現代中國
(
1902年十二月28日～
1988年五月10日)
沈从文（1902～1988）現代作傢、歷史文物研究傢。原名瀋嶽煥，筆名小兵、懋琳、休蕓蕓等。湖南鳳凰（今屬湘西土傢族苗族自治州）人。苗族。1918年小學畢業後隨本鄉土著部隊到沅水流域各地，隨軍在川、湘、鄂、黔四省邊區生活，開始接觸中外文學作品。1923年到北京自學並學習寫作。曾去北京大學旁聽。1924年後開始發表作品，並與鬍也頻合編《京報副刊》和《民衆文藝》周刊。1928年到上海與鬍也頻、丁玲編輯《紅黑》、《人間》雜志。翌年任教於中國公學。1930年起在武漢大學、青島大學任教。1934年起編輯北平和天津的《大公報》副刊《文藝》。抗日戰爭爆發後，到昆明任西南聯合大學教授。抗戰勝利後，任北京大學教授，編輯《大公報》、《益世報》等文學副刊。從1926年出版第一本創作集《鴨子》開始，瀋從文出版了7O餘種作品集，被人稱為多産作傢。至40年代刊行的作品主要有：短篇小說集《蜜柑》、《雨後及其他》、《神巫之愛》、《旅店及其他》、《石子船》、《虎雛》、《阿黑小史》、《月下小景》、《如蕤集》、《八駿圖》，中篇小說《一個母親》、《邊城》，長篇小說《舊夢》、《長河》，散文集《記鬍也頻》、《記丁玲》、《從文自傳》、《湘行散記》、《湘西》等。他的小說取材廣泛，描寫了從鄉村到城市各色人物的生活，其中以反映湘西下層人民生活的作品最具特色。代表作《邊城》以兼具抒情詩和小品文的優美筆觸，表現自然、民風和人性的美，提供了富於詩情畫意的鄉村風俗畫幅，充滿牧歌情調和地方色彩，形成別具一格的抒情鄉土小說。他的創作表現手法不拘一格，文體不拘常例，故事不拘常格，嘗試各種體式和結構進行創作，成為現代文學史上不可多得的“文體作傢”。他的散文也獨具魅力，為現代散文增添了藝術光彩。一些後來的作傢曾深受他創作風格的影響。
中華人民共和國成立後，瀋從文被安排到中國歷史博物館，從事文物、工藝美術圖案及物質文化史的研究工作。1957年放棄了文學生涯。1978年調中國社會科學院歷史研究所任研究員，致力於中國古代服飾及其他史學領域的研究。研究成果有《唐宋銅鏡》、《竜鳳藝術》、《中國古代服飾研究》等學術著作。1980年曾應邀赴美國講學，1982年增補為中國文聯委員。瀋從文的著作除前面列舉的外，還有論文集《沫沫集》、《廢郵存底》、《雲南看雲集》，批評專集《現代中國作傢評論選》，以及多種瀋從文的選集和多捲本《瀋從文文集》等。
(1902 ~ 1988) of modern writers of historical relics home. Formerly known as Shen Yue Huan, pen soldier, Mao Lin, Yun-yun, etc. off. Hunan Phoenix (now part of Western Hunan Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture) people. Miao. After graduating in 1918 with the primary to the Yuanshui River Hongo indigenous forces around the army in Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, and Guizhou border area of life, came into contact with Chinese and foreign literary works. Beijing in 1923 to write self-study and learn. Peking University had to attend. Works published after 1924, and edited with the Hu-frequency "Beijing Daily News", and "public art" magazine. 1928 frequencies to Shanghai and Hu, Ding Ling edit "red and black," "human" magazine. The following year taught at public school. 1930, at Wuhan University, Qingdao University of Pennsylvania. 1934, Beijing and Tianjin from the editors of "Ta Kung Pao" Supplement "Literature." War broke out, to any of Southwest Associated University in Kunming. After the war, he was appointed professor at Peking University, Editor, "Ta Kung Pao", "Yi World Report" and other literary supplement. From the 1926 publication of the first creation series "ducks" start, Shen 7O kinds of works published collection, was known as a prolific writer. Print and Publish to 40 years of work are: short stories, "mandarin", "after the rain and the other", "Mystery of Love", "Hotel and other", "stone boat", "young tiger", "A Short History of Black "" On the Small King, "" such as Rui set "," Eight Horses "novella" a mother, "" Border Town ", novel" dream, "" river "essays" are written Hu-frequency "" Notes on Ding Ling, "" From the Autobiography "," Hunan Travelogue, "" Western "and so on. He draws on extensive description of the colored people from rural to urban living, which reflecting the lower Western works of the most unique people's lives. Representative of "Border Town" to both the beautiful lyrics and Essays strokes, the performance of the natural, and the people and the beauty of human nature, provides a rich poetic village custom frame, full of pastoral mood and local color, form a unique lyrical Novels. Eclectic approach to his creative expression, style informal common practice, the stories often informal format, trying to create a variety of style and structure, rare in modern literary history "style writer." His prose is also charming, as the art of modern prose adds luster. Some later writers have deeply affected his writing style.