗句联
  小雨藏山客来久
  长江接天帆到迟 园中鸟语劝沽酒
  窗下日长宜读书 周鼎汤盘见蝌蚪
  深山大泽生龙蛇
  集陆游诗句联
  山河兴废人搔首
  风雨纵横乱入楼 看镜已成双白鬓
  名山踏破几青鞋 小楼一夜听春雨
  孤桐三尺泻秋泉
  集词句联
  独抱琵琶寻旧曲
  数教鹦鹉念新诗 半空月影流云碎
  十里梅花作雪声 流水白云常自在
  金风玉露一相逢
  翠药红蘅几番风雨
  黄花绿菊好个霜天 天气欲重阳,几番风雨
  登临望故国,万里山河 忍泪觅残红,柔情似水
  起舞弄清影,瘦骨临风
  试上小红楼,论诗说剑
  更尽一杯酒,举首高歌 花坞春长,烟火千家都入画
  桃源路近,桑麻十里尽成荫
  无处觅残红,试问东风春愁怎画
  浮生等萍迹,不知江左燕入谁家
  章台柳,章台柳,往日依依今在否
  斑竹枝,斑竹枝,泪痕点点寄相思
  大江东去,平楚南来,一带江山如画
  高柳垂阴,老鱼吹浪,依稀风韵生秋
  集《三坟》字联
  搏观万卷才识豪迈
  纪述百家文翰昌明
  集《秦绎山碑》字联
  言之高下在于理
  道无古今维其时 泽以长流乃称远
  山因直上而成高
  集《汉曹全碑》字联
  诸子百家不分门户
  名山大川各效文章
  集《汉鲁峻碑》字联
  春归花不落
  风静月长明 纵怀华事当春去
  畅足清游载月归
  集《汉樊敏碑》字联
  古人所重在大节
  君子于学无常师 门有古松庭无乱石
  秋宜明月春则和风
  集《兰亭序》字联
  一亭俯流水
  万竹引清风 一亭尽揽山中趣
  幽室能观世外天 取静于山寄情于水
  虚怀若竹清气若兰
  集《圣教序》字联
  三春花满香如海
  八月涛来水作山 春归花外燕组织
  雨洗林间翠欲流 门掩梨花深见月
  寺藏松叶远闻钟
  集《泰山铭》字联
  风至山中无不和畅
  月生海上自极高明
  集《景君铭》字联
  虚心为竹
  清节而秋 著作追先哲
  精神让后生
  集《石门颂》字联
  山以石峻
  海为川归 龙门开凿曲通海
  石梁高悬峻极天
  集《争坐位帖》字联
  入世须才更须节
  传家积德还积节 榻横左右三尺书
  门向东南月一寮
  集《多宝塔碑》字联
  脱俗书成一家法
  写生卷有四时春 观书要能自出见解
  处世无过善体人情
  集《醴泉铭》字联
  明月清风深有味
  左图右史交相辉
  集史书句联
  高柳生风扶桑盛日
  天桃敷水落杏飞花 十步之间必有芳草
  用计月既望常见浮槎 每抚琴操令万山皆响
  聊欲弦歌作三径之资
  
  联旁格
  经过精心构思,利用偏旁、部首相同的汉字组成的对联。
  明朝天启元年,宰相叶向高路过福州,留宿新科状元翁正春家中,翁即兴出对曰:
  宠宰宿寒家,穷窗寂寞。
  叶向高见联中全是宝盖头的字,先是一惊,叶接着和对道:
  客官寓宫宦,富室宽容。
  次日翁送叶上路,经过池塘时,叶说:翁公昨夜讲穷窗寂寞,我看未必。你看:
  七鸭浮塘,数数数三双一只。
  翁公不意被将了一军,寻视池塘,应道:
  尺鱼跃水,量量量九寸十分。
  说完,二人相视大笑。
  大木森森﹐松柏梧桐杨柳
  细水淼淼﹐江河溪流湖海
  注解:元中叶隐居不仕的南宋文人黄溍潜身浙东山中﹐日日与郁郁葱葱的参天古木相对﹐ 某日﹐以「木」为偏旁作了上联,下联为后人所对。
  河汉汪洋,江湖滔滔波浪涌
  雲霄雷電,霹雳震震霈雨霖
  出自:湖北利州天成观龙王殿
  逢迎远近逍遥过
  进退连还运道通
  涉浅渠清流,荡深潭激浪,漫游潺洙濠濮涧
  构★楼棋榭,架槛桥朱栏,采集松柏栋梁材
  注解:★处系“琴”的别字。
  闺阁闷,闻闾闹,開门闲问
  官宦家,窈窕客,宜室安宁
  早晨旭日春晖暖
  稼穑稻禾秋季香
  芽萌花草芬芳蕊
  水泻浪涛活泼河
  湛江港清波滚滚
  渤海湾浊浪滔滔
  嗟叹嚎啕哽咽喉
  泪滴湘江流满海
  驱骚驶驽骜马骤
  植檀栽桂森木榮
  荷花茎藕蓬莲苔
  芙蓉芍药蕊芬芳
  烟锁池塘柳
  炮镇海城楼
  注解:广东东莞虎门联 -- 每字偏旁内涵「金」、「木」、「水」、「火」和「土」。
  迎送远近通达道
  进退迅速游逍遥
  寂寞寒窗空守寡
  俊俏佳人伴伶仃
  注解:明代洛陽才子文必正和名門閨秀霍千金相遇,二人一見鍾情,文公子口吟上聯試探,霍千金隨口應答下聯,終於有情人成眷屬。
  寄寓客家,牢守寒窗空寂寞
  迷途遠逝,返回達道游逍遙
  大木森森,松柏梧桐杨柳
  细水淼淼,江河溪流湖海
  注解:元中叶隐居不仕的南宋文人黄 潜身浙东山中,日日与郁郁葱葱的参天古木相对, 某日,以「木」为偏旁作了上联,下联为後人所对。
  谜语格(联谜和谜联)
  传统谜语中有一类对联谜,亦简称“联谜”。这是谜语同对联相结合的谜语精品。
  联谜有的要联系对联的有关知识,在谜底中附加上“对、偶、联、楹、和”等字样扣合的,则更多一层谜趣。
  腾龙千古愿,
  报国九州思。
  以会意法先猜出“隆中”(意即让中国繁荣昌盛),然后附加上“对”字,即《隆中对》
  一粥一饭当思来处不易;
  半丝半缕恒念物力维艰。
  (省文联)“联”字为附加字
  官居五行末(土)
  位在三才中(地)
  出自:云林县某乡土地公庙对联
  远望阿里山;
  极目日月潭。
  (瞭望台)
  新月一钩云脚下
  残花两瓣马蹄前
  (熊)
  司马受困上方谷,
  程婴匿孤潜盂山。
  (围魏救赵)
  你共人女边着子;(好)
  怎知我门里添心。(闷)
  口中含玉确如玉;(国)
  台下有心实无心。(怠)
  鲁肃遣子问路;(敬请指导)
  阳明笑启东窗。(欢迎光临)
  雅兴忽来诗下酒;(字斟句酌)
  豪情一往赠佳人。(解囊相送)
  日落香残 免去凡心一点;(秃)
  炉熄火尽 务把意马牢栓。(驴)
  白蛇过江头顶一轮红日;(油灯)
  青龙挂壁身披万点金星。( 秤)
  剖开舟两叶,内载黄金白玉;(咸蛋)
  打破坛一个,中藏玛瑙珍珠。(石榴)
  苏小妹出题于秦少游
  吴下门风户户尽吹单孔箫;(吹火筒)
  云间胜景家家皆鼓独弦琴。(弹棉花)
  集思广益搞四化;(赖大家的、智能)红楼梦人物
  你追我赶挣上游。(共工、比干)神话人物
  相传清朝乾隆皇帝有一次微服出巡江南,见一户人家门口贴一寿联:
  古稀重喜再加三九岁月;
  花甲相庆又添二八春秋。
  一打听,其人家父亲一百六十七岁,儿子一百三十六岁。
  黑不是 白不是 红黄更不是 和狐狸猫狗彷佛 既非家畜 又非野兽;(猜)
  诗也有 词也有 论语上也有 对东西南北模糊 虽是短品 却是妙文。(谜)
  (作者:纪晓岚)
  “梁鼎芬”联额
  有个叫梁鼎芬的人在湖北做官,他不做好事,结果弄得臭名远扬。当地人用他的姓名字形撰成一额一联赠给他。额为:
  梁上君子
  联为:
  一日难支,足下分开两片
  念头太错,颈上须防八刀
  ——清?吴趼人《新笑史》
  拆“公局”为联
  清代广东各州县乡镇都设有公局。公局中有绅士、董事,主要负责管理乡人借钱讨债、打架斗殴、邻居口角等小讼事。如果利用得好,倒也是个百姓自治的办法。然而,那些绅士、董事们往往处理不公,甚至有人仗势横行,营私舞弊。顺德县某公局处理事情时尤其徇私枉法,于是有人将“公局”两个字拆开,撰成一副对联为:
  八面威风,转个弯私心一点
  大模尸样,钩入去有口难言
  ——清?吴趼人《新笑史》
   
  谜联也是谜语同对联相结合的文字游戏,他是由对联谜衍化出来,但又不同于对联谜,在谜面表现形式上还揉进了“射覆谜”的形式。
   
  谜联的基本特点:
  谜面联语初不成文,语义亦不够完整。只有将猜射出来的谜底填入空圈处。联语方通顺完整,意义也清晰完整。
  谜面联语中有闲字,真正的谜面隐在联语中,须推敲寻找。
  有些谜联的谜底限制不十分严格,甚至可能出现多底,底面扣合有时也不十分严密。当猜射出的谜底字填入迷联后,对联文字必须文从字顺,符合对联的基本要求。
  谜联和联谜的区别:
  谜联不设谜目,谜底范围较广,但亦非漫无边际,根据谜面字提示,仍有范围可寻。
  谜联谜面隐在联文之中,且多一联多面。
  谜联的谜底最后须在联文中出现,成为联文的有机组成部分。且可以一联多底。
  可以说:联谜是先联后谜,联谜是先谜后联。
  上联谜底“林蒲”由“莆木”、“木水”组合而成;“羽”由“习习”合并得到。“香”、“多”、“至”三字为闲字。下联类同。
  莆木OO木水香习习多O至;
  洛山OO山花美月月有O来。
  莆木林蒲木水香习习多羽至;
  洛山出落山花美月月有朋来。
  上联:“风”由“x(“错”字符号假借)”、“几”合并;“夕”由“多”离合得出;“朝”由“阳”意会得出。
  下联:“水”综合运用“亥豕”、“梨花”、“离合”等猜法由“流来两停”射出;“远”近“元”“宵半”为“月”。
  错过几度春O多少O阳一O遂夙愿;
  流来两停秋O远近O宵半O寄衷情。
  错过几度春风多少夕阳一朝遂夙愿;
  流来两停秋水远近元宵半月寄衷情。
  如“谜圈”在上下联中数量、位置均不对称,称之为“杂对”;反之称“正对”。
  火星人OO木星人OO在地球上;
  寒OO对峙香OO隐藏于OO中。
  火星人伙同木星人休息在地球上;
  寒山寺对峙香山寺隐藏于云雾中。
   
  三人一日游O尤爱划O舸;
  十者同天避O必去划O帆。
  三人一日游春尤爱划龙舸;
  十者同天避暑必去划心帆。
  此联取材歌曲《歌唱二小放牛郎》和动画片《聪明的一休》。
  “二小”即“示”;“日前”由“明”、“晓”破损意会。
  “一休”即“体”;“丑角”由“看”、“羞”破损意会。
  放歌OO受启示明了OO咋破晓;
  提问OO答得体看着OO难遮羞。
  放歌二小受启示明了日前咋破晓;
  提问一休答得体看着丑角难遮羞。
  
  数字格
  就是运用数字巧妙构成对联。
  刘贡父善属对。
  王安石试之:三代夏商周。
  刘贡父对道:四诗风雅颂。
  王安石夸其对句:真乃天造地设。
  冰冷酒 一点两点三点
  丁香花 百头千头萬头
  注解:上联苏小妹出。
  下联苏东坡对。
  花甲重开 外加三七岁月
  古稀双庆 内多一个春秋
  一掌擎天 五指三长两短
  六合插地 七层四面八方
  万瓦千砖 百日造成十字庙
  一舟二橹 三人遥过四通桥
  尺蛇人谷 量量九寸零十分
  七鸭浮江 数数三双多一只
  注解:上联:一尺去掉九寸,还剩十分(一寸)。
  下联:七减去三双(六),还剩一。
  水冷金寒 火神庙 大兴土木
  南腔北调 中军官 什么东西
  注解:上联合「五行」。
  下联对「五方」。
  课演六爻 内卦三爻 外卦三爻
  棒长八尺 随身四尺 离身四尺
  有三分水 二分竹 添一分明月
  从五步楼 十步阁 望百步大江
  五百罗汉渡江 岸边波心千佛子
  一个美女对月 人间天上两婵娟
  注解:上联:「千」是「五百」的二倍。
  下联:「两」是「一个」的二倍。
  童子数椽:一二三四五六七八九十
  先生讲命:甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸
  两汉五代六朝十国,古古今今多变局
  一末二净三生四旦,重重叠叠上瑶台
  ——程道衡 湖北黄梅孔垅万年台戏台。
  达四门四目四聪,我有嘉宾,莫负文章华国选
  书六德六行六艺,丞哉髦士,要兼孝弟力田科
  ——林则徐 福建福州明远楼。
  乾八卦,坤八卦,八八六十四卦,卦卦乾坤已定
  鸾九声,凤九声,九九八十一声,声声鸾凤和鸣
  一封书,二度梅,三击掌,四百士,五福堂,堂堂都摆千秋剑
  六追车,七剪梅,八件衣,九莲灯,十王庙,庙庙皆立春秋碑
  一孤舟,二客商, 三四五六水手,扯起七八页风蓬,下九江,还有十里。
  十里运,九里香,“八七六五”号轮,虽走四三年旧道,只二日,胜似一年。
  一大乔,二小乔,三寸金莲四寸腰,五匣六盒七彩纷,八分九分十信娇。
  十九月,八分圆,七个进士六个还,五更四鼓三声响,二乔三乔一人占。
  取二川,排八阵,六出七擒,五丈原明灯四十九盏,一心只为酬三愿。
  平西蜀,定南蛮,东和北拒,中军帐变卦土木金爻,水面偏能用火攻。
  
  析音格(谐音格):
  利用语言文字同音,同义的关系,使一句话涉及到两件事情或两种内容,一语双关地表达作者所要表达的意思。
  泥肥禾尚瘦
  昼短夜差长
  注解:「晷」音鬼。上联的意思是:泥土肥沃,但禾苗仍然瘦弱。下联的意思是:太阳在天上的时间越来越短(所谓晷短,此乃夏至后发生的自然现象),日夜的时差越来越长。若以谐音读此联,则变成:
  尼肥和尚瘦
  鬼短夜叉长
  程敏政人称神童,宰相李贤欲招为婿,指着席上果品,
  出对曰:因荷(何)而得藕(偶),
  程对道:有杏(幸)不须梅(媒)。
  李贤大喜,乃将女儿配之。
  鸡饥盗稻童筒打
  鼠暑凉梁客咳惊
  注解:孩童打鸡,老鼠乘凉,皆生活琐事。此联重叠六组同音字(请以普通话念),颇见巧思。
  上联:「鸡饥」同音,「盗稻」同音,「童筒」同音。
  上联:「暑鼠」同音,「凉梁」同音,「客咳」同音。
  移椅倚桐同观月
  等灯登阁各攻书
  注解:上联:「移椅倚」同音,「桐同」同音。
  下联:「等灯登」同音,「阁各」同音。
  贾岛醉来非假倒
  刘伶饮尽不留零
  注解:明代唐伯虎与张灵,饮酒整日,俱醉,遂对此联。酒喝得一干二净,人也真个倒也倒也。贾岛、刘伶,俱为善饮者。此联好做酒店招牌。
  附趣味故事:晋人刘伶好饮酒。有人对他说,酿酒的工具腐烂得快,以说明酒对身体有害。刘伶答道:“你难道没看见肉放在酒中保存得久吗?”
  焦山洞里住椒山
  扬子江头渡杨子
  注解:【明代杨继盛题镇江焦山联】
  「扬杨」同音,「焦椒」同音。杨子即杨继盛,「椒山」系字号。
  嫂扫乱柴呼叔束
  姨移破桶叫姑箍
  注解:唐伯虎与友人对联。扫柴、箍桶,农家琐事,造为联语,又嵌入同音字(请以普通话念),别具情趣。
  上联:「嫂扫」同音,「叔束」同音。
  下联:「姨移」同音,「姑箍」同音。
  无山得似巫山好 无山得似巫山好
  何叶能如荷叶圆 何水能如河水清
  书临汉帖瀚林书
  面上荷花和尚面
  注解:上联(唐伯虎出):「荷和」同音,「上尚」同音。
  下联(李调元对):「临林」同音,「汉瀚」同音。
  * 此联亦是回文倒顺联
  独览梅花扫腊雪
  遥睨山势舞流溪
  注解:上联:Do, Re, Me, Fa, So, La, Ti。
  下联:一至七数字方言读音。
  清风满地难容我
  明月何时再照人
  注解:上联:「清」暗寓清朝统治。
  下联:「明月」怀念明代。
  师姑田里挑禾上
  美女堂前抱绣裁
  注解:上联为祝枝山所出,下联为沈石田所对。「禾上」谐音「和尚」,「绣裁」谐音「秀才」。
  盗者莫来 道者来
  闲人免进 贤人进
  檐下蜘蛛一腔丝意
  庭前蚯蚓满腹泥心
  注解:上联:「丝」谐「私」。
  下联:「泥」谐「疑」,方言读音。
  蒲叶桃叶葡萄叶,草本木本
  梅花桂花玫瑰花,春香秋香
  注解:第一字跟第五字同音,第二字跟第六字同音。此外,蒲树是草 本植物,桃树是木本植物;梅花在春天开放,桂花则在秋天开放。
  此乃明人解缙撰春联,谐音巧妙而不露雕凿痕迹,大家手笔。
  妈妈骑马,马慢妈妈骂马
  妞妞轰牛,牛拧妞妞拧牛
  秀才张某恃才高傲。一天,在田垅遇一挑泥农夫,不肯让路,两人均不得过。农夫笑道:“我有一联,君若能对,愿下田让道。”秀才满口应承。农夫曰:一担重泥遇子路(寓一旦仲尼遇子路)。张苦思冥想,无言可对,只得下田让路。三年后,张某看浚河工决堤引水,傍晚河工约会笑而返,才恍然大悟,续上前联:两堤夫子笑颜回。
  山童采栗用箱承,劈栗扑簏
  野老卖菱将担倒,倾菱空笼
  注解:此联之妙,在于末四字既关含义,又是象声。
  童子打桐子,桐子落,童子乐
  和尚立河上,河上崩,和尚奔
  注解:此为古对,在有些方言中“落”、“乐”同音,“崩”、“奔”同 音。
  今对:
  童子打桐子,桐子落,童子乐
  丫头啃鸭头,鸭头咸,丫头嫌
  麻姑吃蘑菇,蘑菇藓,麻姑仙
  童子打桐子,桐子落,童子乐
  风吹蜂 蜂扑地 风息蜂飞
  李打鲤 鲤沉底 李沉鲤浮
  鹰立树梢月照斜影鹰不斜
  猫伏墙角风吹毛动猫未动
  注解:上/下联:「猫毛」近音,「鹰影」近音。
  水陆洲 洲停舟 舟行洲不行
  天心阁 阁落鸽 鸽飞阁未飞
  侍郎游市 眼前柿树是谁栽
  和尚过河 手扯荷花何处插
  密云不雨 通州无水不通舟
  钜野皆田 即墨有秋皆即麦
  姑娘栽谷 谷秧掉姑娘脚前
  指挥烧纸 纸灰飞指挥头上
  鸡站箕沿上 鸡压箕 翻箕扑鸡
  驴系梨树下 驴挨梨 落梨打驴
  尼姑沽酒 酒美价廉 尼姑宜沽
  和尚上楼 楼高梯短 和尚何上
  鹦鹉洲 洲上舟 水推舟流洲不流
  洛阳桥 桥下荞 风吹荞动桥不动
  昨夜敲棋寻子路
  今朝对镜见颜回
  注解:子路,即孔子的弟子,又可解为「棋子的路数」。
  颜回,即孔子的弟子,又指「面颜的真容」。
  未出土时便有节
  及凌云处尚虚心
  注解:借写竹咏物言志。
  民国万税(岁);
  天下太贫(平)。
  孔子生於舟末
  光舞起自汉中
  注解:上联:舟「周」。
  下联:舞「武」。
  虚心竹有低头叶
  傲骨梅无仰面花
  雨洒灰堆成麻子
  风吹荷叶像乌龟
  注解:上联:成谐(陈)。
  下联:像谐(向)。
  眼前一簇园林谁家庄子
  壁上几行文字哪个汉书
  月朗晴空今夜断言无雨
  风寒露冷来晚必定成霜
  注解:下联:「成霜」谐「成双」。
  和尚挑水两膀尽是汗淋
  尼姑栽秧双手按插布阵
  注解:「按插」谐「按察」,「布阵」谐「布政」。
  「尽是」谐「进士」,「汗淋」谐「翰林」。
  两船并行橹速不如帆快
  八音齐奏笛清难比箫和
  注解:上联:「橹速」谐「鲁肃」,「帆快」谐「樊哙」。
  下联:「笛清」谐「狄青」,「箫和」谐「萧何」。
  塔内点灯 层层孔明诸角(葛)亮
  池中栽藕 节节太白理长根(庚)
  注解:上联:诸葛亮字孔明。
  下联:李太白字长庚。
  提蓝山中采兰花,为蓝衣人拦住;
  执毛室內题壁月,遭碧玉女逼成。
  霜降降霜,孀妇伤心双足冷;
  日食食日,术家述理数人奇。
  河內荷花,和尚采来何处插;
  寺中柿子,士人摘去自家尝。
  眼珠子 鼻孔子 朱子反在孔子上
  眉先生 胡后生 先生不及后生长
  
  镶嵌格:
  把某些特定的字词按一定的位置嵌入对联之中,以取得形式上的别致和内容上的别有情趣。由于镶嵌位置不同,又可分为多种类型。如:鹤顶格、燕颔格、鸢肩格、鹤膝格、魁斗格等。
  鹤顶格:
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上下联首字位置上
  韬略终须建新国
  奋飞还得读良书
  (出处:郭沫若“韬奋图书馆”)
  雪散天女花,超离苦海,
  芬洒甘露水,普济众生。
  (出处:陈铭枢书赠袁雪芬)
  燕颔格:
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上下联第二字位置上
  日长无奈清愁多
  逢春也似蜜蜂忙
  嵌“长春”
  鸢肩格:
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上下联第三字位置上
  自有晚风推楚浪
  不劳春色染湘烟
  嵌“晚春”
   
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上下联第四字位置上
  此地之凤毛麟角
  其人如仙露明珠
  蔡锷赠小凤仙
  鹤膝格:
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上下联第五字位置上
   
  魁斗格:
  要求将规定的字分别嵌在上联首字和下联末字处
  盼团圆,隔海常洒思亲泪
  望统一,桑梓多怀南燕归
  嵌“盼归”
  碎锦格:
  不拘位置,只要在上下联中嵌入规定的字就行
  著名数学家华罗庚所撰之联:
  三强韩赵魏
  九章勾股弦
  其中“三强”为战国时韩、赵、魏三个强国,又隐喻科学家钱三强的名字,而“九章”为首次记载勾股定理的名著,而又为大气物理学家赵九章的名字。
  清 李紹仿(嘉庆君生日贺联)
  順泰康宁雍然乾德嘉千古
  治平熙世正是隆恩庆萬年
  良朋莅沈
  美鹿鸣春
  沈阳“鹿鸣春”餐馆
  人澹似菊
  品逸于梅
  1944年郑逸梅50寿辰,南社同仁高吹万所书的一付贺联,郑逸梅本姓鞠,鞠、菊通假。
  嵌地名联
  密云不雨旱三河,虽玉田亦难丰润
  怀柔有道皆遵化,知顺义便是良乡
  密云、三河、玉田、丰润、怀柔、遵化、顺义、良乡,都是北京河北一带地名
  天坛地坛日月坛,坛坛共土
  前海后海中南海,海海同源
  北京有天坛、地坛、日坛、月坛,是皇帝祭祀的地方;现在都是公园。
  什刹前海、什刹海、什刹后海、北海和中南海,是彼此联通的湖泊。
  十里春风长安两路
  千年晓月永定一桥
  永定一桥是指横跨永定河的芦沟桥,有著名的“芦沟晓月”
  
  歇后格
  所谓歇后联,就是用歇后语构成的对联。歇后语是熟语的一种,多用群众熟悉,诙谐而形象的语句, 运用时可隐去后文,以前文示义,也可以前后文并列。
  开花芝麻,步步高;
  出土甘蔗,节节甜。
  和尚撑船--篙打江心罗汉
  佳人汲水--绳牵井底观音
  醉汉骑驴--颠头簸脑算酒账
  艄公捋橹--打拱作揖讨船钱
  稻草扎秧--父抱子
  竹篮提笋--母怀儿
  马过木桥--蹄打鼓
  鸡啄铜盆--嘴敲锣
  碧纱帐内坐佳人--烟笼芍药
  清水池中洗和尚--水浸葫芦
  君子之交淡如--水
  醉翁之意不在--酒
  未必逢凶化--吉
  何曾起死回--生
  廪生抹围裙--斯文扫地
  屠户戴顶子--杀气冲天
  强盗画喜容--贼形难看
  阎王出告示--鬼话连篇
  鸡犬过霜桥--一路竹叶梅花
  牛马行雪地--两行蚌壳团鱼
  
  针顶格
  所谓针顶,就是将前一个分句的句脚字,作为后一个分句的句头字,使相邻的两分句首尾相连,亦称「联珠对」、「联锦对」。
  唐伯虎同祝枝山因事到乡村,看到家夫车水。
  祝出对曰:水车车水,水随车,车停水止。
  唐对句道:风扇扇风,风出扇,扇动风生。
  祝唐之对实属巧妙,传诵一时。
  千里为重 重山重水重庆府
  一人成大 大邦大国大明君
  大肚能容,容天下难容之事
  开口便笑,笑世间可笑之人
  金水河边金线柳,金线柳穿金鱼口
  玉栏杆外玉簪花,玉簪花插玉人头
  ---胡子祺 解缙
  开口便笑 笑古笑今凡事付之一笑
  大肚能容 容天容地与己何所不容
  弓长张张弓,张弓手张弓射箭,箭箭皆中
  木子李李木,李木匠李木雕弓,弓弓难开
  保俶塔,塔顶尖,尖如笔,笔写五湖四海
  锦带桥,桥洞圆,圆似镜,镜照万国九州
  大鱼吃小鱼,小鱼吃虾,虾吃泥,泥干水尽
  朝廷刮州府,州府刮县,县刮民,民穷国危
  大鱼吃小鱼,小鱼吃虾,虾吃水,水落石出
  溪水归河水,河水归江,江归海,海阔天空
  黄花岗,岗花黄,黄照碧血,血染黄花留芳阁。
  绿水河,河水绿,绿映白塔,塔印绿水存真容。
  
  
  
  对联的用字技巧
  对联有许多独特的用字技巧,以下为一些常见的技巧。
  (一) 复字
  所谓复字,就是某一个字在对联中重复出现几次。如:
  风声、雨声、读书声,声声入耳;
  家事、国事、天下事,事事关心。
  (二) 隐字
  所谓隐字,就是有意识地将某些字隐去,从而含蓄、巧妙地表达某种意思。如:
  二三四五;
  六七八九。
  横批:南北
  此联的寓意:缺一(衣),少十(食),没有东西。
  (三) 嵌字
  所谓嵌字,就是把有关的人名、物名或其他名字嵌如对联中,使对联意中有意。如著名数学家华罗庚所撰之联:
  三强韩赵魏
  九章勾股弦
  其中“三强”为战国时韩、赵、魏三个强国,又隐喻科学家钱三强的名字,而“九章”为首次记载勾股定理的名著,而又为大气物理学家赵九章的名字。
  又如陈铭枢书赠袁雪芬的嵌字联:
  雪散天女花,超离苦海,
  芬洒甘露水,普济众生。
  (四) 叠字
  所谓叠字,就是将联中某些字叠起来使用,形成反复重叠的艺术效果。如:
  水水山山,处处明明秀秀;
  晴晴雨雨,时时好好奇奇。
  莺莺燕燕翠翠红红处处融融冶冶;
  风风雨雨花花草草年年暮暮朝朝。
  (五) 拆字
  所谓拆字,就是将联中某一合体字拆成几个独体字。如:
  妙人儿倪家少女,
  大言者诸葛一人。
  踏破磊桥三快石;
  分开出路两重山。
  (六) 合字
  所谓合字,就是把联中的某几个字合成一个字,构成字面上的对偶,同时内容也蕴含着某种含义。如:
  古木枯,此木成柴;
  女子好,少女更妙。
  (七) 针顶
  所谓针顶,就是将前一个分句的句脚字,作为后一个分句的句头字,使相邻的两分句首尾相连。如:
  大肚能容,容天下难容之事;
  开口便笑,笑世间可笑之人。
  (八) 数字
  所谓数字,就是运用数字巧妙构成对联。如:
  一孤舟,二客商, 三四五六水手,扯起七八页风蓬,下九江,还有十里。
  十里运,九里香, 八七六五号轮,虽走四三年旧道,只二日,胜似一年。
  (九) 歇后联
  所谓歇后联,就是用歇后语构成的对联。 如:
  开花芝麻,步步高;
  出土甘蔗,节节甜。
  (十) 同旁
  所谓同旁,就是将同偏旁部首的字组合成对联。如:
  湛江港清波滚滚
  渤海湾浊浪滔滔
  (十一) 混异
  所谓混异,就是把音同或音近的字用在同一联中,以达成某种意思。如:
  民国万税(岁);
  天下太贫(平)。
  (十二) 拟声
  所谓拟声,就是通过模拟声音以取得某种艺术效果。如:
  普天同庆,“当庆”、“当庆”、“当当庆”;
  举国若狂,“情狂”、“情狂”、“情情狂”。


  Couplet History
  Couplet is a unique form of art and literature, which began in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, so far, a thousand years of history.
  As early as the Qin and Han before Spring Festival Chinese Folk Chinese New Year custom of hanging there. The so-called Spring Festival, that is the legendary god of reducing ghost "God tea" and "touches base" name, were written on two pieces of mahogany board, hung around the door to Ghost suppress. This custom continued for a thousand years, the Five Dynasties period, people began to put together language problem in the mahogany board. According to "History of Song. Shu family," recorded after the Shuzhumengchang Five "per-year-old addition, orders for the word bachelor, title Spring Festival, _set_ sleep around the door. Dynasty (AD 96 years), Bachelor of essays Hang Yin Shun words Chang of its non-working, self-Ming Bi inscription: New Year's Day inclusive Yuqing Jia Changchun No.
  This is our first appeared in a New Year's couplets.
  Song after the suspension of civil New Year couplets are fairly common, Wang poem "1000 10 000-tong-tong day total to replace old scrolls new" sentence is a true portrayal of the then flourishing. Since the emergence and Spring Festival couplets are closely related, so the ancients also called the Spring Festival couplets as "Spring Festival."
  Until the Ming Dynasty, people began to use it instead of mahogany red paper boards, couplets, as we see today. According to "hairpin Guoyunlou miscellaneous words" record, ZHU Yuan capital in Nanking, the New Year's Eve before, had ordered or poor to increase their doors couplets one, and personally plain clothes, stay in doors watching fun. Later, the literati were all together against the title as refined. Into the clear after the couplet has its peak time, there have been many joint best-known names right.
  With the development of national cultural exchange, couplet also spread to Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore and other countries. These countries still keep the custom paste couplets.
  The basic rules of couplets
  Couplets, elegantly called "couplets", commonly known as pairs. It is deep in simple, neat antithesis, tone, coordination, is the sound of the word a unique art form of Chinese language. Can be said that couplet art treasures of Chinese culture.
  About the type of couplet into couplets, happy together, life together, elegiac couplet, decorative Alliance, the industry together, communication and miscellaneous associated together (including Joint ....) and so humorous. Couplet text of different lengths, short only one or two words; up to several hundred words long.
  Couplet forms, there is right, oppose water right, together ball, _set_ sentence on the other. But no matter what kind of couplet, in what form, but must have the following features:
  1 words equivalent to, the same punctuation. In addition to intentionally vacated the position of a word in order to achieve a certain effect, the number of words must be the same up and down together, no less.
  Second, tone, consistency, tonal harmony. Traditional practice of "Ze Qi level down", that is the end of the last sentence of the word in conjunction with the oblique tones, the second line last sentence of the last word with a level tone.
  Third, the relative part of speech, the same position. Generally known as "virtual on virtual, real to real" is the term of the nouns, verbs of the verb, adjective on adjective, number of the quantifiers, adverbs adverbs, and words must be in the same relative position.
  Fourth, the content-related, up and down link. The meaning of the upper and lower joint must be interrelated, but can not be repeated. In addition, the display of the couplet, traditional practices must also be posted straight vertical writing from right to left, top to bottom, can not be reversed. Scroll reads closely related with the couplet, the subject can be said couplet is the central couplet. Good scroll reads, can play a finishing touch in the couplet, complementary role.
  Tibetan word format
   
  Also known as "lacking cell", together in a conscious omission of certain words, to express some kind of implicit meaning skillfully.
  1234567
  Ritual honest faithful filial piety
  Note: the joint forget 8, homophonic tortoise, the second line to play shameless.
  2345;
  6789.
  Scroll reads: North-South
  The moral of this joint: lack of a (clothing), less 10 (food), nothing.
  Write the word three Qiuli North Cyprus
  Road leading to the Punto line
  Note: the United hidden "Goose."
  The second line hidden "Compass."
  On the number of sound blows the Xiangjiang
  A pillow cloud attracted Gorge
  Note: the United hidden "flute."
  The second line hidden "dream."
  Shoulder snow 3 miles
  2 heaven and earth 12:00
  Note: the United hidden "bearers."
  The second line hidden "cat."
  Separation of Chinese lattice
  Separation of Chinese, is to fit together in a word is split into several independent characters.
  Qianlong about books, Shi Du, long time, can not help but miss home come from Hejian.
  See Qianlong Ji Xiaolan's mind, he said: "I see you is: I 10 thought, thinking his wife thought Zisi parents"
  Ji Xiaolan immediately knelt down and said: "If the standard were allowed to leave, I will: Xie Yan-inch body, thank God thank the King"
  Sacred Heart Qianlong big Yue, graciously grant leave to return home Mothering Ji Xiaolan.
  Later on, there is a child health examination. Examiners did not bring a gift for adults, the results are not repeated in the trial. One year, the children went to exam students, examiners adults to see him again empty-handed, they quickly threw aside his papers, and the United taunt him:
  Kamimagari for the old hook for the examination under the old examination of child health, child health examination to the old;
  Child health would like to, I try not repeat the first, not I am not only, but no money gifts. Then on to:
  Two for the day, a man big, big favor, favors big as day.
  Hill, Shiyan dry before the old trees, the wood for the wood!
  Scarf tent woman good girl even better!
  Chai mountain out of this mountain
  Due to fire into the smoke Xixi more
  NI Jia Miao people girl children
  Efforts toward the only warrior Ge
  Note: The first word analysis for the Sixth, Seven Words, second, the fourth word words together.
  NI Jia Miao people girl children
  Zhuge one big speaker
  Note: The first word analysis for the Sixth, Seven Words, second, the fourth word words together.
  NI Jia Miao people girl children
  Zhi Li Zhong Shan Temple golden boy
  Note: The first word analysis for the Sixth, Seven Words, second, the fourth word words together.
  Zhang longbow, riding Cheema, single Ge operations
  Married women at home, pregnancy is a child, a boy said, nephew
  You can wear out faster Lei three stone bridges;
  Two separate way to Mt.
  Porter of leisure tree
  Field between the mind thinking
  Or like a garden, dragging out also in China Yuan
  I stand trail, looking bitterly painful future
  Less water and sediment that are
  Is the embankment side as
  8 knives and a half powder
  Trinidad heavy Admiralty
  Ancient enemies do
  (Wills) made Chester heart
  Two territories sat
  In January next day side
  David is a river birds
  Silk worms for the world
  Freezing rain shower, East West 3:00 2:00
  Cross-cut partition off seven Daoshubadao
  From: Ming. Jiang Tao, Yan Yang words, Cheung Chau (now Jiangsu Suzhou) people, the Ming Dynasty writer
  The United dismantling "freeze", "spill" is used.
  The United dismantle "all", "sub" word.
  I aim at the sky to swallow the world I Wu
  Wang Wang human side out of the whole intent of any
  Note: the United demolition "Wu Tun," the word.
  The second line split "full term" word.
  One eye open it into two unknown
  Twenty first cut of this body should be subject to 8 knives
  Note: the United demolition "Ding" word.
  The second line split "fun" character.
  Pinger horse trainer three princes Ma Ma Feng trainer 5
  No Yi Yin Yi Yin was one per kill
  Note: the United demolition, "Mr Tame."
  The second line split "Yi Yin."
  Wall hanging bead curtain curtain you said Wang Zhu curtain
  Middle of the night baby I was in charge of Health almost Haishi almost his confinement
  Note: the United demolition "Pearl"
  The second line split "child"
  Monk who was unable to answer Buddha
  Female humble servant can say for the slave
  Note: the joint, "who had" a Buddhist monk, "Eph" as the Buddha.
  Under the joint "female base" for the tick, "women and" slaves.
  Three women were raped two women are starting from a woman
  Five adults were entirely cover the umbrella Villain
  Note: the joint, "three women" for rape
  Under the joint "five" as the umbrella
   
  Curs only been a total of five adults umbrella cover
  4 are the same maps with population control from outside the mouth
  10 consider coming country homesick thinking Sajik
  Wind project still tours tours eight full moon tours Akika
  Note: the Joint "10 heart" thinking.
  Under the joint "Eight Items still" as the reward.
  At East next month in the Western Paradise to generate word
  Child home with the right woman on the left hand _set_ calligraphy world
  Note: the joint, "moon" as the next.
  Under the joint "children" as well.
  Joe Johnson abhor female natural rubber Xiao face rouge
  Wu Ge is the only copper cast-iron dart Feng Ho Lo
  Bamboo Temple monks go hand thanks to four-dimensional Lohan
  Door to idle could be the size of the two mountain peaks
  Note: the joint "bamboo temple" as such "hands" to worship, "four-dimensional" for Romania.
  Under the joint "doors" for leisure, "two mountains" as a "size" for the tip.
  4 Wei Luoma under the Luo Luo Luo Luo Luo ride
  The speaker before various wiring all those pig pig pig, after all pull
  Note: the joint, "four-dimensional" as the Law, "each horse" for the Luo.
  Under the joint "speaker" for all "line is who" as a pig.
  Inch of land for the temple, temple next to the word poetry, poem says: send the moon temple monks return.
  Two-wood forest, forest show ban, ban goes: If the axes and the mountains.
  Note: the joint "inch of land" as the temple, "made by Temple" as poetry.
  Under the joint "double wood" as forest, "Lin said," is prohibited.
  Crystal word three days, there will be days when the thought of the day, day day, day 36 000 years.
  Products of three character port, should when the mouth opening and mouth opening, mouth mouth, do more to persuade Jun glass of wine.
  Note: the United demolition "Crystal."
  The second line split "products."
  Sun and Moon Ming faint, since Lan mountain, the stone is still broken skin firm, and ancient dry dead.
  Keren how come when a long distance re-meaning if, Wing Yan Wing Yellow Crane, efforts toward persons not already.
  Note: the joint "Ming", "Lan", "broken", "dry."
  Under the joint "what", "weight", "Wing," "Chi."
  Reasons for the mid-Qing Dynasty scholar, Jiangsu Yizheng people Daoguang six years (1826) has Ren Yungui Governor. Year he went to Beijing to Taipei bus to the capital they test period is over. Examiner see his name, then his name was on the joint request right, Ruan immediately on the "Yi Yin (Shang Dynasty Yin prime minister)." Examiners to record his Scholars.
  Reduplication format:
  Trekking trekking trip and only
  Why not sit sit sit
  From: Zhejiang Changyang South Cloud Temple.
  There 赫赫赫赫赫 plug day table
  赫赫赫赫赫 under noisy world
  Of: Xi Kam from: Shandong Zou County have Hermens Yishan.
  Scratched his itch, itch scratched his, does not itch do not scratch, do not itch do not scratch, the more the more itch scratch, the more the more itch to scratch - Private School Teachers
  Life and death, tightly reproducing, give birth has died, a death was birth President, you die, the first to die - Mr Li Tiao
  Yingyingyanyan Tracy living in harmony with the rule of the rule of red everywhere
  Stormy evening in mid-Mo Zhao Zhao plants and flowers
  On: Send dust from: Shanghai Yuyuan flower temple.
  Winding, fro, flower leaf, water of mountain hill, like Huan Hi everyone, everywhere searching
  One year, evening twilight Zhao Zhao, Yuyu air damper, Yingyingyanyan, think about coming and going, often red Tracy
  Analysis: Mu Shouqi From: Gansu Lanzhou Yang Park.
  Ding under the tree, tall pat next spring
  Central Circle overlay Hill songs
  Dazzling red everywhere Yingyingyanyan
  Plants and flowers in mid-Mo Mo Chao Chao
  From: Hangzhou West Lake Union
  Everywhere obviously Xiu Shui Shan Shan
  Qingqing Yuyu always a good odd-odd
  From: Hangzhou Qing palace garden pavilions Pillars.
  Mountain after another heavy Diego Diego Central Circle
  Tintin Hasty under the tree next spring high
  From: Hangzhou 9 18 Stream Road Pavilion together.
  Numerous wedding, numerous hi, hi, mid-income by the wind.
  Ying Ying laughter, Ying Ying laugh, laughing frequently pass good news.
  Ups and downs, warm winter cold, always searching.
  Yingyingyanyan, flower leaf, evening twilight Chao Chao Ching-Ching.
  From: Suzhou net wire Park Alliance.
  Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa Pa, Pa to the gantry Sanji wave.
  Sing Sing Sing, Sing Sing Sing, Sing Sing Sing, sing Xianji Seven Sisters song.
  Word format resume
  One or a few words in accordance with certain rules, repeated many times.
  Jun Shan Mountains have to see
  Wang Qing Shui is
  Kou Zhun and friends with the travel, the right reads: Underwater on the moon. No to the relative.
  Yang Danian just arrived, he replied; eyes of the people in front of people. Zhong Jie acclaim.
  Shan Shan Chang Dede virtuous
  No sand rustling water of Long
  From: Changsha, Hunan white manhole
  Do not naturally do not fear trouble
  To love to the wicked side is Masato
  Good reading to learn good farming is good
  Difficulty in _set_ting it difficult to understand is it difficult business
  Smoke Shuiting absorbing water from the tobacco smoke from
  Storm waves from the well pump wave air damper Xing
  Spring Hill United States United States United States ambitious water more beautiful
  New times and new people new to the industry more new transmission
  Day trip to the mountainside near mountains beyond day
  Floating on the water on the bottom also Shen groan
  A tea mountains never the thirst Solutions Solutions Solutions
  Wu Yan Shi Shi Shi Shi absolutely the only donor
  Next month on month in August obviously exceptionally
  Shan Shan Shan Shan Xiu Xiu is Wushan
  Watershed watershed bridge separate eating Points
  Look under the flower kiosk to see it to see back to look at
  And out to open all satisfied smile
  US-piece suit pick and choose pieces of the Heart
  Go Panasonic, pine nuts every fall with the piece
  Yanabe fishing, often accompanied by fishing line hanging willow
  Green bamboo wind, the wind turned green bamboo bamboo storm
  White plum snow, snow Ying Bai Meimei Yingxue
  Fan fan, the wind out of fans, fan wind
  Water tanker truck water, lorry, car without water only
  Note: the United snowster out.
  The second line I wish Chih-shan right.
  Wind, rain, reading voice, ears
  Family, state, and the world are all concerned
  Hope the sky, empty eyes to heaven, every day looking space free
  Easy to ask hard, hard is easy to ask, difficult to ask for help every difficult for all
  Note: In the past, Hangzhou, Division One held for many years sub-field frustrated, which return year after Mingluosunshan and specially to the Qiantang River Pagoda of Six Harmonies, denta gazed at the tower wall in despair in a previous book together.
  Buddha foot springs floating, fluttering Gone, Gone the next two jade
  Fountainhead run, run run run, emitting a string of pearls
  Full moon in heaven, earth Halfmoon, month and full moon, every Halfmoon
  End of this year, early next year, year after year at the end, next year
  Notes: First, 2 Jie You "month" word, but the meaning is different from the whole sentence six "month" is used.
  Full moon, the waning moon, the waning moon, full moon, warcraft gold, evening twilight Zhao Zhao, night side, see the end of day.
  To blossom, the flowers bloom, summer Xiaqiu Qiu, summer heat and cool, winter after the beginning of Spring.
  Mr. President, epigenetic epigenetic, epigenetic, Mr. Health, life and life after the trip students, after the first has, yourself
  I said I said, you said you said I said I tell you tell you, I, I, you, you, why not talk about
  -
  Regression of
  Back each other up and down together Read
  It is said in the Qing Dynasty in Beijing a "Natural Habitat" restaurant. Qianlong travel incognito, into the store to drink, Now they think of this pair of palindromic pairs, very proud.
  Customer's natural home,
  Actually the sky off.
  Then the pair of couplets as the Alliance, but he can not think of the second line, let Ji Xiaolan right, Ji Xiaolan Road:
  Customer's natural home, and gave off the sky.
  Were too large Buddhist temple, Buddhist Temple, a large extraordinary.
  Was added separately after the joint:
  Buddhist Temple Tour cloud hidden, hidden temple wandering monk.
  Doctor Ruo Li-, Li-if Wang Zhonglang
  Yin a more blessed, to more Yin Fu
  Spring rich first village, the village rich people rejuvenation
  Among Liu, is as Liu Man
  Feng Xiang-Hong Montreal flowers, red flowers all over the air
  Shigeru Haruki green lawn rain, days with Bi Shu Yu Zi Chun
  Yan Yan safflower with rain, rain fell along with bright red flowers
  Everywhere obviously Xiu Shui Shan Shan, Xiu obviously mountains and rivers everywhere
  Qingqing Yuyu always good Kiki, Kiki always good Yuyu Qingqing
  Down time is read in conjunction with a
  Festive Light rain Castle Peak Show
  Cedar Park Hong drum blast
  United Tonghai Xiushan
  Small kerosene lamp
  Matches when the firewood
  Everywhere everywhere safranin
  Green heavy heavy tree
  Fly fly everywhere everywhere
  Acoustic sound of laughter laughter
  Lock mountain mountain fog fog
  Days with water, tail water and groaning
  Snowy mountains snowy ridge the wind blowing
  Longtan Lake Long live living water
  Drop-down Fung Fung Wu Indus
  Perfect Pair Bi United beads
  Jing Jing Izumiyama the spring
  Qingshuitang in pond water clear
  Fly fly everywhere everywhere
  Bi murmur murmur clear water
  Hong Yun Bishan Xiangshan Temple of Azure Clouds
  Huangshan mountain yellow larch leaves were gone
  Is read back time for the homophonic
  Lotus Monk surface area
  Han Han Lin Pro book quote book
  Out. Snowster write this on the joint, and after a few hundred years before the Qing Dynasty, Li Yuan adjustment up and down together.
  Light Rain Mountain, Castle Peak embroidery embroidery
  Cooper incense cedar blast
  Zigzag bridge in the lake empty, empty pot liquor obtained under the bridge
  Tao house before the dead drunk, drunk peach front yard Abstract
  Down time into a new joint
  Feng Xiang-Hong Montreal flowers
  Shigeru Haruki green lawn rain
  Twilight days away on 寒窗 fog
  Cold clouds of dusk on the away-day
  Bridge on Pine Drive Little Terakado
  Lane when the spring wave of the Qing Shi
  Merging cells
  With classical poems in couplets synthesized sentences.
  Study break rolls (Du)
  Strokes from the heroes (Li Bai)
  Wang Yan Mountain Zi Mountain not freeze to force
  The first fear Ui Gui Ming
  Lu Lu "Li Sao" hanging in the Hall
  _Set_ the "Four Books" sentences
  World Wealth
  Yi Xing poor countries will lose
  After the rich without arrogance and eager to learn
  Le sorrows
  Not expose their holders Kwong gas
  Sensitive matter and cautious in speech
  Benevolent do not worry, the wise are free from perplexities brave fear
  _Set_ "Wen Xin Diao Long" sentences
  Li Cheng is a well-deserved word repair
  Do things of creation that made natural Xuan Lan Zhu Wen about the United States
  Landscape Qin aim at the table its conditions Tanzanite ring excited Yun Lin scoundrel Results
  Ben Hua Thai Yunxia color vegetation
  Series "Ancient Yue" sentences
  Huai his life straight
  Sandy Tong Ren Dahua Yang Gui for the oar for Boat
  Such as the hook on cloud may account
  _Set_ Tao Joint verses
  Husband Chi universal
  Xi Ju-inch shade of ancient eastern fence
  Chrysanthemum species of mulberry Yangtze River has good color
  Orchids Health vestibular
  Tang poem _set_ in conjunction
  U.S. to spend more Ying Zhu
  Trees from the forest of willow Shentaolingzhai
  Static Public House on Yunshan from Langhammer G
  Star-hwan article
  Matsukaze clear eyes and ears
  LOH gas attack, as the lofty recognition lapel care deeply stable gas
  Article shining light from robins Bishu busy waterfront land
  Bamboo walls may reflect the mountainside
  After dumping pot hospitality bloom
  Out of bamboo on the early poetry and practical things in the virtual fading
  Wu-long side road stayed in juvenile non-flower water recovery
  Bi Tibet House several deep tree
  South North are spring water house house
  I see a visitor out his foreign land corner green water clear autumn Wye City
  Poetry for the sun_set_ on the river
  Li Bai's poems _set_ in conjunction
  Moon drop seeds
  Yuan Yu Yan everlasting shame sun_set_ Lotus
  Intended to re-Yin Tai lightly to step Takeishi
  Drunk song Fang Fei Long
  Xinxuan miles outside
  Xing sentence in a cup of Zhongxiu Mitsue States
  Fang Sheng Teng Loyalty once people have a life and death
  Emotions can move mountains with dumping
  Huanxi glimpse of moon rock
  Buds of the Japanese House of Mei
  Du Fu's poems _set_ in conjunction
  See boulders leaning against the rod
  Gan Lin mountains open out drunk from the Thousand Days
  Shame and sorrow but people with poor bone
  Poetic inspiration is not atheism
  I have heard that a good country
  Funny final sigh frequency Miles autumn wind Jinshui
  Spring Moon Kokonoe drunk I do not know for whom good Xiantao
  Chengjiang eliminate more unhappy customers
  Sideways world more nostalgia
  Independent boundless self-making style from the old Wing-sie lyrics
  Long poem to flow Heaven and Earth
  Han Yu's poem _set_ in conjunction
  Mo worry about things and getting involved
  Road wins are the new flower flower comes the old leaves over 10,000
  Asked where the Lotus made his life more than boast courage from the laughter
  Notice the weather is cold
  Song poem _set_ in conjunction
  Afraid to stand transferred from customs
  Pregnant with deep business knowledge magnificent ancient forest busy few Xin Tian Zhu
  Read a good book no candle guttering greedy when households Pik Shan night
  Old House on Pine cool storage
  I mountain confidence situ determination of volume
  On-chip high and wandering mind took through the rain forest still in Hong
  Grass keep people busy collection of rolls of Italy since the child can be taught
  All kinds of song to buy land mu
  Door without traveling all the year round static
  Death on the piano book Considers loopholes neglected forest clearance on the knowledge
  Zhu Shao micro-ring feel the wind come to my book can not be intended to make the
  The poems are often old chest
  Su Shi's poem _set_ in conjunction
  Body under a half-day trip Miles
  Eye high seas empty talents in ancient times difficult to apply
  Meet the world where life is not how many people learn Fu
  Love poem from the combination of Tao Qian
  Since ancient times, the portrait master non-Sushi
  Scenery here is a poet
  _Set_ Tingjian verse together
  Tibetan mountain off to light rain for a long time
  Fan Changjiang take days to persuade Gujiu late garden birds
  Day length under the window should read Chow soup plate see tadpole
  Health snakes mountains Daze
  Lu poem _set_ in conjunction
  Rise and Fall of mountains and rivers were Saoshou
  Arbitrary vertical and horizontal wind and rain into the floor, watching mirror has become a pair of white hair on the temples
  Mountains you wear blue shoes story house one night to listen to a few rain
  Quan Qiu Tong three feet diarrhea alone
  _Set_ of words together
  Old Tune seeking independence hold pipa
  Poetry taught the parrot to recite a few half-empty shadow of the moon clouds breaking
  Snow Plum miles for water clouds often comfortable sound
  Jinfeng Yu Lu 1 Encounter
  Cuiyaohongheng withstand wind and rain
  Yellow green frosty weather For chrysanthemum good a Double Ninth, withstand wind and rain
  Boarding hope homeland, thousands of miles seek Can Hong Shan Ren Lei, gentle enough to
  Dancing clear film, thin bone Rinpu
  Test on the small Red, of poetry that sword
  Also try a glass of wine, held the first singing take a long dock in spring, fireworks are picturesque 1000
  Taoyuan Road near, Sangma miles every shade
  Can Hong nowhere to seek, ask how art Dongfeng Singing Sorrowful
  Bliss and other Ping track, I do not know into someone's Jiangzuo Yan
  Taiwan Liu Zhang, Zhang Taiwan Liu, Yiyi this in the past has
  Branch owner, owner sticks, tear little send Acacia
  The drain, Ping Chu south, along the picturesque rivers and mountains
  Chui Yin Gao Liu, old fish blowing waves vaguely charm autumn of Health
  _Set_ the "three graves," the word together
  View rolls of ability and insight bold stroke
  Ji Changming above 100 Bonham
  _Set_ "Qin Yi Mountain Monument" words together
  Compete with words is the reason
  Road Chak no ancient and modern dimension to the time stream is said that long away
  The mountains made straight high
  _Set_ the "Han Cao Quan Stele" words together
  Philosophers, regardless of the portal
  Sceneries the effective article
  _Set_ the "Han Lu Jun monument" words together
  Chungui flowers do not fall
  On a long vertical wind out things when pregnant Chinese Spring
  Chang Qing Yu _set_ foot on return
  _Set_ the "Han Min Fan monument" words together
  The large section of the ancients emphasis
  Teachers at the school door gentleman impermanence old pines court without rocks
  The wind should spring autumn moon
  _Set_ "Orchid Pavilion Preface" word associated
  A pavilion overlooking the water
  Million, a bamboo pavilion cited breeze interest and embrace the mountains
  You Shi to view the world outside the day of the static on the Hill was shown on the water
  Minded if the pressures of a Orchid Bamboo
  _Set_ "holy church order," the word together
  Sea of flowers, incense filled the three
  Her puzzle for mountain runoff in August Tao Yan organizations outside the flower
  Yuxi Lin Tsui For flow up to the door between the deep-see on Pear
  Tibetan temple bell smell pine needles away
  _Set_ "Ming Tai" words together
  Wind from the mountains are all Cheong
  Students from high out on the sea
  _Set_ "King Jun Ming" words together
  With an open mind for the bamboo
  Works to recover clear autumn festival and the late philosopher
  Let the spirit of epigenetic
  _Set_ "Shihmen Song" words together
  Shi Jun-shan
  Return for the River Sea Dragon Sea sinking Triton
  Shiliang hanging junji days
  _Set_ "competition seat posts," the word together
  WTO accession is more to be sections
  Chuanjia Jide also actively cross-section couch about three feet of books
  Door to the southeast on a Laos
  _Set_ the "multi-tower monument," the word together
  Refined into a law book
  Study concept sketch book with 4:00 to be able to spring from the view
  Attitude of life not too good human body
  _Set_ "Sweet Spring Ming" words together
  Deep flavored moon breeze
  Right-left cross-hui Shi
  _Set_ of historical sentences which
  Day High Yagyu style hibiscus Sheng
  Apricot Peach apply Mizuochi day fly between ten steps must have herb
  Adopt the common floating raft on both hope to make every Fuqin parade ring mountains are
  To talk of music in the capital for three-path
  Joint next to the grid
  Carefully conceived, using the radical, radicals of Chinese characters composed of the same couplet.
  The first year of the Ming Dynasty revelation, the Prime Minister leaves to high pass Fuzhou, stay home in the new Division champion Wengzheng Chun, Weng improvisation toward said:
  Jae Chong Su winter home, the poor lonely window.
  Ye are all the opinions together in word Bao hijab, first startled, then leaves, and on the Road:
  Keguan Apartments Palace Huan, Fu Room tolerance.
  Weng next day delivery leaves the road, through the pond, the leaf said: Weng public window last night about the poor lonely, I do not. Look:
  7 duck floating pool, and count the number of three pairs of 1.
  Weng Public unexpectedly been to a military, seeking, as the pond, should Road:
  Diving feet of water, amount of traffic volume is nine inch.
  Finished, two-phase, as the laughter.
  Wooden dense, pine willow Indus
  Fine Shallow Discuss, rivers and streams and lakes
  Note: the middle element of the Southern Song seclusion neither an Official Body eastern Zhejiang Huang Jin submarine mountains, day and lush towering old trees relative, a date, "Wood" is identical to that made on the joint, the second line for future generations the right.
  Milky ocean, lakes surging wave Chung
  Sky thunderbolt synonymous Pei Yu-lin
  From: Hubei Tian Cheng Kwun Lung Dian-Lee states
  Happy flatter than distance
  Advance and retreat even further Wan Road Link
  Involving shallow drainage clean, swing pools surf, roam trickle Zhu Pu Jian Ho
  ★ floor chess pavilion structure, frame sill bridge Zhu Lan, collecting pine and cypress wood pillars
  Notes: ★ the department's "piano" in other words.
  Boudoir nausea, Wen Lu trouble, open leisure asked
  Officials in home, slim and passengers, Yi Shi Ning
  Chunhui warm morning sun
  With farming the fall of Hong Puffs
  Fragrant flowers bud Rui Meng
  Watery diarrhea waves in the lively River
  Zhanjiang Port kiyonami rolling
  Turbid waves surging in Bohai Bay
  Lamentation wail choked throat
  Teardrop Xiangjiang River flows over the sea
  Flooding Sao driving Nuaomazhou
  Tan Zhi Rong wood planted Guisen
  Lotus stem Oupengliantai
  Hibiscus Peony fragrance Rui
  Willow Pond smoke lock
  Zhenhai tower gun
  Note: Humen, Dongguan, Guangdong joint - every Chinese character meaning "gold", "wood", "water" and "fire" and "Earth."
  Shuttle distance Tongda Road
  You Happy rapid advance and retreat
  Lonely widowed 寒窗 empty
  Handsome beautiful woman with Lingding
  Note: Articles in the Ming Dynasty Luoyang wets Young Lady Howard is the daughter of the door and were met, two love at first sight, the text on the joint test son I Yin, Huo daughter casually answering the second line, and finally lovers Chengjuan Zhu.
  Jiyu Hakka, firmly abide by 寒窗 empty loneliness
  After Past lost, return up to Road Tour Carefree
  Wooden dense, pine willow Indus
  Fine Shallow Discuss, rivers and streams and lakes
  Note: the middle element of the Southern Song seclusion neither an Official Zhedong mountain yellow submarine body, daily relative with lush towering old trees, a day to "wood" for the radical made on the joint, the second line for future generations the right.
  Riddle box (United mystery and the mystery together)
  Riddle, there is a kind of traditional couplet mystery, also referred to as "joint mystery." This is the riddle of the riddle with the combination of fine couplet.
  Some mystery should be linked together couplet of the knowledge, the mystery attaching to "Yes, dual, joint, Ying, and" the words fastening, then a layer of mystery more interesting.
  Dragon eternal wish,
  Kyushu thought to serve the country.
  First guess to knowing law, "Long in" (meaning to the prosperity of China), and then attach the "right" that is "Longzhongdui"
  When a rice porridge does not come easy;
  Bansi semi-permanent thread of difficult reading material.
  (Sheng Wenlian) "Union" as the additional characters
  Guanju the end of the five elements (earth)
  Located in the three forces (the ground)
  From: Yunlin County Mouxiang deity couplet
  Yuan Wang Ali;
  Ji Mu Sun Moon Lake.
  (Observatory)
  Crescent at the foot of a hook cloud
  Her last request before two horseshoe
  (Bear)
  Sima trapped above the valley,
  Cheng Ying hide solitary potential Monsanto.
  (Weiweijiuzhao)
  You were one female side of the child; (good)
  Know that I heart Tim door. (Nausea)
  Your mouth does jade, jade; (Country)
  Real audience determined to inadvertent. (Lazy)
  Lu Su Qian Zi ask the way; (Please guide)
  Xiao Yang Qidong window. (Welcome)
  Masaoki suddenly to poetry drinks; (listen more)
  Pride to the gift of a beautiful woman. (Chip in both hands)
  Fan Xin Hong residue removed from the sun_set_ point; (bald)
  Furnace flame works best horse firmly tied to Italy. (Ass)
  White Snake River had a red head; (lamp)
  Dragon Venus wall wearing a million points. (Scale)
  Cut open boat two leaves, containing white gold; (salted egg)
  To break an altar, in the possession of agate pearl. (Pomegranate)
  Su Hsiao-out problem in Qinshao You
  Wu blowing under the door every single hole flute wind every household; (fire stick cylinder)
  Families were among the clouds, scenery of drum Monochord. (Dan Mianhua)
  Brainstorming for the four modernizations; (depends on our intelligent) Red figures
  Overtake each other earn upstream. (Of workers, than dry) mythological figures
  According to legend, Emperor Qianlong had a plain clothes south, people see a door affixed a life together:
  Seventy years of age plus 39 years re-hi;
  Celebrated his sixtieth Adds 28 Spring and Autumn.
  One inquired, his father's 160-year-old people, 130-year-old son.
  Black is not white is not red, yellow, and fox dogs and cats more than if neither animal nor beast; (guess)
  Poetry also has the Analects of Confucius on the word on the East and West have short product fuzzy Although it is Miaowen. (Mystery)
  (Author: Ji Xiaolan)
  "Liang Dingfen" United Amount
  A man named Liang Dingfen people in Hubei official, he does not do good, the results confused notorious. Locals with his name glyph Zhuancheng an amount donated to him a joint. Amount:
  Thief
  Contact is:
  Day is difficult for, taking the first step two separate
  The idea is too wrong, neck prevented in eight knife
  - Clear? Wu Jian "new smile History"
  Dismantle "public bureau" for United
  Qing Guangdong counties towns are equipped with the Public Bureau. Public Authority has a gentleman, director, responsible for managing local people to borrow money to collect debts and got into fights, neighbors mouth and other small litigation. If used properly, it is in the way people self-government. However, those gentlemen, the directors tend to deal with injustice, and even some Zhangshi rampant graft. Shunde County Public Authority, especially when dealing with things for personal purpose, so some people will "Public Authority" the word apart, Zhuancheng a couplet as:
  Awe-inspiring, a turn a little selfish
  A large-scale corpse-like, hook into the mouth to have untold
  - Clear? Wu Jian "new smile History"
   
  United is also a riddle, mystery combined with the couplet word games, he is derived from the mystery out of couplets, but is different from couplets mystery, riddle form of expression also recurs in the "mystery cover shot" form.
   
  Mystery associated basic features:
  United riddle early unwritten language, semantics is also incomplete. Only guess the answers injection to fill in empty circles Department. Union Square fluent English a complete, clear and complete meanings.
  Language riddle United leisure words, the real riddle hidden in the joint language are required to be refined look.
  Answers some mystery associated restrictions are not very strict, even more than likely the end of the bottom button sometimes not very close together. Guess the mystery word when the injection fill fans together, the couplet text must Wencongzishun to meet the basic requirements couplet.
  Mystery of the difference between United and the United mystery:
  No mystery mystery associated projects, the answer is broad, it is not endless, according to the word riddle tips, there are still areas to be found.
  Mystery riddle hidden in the United Man United among the more than one joint and multi-faceted.
  Puzzle League final answers appeared to be in the joint paper, to become an integral part of the joint text. And can be more than one joint end.
  It can be said: After the United mystery is the mystery of the first joint, after joint mystery is the first mystery together.
  The United mystery, "Lin Po" from "Po wood" "wood water" combination; "feather" from the "Breeze" were combined. "Hong", "more", "to" the words as idle word. Similar to the second line.
  Po Hong blowing water wood wood and more OO O to;
  Los Mountain Shanhua OO O every month, to the United States.
  Pu Pu wooden timber of water birds to Hong blowing over;
  Mountain Flower Mountain Chula Los month to have friends come to the United States.
  The Union: "Wind" by "x (" wrong "sign under the pretext of the word)", "several" merger; "Eve" by "many" clutch come; "towards" by the "yang" sense come.
  Second line: "Water" integrated approaches "Hai wiring", "pear", "clutch" and guess method from "flow to two stop" Injection; "well" near "dollars", "half-night" to "months."
  Missed the spring several times the number of O O O Sui Yang a long-cherished wish;
  Flow to two stop fall night and a half O O O distance send Passions.
  Several times the number of missed spring sun all morning then long-cherished wish;
  Stream distance of two Lantern stopped youthful half Send Passions.
  Such as "mystery circles" in the upper and lower joint of the number, location are asymmetrical, called "hybrid right"; otherwise known as "being."
  OO OO Jupiter Mars on Earth people;
  Confrontation Cold OO OO in Hong OO hidden.
  Jupiter and Mars together with rest and the earth;
  Xiangshan Temple Hanshan Temple standoff hidden clouds.
   
  Three-day tour program was particularly fond of O Ge O;
  10 who will go the same day to avoid O O sail plan.
  Three-day tour program was particularly fond of dragon Ge Chun;
  10 are designated with the days of summer will go to heart fan.
  This joint derived song "Singing Cowboy put two small" and cartoon "smart one off."
  "Two small" or "show"; "recently" from the "Ming", "Xiao" broken sense.
  "One off" or "body"; "clown" by "see", "shame" broken sense.
  Sing ye OO OO dawn by the revelation to understand;
  OO OO A decent look at a question difficult to modesty.
  Sing two little understood by the revelation ye before dawn;
  A decent look at a closed question clown difficult modesty.
  Digital format
  Is the use of digital clever couplet form.
  Liu Kung good parent is right.
  Wang examination of: Three dynasties.
  Liu Gong father on the Road: Four Poems Ode elegance.
  Wang boast of their sentence: Zhennai match made in heaven.
  1:00 2:00 3:00 ice wine
  Lilac 100 1000 10 000
  Note: the United Su Hsiao-out.
  The second line Su right.
  Nail re-opened on March 7 years plus
  Seventy years of age more than a double celebration in the Spring and Autumn
  If something happens and palm Qingtian fingers
  Luhe _insert_ed to seven in all directions
  Caused thousands of brick-megawatt Cross Temple Hundred Days
  One boat had two oars away three Stone Bridge
  Amount of grain volume foot nine inch snake is zero
  Number seven ducks floating river more than a triple double
  Note: the United: Nine Inch foot removed, left a very (one inch).
  Second line: seven minus three pairs (six), left one.
  Kim cold fire temples planned to construct water
  Accent in what officers
  Note: the joint, "Five."
  The second line of the "five-party."
  Class speech Liu Yao Neiguasanyao Waiguasanyao
  Accompanied four feet long rod eight feet four feet away from the body
  One-third of water bamboo add in half of the moon
  Five steps ten steps from the House floor, Tai Wang hundred steps
  500 Ocean shore across the river sub-wave heart Buddhas
  On a beautiful pair of two lovely heaven
  Note: the Alliance: "1000" is "500" twice.
  Second line: "two" is "a" twice.
  Boy a few rafters: 12345678 90
  President stresses life: ABC D E had Keng-hsin Rengui
  Han Dynasty Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the ancient past and present this diverse Board
  One end of the second net whose son four roles, numerous piles on Yaotai
  - Cheng Daoheng Huangmei Kong Hubei years _set_s the stage ridge.
  Head up to 4 4 4 Cong, I have guests, Mok _select_ed negative articles Chinese State
  Book six six-line six arts Germany, Cheng zai bang disabilities, to families and Xiaodi force field
  - Lin Fuzhou, Fujian, Mingyuan Building.
  Dry gossip, gossip Kun, 88 Hexagrams, Gua Gua heaven and earth has been _set_
  Luan nine sound, sound Fung 9, 99 80 voice too sounded better halves
  A book, Du Mei, three fives, 400 persons, five Futang, dignified future generations have placed the sword
  6 chase cars, seven cut plum, 8 clothing, Jiulian lights, 10 Temple, Spring and Autumn Temple Temple remained standing monument
  A boat and two businessmen, 3,456 sailors hoist the 78 wind Peng, under Jiujiang, as well as miles.
  Transportation miles, paniculata, "8765" round number, though in 2043 the old Road, walk only on the 2nd, is worth a pound a year.
  1 Big Joe, Little Joe II, four-inch waist lotus feet, five divergent colorful box six boxes, eight nine points Shí Xìn Johnson.
  10 September, eighth round, six of seven Scholars also, just before dawn four drum sounds three, two one cent Joe Joe 3.
  Choose Two River, which consists of eight array, six seven escapement, Wuzhang original light 49, as one only three willing to pay.
  Ping West Sichuan, will be a southern barbarian, East and North refused, abandoned the civil money in Jun Zhang Yao, the water side can use Fire Attack.
  Analysis of audio format (homonym format):
  Use of language homonyms, synonyms of the relationship, so a word related to the contents of two things or both, a real-expression of the author trying to say.
  Ni Fei Wo still thin
  Shorter days and poor long-
  Note: "sundial" sound ghost. The Union means: the soil fertile, but the seedlings are still thin. The second line means: the sun in the sky less time (the so-called sundial short, these are natural phenomena that occur after the summer solstice), the time difference between day and night longer. If homophonic reading this together, it becomes:
  Thin fat monk Nepal
  Yasha Long Short Ghost
  Cheng Minzheng called a child prodigy, Prime Minister Li Hsien-law want to move, pointing to the gallery fruit,
  Out on the say: for the Netherlands (HO) derived from lotus root (even),
  Process on the Road: There are apricot (fortunately) do not have to plum (the media).
  Li Xian overjoyed, is the daughter with the.
  Chicken fight hunger Daodaotongtong
  Mice summer cool Liangkekejing
  Note: children playing chicken, mouse shade, all new life. The United overlapping six groups homophone (Please read in Mandarin), has been quite ingenious.
  The Union: "chicken hunger" are homonyms, "Pirates of the rice" are homonyms, "child tube" are homonyms.
  The Union: "Summer Mouse" Never mind, "cool beam" are homonyms, "off cough" are homonyms.
  Move chairs with the concept of lean months Tong
  And so the offensive book light Teng Kok
  Note: the Alliance: "Move chair leaning" are homonyms, "Tung with" homonyms.
  Second line: "When light board" are homonyms, "you all" are homonyms.
  Chia drunk to non-holiday fall
  Liu Ling drank without leaving zero
  Note: snowster Ming and Zhang Ling, drinking all day, all drunk, then this joint. Drink out clean, people are really a down are down also. Chia Tao, Liu Ling, all for the good drinker. Good to do this in conjunction hotel signs.
  Interesting story attached: Liu Ling Jin a good drink. Some people told him that decay faster brewing tools to illustrate the harmful alcohol. Liu Ling replied: "Did not you see the meat on the wine preserved long?"
  Jiaoshan hole mountain living pepper
  Yang first crossing the Yangtze River
  Note: 【Ming Yang Jisheng title Zhenjiang Jiaoshan United】
  "Yang Yang" are homonyms, "Jiao Jiao" are homonyms. Yang Yang Jisheng that, "Pepper Mountains" series font.
  Saosaoluanchai call tert-beam
  Aunt shift break barrel hoop called the Regardless
  Notes: snowster and friends couplets. Sweep wood, cooper, farm chores, making the joint language, but also embedded homophone (Please read in Mandarin), unique taste.
  The Union: "Sao sweep" are homonyms, "Uncle beam" are homonyms.
  Second line: "Aunt shift" are homonyms, "Regardless of hoops" are homonyms.
  No mountain too good not like Wushan Wushan Mountain may seem good
  He leaves to water, such as lotus leaves, such as water round clear how
  Han Han Lin Pro book quote book
  Lotus Monk surface area
  Note: the Alliance (snowster out): "load and" homophone, "the still" are homonyms.
  The second line (Li Tiao on): "Pro Forest" are homonyms, "Han Chinese" are homonyms.
  * This joint is inverted palindrome Shunlian
  Single table scan wax plum snow
  Remote look askance mountain stream river dance
  Note: the Union: Do, Re, Me, Fa, So, La, Ti.
  Second line: 1-7 Digital dialect pronunciation.
  Hard to let me breeze Montreal
  When the moon shine on people again
  Note: the Alliance: "Purity" An Yu Qing rule.
  Second line: "Moon" miss the Ming Dynasty.
  Aunty on the fields pick Wo
  Beauty front is embroidered hold Conference
  Note: the Alliance for the Good Mountain by the branch, the second line for the Shen Ishida by right. "Wo on" homonym "Monk," "Embroidery CD" pronunciation "scholar."
  Pirates of the persons who come to Mozambique to Road
  No admittance except on Jinxian people into
  Eaves Italian silk spider cavity
  Pretrial earthworm heart full of mud
  Note: the Alliance: "Silk" Harmony "private."
  Second line: "mud" Harmony "in doubt", dialect pronunciation.
  Po Ye peach grape leaves, woody herb
  Osmanthus Plum Rose, maid Akika
  Note: The first word with the fifth word is a homonym, the second word with the sixth word homonym. In addition, the Po tree herb, peach is a woody plant; plum blossoms open in the spring, Osmanthus fragrans opened in the fall.
  This is Ming Xie Jin essays couplets, reveal not homophonic cleverly hewn marks, you are mine.
  Mom riding, horse slow mother scolded Ma
  Niuniu H cattle, beef cattle screw screwed Niuniu
  Scholar Zhang Shi Cai arrogant. One day, in the case of a pick mud ridge field farmer, refused to give way, the two are not too. Farmer laughed: "I have a joint, Jun if right, would like the fields to give way." Scholar mouthful promised. Farmer said: a load of heavy mud encountered Zi (Apartments once met Zi Zhong Ni). Zhang tried to think, speechless, only the fields give way. Three years later, see Jun Zhang burst river water in the evening laughing and river dating back to before the tumble continued approached Union: two dike Master smile back.
  Chestnut Hill adopted child bearing with me, hack Li flutter basket
  Noe Sell Link to worry down, empty cage dumping Link
  Note: This joint is wonderful, is not only off the end of words have meaning, but also as sound.
  Boy playing curcas, jatropha down, the boys music
  Monk stand on the river, the river collapsed, the monk ran
  Note: This is the ancient right, in some dialects in the "off", "music" are homonyms, "Collapse," "Ben" are homonyms.
  This right:
  Boy playing curcas, jatropha down, the boys music
  Girl eating Yatou, Yatou salty, too girl
  Magu to eat mushrooms, mushroom moss, Ma Gu Xian
  Boy playing curcas, jatropha down, the boys music
  Wind flapping in the wind Bee Bee interest Feng Fei
  Li Shen Li playing carp carp carp floating sink to the bottom
  Eagle trees on slope Shadow Hawk is not inclined according to
  Cat V Cat corner the wind did not touch the hair Activity
  Note: the / second line: "cat hair," almost sound "Shadow Hawk" near sound.
  Land and water line Chau Chau Chau stop Zhouzhou not work
  Tianxin Tower dove dove flying off Court House did not fly
  City eyes travel assistant minister who planted persimmon
  Lotus river where monks hand pull plug
  Miyunbuyu Tongzhou boat water barrier
  Jimo have huge field of wild autumn are all that is Jimmy
  Seedling planted valley girl valley girl lost feet
  Burning paper paper ash flutters head command command
  Chicken chicken station along the upper pressure Kei Kei Kei turned flapping chicken
  Donkey Department of pear Xialvaili Luolidalv
  Nun nun Gujiu wine should sell the U.S. cheap
  Monk monk upstairs what a short story on the ladder
  Parrot Island Chau Island boat water flow does not flow push the boat
  Luoyang Bridge Bridge wind buckwheat buckwheat Fixed Fixed Bridge
  Qi Zi knock last night to find
  Eras in the mirror, see Yen Hui
  Notes: Zi, the disciples of Confucius, but also interpreted as "pieces of the large ones."
  Yen Hui, the disciple of Confucius, but also that "the true face Yan Rong."
  Section when there is not unearthed
  And Lingyun Department is still open-minded
  Notes: Descriptive words, by writing blog bamboo.
  Republic of Taxes (years);
  The world is too poor (flat).
  Confucius'Birth in a boat at the end
  Light from Hanzhong Wu Qi
  Note: the Alliance: Boat "Week."
  Second line: Dance "Wu."
  There humbly bow bamboo leaf
  Proud and plum flowers without his back
  Sprinkled huidui into pock
  Wind lotus leaf like turtles
  Note: the United: into harmony (Chen).
  Second line: as harmonic (to).
  Front of a bunch of someone's garden Chuang
  Wall a few lines of text which Han
  Assertion on Long skies, no rain tonight
  Cold Dew Wind will become cold to night cream
  Note: the second line: "into the cream," harmony "pairs."
  Monk carries water to the two bladder is full of sweat poured
  Nun hands by _insert_ing lineup sowing songs
  Note: "by _insert_ing" Harmony "Azechi", "deployment" harmony "of political activity."
  "Full of" harmony "graduates", "sweat pouring" Harmony "Hanlin."
  Two ships sail faster than speed parallel scull
  Octave unison difficult than the flute and flute clear
  Note: the Alliance: "lu-speed" Harmony "Lu Su", "sail fast" harmonic "Fan Kuai."
  Second line: "Di Qing" Harmony "Di Qing", "xiao and" harmony "Xiao He."
  Ming Zhu layers of the tower lighting angle (GE) light
  Bai Li planted multiple intersecting section of the pool long root (g)
  Note: the Union: Zhuge Liang Ming word.
  Second line: Li Bai word Venus.
  Blue Mountains in the mining raise orchids, as Lanyi Ren stopped;
  On the wall interior enforcement hair, women were forced into Jasper.
  Frost frost, cold feet widow sad;
  Solar Eclipse day, the number of patients at home who described strange reason.
  Hanoi Lotus, where the monk to _insert_;
  Temple persimmon, scholars taken off their own taste.
  Eyeball nostril on child Zhu anti-Confucius
  After Mr. Hu Housheng Mr. eyebrow growth less than
  Mosaic cell:
  Certain specific words embedded in a certain position among the couplet, in order to obtain the unique form and content do not have fun. As the mosaic of different locations, can be divided into several types. Such as: crane top box, Yan Han grid, grid kite shoulder, knee and lattice cranes, kuidou grid so.
  Crane Top Georgia:
  Requirements will provide the words were the first words embedded in the upper and lower joint positions
  Eventually have to build a new national military strategy
  Fei have to read good books
  (Source: Guo "Taofen Library")
  Female flowers scattered snow day, transcend the bitter sea
  Finland sprinkle dew water, general economic beings.
  (Source: Chen Shu Yuan Xuefen donated books)
  Yan Han format:
  Requirements will provide the words were embedded in the upper and lower joint second place on the word
  Frustration over the length of day Qingchou
  Spring is also like Busy Bees
  Embedded in the "Evergreen"
  Kite Shoulder format:
  Requirements will provide the words were embedded in the upper and lower joint third place on the word
  Chu own night wind pushed waves
  No pain, Xiang smoke stained Spring
  Embedded "late spring"
   
  Requirements will provide the words were embedded in the upper and lower joint fourth place on the word
  The few and far between here
  The person who exposed Pearl Magazine
  Cai Chinese-style gifts
  Crane knee grid:
  Requirements will provide the words are words embedded in the upper and lower joint fifth position
   
  Kuidou format:
  Requirements will provide the words were embedded in the joint first and second line at the end of word character
  Hope the reunion, thought pro-shed tears often across
  Look unified, multi-Huai Nam Yin homeland return
  Embedded "hope Gui"
  Jin broken cells:
  Informal position, as long as the provisions embedded in the up and down together words on the line
  Written by the famous mathematician Hua associates:
  3 Zhao Wei Qiang Han
  IX Pythagorean string
  The "Big Three" as the Warring States Period, Han, Zhao, Wei three powers, but also metaphorical scientist Qian Sanqiang name, and "IX" for the first time documented the famous Pythagorean theorem, but for the names of nine chapters atmospheric physicist Zhao .
  Qing Shao imitation (Jiaqing Jun birthday congratulatory couplet)
  Yong Shun Tai Kangning eternal natural dry Noriyoshi
  Zhiping Shi Xi Qing years is the Long-en
  Yoshitomo-hand Shen
  U.S. Deer Spring
  Shenyang "Deer Spring" restaurant
  Rendansiju
  Yi Yu Mei products
  50th birthday in 1944, Zhengyi Mei, Nan Yan Blowing 10,000 books together a pair of HE, Zheng Yimei the name Ju, Ju, Ju interchangeable.
  Names associated embedded
  Miyunbuyu dry rivers, though hardly luxurious Yutian
  Huairou Wealth are Zunhua, Shunyi is known Liangxiang
  Miyun, Mikawa, Tamada, rich, Huairou, Zunhua, Shunyi, Liangxiang are Beijing and Hebei area names
  Temple of Heaven Temple of Earth Sun Moon altar, jars of soil
  Former Hai Houhai Zhongnanhai, Sea homologous
  Temple of Heaven in Beijing, to the altar, on the altar, on the altar, where the emperor worship; now is Park.
  Even brake before the sea, Shichahai, even after the brake Sea, the North Sea and Zhongnanhai, China Unicom is another lake.
  Two miles Spring Chang
  Millennium Xiao Yueyong be a bridge
  Yongding is a bridge across the Yongding River, the Marco Polo Bridge, the famous "Lugou Aria"
  After the cells break
  After the so-called break joint is composed of couplets with twisters. EFS is an idiom more familiar with people, humor and image statements, faded when, after the use of text, the text said before justice can also be tied around the text.
  Flowering sesame, BBK;
  Excavated from sugar cane, sweet steadily.
  Monk punt - poles hit middle of the river Lohan
  Beautiful woman Kap Shui - Kwun Yam bottom rope pull
  Drunk donkey - Britain first Bonaosuanjiu account
  Shaogong stroke oar - boat money Dagongzuoyi Discussion
  Yang straw bundle - the parent spores
  Bamboo baskets to mention - the mother pregnant with child
  Wooden horse - hoof Ta
  Chicken pecking bronze basin - mouth beat a gong
  Bi Sha Zhang girlfriend sitting inside - Yan Long peony
  Clear water wash pool Monk - flooding calabash
  Junzaizhijiao Danru - Water
  Deliberate - Wine
  Not necessarily of every fierce - Kyrgyzstan
  Ever returned from the dead - Health
  Lin Health wipe aprons - gentle sweeping
  Butcher Wear a child - murderous sky
  Painting Xirong robber - a thief ugly shape
  Yama Notices - Guihualianpian
  Villagers live through frost bridge - all the way Leaf Plum
  Oxen and horses snow line - two lines of clam Tuan Yu
  Needle top box
  The so-called needle top, is to a clause of the sentence before the word foot, as a clause of the sentence after the first word, so that adjacent end to end the two clauses, also known as "Pearl of the Union", "United Kam on."
  Snowster The mountains do with the wish to rural branches, see Takeo vehicles water.
  I wish the pair said: water tanker truck water, lorry, car without water only.
  Tang of the sentence Road: fan fan, air out the fan, fan wind.
  I wish Don the right is really tricky, widely read 1:00.
  Trinidad government for the numerous mountain heavy water in Chongqing
  Into one great big country could maintain much state
  Potbellied, let the world tolerate this things
  Openings will laugh, laugh funny world of people
  Liu Jin Shui river of gold, gold willow to wear goldfish mouth
  Jade flower railings outside the Hosta, Hosta Vase jade head
  --- Huzi Qi Xie Ocean
  Gave their old laugh laugh laugh today everything
  Tatu can have Rongrong days with what the content should not be
  Zhang Gong Zhang Gong, Zhang archers archery bow, arrows arrows are in the
  Muzi Li Li Mu, Lee Carpenter Lee wood bow, bow bow hard to open
  Baochu tower, tower top, tip, such as pens, pen all corners
  Kintai Bridge, Kim's house, round, round like a mirror, mirror nations Kyushu
  大鱼吃小鱼, fish prawns, shrimps eat mud and water to make mud dry
  Court scraping state capital, state capital of scraping into counties, scraping the people, poor people risk
  大鱼吃小鱼, fish prawns, shrimp and drinking water, get to the bottom
  Return stream water, river water return Jiang, Jiang return the sea, a brighter future
  Huanghuagang, Kong flowers yellow, yellow according to Black Sheep Affair, stained yellow Liu-fang Court.
  Green water river, the river green, green mapping Baita, green water tower on the True Indian content.
  Couplet of the use of the word skills
  Couplet has many unique skills with the words, following are some common techniques.
  (A) of the compound word
  The so-called complex character is one word repeated several times in the couplet. Such as:
  Wind, rain, reading voice, ears;
  Family, state, and the world are all concerned about.
  (B) of the hidden word
  The so-called hidden character is consciously omitted certain words, so subtle and clever means to express something. Such as:
  2345;
  6789.
  Scroll reads: North-South
  The moral of this joint: lack of a (clothing), less 10 (food), nothing.
  (C) Words Embedded
  The so-called Words Embedded, is to the person's name, property name or other names, such as couplets embedded in the deliberate intention to make couplets. As written by the famous mathematician Hua joint:
  3 Zhao Wei Qiang Han
  IX Pythagorean string
  The "Big Three" as the Warring States Period, Han, Zhao, Wei three powers, but also metaphorical scientist Qian Sanqiang name, and "IX" for the first time documented the famous Pythagorean theorem, but for the names of nine chapters atmospheric physicist Zhao .
  Another example is the book donated Chen Shu Yuan Xuefen of Embedded Couplets:
  Female flowers scattered snow day, transcend the bitter sea
  Finland sprinkle dew water, general economic beings.
  (D) reduplication
  The so-called reduplication, is to joint use of certain words stacked to form the artistic effect of repeated overlapping. Such as:
  Shui Shan mountains, everywhere obviously Xiu;
  Qingqing Yuyu, always a good odd-odd.
  Yingyingyanyan Tracy red everywhere the rule of living in harmony with the rule;
  Stormy evening in mid-evening Zhao Zhao plants and flowers.
  (E) Separation of Chinese
  The so-called Separation of Chinese, is to fit together in a word is split into several independent characters. Such as:
  NI Jia Miao people children girls
  Zhuge one large speaker.
  You can wear out faster Lei three stone bridges;
  Two separate way to Mt.
  (F) co-word
  The so-called co-word, is to joint in a few words into one word, literally, the dual form, and content with certain meanings. Such as:
  Withered old trees, this wood into firewood;
  Good woman, girl even better.
  (7) injections
  The so-called needle top, is to a clause of the sentence before the word foot, as a clause of the sentence after the first word, so that the two clauses adjacent end to end. Such as:
  Potbellied, Yung Yung world things;
  Openings will laugh, laugh funny world of people.
  (8) Digital
  The so-called digital, is to use digital clever couplet form. Such as:
  A boat and two businessmen, 3,456 sailors hoist the 78 wind Peng, under Jiujiang, as well as miles.
  Miles transportation, paniculata, 876 on the 5th round, although the old road to go in 2043, only two days, is worth a pound a year.
  (9) After the break United
  After the so-called break joint is composed of couplets with twisters. Such as:
  Flowering sesame, BBK;
  Excavated from sugar cane, sweet steadily.
  (10) with the next
  The so-called same side, is to mix with the radical words into couplets. Such as:
  Zhanjiang Port kiyonami rolling
  Turbid waves surging in Bohai Bay
  (11) mixed with different
  The so-called mixed differences, is to sound or sounds for the same word used in the same joint in order to achieve some kind of meaning. Such as:
  Republic of Taxes (years);
  The world is too poor (flat).
  (12) to be sound
  The so-called onomatopoeia, that is, by simulating the sound to get some kind of artistic effect. Such as:
  Celebrate, "When Qing", "When the Qing", "Don Don Ching";
  Nationwide amazed, wonderstruck, "feeling crazy", "Crazy Love," "True Love crazy."
  

评论 (4)

hepingdao 写到 (2007-11-22 20:56:23):

  一、比喻法
  "墙上芦苇,头重脚轻根子浅;山间竹笋,嘴尖皮厚腹中空”。这是一副对仗工整、形象鲜明的好联。它用来比喻一些没有真才实学、夸夸其谈的人,生动而贴切。这样的比喻手法,就是用一个为人们所熟悉的事物或现象,从而显示这种事物的性质,启发人们去思考。或者是把一些较为抽象的名词概念,变成为具体的形象去感染人。
  二、人格化
  不但诗歌、漫画有这种表现手法,对联也有。且举其中的一例:“烛向灯云:靠汝遮光作门面;锣对鼓曰:亏侬空腹受拳头。”这是在封建制度下,某地元宵节的一副民间的庆灯对联。烛、灯、锣、鼓,都是常见物,但经此摆布,似是人们的一席对话。烛燃着发光,毕竟是在灯里面,但只有依傍灯笼作门面,才吸引人“欣赏”;而鼓则诉说因腹空遭受拳头之苦。彼此处境不同,感受各异。而着一席对话的内容,恰好体现出当时社会上人与人之间的关系。
  把某些自然现象,或者是没有生命力的东西,表现为有生命的人的言语或动作,从而使之形象化,去感染人,这就是“人格化”的特征。当然,一定手法的表现,要根据一定显示生活的需要,根据一定主题与构思的需要,不宜随便乱用,以免弄巧成拙。
  三、问答法
  由于对联有着排偶特点,上下两联之间互为相关,采取一唱一和的“问答法”,较为方便。运用这一手法,要求联词结构严密,呼应自然,从一呼一应中阐明主题思想。它的作用主要是:一方面把抽象的东西通过具体形象去表达出来;另一方面用“答”对“问”,就更便于引起人们的注意和思索,从而达到深刻显示事物本质的目的。
  从前,有人通过戏台演戏中的情景,用联语把旧社会的生涯作一番对照,通俗感人,那戏台楹联是:“穷的富的,贵人贱的,睁睁眼看他怎的;歌斯舞斯,哭斯笑斯,点点头原来如斯。”又在解放前,有人替一家财神庙撰联云:“只有几文钱,你也求,他也求,给谁是好?不作半点事,朝来拜,夜来拜,使我为难。”通过这样一问一答,一针见血地揭露了那些财迷心窍者的丑恶面目。
  这种“问答法”,不但反映在阶级矛盾上面,而且还反映在描写自然景物上面。杭州飞来峰有一副对联:“泉自几时冷起?峰从何处飞来?”江西省石钏山坡仙楼有一副对联:“岭上梅子熟未?座中木樨香乎?”这两联同上述两联不同的,就是上下两句都是问,答案是通过游人的感受中找寻,更为有味。
  四、衬托法
  对联写作的衬托法,通常有两种。一是侧面衬托;一是反面衬托。所谓侧面衬托,对主题不作正面描写,而是通过旁边的有关事物显示出来,使主题思想含蓄,引人寻味。民族英雄郑成功祠有一副对联:“东海望澎台,风景不殊,举目有河山之异;南天留祠宇,雄图虽渺,称名则妇孺皆知。”作者并不正面叙述郑成功当年如何反抗侵略,如何收复台湾的事迹,只是用“澎台风景”作示意,接着以“不殊”和“之异”作对立面,衬托上句。这样,人们很自然地联想到这位民族英雄当年的光辉伟绩来。
  五、对比法
  事物的好与坏,是事物矛盾的两个对立面,这是客观存在的。但要使人们取得正确的认识,或加深人们的认识,就要突出事物之间的矛盾所在。这样,就最好是运用“对比法”。俗话,“不怕不识货,就怕货比货”,即此道理,。运用“对比法”来写对联,亦算常见。例如郭老少年时戏对“昨日偷桃,钻狗洞不知是谁;他年攀桂,登月宫必定有我。”不同的时代,将有不同的作为。这个“对比法”,形象鲜明,词意概括。
  六、集句法
  集句,是对联写作的手法之一。古今以来,集句成联的范围很广,如集诗句、词句、贴句、俗语、成语、格言等等。在古代对联中,集句联占着很大的分量,这里,只略举数例。
  好雨好山兼好客;宜烟宜雨复宜晴。
  这是用于广东惠州西湖晴雨亭的对联,都是集自唐句。既切合亭名,又适宜于描绘亭榭风光。
  有些集句联,不是完全集自原句,而是带有借意性质的。有人撰江西省九江瑟瑟亭联:“灯影幢幢,凄绝暗风吹夜雨;获花瑟瑟,魂销明月绕船时。”上联是采自唐代元稹诗句中词意,概括诗人听到白居易被贬谪时的心情;下联是采自白居易《瑟瑟行》诗句中的词癔,描述白居易送客浔阳江头听得瑟瑟声那时的景象。而九江的瑟瑟亭正是后人为追记此古迹而建,自然显得贴切。
  郭老曾摘取毛泽东同志词句成联:“江山如此多娇;风景这边独好。”上联为《沁园春?雪》词句,下联为《清平乐?会昌》词句。不但对仗工整,意境亦清新。读后,爱国主义热情油然而生,使人充满了信心和力量。
  象这样的“集句法”,它的特点是:用现成的句语,按照对联的形式格调凑在一起,构成一种新的意境,有时十分浑成,比自己创作的还好。
  
  (中国语文教学资源网)
hepingdao 写到 (2007-11-22 20:58:23):

  一要注意针对性。联语要切合季节、切合人物身份、地位、情操、业绩,甚至此时此地的思想感情,要切合事物与场合。如写喜联、寿联、挽联时,对所写对象的情况及与自己的关系必须写对,否则就会出笑话。再拿一些可“通用”的联语来讲,其通用范围也是限的,如“皓月描来双燕影,寒霜映出并头梅”这副婚联,就婚姻本身来讲,它可以“通用”于不同人的婚姻,但就时间 意义来说,它只能用于冬日结婚,如用于春夏秋就不行。正是从对联的针对性这点来讲,可通用的对联,大多缺乏针对性,所以往往欠缺生动、准确、鲜明,最好的办法不是照抄照搬,而是通过学习借鉴,自己动手,写出针对性强的好的对联来。
  二要反映时代精神。对联是反映社会生活的,是表达人的思想感情的,因此时代变了,对联的内容也应起相应的变化。如果现在有人送一副婚联还是“绣阁灯明,鸳鸯并立齐欢笑;妆台镜照,鸾凤和鸣共谈心”,再配一条“天定良缘”的横批,则是不合时宜的。传统春、婚、挽、寿联,让读者对联语的发展有所了解,并可借鉴其表现手法,好创作出新的对联来。如将旧时“生意兴隆 通四海,财源茂盛达三江”的对联,改作“生意兴隆富民富国做生意,财源茂盛献计献策找财源”,横批也把“生财有道”换作“繁荣经济”,那就增添了新的时代气息。再如湖南邱阳一个体饮食店开张时,店主从旧楹书上抄得一联:
  劳心苦,劳力苦,苦中寻乐拿壶酒来
  为名忙,为利忙,忙里偷闲饮杯茶去
  联中的“酒”和“茶”倒含饮食店特点,可联语反映的旧社会时消极颓废的情绪不适宜于今天的时代,经群众提出意见后,店主将此联改为:
  劳心苦,劳力苦,劳逸结合拿壶酒来
  为国忙,为民忙,忙中有闲饮杯茶去
  这一改,有了新的内容,行人顾客都满意了,小店的生意也是对联的广告作用而更加兴隆。
  
  (中国语文教学资源网)
hepingdao 写到 (2007-11-22 21:00:58):

  春联漫谈
  春节,在我国人民心目中是农历一年中的第一个也是最重要的传统节日。春节来临,千家万户写春联、贴春联,是上千年来流传下来的象征吉祥、表达人们向往美生活的民族风俗。这在世界上是绝无仅有的。按照当代艺术大师周汝昌先生的话说,“春联是举世罕有伦比的最伟大、最瑰奇的文艺活动。”
  早在两千多年前的战国时期,中原春节就户悬“桃梗”,又称“桃符”。清代富察敦崇《燕京岁时记?春联》记载:“春联者,即桃符也。自入腊以后,即有文人墨客,在市肆檐下书写春联,以图润笔,祭灶之后,则渐次粘挂,千门万户,焕然一新。”从传统春联“爆竹一声除旧;桃符万象更新”和宋王安石诗句“千门万户幢幢日,总把新桃换旧符”中,也看出春联与桃符的关系。
  什么是桃符呢?据《淮南子》说,这种“桃符是用一寸宽、七八寸长的桃木做的。在桃木板上写上神荼、郁垒二神的名字,悬挂在门两旁。或者还画上这两个神象——左神荼、右郁垒。古人是以桃符上书画此二神来压邪的。这也就是民间俗称的“门神”。到了公元七百多年的五代,蜀后主孟昶亲写的“新年纳余庆,嘉节号长春。”是我国最早的一副春联。自孟昶题桃符以后,文人学士便群起效仿,把题春联视为雅事,于是题春联之风便逐渐流传。
  但是,到时了宋代,“春联”还是称之为“桃符”的。联语却不限于题写在桃符上,推用在楹柱上,后人名曰“楹联”。宋代以后,宜春帖多用联语,且把粉红笺写出。有些人集诗经古语,有的集唐宋诗句。相传可考的,有王沂公皇帝阁立春联:“北陆凝阴尽,千门淑气新。”这是春联中挂人齿颊的。
  "桃符”真正称之为“春联”。那是明代的事。据明代文人陈云瞻记载,“春联之设自明太祖始。帝都金陵,除夕前勿传旨,公卿士庶家,门口须加春联一副,,帝微行出观。”朱元璋不仅亲自微服出游,观赏笑乐,他还亲笔给学士陶安等人题赠春联。帝王的提倡,使春联日盛,终于形成了至今不衰的风尚。
  
  古人养生联拾趣
    清代著名书画家郑板桥有这样一副对联:“青菜萝卜糙米饭;瓦壶天水菊花茶。”作者以自身的经历告诉我们,常吃蔬菜、粗粮,饮天水菊花茶,看似生活清苦,实为益寿延年的妙方。
    清末四川江津才子钟云舫题有一副笑佛联:“你眉头着什么焦,但能守分安贫,便将得和气一团,常向众人开口笑;我肚皮这般样大,总不愁吃忧穿,只讲个包罗万象,自然百事放宽心。”作者借笑佛之口,劝诫世人乐观豁达,反映了佛家安贫乐道、守虚致静的人生哲学。
    清代名士翟公栾有副养生联:“静亦静动亦动,五脏克消失欲火;荣也忍辱也忍,平生不履于危机。”此联表明了动静皆宜、宠辱不惊的养生之道,对费心伤神、易动肝火之人是很好的告诫。
  
  联中“绝对”拾趣
  在我国千姿百态的对联中,有一些上联,因构思奇巧,令人难以对出贴切的下联,一时成了无人能对的“绝对”。
    古时一位书生去拜望岳母,小住一日便欲归去,岳母苦留不住。这时,天上雷声骤响,下起了大雨,岳母灵机一动,要与女婿对句,对上了才可回去。
    岳母出的上联是:“下大雨,空中雳,鸡蛋豆腐留女婿。”书生仔细一想,被难住了,因为,这上联正是“夏大禹、孔仲尼、姬旦(周公)、杜甫、刘禹锡”5个前贤、文豪的谐音。据说,这一上联至今也没人对出下联。 
   民间还流传着一副以三国时人名、地名串成的“绝对”:“鸟在笼中望孔明,想张飞,无奈关羽。”这一上联以音义双关为奇巧;笼中谐音“隆中”,孔明(有光亮的缝隙)、张飞(展翅飞翔)、关羽(翅膀被锁),同时是三国时的3个人名。
    清朝同治年间,长沙有位文人作了一上联征对:“烟沿艳檐烟燕眼”。上联7字都同音,而且说了一件事的过程:门前的烟沿着艳丽的屋檐冲到了燕子窝里,熏了燕子的眼睛。下联也要求7字同音,且说明一件事的原委,确是有相当的难度。
    有一副传统绝对:“荷花荷(叶)莲蓬藕。”上联7字全为草字头,且全为名词,最难的一点是:荷花、荷叶、莲、蓬、藕分别是荷的5个部分,包括了根、茎、花、叶、果实。要找到能与之相对的事物,并能满足前面的所有条件,是极难的事情。
    1991年,中国楹联界为庆祝中国共产党建党70周年征联,上联是:“南湖延水中南海。”虽然应征者踊跃,但无一佳对获一等奖,遂成为“绝对”。此上联难点有三:其一,三个地名建党时期、抗战时期和建国时期的代表,阶段性很强;其二,水由湖入海,意义贯通,无废字、衬字,且“延”字既为地名,又作动词;三是“南”字重复使用。
  
  浅谈生肖新春联
  十二生肖,以十二种动物取代十二地支,传说是汉代东方朔创造的。农历以十二生肖纪年,也起始于东汉,可以在清代赵翼《陔余丛考》中找到依据。依照我国传统民间习俗,干支纪年用十二生肖。从子年属鼠开始,每十二年循环一次,周而复始:子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。用干支纪年,传说我国早在尧舜时代就产生并开始了。后来,我们的祖先以十二种动物配以十二地支,可能与古代的动物图腾有关。有人则认为,我国的十二生肖来源于古印度,因为印度的十二生肖与我国的基本相同,只是把“虎”换作“狮”,把“鸡”换为“金翅鸡”。佛经“大集经”记载,印度十二生肖原是十二位神将驾御游行的动物。
  十二生肖春联,把每一年的生肖动物名称、习性、特点和人们喜闻乐见的春联结合起来,使每一年的的春联都带上动物的图腾特色,更富有吉如意的意思。近年来,留心收集积累了一些时贤联友的生肖春联,同时采用“嵌字”、“谐音”、“暗喻”等撰联手法,创作了相当数量的生肖新春联,给这一古老而涉及每个人的生肖属相,注入了新思想、新内容,富有强烈的时代气息。这些春联,内容健康、词语优美、对仗工整,不仅适于选用书写,而且也可以阅读欣赏。
  
  (中国语文教学资源网)
hepingdao 写到 (2007-11-22 21:01:54):

  百剑堂主在《吟诗作对之类》一文中提到了杭州的两副对联,因为我是杭州人,他问我在杭州的无数对联之中,对哪几联印象最深。我首先想到的,是月下老人祠那一联:“愿天下有情人,都成为眷属;是前生注定事,莫错过姻缘。”这联的上联原出《续西厢》,金圣叹批《续西厢》从头骂到底,只对最后这两句赞赏备至。我想这一联人人看了都会高兴,文 辞亦佳(月下老人祠有签词九十九条,全部引自经书诗文,雅俗与此间黄大仙签词不可同日而语)。还有阮元为杭州贡院所撰的那一联:"下笔千言,正槐子黄时,桂花香里;出门一 笑,看西湖月满,东浙潮来。”这联我是在小时候记得的,以后每次学校大考或升学考试,紧张一番而缴卷出场时,心头轻松之余总会想到它。
  百剑堂主所提到岳坟前“青山有幸埋忠骨;白铁无辜铸佞臣”那一联,出自一个姓徐的女子手笔(陆放翁有“青山是处可埋骨;白发向人羞折腰”联,亦颇见风骨)。抗战时我在重庆念书,那时国民党政府时时有向日本求和之想,有些御用教授们就经常宣传“岳飞不懂政治、秦桧能顾大局”的思想。有一次陶希圣(他奉敌伪之命来重庆活动)到学校里演讲, 语气间又宣传这套理论,我们一些同学们听得很气愤,在他第二次演讲之前:先在黑板上写了“青山白铁”这副对联,他见了心里有数。就不再提这个话题了。
  旧时家中有一小轩,是祖父与客人奕棋处,轩里挂了一副对联:“人心无算处;国手有输时。”当时不懂当中妙处,现在想来,这里面实在颇有哲理。
  百剑堂主曾撰一联:“偏多热血偏多骨;不悔情真不侮痴。”我见了很喜欢,他用宣纸 给我写好,请荷里活道某店裱起,挂在斗室之中,不觉雅气骤增。
  我写《书剑恩仇录》、《碧血剑》,回目全不考究,信手挥写,不去调叶平厌,所以称不上对联,只是一个题目而已。梁羽生兄甚称赏我“盈盈红烛三生约,霍霍青霜万里行”两句(上句写徐天宏与周绮婚事,下旬写李沅芷仗剑追赶余鱼同),但比之百剑堂主的每回皆工,那是颇为不及了。
  前几天《大公园》中登载文怀沙先生一篇《韩愈与贾岛》的文章,认为“鸟宿池边树, 僧敲月下门”两句中,“敲”字确比“推”字好,因为这有“鸟鸣山更幽”的意境。“鸟鸣山更幽”本来是宋王籍的诗。《梦溪笔谈》中说:古人诗有“风定花犹落”一句,素来认为 无人能对,王安石用“鸟鸣山更幽”来对。王籍原联是“蝉噪林愈静,鸟鸣山更幽”,两句意思一样,王安石这一联集对却是上句静中有动,下句动中有静,比原句更工。旧诗律诗中必有对偶,所以好对不胜枚举。古人因对成妙对而发达做官的事,笔记小说中也记载得很多。如宋时宰相词人晏元献有"无可奈何花落去”一句,数年不能得到好对,一天晚上与一个小官王琪一起散步,谈起这事,王应声道:“似曾相识燕归来。”晏大为赏识,从此王琪做官就一帆风顺了。
  我从前在江南故乡时很爱听说书,在听说《三笑》时就曾听到许多妙对。唱弹词的人说文徵明在追求爱人时,那位小姐出对道:“因荷(何)而得藕(偶)?”文徵明对道:“有杏(幸)不须梅(媒)!”于是好事得谐。又据说金圣叹被杀头时他儿子吟道:“莲(连)子心中苦。”金老先生对曰:“梨(离)儿腹内酸!”两对一喜一悲,虽都未必真有其事, 但对偶双关,确不容易。
  对对子既要工,又要快,不比其他文章可以慢慢琢磨。有一本笔记中记载一个故事:陆文量在浙江做官,有一天与管教育事务的陈震一起饮酒,见陈是个光头佬,就出对嘲他: "陈教授数茎头发,无计(髻)可施。”陈震立即对道:“陆大人满脸髭髯,何须如此。”以成语对成语,很有本事,陆大为叹赏,笑道:“两猿截木山中,这猴子也会对锯 (句)。”陈震笑道:“我也要不客气了,幸勿见怪。”于是对道:“匹马陷身泥内,此畜生怎得出蹄(题)?”两人抚掌大笑竟日。
  据说从前有个人名叫李廷彦,曾献百韵诗给一位大官,中间有一对云:“舍弟江南殁,家兄塞北亡。”那位大官看了很同情他,道:“想不到你家里竟接连遭到不幸。”李廷彦忙 道:“实无此事,那是为了对仗工整才这样写的。”作对至此,可说形式主义到了极点。