唐代 姚合 Yao Ge  唐代   (775~846)
和東都令狐留守相公(一作奉寄東都留守令狐相公) And the East are Linghu Stay behind for garrison or liaison duty Dear husband to send it East have a Stay behind for garrison or liaison duty Linghu Xianggongzhuang
和高諫議蒙兼賓客時入翰苑 And high-Jian Yi Meng and Guest Time into the John Townhouse
和盧給事酬裴員外 And Lu Pei paid to do ministry councillor
和裴結端公早朝(一作和郭端公早朝) And Pei Results End public Levee One for and Guo End public levee
和門下李相餞西蜀相公 and A hanger-on of an aristocrat Phase preserves Western Shu Xiang Gong Li
和座主相公西亭秋日即事 And the seat main xianggongzhuang West pavilion Autumn That is something
和秘書崔少監春日遊青竜寺僧院
和李紳助教不赴看花 and Li shen Tutor Do not go See the flowers
和李十二捨人鼕至日 And Li Troubadour Scheeren winter solstice
和裴令公新成緑野堂即事 And PEI that the public Neoformation Church is something green
和厲玄侍禦題戶部李相公廬山西林草堂 And li black Shi yu inscribe The board of revenue and population Li Xiang Gong Lushan mountain Xilin thatched cottage
和鄭相演楊尚書蜀中唱和詩 And Chung Sang-speech Yang shangshu Xiu to sing to compose verses to match those by others (as a literary exercise)
和戶部侍郎省中晚歸 and The board of revenue and population Assistant minister Province Coming home
和元八郎中秋居 And dollars Physician trained in herb medicine Fall Home
和李十二捨人、裴四二捨人兩閣老酬白少傅見寄 And Li Troubadour Scheeren Scheeren 2 Pei April 2 Gelao Send paid Baishao Fu See
和劉禹錫主客鼕初拜表懷上都故人 and Liu yuxi The guest of honour Early Winter To present a report, petition, etc. to the emperor Both pregnant decedent
和太僕田卿酬殷堯藩侍禦見寄 Hetaipu Tian qing Fulfil yan yaofan Shi Yu See Send
和膳部李郎中秋夕 And Kashiwade Lee Physician trained in herb medicine Qiu Xi
和前吏部韓侍郎夜泛南溪 And former Ministry of official personal affairs in feudal china (former) Chinese state Assistant minister Night Pan South Stream
和王郎中題華州李中丞廳 And Wang Physician trained in herb medicine Washington State title Li zhong Cheng Hall
和厲玄侍禦、無可上人會宿見寄 And li Xuan Shi Yu Mo ke Buddhist monk Council places See Send
和令狐六員外直夜即事寄上相公 and Linghu hexad Ministry councillor Something that is sent straight night Photograph well fair
答孟侍禦早朝見寄 A Meng Shi yu levee See Send
和友人新居園上 And friend New home Park on
多首一頁
古詩 ancient style poetry
閑居

姚合


  不自識疏鄙,終年住在城。
  過門無馬跡,滿宅是蟬聲。
  帶病吟雖苦,休官夢已清。
  何當學禪觀,依止古先生。

【賞析】   姚合極稱賞王維的詩,特別追求王詩中的一種“靜趣”,此詩就反映了這個傾嚮。
  
    首兩句:“不自識疏鄙,終年住在城。”姚合自稱“野性多疏惰”(《閑居遣懷》其八)。一個性格疏懶,習於野性的人,認為不適宜為官臨民,這在旁觀者看是很清楚的。而自己偏不瞭解這點,終年住在城裏,絲竹亂耳,案牘勞形,求靜不得,求閑不能,皆由於自己的“不自識”。本不樂於城市,今終年住在城裏,總得自己尋個譬解。古人說,大隱隱於市,因此認為在城市亦算是隱居。“縣去帝城遠,為官與隱齊。”(《武功縣詩》)自己作這樣一番解釋,是明心跡,也見心安理得了。這兒寫身處縣城,卻透露了心地的靜趣。
  
    景況也確是這樣:“過門無馬跡,滿宅是蟬聲。”這第二聯寫的正是適應自己疏鄙之性的境地,從首二句一氣貫註而來。沒有馬跡過門,就是表明來訪者稀少,為官很清閑。蟬聲聒噪,充滿庭院,是因無人驚擾,反覺鬧中處靜;寫的滿耳聲音,卻從聲音中暗透一個“靜”字。上句寫出清閑,下句寫出清靜。正是於有聲處見無聲,反感靜意籠罩。
  
    在這清閑、清靜的城中一隅,詩人是“帶病吟雖苦,休官夢已清”。這第三聯從“病”寫性情。病,帶點小病,舊時往往成為士大夫的風雅事;病而不廢吟詠,更顯得閑情雅緻。現今“休官”,連小小的職務也不擔任之後,真是夢境也感到很清閑,很清靜了。寫來步步幽深,益見靜境。唐人由於受佛傢思想影響,有所謂更高一層的境界,就是把生活逃遁於“禪”,所以第四聯作者自問:“何當學禪觀,依止古先生?”何時能摒除一切縈心的俗務,求古先生(指佛)學這種禪觀呢?觀,即觀照。妄念既除、則心自朗然無所不照。這樣的境界,就是禪觀(即禪理、禪道),是清閑、清靜的更高一境。藉禪理說心境,表現了詩人對當時吏治腐敗、社會黑暗的鄙視厭惡之情,成功地描摹了作者所追求的藝術上靜趣的境界。
  
    姚合是寫五律的能手。他刻意苦吟,層層寫來,一氣貫註;詩句平淡文雅,樸直中寓工巧,而又暢曉自然,所以為佳。
  
    (施紹文)



【北美枫文集】

【資料來源】 498_6


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