（為了除草而）犁地耕、耙（土地）以便消滅或減少雜草 To plow and till(land), especially to eradicate or reduce weeds.
實行“耕者有其田”的土地革命，正是孫中山先生曾經提出過的政策； The Agrarian Revolution put into effect the principle of "land to the tiller", which is precisely what Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed.
培養莊稼的土壤耕作。 the cultivation of soil for raising crops.
自耕農的自耕農的、與之有關的或自耕農階層的 Of, relating to, or ranking as a yeoman.
你沒有耕種就不能有收穫。 You cannot reap where you have not sown.
使休耕犁地後而不撒種 To plow(land) without seeding it afterward.
磨坊主、收割者、耕耘者、製犁匠、車把式和造車工匠，乃至水手和造船工匠，衹要被雇用，就會從最終産品即面包那裏獲得報酬，因為他們對於製作面包用的小麥付出過勞動或者提供過作業工具。 The miller, the reaper, the ploughman, the plough-maker, the Waggoner and waggon-maker, even the sailor and ship-builder when employed, derive their remuneration from the ultimate product-the bread made from the corn on which they have severally operated, or supplied the instruments for operating.
為了許多目的，所有這些人，包括磨坊主和面包師傅在內，應歸類於耕作者和收割者之列。 For many purposes all these persons, the miller and baker inclusive, must be placed in the same class with ploughmen and reapers.
合理和節約利用土地尤其是耕地資源，加強城市環境基礎設施建設，規劃産業結構和佈局，避免走先污染後治理的老路。 Land, the arable land in particular should be used reasonably and economically.
五年內，全國造林面積２７８７萬公頃，封山育林３１５３萬公頃，退耕還林３８２萬公頃； During these five years, an additional 27.87 million hectares of land was covered with trees; 31.53 million hectares of hills were cordoned off for afforestation, and 3.82 million hectares of formerly cultivated land were returned to forests.
經對2000年已完成退耕還林任務的17個省(區、市)及新疆生産建設兵團進行核查，退耕地還林和宜林荒山荒地造林核實面積的合格率分別為92.3％和83.2％。 The review and check on the 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Military Corp that have completed the land conversion task in 2000 indicate that the approved rate of the areas of land conversion and afforestation in the waste mountains and land suitable for afforestation is 92.3% and 83.2% respectively.
1999～2001年纍计完成退耕還林任務216.36萬公頃。其中退耕地還林116.24萬公頃、宜林荒山荒地造林100.12萬公頃。 From 1999~2001, the total land conversion area is 2.1636 million hectares, among which the land conversion for afforestation is 1.1624 million hectares and the afforestation in the waste mountain and lands suitable afforestation is 1.0012 million hectares.
2001年完成退耕地還林39.9萬公頃，宜林荒山荒地造林48.6萬公頃。 In 2001, the cultivated land conversion for afforestation is 399000 hectares and the afforestation in the waste mountains and lands suitable for afforestation is 486000 hectares.
在長江上遊實施天然林保護工程，退耕還林、還草和濕地保護工程。 Projects to protect the natural forests and wetlands, and to reconvert farmland into forest or pasture have been carried out on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
2002年共安排退耕還林任務1.3萬多公頃，當年中央補助種苗林費1000萬元，給退耕還林農牧戶補助糧食1500萬公斤，生活費200萬元。 In 2002, the goal was to reconvert some 13,000 ha of farmland into forest. The Central Government provided 10 million yuan as subsidy for seedlings, and 15 million kg of grain and two million yuan as allowance for families of farmers and herdsmen whose farmland had been restored to forest.
退耕還林和天然林保護工程建設取得成效。 Good results were achieved in projects for reforesting formerly cultivated land and protecting natural forests.
退耕還林、天然林保護、京津風沙源治理等六大林業生態工程建設全面實施。 Six forest ecological projects -- reforesting formerly cultivated land, protecting natural forests and controlling the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin -- were carried out in full.
采取“退耕還林、封山緑化、以糧代賑、個體承包”的辦法，並總結推廣“林權是核心、給糧是關鍵、種苗要先行、幹部是保證”的經驗。 We systematically returned large tracts of cultivated land to forests and pastures in ecologically fragile areas. Such measures as returning farmland to forests, closing off hills for afforestation, providing grain relief to make up for crop losses and contracting reforesting projects to individuals were adopted. We drew on and spread the experience -- "the right to forest is the core, grain supply is the key, seeds and seedlings should be provided first, and cadres guarantee implementation."
今年發生特大洪災後，中國政府把發展林業作為控製水土流失、改善生態環境的根本舉措，提出了更加明確的林業發展目標和任務，在全國範圍內開展封山植樹、退耕還林，在重點國有林區實施天然林保護工程。 Prompted by the disastrous floods this year, the Chinese government decided to take forestry development as a fundamental measure to control soil erosion and improve ecological environment, and worked out concrete goals and tasks for forestry development. Mountain closure, tree planting and land reclamation for reforestation have been carried out nationwide， and the natural forest conservation project has been put into practice in major state-owned forest regions.
如此龐大的人口總量和年人口增長量，對於中國這樣一個底子薄、耕地少、經濟文化水平比較落後和地區之間發展不平衡的國傢來說，是一個沉重的負擔。 Such massive total population and annual population growth constitutes a heavy burden for China, a country that has a weak foundation and little cultivated land, whose economic and cultural level is rather backward and where development is regionally imbalanced.
水庫、水井和灌溉渠(在很多熱帶地區沒有這些很難進行耕)，以及堤防、商市和旅捨，這些設施沒有一個能靠使用者貧乏的財力來修建，它們的存在要歸功於王公們的慷慨大方和考慮自身利益的明智，或者靠各處富人的樂善好施或擺門面講闊氣。這些人的財産如追根溯源總是直接或間接地來自財政收入，常常是來自君主的直接賞賜。 The tanks,wells, and canals for irrigation, without which in many tropical climates cultivation could hardly be carried on; the embankments which confine the rivers, the bazars for dealers, and the seraees for travellers, none of which could have been made by the scanty means in the possession of those using them, owe their existence to the liberality and enlightened self-interest of the better order of princes, or to the benevolence or ostentation of here and there a rich individual, whose fortune, if traced to its source, is always found to have been drawn immediately or remotely from the public revenue, most frequently by a direct grant of a portion of it from the sovereign.
用來滿足耕種者需要的原始製造業由鄉村工匠逐步建立起來，這些人靠耕種不收租的土地或村民從政府留下的收成中付給他們的實物獲得報酬。 The rude manufactures destined for the wants of the cultivators are worked up by village artisans, who are remunerated by land given to them rent-free to cultivate, or by fees paid to them in kind from such share of the crop as is left to the villagers by the government.
一些農具生産廠商，例如凱斯和迪爾，正在以每套加收6000美元的價格，在標準拖拉機上加裝精耕農具係統。農民們發現這種精耕農具係統有許多優點，可以降低成本，提高産量並減輕對環境的破壞。 Farm equipment manufacturers, such as Case and Deere, are selling precision farming systems on standard tractors for an additional ＄ 6,000 because farmers find it advantageous: Precision farming can reduce costs, increase yields, and decrease environmental impact.
從1992年初到1999年8月，中國政府先後在中越邊境中國一側進行了兩次大規模掃雷行動，共排除各種地雷和爆炸物220多萬枚，銷毀廢棄彈藥700餘噸，完成掃雷面積300多平方公裏，打通邊貿通道和口岸290多個，恢復棄耕地、棄荒牧場和山林6萬公頃，消除了邊境衝突遺留地雷對當地平民的威脅。 From early 1992 to August 1999, the Chinese government launched two large-scale demining operations on Chinese territory along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Over 2.2 million landmines and explosive devices of various kinds were removed, and more than 700 tons of abandoned ammunition were destroyed. An area of over 300 square kilometers was cleared. Some 290 border trade paths and ports of entry and exit were reopened, and 60,000 hectares of deserted farmland, pastures and forests were restored to their original state. Thus, the threat posed to the local people by the landmines left over from the border conflict has been eliminated.
從1992年初到1999年8月，中國政府先後在中越邊境中國一側進行了兩次大規模掃雷行動，共排除各種地雷和爆炸物220多萬枚，銷毀廢棄彈藥700餘噸，完成掃雷面積300多平方公裏，打通邊貿通道和口岸290多個，恢復棄耕地、棄荒牧場和山林6萬公頃，消除了邊境衝突遺留地雷對當地平民的威脅。 From early 1992 to August 1999, the Chinese government launched two large-scale demining operations on Chinese territory along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Over 2.2 million landmines and explosive devices of various kinds were removed, and more than 700 tons of abandoned ammunition and explosive devices were destroyed. An area of over 300 square kilometers was cleared. Some 290 border trade paths and ports of entry and exit were reopened, and 60,000 hectares of deserted farmland, pastures and forests were restored to their original state. Thus, the threat posed to the local people by the landmines left over from the border conflict has been eliminated.
高利貸者放債給因年成不好或苛捐雜稅而破産的農民，用以維持他們的生活和耕作，到下一次收穫時收回貸款並得到巨額利息。 The money dealers lend to the unfortunate cultivators, when ruined by bad seasons or fiscal exactions, the means of supporting life and continuing their cultivation, and are repaid with enormous interest at the next harvest;
他們從不給土地施肥，當一塊地的養分吸盡後，他們就到其他的地裏耕作。 They never replenished the soil. When they've milked the land dry they moved on somewhere else.
他們采用的是遊牧型的耕作方式，從不給土壤加點肥，一旦把土地的肥力抽幹了，就往別處遷移。 They're nomad cultivators, never replenishing the soil. When they've milked the land dry they move on somewhere else.
徵用耕地的安置補助費，按照需要安置的農業人口數計算。 The resettlement fee shall be calculated according to the number of agricultural population to be resettled.
每一個需要安置的農業人口的安置補助費標準，為該耕地被徵用前三年平均年産值的四至六倍。 The resettlement fees for each agricultural person to be resettled shall be 4-6 times the average annual output value of the three years preceding the requisition of the cultivated land.
需要安置的農業人口數，按照被徵用的耕地數量除以徵地前被徵用單位平均每人占有耕地的數量計算。 The number of agricultural population to be resettled shall be calculated by dividing the amount of cultivated land requisitioned by the per capital land occupied of the unit whose land is requisitioned.
１９９８年發生特大洪水後，總結實施了“封山植樹，退耕還林；退耕還湖，平垸行洪；以工代賑，移民建鎮；加固幹堤，疏瀎江河”的基本措施。 Following the 1998 catastrophic flooding, we reviewed the past experiences and implemented the basic measures of "closing off hills for tree planting, returning farmland to forests or lakes, leveling protective embankments to facilitate flood water discharge, providing work-relief, resettling displaced people in newly built towns, reinforcing the main dikes and dredging rivers."