| Name and Alias： | 子长 | ||
Read works of Sima Qian at 历史大观 | |||
司马迁Sima Qian's birth and death, no clear history. Neighbor Wang Guowei, "Sima Qian Biography of Poet," that Sima Qian was born in Han Yang Ling Meta five years (145 BC), died about the beginning of Emperor Emperor Zhao of Han (86 BC), at the age of 60. Qian said that since the Tang Yu Zhizhou family are generations of historians and astronomers. Sima wrong is when the cutting Shu Qin King Hui of the star, Sima Chang is the Emperor's iron officer, to talk about Sima Qian's father, Emperor Wu of Han done Taishiling restored the ancestral Shi Guanheng industry.
Sima Qian's youth, "Gengmu rivers and mountains of the sun." Sima Qian in the "mountains and water belt meandering mosaic" ("Preface Hancheng County"), the natural environment to grow, both by the clear mountain air of the mold Shu also have some experience of civil life.
Years old, Sima Qian with his father to the capital Chang'an, was Dr. Xiang Lao Fu Sheng, Confucian scholars Kong Anguo learning; family history and deep, complex from the teacher by trade, inspired by induction, in particular. This time, when the Han Dynasty powerful national strength, economic prosperity, cultural prosperity, when Zhang Qian Ancient Korea through Western, Wei Qing, Huo big break Hun, Han Yue set up......; is Sima Qian in the capital in knowledge-rich, energizing time.
About two years old, Sima Qian started out traveling - "the South River, Huai River, the Huiji, Yu cave exploration, peep Jiuyi, floating in the Yuan, Xiang, North involved Timor, Si, say industry Qi and Lu, both in concept The legacy of Confucius, and shooting Zou, yi, helped people in difficulty Po Lake, Xue, Pengcheng, Leung Chu had to go. "returned to Chang'an then, did the emperor's valet doctor, with the Emperor visited the Pingliang, Kongtong, but also Ancient Korea Sichuan, he went to the most south of Kunming.
Feng Yuan Dynasty (110 BC), Han Dynasty, held a large-scale patrolling the Fengshan, Buji 180 000, flags more than a thousand years, vast and mighty. Sima Qian's father is the historian Sima Tan, this should be OK, but died in Luoyang. Sima Qian to accept his father's behest, went to Mount Tai, to participate in Fengshan, then along the East China Sea, pass the Great Wall Beyond the Great Wall back to Chang'an.
Yuan Feng three years (108 BC), 30-year-old Sima Qian, the official Taishiling do have the opportunity to view the collections of all the Han court books, records and various historical opportunity of proving his side while participating changing calendar. Wait until the beginning was the first year (104 BC), China's first calendar "calendar was in the beginning" to complete, he hands the preparation of "Historical Records."
Very beginning the first year (96 BC) Han Dynasty reign title Amnesty world. Qian then five years old, after his release when the Zhongshu Ling, in the other view, might be "respect for working pet," but, he dedicated his book to write. Until the sign and two (91 BC) completed the book, were obtained from 130, and 52 thousand words.
Life
Bluntly by castration
Days of the Han two years (99 BC), when Sima Qian threw himself wrote, "Historical Records" when, because of Li Ling incident be castration. This summer, Emperor Wu sent his Chongfei Ms. Li's brother, Second Division of the crusade to lead the troops of General Li Guangli Hun, the grandson of alternates Guang, Li Ling entourage Li Guangli other will escort baggage. Li Ling led the Buzu 5000 people out of Bamboo, Jun Jishan depth alone, and Chanyu encounter. Li Ling Hun laid siege to 80,000 cavalry. After eight days and nights of fighting, a more than 10 thousand Hun Li Ling beheaded, but he was not the main forces of the backup, the results gunned, unfortunately captured.
Li Ling defeat after the news reached Chang'an, Emperor Wu died in the hope that he can later heard that he has voted down, anger, joy, lower-ranking civil and military officials certainty, thus, a few days ago also have praised the bravery Li Ling, now echo Han, Li Ling accused of sins. Qian Han Taishiling asked the views of Sima Qian to give comfort to Emperor, on the one hand are those who jumped on the bandwagon hate minister, Li Ling try to defend. He believes that Li Ling usual filial mother, friends say Lutheran, courteous human modesty, grace letters of soldiers have often rushed urgent country needs, a country style with disabilities. Sima Qian hate the preservation of themselves and their families know the Minister, who now see Li Ling adverse troops, they blindly adding insult to injury, exaggerated their charges. He Han said: "Li Ling 5000, led only the infantry, in-depth Hun, alone, injuring many enemies, and established illustrious contribution. In the cavalry not to, gunned, desperate circumstances, is still courageously kill enemy. is much better than the ancient star. Li Ling themselves as caught in defeat, as much as his anti-Hun is also prominent in the world had enough. The reason why he die, but surrendered to the Huns, must be to find the appropriate opportunity to repay the Han Dynasty. "
Sima Qian's meaning seems to be two divisions of General Li Guangli not fulfilled his responsibility. His blunt offended Han, Han Li Ling that he was to defend, belittle Lao Shi expedition returned, defeated the Han Ms. Wu Dili's brother Li Guangli, was ordered into the incarceration of Sima Qian.
According to the Han Dynasty's criminal law, death penalty, there are two reduction methods: one to take half a million of money atonement, and second, by the "Fu Xing." Sima Qian's official small poor family, of course, not so much sin to take. Fu Xing not only brutally destroying the human body and spirit, but also significantly degrading. Sima Qian, of course not willing to endure such a punishment, distraught, he even thought of suicide. And then he thought, people always have a death, but "dead than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather," meaning the severity of death is different. He felt that if the "executed to death," less like a cattle hair, is worthless. He thought of Confucius, Qu Yuan, Zuo Qiuming and Sun Bin, and others, think of the humiliation they have suffered and achieved remarkable results. Sima Qian suddenly felt myself full of strength, he resolutely took the Fuxing. The face of the most cruel punishment, Sima Qian to the extreme pain, but he did not hate this time, no fear. He is only a belief that we must live, must take the finished Records, "is on the 1st and 9 intestinal back home if there is Hu Hu dead, out of the do not know what to. Every reading Williams Shame, Khan Wei Chang do not send back Zhanyi also. "Records are not yet completed because he was bite the bullet to survive.
Energies into the "Historical Records"
Three years from the Yuan Feng Qian (108 BC) was Taishiling after reading, historical order, ready to write, to the very beginning of four years (BC 91) had essentially completed all the writing program, a total after 16 years. This is his lifetime of effort, hard work, and endured great physical and mental suffering, take the whole life ever written a brilliant shine with a great book.
"Historical Records" is the first biographical History, Sima Qian essays. The book includes 12 "of the century", 30 "family", 70 "Biography", 10 "table", 8 "book", a total of five sections, some more than 526,000 words. Account from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Han Wu is too up and down between the early years of the three thousand years of history. It is also a literary classic, is the seminal works of literary biography. Its main part is the discipline, family, and biographies, including biographies is the essence of the book.
Sima Qian's feudal rulers want to provide historical reference for reflecting the true history, which is very valuable. With Memoir of the spirit, when Sima Qian in the selected character, not according to their official position or social status, but their actual behavior as the standard. For example, he wrote many, such as Ranger, businessmen, doctors, advocates excellent biography of the lower figure. In Sima Qian's mind, these people have their merits. Sima Qian's first set things up to people, always describes the life story of a life form. Focus on writing his "man" and pay attention to their "man" of complexity, Sima Qian calligraphy. To pass his time, his own view resides in the fact that the objective narration, to express their attitude to the people of love and hate. Example, the character Xiang Yu, Qian feel sorry for him, a very full enthusiasm to write the failed hero. Xiang Yu's brave and he not only praised, but also his lack of ambition, cruelty count on criticism. However, in the "Xiang Yu of the century", by Sima Qian did not quiet, but his attitude on Xiang Yu's love and hate among the narrative clearly demonstrated. This is the most important feature of Sima Qian to pass, that the unity of truth and bias.
Clear love and hate
The ugly face of the feudal rulers, Sima Qian is also a deeper understanding of, and mercilessly exposed the evil ruling class. Such as "cruel government official," a total of 10 officials for the brutal cold mass, in which Emperor Wu of the courtiers had nine. Was re-Tang-Han, and "soup man more fraud, dance wise to imperial people. Began to Xiaoli, not dry, and Chang Fu Jia Tian Jia, Wang Shu Weng fish are private pay." The so-called "dry no", that is empty be mean. Here is the description for the Xiaoli Tang-trick when useful in order to subdue the human condition. After the Tang-upper hand, Yu Zhao, together with the various residues of the laws enacted, including one called "Fu Fei of the Law", that is, whether guilty or not, accused of being on the court as long as the disgruntled, can accordingly Code. Qiao Tang-good legislation so that not only names, but will also meet Emperor Wu's mind to dispose of "prisoners." Under his auspices, often a case many people will be involved, so as sand, disregard for human lives. Their criminal activities were recorded down Sima Qian, he is by these authoritarian rule of the Han period to be exposed to the cruel and dark and complaints.
Sima Qian's progressive view of history and the courage to expose the fault of the bold style of the emperor should be affirmed. For the historical evolution of his ideas are more complete. He give the correct evaluation of history after he fully affirmed the continued development of evolutionary history of this conclusion.
Historians Masterpiece
Mr. Lu Xun once said, "" Historical Records "is a historian of the Masterpiece, no rhyme of" Li Sao "." That is, as a large-scale, comprehensive system of Chinese General History of the "Historical Records" is also a very good literature.
Sima Qian also vividly depicts the different types of historical figures. His description of Western Chu Xiang Yu Xiang Yu is very exciting. Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu led army to cross the river, and then to sink all ships, and ordered only allowed three days of food, which will specifically describe the image but most drastic Xiang Yu, and Qin fight to the death of the determination and spirit. Xiang Yu's army arrived in a 10, the eradication of the number far exceeds their own Qin, strong Qin rule in the overthrow of the war, played an important role. Xiang Yu after the battle, summoned the generals from various quarters, when they enter the Xiang Yu Yuan Men, no one dared to walk up first. This is inspiring description of Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu was on the scene around, Sima Qian described more is moving. Xiang Yu generosity song: "Miraculous Air Force Nukiyama Come, Come Zhui not died when the negative." Qian through this song, completely depicts the hero generous in defeat after the tragic time, but failed to avert the fate of mixed feelings. Next, Sima Qian Xiang again after breakthrough, when the fierce battle in the East were described. Xiang Yu was only 28 cavalry, when the approach of thousands of pursuers, Xiang Yu bulging eyes, Nu He soon as, the Han scared back several years. See this description, can not help but make people think that the failure of the hero seems to be at hand.
Again, Sima Qian Han emperor into describing relations with the public pledge to fully demonstrate a statesmanship. The Han emperor also rebuked the rogue with good habits and resourceful character. Once, Han Xin Han emperor wrote a letter to require sealing their false King of Qi. Han emperor was very angry, just about to attack Zhang Liang was in the side of the attack suggested he do, he immediately turned his tone and said: "The real man put down princes, the king really want to do it, what does the king leave?" Here does not use the word more, but a vivid portrait of the Han emperor resourceful and good at Machiavellian character.
Sima Qian's account of language in the book is very vivid, the characters vivid. His extensive use of oral tradition of proverbs, idioms, folk songs, and do not avoid dialects. He is close to the spoken language of the "dialect" usually describes the harmony and character dialogue, though bright, but subtle, so outside noise, it is worth pondering; complex and simple, eclectic, proper place, is generally characterized as the figure description of services. He describes the characters speak most interesting description of tone, fully demonstrated the spirit of the characters attitude. To highlight the characters, he also often due to stress, exaggerated. For example, the "emperor of the century": "(five years) Jeongwol, princes, and the phase of Kingship, please respect for the emperor 。...... Hanwang three for, unavoidable, said:. Dwellers will think that that would state., "This is a Han emperor to throne, then, is the direct simulation was spoken vividly reflects the Han emperor simulating the way, reading can not help but think the Han emperor to speak like the scene at hand. Furthermore, using the ancient history data of Sima Qian, the general common language translation of the old saying at the time. Such as "writing material" to write the story of Yao and Shun, drawn this article, "Book of History • Dian," the book "people Rusangkaobi, universal set containing three close octave", "entertainment industry for decades allowed to determine, Shu Ji Xian Xi", etc. language, translated as "people, such as mourning parents, three four-Mo Ju-Le," "believe Baiguan injury, the public power are something" other, translation compared with the original will find it easier to read. Historical biography of the reason so well with Sima Qian's superb ability to control language inseparable.
A person was innocent after the persecution, usually have two choices: either go dark or determined to improve himself. The Sima Qian chose the latter road. He is holding "study in heaven and earth, through past to present, as his words," the purpose of his mind all the "outrage" all devoted to the creation of Records to go. Qian original works of Chinese history, biographical genre, creating a new style of history methods. Sima Qian's personal biography, the form of discipline, record of social history as the center for future generations demonstrated a history of large-scale social change. Whether in history or literature, Sima Qian have made brilliant achievements.
His great patriotic spirit, noble personality will always shine with the radiance of immortality.
Cimu
Qian Cimu located in the Korean city 10 kilometers south of the Han Yi zhichuanzhen slope cliff, was built in the West Jinyong Jia 4 years. February 1982, the State Council promulgated a national key cultural relics protection bit. Sima Qian Cimu building from the lower slope to the top, according to Cliff on the situation, but on the delivery layer. Teng its summit can be expected surging Yellow River East, West Tiao Towering Yangsan, South Kan Wei ancient Great Wall, north view of Chi Flows can be described as mountains and water and hold, Meteorology. Spectacular and beautiful scenery of natural forms, silhouetted against the noble character of Sima Qian and great performance.
Recalling this Guth
Chinese history, each responsible, accomplished historian, efforts will be to gather up their thinking, left to posterity many useful lessons. In this regard, I first thought of course Sima Qian Sima Qian. Sima Qian's book, "Sima Qian book" - descendants known as the "Historical Records", on the one hand demonstration of his time in a brilliant General History of China, one embodiment of history and his profound understanding of history and knowledge. 2000 Over the years, praise it, research it when people can go on to prove that it has great charm and enduring position. For such a grand display of historical writings by the historical scroll, in the historical movement of individuals, all play what role? These roles and their activities in the stage of history and its background, what kind of people today do the important revelation? For such problems, different times of the people would have thought of his time within the scope of some understanding, but from a different perspective and who will have belonged to him, within a perspective that field or some understanding that this is a endless, "historians of the Masterpiece." However, in Sima Qian's areas of profound thought there must be some of the most fundamental of different people for different times are very important ideas.
For example, why people should study history? What people should approach or attitude towards the relationship between history and reality? This is about the history of public relations with the most fundamental problem, until today, but has also been raised similar questions. In fact, on this issue, Sima Qian had made a brilliant answer. He wrote: "Home world of Chi Gu Zhidao, so also from the mirror, not necessarily the same. Emperors were the special ceremony and different services, in order to succeed as president to discipline, how can Gun Down?" ("Historical Records - emperor Chronology Hou hero who "order) These words are very profound, very important. First, he pointed out that the real reason for people to understand the history, understanding of history is to history as a mirror to look at reality, and make comparisons, as a reference, neither to equate the history and reality, nor to reality to imitate history, the two ought not to be confused with the. This is clearly pointed out the relationship and difference between past and present: due to contact, it can be "self mirror"; because there are differences, it is "not necessarily the same." Secondly, he pointed out the previous emperor, "the special ceremony and different services", and their systems, policies are often different, but they are to achieve the fundamental purpose of governing the country. Visible "from the Mirror" by no means confuse past and present. These two points, it is dialectically elaborated, "people in this home," why to "Zhi Gu Zhidao." Can be seen, refused to historical experience, is foolish; rote historical experience, it is not wise.
Another example is the development of human history have their own rules (that is what we call today the law)? If so, people aware of what is law? This is the people to study history, study history with the fundamental nature of a problem, first understand history is an essential attribute of the fundamental problem. It should be frankly admitted, which is thousands of years people in the one of the issues debated. This problem, Sima Qian Sima Qian also touched. He investigated the social and economic life, have the following knowledge? It to be farmers and eat, out of danger, made of industrial, commercial and through the. This Ningyou Zheng Zheng of Education issued will zai? ("Historical Records" sequence) This is the farming, mining, processing, exchange, and exchange of something which changes the relationship between the people of division of labor and, as found in the "Road" natural phenomenon. Sima Qian spoke of the similar economic phenomena, he also said: "Incident and more Guer also anti-Yes. Based on the object containing the failure, when the pole instead, a quality article, circulates the change also." Said: "the same as Gu Yun, Shi Shi and his ilk, of shock dictates, He-Yan surprising. "(" Historical Records - Equalization Form "on) he realized: the development of things to a climax will turn to decline, enabling the development to the immediate objective situation will turn negative, there is an interaction between things, a result of the conflict, is not nothing strange. Obviously, people can recognize this, its important significance not only on the past Lishi You Zaiyu a Dazhi into perspective, 而且 Huan is on the reality of the historical movement Hu Wei Lai of the historical outlook, Huiyou more sober Cognition & Comparison objective.
Another example is the movement of history is mainly composed by human activities; left people unable to discuss the activities of human social history movement problems. Then, as an individual person, whether the activity should be what role do history? This is not only related to people's own understanding of the value of life, but also to the people as individuals in society, historical movements in the value. History, thinkers, educators, there are saying this all gives a useful inspiration. Most of them are rational and the Qing Dynasty, which undoubtedly will raise awareness and to enrich people's spiritual world. In this regard, from the historian Sima Qian's point of view, calmly observed that after scouring through the surging tide of history (such as after Ebb Tide), historical figures are still not gone away, and their spiritual, social activities, analysis and synthesis, to put forward the basic principles of writing historical figures; this principle is the Sima Qian evaluation criteria of historical figures, but also how the life he admonished the criteria for future generations. Sima Qian in his comprehensive theory of "Historical Records" as a character biography is the case when the say: "Sukeyoshi suave, do not make have the timing is wrong, meritorious service name in the world for 70 biography." ("Records of the Historian - Sima Qian Preface") "Fu Yi Ti Tang" was about ethics, style; "do not have the timing is wrong that" is good at talking to grasp the opportunity, opportunity; "meritorious service name in the world" is about the world as the Utilitarian goals. Clearly, in Sima Qian view, he wants written into the "Historical Records" of historical figures, generally belong to this type. However, Sima Qian the absolute point of view but it is not a to treat this criterion of; him under the history document, are living to draw some World broker villain, but Zhengyinweiyou these people's existence, Cai also set off those Xie Chu into the history books of the outstanding figures of the real character. From here, we can see that the so-called "supporting justice suave," and so, this is the Taishi hall hope to future generations, future generations should be that "self mirror", to make a decent and adapt the trend of history, the benefit the world's people.
Additional information
Added Note 1: Qian birth controversy
145 from before, "Sima Qian Preface" and "justice", is based on the Chang Tang feast of "justice" Note said: "beginning was the first year, moved in 42 years." Was in the beginning the first year (104 BC) up Push for 42 years, it is the emperor Meta five years (BC 145 BC) Wang Guowei, Liang, etc. This says the Lord. 135 from before, "Sima Qian Preface" and "Solitude", according to Jin Zhang, "Natural History" "the doctor Sima Qian, 28 years old in June Mao B, rock it." That is, three years of Han Feng Yuan (108 BC), Sima Qian Sima Qian was promoted to warrant the age of 28, thus pushing twenty-eight years on, that Emperor Wu Chien-yuan six years (135 BC) Birth should Sima Qian. Guo, etc. This says the Lord. Commonly used before that.
Hold "Jianyuan years said," who do everything possible to prove that the "Natural History" is, but that Zhang feast "justice" record is wrong. Have the following main reasons: first, the "Natural History" which was recorded in the Han Dynasty in mind cadastre, it Qian recorded the name, age, residence, official post, and an official's salary, etc. Selecting Officials years. So detailed and vivid, is extracted from the Han Dynasty instruments, its true no doubt. This is a raw material, its value far exceeds the general histories of the material. Second, Sima Qian, "A Letter" in one sentence: "Unfortunately, this early loss of two pro-servant." In terms of "justice," said the emperor Sima Qian was born in Ghost five years, the yuan closed the first year (BC 110 years) have On the death of the father when Sima, Sima Qian should be 36 years old. Normally, 36-year-old dead parents can not say "early loss of two parents." In terms of "Natural History" says, Sima Qian was born six years of Emperor Wu Chien-yuan, or 26-year-old Fusi that early loss of parents is still plausible. Third, Sima Qian, "A Letter" as the sign and two years (91 BC), the emperor if he was born in Ghost five years, this year should be 55 years old, he did doctor is around 20 years old excursion things came back, then he should say more than 30 years under Guilt chariot wheel was. Obviously, Sima Qian did not even own can not remember things. Only Younger 10, that Emperor Wu Jianyuan six years, they are to meet their say.
To the "Ghost five years, said the emperor," who according to Zhang addition to a feast of "justice", but also raised the following questions or arguments. First, Wang Guowei, "Sima Qian Biography of Poet," in reference to that future generations, "Natural History" so on "28" should be "38" mistake. "Justice" Note that was in the beginning years, Sima Qian, "Office 42" is correct. Second, according to <Records • Ranger Biographies> contained in the Emperor Yuan Shuo years (127 BC), ordered the financial resources of around three million cents stronger and more well-off tenants to move Maoling cord, Guo Jie and much property, but also forced migration, Sima Qian also met Guo Jie, he said: "I view Guo Jie landscape ever less human, less than collecting the speech." Qian was born in Jianyuan six years if, at that time was nine, and never could people have such a profound observation and psychological activities. If the Ghost by Sima Qian was born in Yang Ling, five years, the age of 19 years, it seems more appropriate. Third, under the "Han • eras," Qian told Kong Anguo classical learning, however, according to "Historical Records • Peer Confucius" and "Mirror", Kong Anguo in Yuanshuo years to Dr. Sima Qian Yuan Shuo years In side-year-old, one-year-old child can not go to Imperial College to ask for advice and a talk by the Master of the problem; if Ghost was born five years of the emperor, the years of 19 years, it seems more reasonable. Sima Qian's life experiences a lot of controversy, birth age is the most controversial.
The Aspirations of Sima Qian as superstition is worship day set up by the Han Emperor Wu, the specific terms of reference is different from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty Han Emperor after the Taishiling Annals as Chun said: "Han-yi note Aspirations, Emperor home, located in the prime minister on. the world first on a plan of Sima Qian, deputy at the prime minister, ordered things such as ancient Spring and Autumn. moved after death, Xuan its officials to order the book line too Shigong Wen it. ". "Han" record: Aspirations trial students can satirical book more than 9000 words, be trusted as history. You Yi trial of six bodies, most are thought Book of course, censor, historical and Rice. Emperor Zhao of Han and his daughter is the prime minister Ms. Yang Chang, "Chinese old instrument", "Xijing Miscellaneous notes," when such records until the Han Emperor, Sima Qian was no longer the position held by the descendants of Sima Qian, there is also a view that Qian had not been sentenced Han castration, so Han will not superstitious emperor established himself as Sima Qian Chong Tianjing, under God, Jamsil. Li Ling is a lot of historical records also recommend serving Sima Qian, and Qian Li Ling surrendered possible before the Huns died. In Sima Qian Sima Qian of the Han and Zhong Shuling as, after the death of his descendants are still to the world as the official Sima Qian, the period until the abolition of Han Emperor Sima Qian, Taishiling reduced, eliminated Sima Qian Sima's official status of the world.
Added Note 2: Sima Qian was born in controversy
"Sima Qian preface," saying: "to move students gantry, Gengmu scenery of the sun." This gantry where there has always been two different views, one that in this Hancheng, a say in this Hejin County.
The first person who Hancheng the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said, feast, in his "Historical Records", "justice", said: Longmenshan Zhongyang County in the summer (now Seoul). Meanwhile, the Seoul to live with a ghost village of Dongxiang Xu Feng, the same two surnames, are themselves as descendants of Tai Shi Gong. They claim, originally for the Sima family name, because Sima Qian by castration, future generations are dishonorable, change the name: in Antonio's "Secretary" word on the left plus pricked, a "same" character; in the "race" word on the left plus two become the "von", which tied for Hancheng zhichuanzhen Sima Qian Temple for support.
Those who said that Hejin County, since ancient times, Longmen (including the Mountains, Yumenkou) are recorded in the county in Shanxi Hejin. Yellow River from northwest and southeast of the Yumenkou, a sharp turn to the north Nanliujiang is Sima Qian said, "Gengmu rivers and mountains of the sun," the place. It is reported here has been called "Chinese hometown of Sima Qian Sima" monument, but unfortunately destroyed when the building water conservancy projects Cibei. And now the residents of the village still Sima name.
Translated by Google