阅读罗姆·大卫·塞林格 Jerome David Salinger在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
罗姆·大卫·塞林格塞林格15岁时进宾夕法尼亚州一所军事学校住读，1936年毕业。1937年去波兰学做火腿，不久回国继续读书，先后进了3所学院，都未毕业。
1942年塞林格从军，经一年多专门训练后，派赴欧洲做反间谍工作。1946年复员回纽约，专门从事写作。
早在军校读书时，塞林格即练习写作。1940年发表处女作，到1951年出版长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》止，十多年中曾发表短篇小说20多篇。《麦田里的守望者》出版后，塞林格一举成名。
《麦田里的守望者》一发表就引起了巨大的争议，同时也使作者举国闻名，因为一些评论家谴责这部小说为非严肃文学，该书曾经被某些社团列为禁书，随后还成为文学〈第一修正案〉的权利、审查、猥亵等问题的辩论中心。 这本小说虽然争议很大，仍然受到大批读者的喜爱，它是美国最受欢迎的畅销书之一。这部小说带有作者 年轻时一段自转的性质，小说讲述了一个16岁少年，霍尔顿·考尔菲德(Holden Caulfield)，在暑假前际因为5门功课有四门不及格被学校开除后，在极度压抑、颓废、矛盾中度过的几天经历。早熟但幼稚的霍尔顿发现现实世界的丑恶跟他理想的童年世界的“纯真”形成巨大的反差、在看到了成人世界的种种丑恶、虚伪后沉湎于理想、纯真的童年世界里不能自拔，一直幻想能做个“纯真”保护神，最后精神几乎崩溃，被送进一家精神病医院疗养。在医院疗养康复中他以第一人称叙述了自己的故事。 《麦》客观又深刻地指出了青少年在成长过成中所面临的种种问题，如酗酒、功课压力、精神压抑、性行为等。
塞林格退伍，回到纽约开始专心创作。他的第一本长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》1951年出版，获得了很大的成功，塞林格一举成名。他之后的作品包括了《弗兰尼与卓埃》（1961年）、《木匠们，把屋梁升高》和《西摩：一个介绍》（1963年）和收录了他的短篇故事的《九故事》（1953年），但都不像《麦田里的守望者》那么成功。塞林格擅长塑造早熟、出众的青少年的形象。
《麦田里的守望者》获得成功之后，塞林格变得更孤僻。他在新罕布什尔州乡间的河边小山附近买下了90多英亩的土地，在山顶上建了一座小屋，过起了隐居的生活。他虽然从未放弃写作，但他在1951年之后，就很少公开出版自己的作品。他后期的作品也越来越倾向于东方哲学和禅宗。
Raised in Manhattan, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the critically acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home to much of his subsequent work. In 1951 Salinger released his novel The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. The novel remains widely read and controversial, selling around 250,000 copies a year.
The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny: Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924", appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965.
Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed . He made headlines around the globe in June 2009, after filing a lawsuit against another writer for copyright infringement resulting from that writer's use of one of Salinger's characters from The Catcher in the Rye. Salinger died of natural causes on January 27, 2010, at his home in Cornish, New Hampshire.