作者  (1925年十一月14日)

 世界歷史 World History： 《蘇聯的最後一年》 閱讀羅伊·亞歷山德羅維奇·麥德維傑夫 Roy Medvedev在历史大观的作品!!!

　　羅伊·亞歷山德羅維奇·麥德維傑夫。（Р．А．Медведев 1925— ） 蘇聯著名歷史學家和政治學者。1925年生於格魯吉亞梯比裏斯城。德維傑夫從1964年起和他的孿生兄弟、著名生物遺傳學家若·麥德維傑夫一起從事持不衕政見者運動。1969年因在西方齣版他的著作被開除黨籍，此後一直在蘇聯繼續進行寫作活動。1985— 1991年“改革”期間，麥德維傑夫恢復了蘇共黨籍，1989年3月當選為蘇聯人民代表，並被選為蘇聯最髙蘇维埃調查蘇聯檢察官格德良濫用職權問題委員會主席。1991年8月事變中，麥德維傑夫發表講話，公開仮對解散蘇共中央和停止蘇共活動的做法，並參與了組建俄羅斯社會主義勞動黨的活動。
　　
　　麥德維傑夫是蘇聯持不衕政見運動中的“民主社會主義派”的代表人物之一。他認為十月革命和列寧主義是正確的，但蘇聯在斯大林時期變成了一個官僚化的社會主義和假社會主義的變種；他尖銳地批判斯大林時期的種種“病態”，但又認為應肯定這一時期蘇聯人民在建設社會主義方面所取得的偉大勝利。麥德維傑夫稱自己是馬列主義者，擁護社會主義，主張發揚和擴大黨內民主，恢復列寧主義的本來面目，這與其他持不衕政見者有很大的不衕。他的主要著作有：《讓歷史來審判》、《政治日記》、《赫魯曉夫執政年代》、《布哈林的最後歲月》、《論社會主義民主》、《斯大林和斯大林主義》等。

　　Roy Aleksandrovich Medvedev (Russian: Рой Александрович Медведев; born 14 November 1925, Tbilisi, Georgia) is a Russian historian renowned as the author of the dissident history of Stalinism, Let History Judge (Russian: К суду истории), first published in English in 1972. Medvedev became a prominent Russian politician and served as a consultant to Mikhail Gorbachev.
　　
　　Early life and educationRoy Medvedev was the son of a Aleksander Romanovich Medvedev, professor of Military-Political Academy and has an identical twin brother, the biologist Zhores Medvedev. Their father was arrested in 1938, during one of Joseph Stalin's purges, and died in a labor camp in 1941.
　　
　　Medvedev graduated from the Leningrad University. After joining the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 Medvedev pursued a teaching career before becoming a researcher in the Soviet Academy of Pedagogical Sciences.
　　
　　 Dissident historianFrom an allegedly Marxist viewpoint, Medvedev criticized former Russian General Secretary Joseph Stalin, and Stalinism in general, during the Soviet era. In the early 1960s, Medvedev was engaged in samizdat publications. He was critical of the unscientific nature of Lysenkoism.
　　
　　In 1969, Medvedev was expelled from the Communist Party after the publication of his book Let History Judge, which criticized Stalin and Stalinism at a time when official Soviet propagandists were trying to partially rehabilitate the former dictator. Let History Judge reflected the dissident thinking that emerged in the 1960s among Soviet intellectuals who, like Medvedev, sought a reformed, democratic socialism and a return to Leninism. He announced his position, along with Andrei Sakharov and others, in an open letter to the Soviet leadership in 1970.
　　
　　Medvedev was often subject to house arrest and KGB harassment under Leonid Brezhnev, but managed to publish numerous critical writings on Soviet history and politics abroad. Medvedev was oppressed for his active support of democracy after he successfully published Let History Judge abroad in the late 1960s.
　　
　　In a book co-authored with his identical twin brother, Zhores, A Question of Madness, Medvedev describes Zhores' involuntary commitment in the Kaluga Psychiatric Hospital. Zhores, a dissident biologist, was questioned at the Kaluga psychiatric facilities about his involvement with samizdat, and about the book he had written, The Rise and Fall of T.D. Lysenko; Zhores was exiled to Britain in the 1970s.
　　
　　Medvedev returned to the ruling party in 1989, after Mikhail Gorbachev launched his perestroika and glasnost program of gradual political and economic reforms. He was elected to the Soviet Union's Congress of People's Deputies and was named as member of the Supreme Soviet, the permanent working body of the Congress. After the collapse of the Soviet government, Medvedev joined with dozens of other former communist deputies of the Soviet and Russian parliaments to found the Socialist Party of Working People, becoming a co-chair of the party.
　　
　　Medvedev supports the current President of Russia and former Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
　　
　　 Publications in EnglishLet History Judge: The Origin and Consequences of Stalinism, Alfred A.Knopf, New York, 1972 ISBN 0-394-44645-3
　　
　　On Socialist Democracy, Alfred A.Knopf, New York, 1975, ISBN 0-394-48960-8
　　
　　Problems in the Literary Biography of Mikhail Sholokhov, Cambridge University Press, 1977
　　
　　Khrushchev, Blackwell, Oxford, Doublday,New York, 1983, ISBN 0-385-18387-9
　　
　　The October Revolution, Columbia University Press, New York, 1979, ISBN 00946219005
　　
　　All Stalin's Men, Blackwell, Oxford, 1984, ISBN 0-385-18388-7
　　
　　A Question Of Madness (with Zhores Medvedev). Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 1971. ISBN 0-394-47900-9 ISBN 0-14-003783-7
　　
　　Khrushchev: The Years in Power (with Zhores Medvedev). 198 pages. Columbia University Press. 1976. ISBN 0-231-03939-5
　　
　　On Soviet Dissent Columbia University Press. 1979. ISBN 0-231-04812-2
　　
　　Nikolai Bukharin: The Last Years. 176 pages. W W Norton & Co Inc. 1983. ISBN 0-393-30110-9
　　
　　Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism (Revised and expanded edition). Columbia University Press. 1989. ISBN 0-231-06350-4
　　
　　Post-Soviet Russia: A Journey Through the Yeltsin Era (with George Shriver). 394 pages. Columbia University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-231-10607-6
　　
　　The Unknown Stalin (with Zhores Medvedev). The Overlook Press. 336 pages. 2004. ISBN 1-58567-502-4