阅读列昂诺夫 Leonid Leonov在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
苏联、俄罗斯作家。苏联科学院院士。1899年5月31日生于莫斯科。1915～1918年在莫斯科第三中学就读时开始文学活动。国内战争期间志愿参加红军，1920年复员后在莫斯科任小报编辑，晚上到工厂当夜班钳工。1924年发表反映十月革命前后俄罗斯农村巨变的长篇小说《獾》后，成为职业作家。20年代后半期和30年代兼事小说和戏剧创作，较著名的有长篇小说《贼》、《索溪河》、《斯库塔列夫斯基》和《通过海洋的道路》；剧本《波洛夫场果园》和《暴风雪》等。反法西斯卫国战争年代曾到前线，创作上主要完成4幕话剧《侵略》和中篇小说《攻克大舒姆斯克》两部力作。前者写战前因刑事犯罪坐牢的主人公（1964年新版改为“肃反”时的蒙冤入狱者）出狱后毅然参加抗敌斗争并为救游击队长而壮烈牺牲的故事。后者正面歌颂红军英勇顽强的战斗精神。分别于1946年和1949年出版的《战时文存》和《我们的岁月》，收集了他战时的政论及战后在各种场合发表的演说、随笔等。其间完成的剧本《金马车》，鞭笞自私自利，讴歌女主人公坚强性格和高尚情操。长篇小说《俄罗斯森林》通过两个政治上和道德上完全对立的林学家，从1905年到卫国战争年代的不同道路和命运，再现俄罗斯近半个世纪的曲折历程，富于哲理，较多运用民间创作和艺术象征，清新不俗，获1957年首次颁发的列宁奖金。50年代后期以后，出任苏联作家协会理事会书记处书记。已发表的作品有科幻电影小说《马克-金利先生逃难记》、中篇心理小说《叶甫盖尼·伊凡诺夫娜》、论文集《文学与时代》。
Life and work
During the Russian Civil War, he worked as a reporter. His first (and perhaps best) novel, The Badgers (1924), employs a fairly conventional style but is filled with peasant speech; it "deals with the impact on the village and the peasantry of the Revolution and symbolically pits brother against brother in the struggle." His dark novel The Thief (1927), set in the criminal underworld of the Russian capital, was warmly welcomed by critics in Russia and abroad, but Brown considers it "spoiled in execution by the self-conscious literary poses of the author and his transparent derivation of himself from the irrationalist Dostoevsky. Leonov nonetheless performs a shrewd psychological dissection upon his main character, a disillusioned commissar who has become a member of a gang of thieves. He produced a thoroughly reworked version of this novel in 1959."
The Moscow Art Theatre under the direction of Constantin Stanislavski staged Leonov's play Untilovsk, which was set in a remote Siberian community. The production opened on 17 February 1928, having given a preview to the theatre's management committee three days earlier. Both the committee and the wider press disapproved of the play's ideological stance; Anatoly Lunacharsky, writing in the Leningrad journal Krasnaia, described it as a step backwards for the theatre.
Soviet River (1930) describes the construction of a paper mill on the banks of a river in the middle of the Siberian forest; Skutarevsky (1932), "probably one of his best works in style and intellectual power, explores the psychological problems of an eminent scientist working in a socialist state and, in what is undoubtedly an autobiographical statement, traces his development from a skeptical critic of the new order into an enthusiastic supporter." In 1934, Leonov helped Maxim Gorky to found the Union of Soviet Writers. The following year, he published a fantasy about the Soviet future, Road to the Ocean, in which the hero, "another embodiment of Leonov, meditates on the suffering he has caused and endured and tries to answer the question whether it was worth while in the total economy of history."
Immediately after the start of World War II, Leonov penned several patriotic plays, which were quickly made into movies and won him the USSR State Prize (1943). His novel The Russian Forest (1953) was acclaimed by the authorities as a model Soviet book on World War II and received the Lenin Prize, but its implication that the Soviet regime had cut down "the symbol of Old Russian culture" caused some nervousness, and Nikita Khrushchev reminded the author that "not all trees are useful ... from time to time the forest must be thinned." In 1967, Leonov was named a Hero of Socialist Labour. He was admitted to the Soviet Academy of Sciences five years later. During the last decades of his life, he worked upon the dark nationalistic-religious epic The Pyramid (1994).
[edit]Filmography
1963 Русский лес (The Russian Forest) - screenplay
1975 Бегство мистера Мак-Кинли (The Escape of Mr. McKinley) film / closet screenplay