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(A) the role of education and educational purpose
Three Grades of tui promote said he humanity is divided into three classes, namely, Sophia person, Zhi Xia Yu and moderation of person. He said: "Sophia is made not to teach, although teaching useless Zhi Xia Yu, the mean people, I do not know also do not teach." He believes that the person is not education, Sophia, as Sophia is a gifted talents, not to learn knew, do not teach Since the dawn. Second, Zhi Xia Yu Man "although education useless", although he taught, are ineffective, because "Zhi Xia Yu" can not be changed. Tui stressed the mean people must be educated, because education will not be without knowledge, caught in "unknown" state of ignorance. The role of education is that education mean in person, so perfect virtue, an increase of knowledge.
The purpose of education, tui said: "The scholars of ancient man, way street to facilitate the world also; this the scholars have been, self-cultivation in order to enter also." Doers of the word "Tao" is naturally the Confucian doctrine that is preached Confucian That set of political ideals and moral cultivation of the content; "cultivating a view into the" thinking originated from Confucius, "has been revised to Anren" good "to have" (good moral training) to more effectively "Lee is also the world "(the country and the world in). Proceeding from this educational purposes, tui critical education scholar at the decadent and declining seriously divorced from reality, who trained group of incompetent incompetent, shallow knowledge, lack of practical ability dormant. He believes that traditional Confucian education must be reformed, neither culture is difficult to be the world's talk at home by the service, nor is it empty and shallow, Dr. Chapters useless, but in the country in all aspects of the practical effectiveness of the rule of qualified personnel, which includes: the court of Robinson, History of the minister, the military of the minister, the minister Gracilaria screen, mission of the minister, the minister made Xing. From politicians to a variety of specialized personnel, should be training. These people should be specifically Seiichi level, with "WTO mission" capability, the actual usefulness of national talent. Tui's views, to break the traditional Confucian culture abstract gentleman, the saint's educational objectives, and a variety of useful talents as an important goal of education.
(B) of the contents of education
In order to develop "way street to facilitate the world" practical people, tui promote "real learning" educational content. He believes that people must be trained "with the thick German Art." The so-called "moral", that is to restore the traditional Confucian moral education, to strengthen the education Filial Piety and righteousness. The so-called "art", that is, to restore education in the Confucian classics and chief and the "100 Book", and the legacy of social practice students need knowledge and skills.
It is worth noting that Yan emphasized scholar children to "know the difficulty with farming," to learn some knowledge of agricultural production, agricultural production, this is contempt of Confucius's attitude is different.
(C) the attitude and approach of learning
1. Open-minded and pragmatic: to promote open-minded and pragmatic tui learning attitude, he was opposed to arrogance, pride, flamboyant style of study.
2. Bo Xi-Guang, see: tui said: "View of the book is not all over the world, not to jump to orpiment."
He thought that only as much as possible to expand the scope of access to knowledge and to compare the knowledge learned to identify, to closer to objective truth. He advocated not only to read, but also access to the World Service, membership in order to develop their own independent thinking, the so-called "learned of the request, without exception, are conducive to do."
3. Diligence and treat time: tui emphasizes learning to assiduously, diligent efforts, he listed the history of many moving examples of how even the dull, as long as the tireless dedication to study, you can achieve proficiency and skill level. At the same time, he must learn that human life should cherish every moment, the young "to be solid early education," youth are not "lost opportunity" in his later years if the "loss of their prime, still night school, can not give up on itself." Early learning, he said, "such as the rising sun light", promising; the "old and scholars", though such as "Night candlelight," but better than "cannot the no see" much better.
4. Mutual consultations: tui appreciation for "Shang" in "and ask questions while Yu" and "Learning" in the "no study alone, the Gu Lou and the few news," saying, to promote mutual consultations between the teachers and friends, each blind that the only question in the study and ask for advice and Shang Hao exchange views and learn to quickly enhance their knowledge and avoid mistakes.
(D) of Family Education
1. Promote teaching as soon as possible
Tui that family education should be conducted as soon as possible, conditions should also be implemented when the unborn child prenatal care. After the birth of children, it should be clear Baixiao Ren, etiquette and justice "and guide the learning." Longer to see if he "know people color, Appreciating joy, anger," when on the additional meaning "teaching" the right thing to do to guide him, should not do not let him. That education go to 9 years of age, since the can "less as if nature, habits such as natural."
2. Promoting rigorous education
Tui start that family education should be strict, and Tsz Yan combined small and blind children can not spoil, and laissez-faire parents before their children to be serious and solemn, there is a certain prestige. He said: "Parents have dignity and compassion, the children born Shen Wei Xiao carry on." He believes that good education of their children parents can care for and educate their children together, will receive good results. Conversely, if not handled relations between the two, "no religion and there is love," so that children willful indulgence, will make a big mistake.
3. Pay attention to the environment began to absorb
4. The family's language education
He believes that language learning should be an important part of children's education. Education in the family, children learn the correct language, is an important responsibility of parents. Concerning a thing, without traced, hesitant to address. Learning a language should be noted that standards should not emphasize dialect, to attach importance to common language.
5. Emphasis on moral education
Tui inherited the Confucian filial piety righteousness, etc. to the main content of the traditional code of ethics, very much attention to moral education of their children. He believes that children's education scholar should be "de Arts Hou" to moral education as a fundamental. He pointed out that knowledge and education is the foundation of moral education, and moral education. Since the close relationship between the two German Art, it is possible, it is necessary to record previous moral example by reading books means to carry out moral education.
Tui moral education of their children, based on filial piety, and others based on ethics and moral education in order to establish the righteousness of the faith as the main task, to practice virtue and the ultimate goal. He taught the children to practice virtue and moral standards, should at any cost, even their lives. He determined that the more important, the children only by establishing lofty elite ambitions, ideals, it can withstand any suffering, perseverance and great achievements. He said: "those who are interested still was able to sharpen, to the prime business." Educate their children in order to implement his political thinking of Yao and Shun ambitions, inherited the family business for generations, focusing on integrity of the culture, not to attach power and privilege, Qu Festival officials to seek life goals.
Tui based on their experience with the reality of that time, special attention should live education. He emphasized live by, first of all "heavy" ("thin" anti-sense). He believes that "since time immemorial scholars, many trapped light," many scholars of history by "thin" and is finally defeated by the worst, kill residual case of disaster. He believes that to learn this painful lesson, we must cultivate loyalty, filial piety, humility, courtesy of these "heavy" in morality. Secondly, he advocated "Shao Yu contentment." If "I do not know their poverty" Emotional allowed to develop, not be restricted, that is, such as emperor, Han Wu Di "full of universal, you as the Son of Heaven," the big man will and seeking lost tired, not to mention for the general Shishu. Third, the "no much to say," "no many things." Tui appreciate the "no much to say, say much more than abortion; no many things, many things more suffering," the Ming words, that "Heaven", that was it. Therefore, "On the political gains and losses," "offer letter word meter", etc., all belong to dwell nature. Similarly, nor should do more. If not your job to, you do not like it, do not do it. As for justice, something for it, "Ranger of the believers, which is also non-gentleman." Thus, tui are taught to their children should live, in four of his official calendar of lessons learned in the political corruption, political affairs of the changing feudal autocratic society, after all, a world in Sangluan of self-preservation, so that " all-powerful "in philosophy. However, in today's perspective, this life attitude of life is not to be taken, and it reflects a recluse, selfish thoughts emotions, and Confucianism's positive attitude towards accession to the WTO also has a great distance.
Translated by Google