yuèdòuā hè mǎ dù lín nà Bella Akhmadulinazài诗海dezuòpǐn!!! | |||
bì yè yú mò sī kē gāo 'ěr jī wén xué yuàn， 1962 nián tā chū bǎn liǎo dì yī běn shī jí《 qín xián》， bìng yú tóng nián cān jiā sū lián zuò jiā xié huì。
ā hè mǎ dù lín nà hé yè fū tú shēn kē、 wò cí niè xiān sī jī tōng bèi chēng wéi sū gòng 'èr shí dà、 èr shí 'èr dà de shī rén。 tā men sān rén bù jǐn sī xiǎng yī zhì， bǐ cǐ cháng cháng xiě shī xiāng xiàn。 wò cí niè xiān sī jī chēng tā shì “ é luó sī guāng róng ”。 yè fū tú shēn kē shuō tā shì yòu“ wú xiàn mèi lì de nǚ shī rén”， shuō tā“ jì chéng liǎo xiàng 'ā hè mǎ tuō wá hé cí wéi tǎ yé wá zhè yàng yī xiē 'é guó nǚ shī rén de chuán tǒng”， sū lián pī píng jiā fú lā jī mǐ 'ěr · ào gé niè fū bǎ 'ā hè mǎ dù lín nà de shī shuō shì“ yóu rú léi dá， duì yú sī xià xí lái de wēi xiǎn huò duì yú xīn jìn fā xiàn de kuài lè， dōunéng lì kè zuò chū fǎn yìng。 léi dá zhè yī cí bù shì suí biàn yòng de， tā chōng fēn biǎo dá liǎo tā de shī gěi rén de nà zhǒng gǎn jué héng héng jīng cháng de jǐng tì hé duì shì jiè de máo dùn kàn fǎ”。
ā hè mǎ dù lín nà de shī zuò， gāng qiáng dào jìn， biǎo xiàn xì nì， què yòu háo bù liú yú xiān qiǎo。 tā shàn yú cóng pǔ tōng de shēng huó zhōng， shè qǔ shī yì， rán hòu xiǎo yǐ shēn suì de zhé lǐ。 tā xiǎng xiàng lì kāi kuò， qíng lǐ xùn sù jiāo tì， shǐ rén mù bù xiá jiē， yǔ yán suī bù huá cǎi， què zhuāng zhòng shēn chén。 duì rén shēng、 zì rán de sī kǎo， shì tā de shī zuò zhōng jīng cháng chū xiàn de zhù tí， kāi tuò jiào shēn， jiǎo dù yě jiào xīn yíng。
tā de shī jí yòu《 qín xián》、《 fēng xuě》、《 là zhú》 děng。 1977 nián， tā bèi měi guó wén xué yì shù yán jiū yuàn tuī xuǎn wéi míng yù yuàn shì。
bèi lā · ā hè mǎ dù lín nà（ é yǔ： Бе́лла(Изабе́лла)Аха́товнаАхмаду́лина， lā dīng huà： BellaAchatownaAchmadulina， 1937 nián 4 yuè 10 rì － 2010 nián 11 yuè 29 rì）， é sū shī rén、 duǎn piān xiǎo shuō jiā、 fān yì jiā。 tā shì 'é guó xīn làng cháo wén xué yùn dòng de cānyù zhě， zài shì shí céng bèi yuē sè fū · bù luó cí jī chēng wéi“ zuì yōu xiù de zài shì 'é yǔ shī rén”。 hè lǔ xiǎo fū jiě dòng shí tā céng shù cì chū guó fǎng wèn， yíng dé luó guó jì dú zhě de zhù yì。 suī rán tā de zuò pǐn bìng bù guān xīn zhèng zhì， dàn tā hái shì jīng cháng pī píng sū lián dāng jú， bìng shēng yuán nà xiē chí bù tóng zhèng jiàn de zhī shí fènzǐ， bāo kuò nuò bèi 'ěr jiǎng huò dé zhě pà sī jié 'ěr nà kè、 sà hā luó fū hé suǒ 'ěr rén ní qín。
Despite the aforementioned apolitical stance of her writing, Akhmadulina was often critical of authorities in the Soviet Union, and spoke out in favour of others, including Nobel laureates Boris Pasternak, Andrei Sakharov, and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. She was known to international audiences via her travels abroad during the Khrushchev Thaw, during which she made appearances in sold-out stadiums. Upon her death in 2010 at the age of 73, President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev hailed her poetry as a "classic of Russian literature."
The New York Times said Akhmadulina was "always recognized as one of the Soviet Union's literary treasures and a classic poet in the long line extending from Lermontov and Pushkin." Sonia I. Ketchian, writing in The Poetic Craft of Bella Akhmadulina, called her "one of the great poets of the 20th century. There's Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, and Pasternak — and she's the fifth".
Early life, education and work
Bella Akhmadulina was born the only child of a Tatar father and a Russian-Italian mother. Her birth occurred on 10 April 1937. They underwent evacuation to Kazan when World War II broke out.
Akhmadulina's literary career began when she was a school-girl working as a journalist at the Moscow newspaper, Metrostroevets, and improving her poetic skills at a circle organized by the poet Yevgeny Vinokurov. Her first poems appeared in the magazine October after being approved by established Soviet poets. These first poems were published in 1955. Émigré critic Marc Slonim described her prospects as follows in 1964 (Soviet Russian Literature): "Her voice has such a purity of tone, such richness of timbre, such individuality of diction, that if her growth continues she will be able some day to succeed Akhmatova" as "the greatest living woman poet in Russia".
After finishing school, Akhmadulina entered the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute from which she graduated in 1960. While studying at the institute, she published her poems and articles in different newspapers, both official and handwritten. She was the subject of criticism in Komsomolskaya Pravda in 1957. She was expelled in 1959 (but allowed re-entry as time progressed) as a result of her opposition to the persecution of Boris Pasternak. In 1962 the first collection of her poems, titled Struna (The String), was published and was a resounding success. In spite of being expunged, many of her collections of verses were published later: Music lessons (1970), Poems (1975), Candle (1977), Dreams of Georgia (1977), The Mystery (1983), Coastline (1991), and others. A collection called Sad (Garden) led to Akhmadulina receiving the USSR State Prize in 1989.
"Many dogs and one dog", a short story written in a surreal style, was published in 1979 in Samizdat's Metropol Almanac. She assisted in the creation of Metropol. She wrote essays about Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov.
She appeared in sold-out stadiums in the 1960s, as did the poets Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrei Voznesensky and Robert Rozhdestvensky.
Her open letter was published supporting the exiled Andrei Sakharov. In October 1993, she signed the Letter of Forty-Two.
She was a journalist in a 1964 film.
Bella participated in many international poetry events including Kuala Lumpur International Poetry Reading (1988).
After the Soviet Union she published Casket and Key (1994), A Guiding Sound (1995) and One Day in December (1996).
Translation
The main themes of Akhmadulina's works are friendship, love, and relations between people. She wrote numerous essays about Russian poets and translators, some devoted to her close friend, Bulat Okudzhava. Akhmadulina avoided writing overtly political poems, but took part in political events in her youth, supporting the so-called "dissident movement". She translated into Russian poetry from France, Italy, Chechnya, Poland, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, and many others.
Akhmadulina wrote in a "resolutely apolitical" style. She made use of imagery and humour in her work. She used rhymed quatrains in her early works, which discussed ordinary, yet imaginative occurrences from daily life in language that was full of both archaisms and neologisms. Religion and philosophy became her themes as she aged and she wrote in longer forms.
Personal life
Bella Akhmadulina and Anna Netrebko at the Russian State Prize ceremony at the Kremlin
Bella's first marriage in 1954 was to Yevgeny Yevtushenko, another famous poet of the era; her second husband since 1960 was Yuri Nagibin, major novelist and screenwriter. By her 1971 marriage to film director Eldar Kuliev she has a daughter, Elizaveta Kulieva, who is also a poetess. In 1974, she married her last husband, the famous artist and stage designer Boris Messerer. They had homes in Peredelkino and Moscow.
Death
Akhmadulina died at her home in Peredelkino near Moscow on 29 November 2010. She was 73 years old. Her death was announced about one hour later. Akhmadulina's husband said her death was from a heart condition, describing it as a " cardiovascular crisis". Dmitry Medvedev and Vladimir Putin both paid tribute, with Medvedev writing on his blog that the death was an "irreparable loss". Medevdev also wrote that Akhmadulina's poetry was a "classic of Russian literature".
Filmography
Cameo
I Am Twenty (1961), directed by Marlen Khutsiev
Actor
There lives such a guy (1964), directed by Vasily Shukshin (Russian: Живёт такой парень)
Sport, sport, sport (1970), directed by Elem Klimov
Screenwriter
Clean Ponds (1965), based on the works of Yuri Nagibin
Stuardess (1968)
Bibliography
Struna (The String), Moscow, 1962
Oznob (Fever), Frankfurt, 1968
Uroki Muzyki, (Music Lessons), 1969
Stikhi (Verses), 1975
Svecha (The Candle), 1977
Sny o Gruzii (Dreams of Georgia), 1978–79
Metell (Snow-Storm), 1977
Taina (The Secret), 1983
Sad (The Garden), 1987
Stikhotvorenie (A Poem), 1988
Izbrannoye (Selected Verse), 1988
Stikhi (Verses), 1988
Poberezhye (The Coast), 1991
Larets i Kliutch ('Casket and Key), 1994
Gryada Kamnei ('The Ridge of Stone), 1995
Samye Moi Stikhi (My Own Verses), 1995
Zvuk Ukazuyushchiy (A Guiding Sound), 1995
Odnazhdy v Dekabre (One Day in December), 1996
Award
In 1977, Bella Akhmadulina became an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (see AAAL website).
USSR State Prize Laureate (1989)
State Prize of the Russian Federation (2004)
Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984)
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class (August 11, 2007) - for outstanding contribution to the development of national literature and many years of creative activity; 3rd class (April 7, 1997) - for services to the State and outstanding contribution to the development of national literature
Laureate of the Foundation "Banner" (1993)
Winner of the "Nosside" (Italy, 1994)
Laureate of "Triumph" (1994)
Pushkin Prize winner (1994)
Laureate of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of Literature and Art (1998)
Winner of "Brianza" (Italy, 1998)
Winner of the journal "Friendship of Peoples" (2000)
Prize winner Bulat Okudzhava (2003)
Honorary Member of Russian Academy of Arts