唐代 柳宗元 Liu Zongyuan  唐代   (773~819)
晨詣超師院讀禪經 READING BUDDHIST CLASSICS WITH ZHAO AT HIS TEMPLE IN THE EARLY MORNING
溪居 Dwelling By a Stream
漁翁 An Old Fisherman
登柳州城樓寄漳、汀、封、連四州刺史 From the City-tower of Liuzhou to my Four Fellow-officials at Zhang, Ding, Feng, and Lian Districts
江雪 River-snow
奉平淮夷雅表。皇武命丞相度董師集大功也
奉平淮夷雅表。方城命愬守也卒入蔡得其大醜以平淮右 Feng Ping Huaiyi Heuer City Life Su Fang Shou Cai also keeping a big ugly Death into the Huai River to the right level
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。隋亂既極唐師…為晉陽武第一 Tang Song Rao Advocating qu Troubadour Sui articles only extremely chaotic division as Jin Tang Yang wu chiefly
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。唐既受命李密自敗…為獸之窮第二 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Tang Fei Receive instructions Li mi Since the defeat for the poor beasts secondly
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。太宗師討王充竇建德…戰武牢第三 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book The second empiror since founding of a country Teacher discussion Wang chong Dou jiande Combat arms firm third
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。薛舉據涇以死子仁杲…涇水黃第四 s death to seeds, water, yellow fourthly
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。輔氏憑江淮竟東海…為奔鯨沛第五 s with The yangtze river and the huai river complete East china sea act Ben whale abundant fifth
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。梁之餘保荊衡巴巫…為苞枿第六 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book The remaining balance beam Ba Wu Jing Bao Nie for the shell sixthly
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。李軌保河右師臨之…河右平第七 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Li gui Right Master Pro Paul River river of the right level seventh
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。突厥之大古夷狄莫強…鐵山碎第八 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Turks Large ancient Barbarians Nothing better than Iron Mountain Broken eighth
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。劉武周敗裴寂鹹有晉…靖本邦第九 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Liu wuzhou Defeated Pei Ji Xianyoujinjing The state ninth
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。李靖滅吐𠔌渾西海上為吐𠔌渾第十 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Li Jing off Tuyuhun West Carriage by sea To Tuyuhun tenth
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。李靖滅高昌為高昌第十一 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Li Jing off Gao chang Overbid prosperoud eleventh
唐鐃歌鼓吹麯十二篇。既剋東蠻群臣請圖蠻…東蠻第十二 Tang song rao advocating qu troubadour book Both g East man The ministers requested the map quite East man twelfth
貞符
視民詩 As public poetry
同劉二十八院長述舊言懷感時書事奉寄澧州…贈二君子 With Liu Twain the number 18 Dean When the old sense of the above words pregnant with Book thing Send it Li zhou Gifts 2 gentleman
弘農公以碩德偉材屈於誣枉左官…謹獻詩五十韻以畢微志 Hongnong public to master david wood bend in slander and wrong left government careful Xian shi The number 50 *50 Yun Yibiweizhi
酬韶州裴曹長使君寄道州呂八大使因以見示二十韻一首 Pei paid Shaozhou Long cao Honorific fitle of civil governor of a province in ancient china lodge at State road Lu 8 Ambassador Due to see the show Score charm a (poem)
多首一頁
古詩 ancient style poetry
秋曉行南𠔌經荒村

柳宗元


  杪秋霜露重,晨起行幽𠔌。
  黃葉覆溪橋,荒村唯古木。
  寒花疏寂歷,幽泉微斷續。
  機心久已忘,何事驚麋鹿。

【賞析】   南𠔌,在永州鄉下。此篇寫詩人經荒村去南𠔌一路所見景象,處處緊扣深秋景物所獨具的特色。句句有景,景亦有情,交織成為一幅秋曉南𠔌行吟圖。
  
    詩人清早起來,踏着霜露往幽深的南𠔌走去。第一句點明時令。杪(miǎo),末也。“杪秋”,即深秋。“霜露重”,固然是深秋景色,同時也說明了是早晨,為“秋曉”二字點題。
  
    中間四句寫一路所見。詩人來到小溪,踏上小橋,到處是黃葉滿地;荒涼的山村,古樹參天。一個“覆”字,說明這裏樹木之多,以致落葉能覆蓋溪橋;而一個“唯”字,更表明荒村之荒,除古木之外,餘無所見。不僅如此,南𠔌中連耐寒的山花,也長得疏疏落落;從深山𠔌裏流出來的泉水,細微而時斷時續,象是快枯竭了似的。詩人觸目所見,自然界的一切都呈現出荒蕪的景象。四句詩,處處圍繞着一個“荒”字。
  
    詩人身臨凄涼荒寂之境,觸動內心落寞孤憤之情。這時又見一隻受驚的麋鹿,忽然從身旁奔馳而去。他由此聯想起《莊子·天地》篇裏說過的話:“有機械者必有機事,有機事者必有機心。”詩人藉用此話,意思是:我柳宗元很久以來已不在意宦海升沉,仕途得失,超然物外,無機巧之心了,何以野鹿見了我還要驚恐呢?詩人故作曠達之語,其實卻正好反映了他久居窮荒而無可奈何的心情。
  
    此篇多寫靜景:霜露,幽𠔌,黃葉,溪橋,荒村,古木,寒花,幽泉。寫荒寂之景是映襯詩人的心境。末句麋鹿之驚,不僅把前面的景物帶活了,而且,意味深長,含蓄藴藉,是傳神妙筆。
  
    這雖然是一首五言古詩,但中間兩聯對偶工整,如“黃葉”對“荒村”,“溪橋”對“古木”,“寒花”對“幽泉”。這種句式,可以看出它受律詩的影響。古詩中對偶用得好,可以有助於形象的深化,也有助於激化讀者的聯想和想象。唐人寫古詩,往往采用律詩句式,也可能與此有關。
  
    (吳文治)

【資料來源】 352_48


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