| Last Name： | 武 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Name： | 曌 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Web/Pen/Nick Name： | 则天顺圣皇帝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Township： | 并州文水 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tomb： | 乾陵 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Read works of Wu Zetian at 百家争鸣 Read works of Wu Zetian at 诗海 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
武则天
武则天Li Shimin of the Tang Empress Wu is the only person Gaozong Li Zhi, the Queen. Taizong called "seductive woman." To help deal with her military affair Zong, Sato holding court administration three years later, pro-an emperor, the emperor claimed the Holy Spirit, in the event of waste Zuo Tang, changed its title to week, becoming the only unprecedented in Chinese history the Queen. From her participation in affairs of state, claimed the emperor, to move the sun palace disease, nearly half a century after the ruling, deck "Golden Years", the next Kai "Golden Age Kaiyuan", known to history as "Zhen Guan legacy" historical achievements, Visible known to the world. As an impartial evaluation of her Soong Ching Ling: Empress Wu is "feudal outstanding female politicians."
The days of his childhood Satoshi Huimin Li, extremely good expression, courage Superman. Her father was deeply possible to create people, then teach her to read and write, so she understands the World management. History set, then the days of 13, four, has been read, encyclopedic knowledge, poetry and songs also laid a foundation, and longer than the calligraphy, the word state does not base Zhuo Luo.
Zhenguan 10 year (637 years), 14-year-old Vu Thi with handsome looks, selected the Palace, and a glimpse of "that person." Palace, the Emperor Taizong then give number "seductive woman." Met Lee after treatment.
Zhenguan 20 years (649 years), Taizong died, the days with all concubines, sent Chang a sense of industry, he shaved his head for the Nepalese temple. The nine Taizong Li Zhi's reign, due to earlier and the day got very dark through kindness, her great interest, then by a sense of sacrifice in the name of the industry came to Temple, the two met Tisi a cross flow. Queen's palace Wang dignified modesty does not specifically favor Li Zhi, has been ignored for years, favored the Xiaoshu Fei for Li Zhisheng has a child and two women, therefore, Xiao Shufei dominate the harem. And the king and queen did not, and Yong Wang Xiao Shufei son was given the title, according to Tang practice, the Queen's eldest son as crown prince, son of the rest have a number of possible labeled Yong Wang. Xiaoshu Fei's son a glimpse of, is not meant Xiaoshu Fei will be promoted to a product of the second concubine, a Queen? Empress Wang to keep his seat, deliberately so that the emperor granted access Vu Thi palace, so that two persons have suffered the pain Acacia. Queen hurdle passed. Vu Thi then successfully entered the palace. Queen thought the King was originally Xiandi Vu Thi concubine, and the low status of the emperor would not give her any birthright, then let her inside the palace against Xiaoshu Fei and losses, beneficiary of their own. May be doing so, she gave themselves too much about constructing a tomb, Empress Wu rose to become the first victim of the road. After two or three years into the official Vu Thi, Jin called "Zhao Yi." Yonghui six years (655 years), very popular favorite of the Empress Wu Zong, including the Palace of the struggle is certain to win, and to date has been established to promote the post-Zong. However, in feudal society, the Queen of the waste legislation is the affairs of state and minister of state have agreed to. When the Empress Wang Zong to waste, establish the day as the Queen's intention to Chu Sui-liang, a senior official description Sun loudly and so loyal, immediately met with strong opposition. They think that Vu Thi humble, not the post, and Taizong collapse, he had made "good children good wife" should not waste Empress. However, the Empress Wu Zong claims have also been complicit in Xujing Zhong and Li Yifu, and some very weapons the DPRK to send support. Suddenly, after the daughter of Empress Wu died pro, then known as the king of Queen's killed, forcing Gaozong finally in October this year categorically Ban Zhao, waste Empress Wang, formally established the day as the Queen's books, books up the queen, the Empress Wu Empress Wang, Xiao Shufei hands and feet cut off, put it in the jar, the called drunk bone. Severely cursed: "Look you two can not stand up!" This Xiaoshu Fei and Wang Queen's two young lives ended so bloody. To force the death sentence for his pro-uncle, Zong Sun loudly.
Significant celebrate five years (660 years), suffering from wind Zong Li Zhi, dizzy, head can not be regarded, then issued an edict Empress Wu associate political affairs commission. Since then, the day people from further political participation in power, "demote and promote life and death, depends on its mouth, just hand over the Son of Heaven," although people behind the scenes, but real power remote control of the court. Later, Gojong regret, attempts to recover the power, and secretly ordered the book after the abolition of assistant minister Chao Norm grass. It turned out that machines do not close, "seeking vent to no avail," Empress Wu Shou La harden, pre-emptive, legislation will be the Norm and death. Gojong move, fall short, even more vigilant against making Empress Wu.
Empress Wu, the eldest son of Li Hong died of illness, the second son of Li Xian exile (later killed), three sons were spent, and the fourth to be crowned Empress Wu, the renamed Wu wheel.
Although tired of his act arbitrarily Zong, many national issues can not but rely heavily on her. Thus, to Empress Wu gradually from behind the scenes to the front, has come up with Pro Capital Pavilion Zong temple to worship with the acceptance of the ministers. Lantern reign (674), No. Gojong Emperor, Empress of days later, the whole world that the "two holy." Since then, Gojong useless, Tang power, all in the hands of Empress Wu the day.
Second, is to amend the "clan-chi" to "registered name", the original with "clan-chi" can not be included in the Vu Thi, in the "Last Name recorded" in, but as the name of the first and so on, this does not change the Family Idea only Empress Wu to improve the status of a military performance.
Terror beheaded, a wide range of the movement, fully exposed the Empress Wu of the cold and decisive.
AD 690, Empress Wu that the person throne of the conditions are ripe, the first method specified by Foseng mouth widely preparing public opinion: "Empress Wu Buddha reincarnation as contemporary as the emperor of Tang." Followed by single-handedly directed, to 60,000, led by Tang Yejong subjects on the table urged forward, please change the country's soul. Thus, the conditions are ripe, the days of Empress Wu in the "last days show respect," "obedience rather controversial" and "Long live" sound, the boarding big treasure long to realize the dream, changing Tang for "weeks", since the number "Holy Emperor" . This year, she is 67 years old.
If, Empress Wu in the 30 years before the emperor in power politics and political career, has shown surprising political strategy and means. So, ten years after the emperor, even more fully demonstrated her employer, doing things, all aspects of running the country and other excellent political skills and courage of politicians.
For agricultural production, the days are very seriously. She said: "The founding of the country, will be in farming," "farming the field cultivated, cultivated field were more than millet, millet as many people rich." She provides, make "Tianchou reclaim home with surplus grain" of local officials promoted; "for the government harsh abuse, account current shift" and "mild cases Demotion, even for non-time solution." Thus, the ruling in her era, agriculture and handicrafts have been developed greatly. Growing population. At that time, Yonghui as 3.8 million households in the entire country, to the day of death of the dragon emperor, cumulative 615 million, nearly doubled. This alone can see that this period of agricultural economic development.
Of course, Wu Zhao power nearly a half century long period of time, and many mistakes. She re-oppressive officials reward informers. So many officials rampage. They torture, indiscriminate killing of innocent people falsely accused others, so many Wenchen generals 蒙受不白之冤. Although the right to consolidate Wuzhou Zheng played some role, however, rule out internal conflicts intensify, insecurity will inevitably affect the country's governance and production. She let go and election officials to make dramatic bureaucracy. Increased expansion of the bureaucracy is bound to increase the people's burden. She later years grandiose, extravagant living, Treasury-consuming and labor. This is a varying degree and delay the development of productivity. However, these errors and mistakes, after all, is the Empress Wu's political career in the tributaries. As she was the only female emperor in history, be able to overcome the era of the rule for half a century, the formation of a strong centralized, social stability, economic development, the contractor, "Golden Years", the next Kai "Kai Yuan Golden Age ", get rid of the current problems, develop production, improve the examination, get rid of Family Idea, eclectic capable personnel appointments, follow the historical trend, drastic reform. Empress Wu's achievements are accompanied by each of the conflict, as Mr. Lin Da-called "ray of sunshine per cast, it cast a shadow." Empress Wu's death in a thousand years after, people's evaluation of her repeatedly changed, such as Tang Dynasty evaluation of her relatively positive, more positive; since the middle of the revival of Confucianism from the Tang to the Song Neo-Confucianism in China accounts for ideological dominance, so from the Southern Song Dynasty Empress Wu's evaluation of the continued low, the famous thinker Ming and Qing Wang Fu-chih for the evaluation of Empress Wu is: "The spirits are not to be, subjects of the total complaints"; to modern feminism as movement, it also gives the color of Empress Wu women's liberation.
705 years, the prime minister of Cambodia by Empress Wu Zhang old in critical condition, his position in the cases of reduction, respect for Vu Thi as "the days of the Great Sage King." In the same year the winter, Vu Thi died at the age of 82 years, Yi Zhao, "to No. Timor, saying the days of the Great Sage Queen." Li Bai, the Tang Dynasty Empress Wu as a "seven holy" one.
According to Lin Yutang, "Empress Wu Story," Empress Wu life murder of 90 persons total (not including their being involved in the family). Including her own relatives Twenty-three, thirty-four of Tang imperial family, court minister 36 (not including their lackeys). This is a damn how much inside, how many cases of injustice; number indeed victimized by Empress Wu, the number of people falsely accused of the Empress Wu, this account had to be left to historians to forget slowly. CCTV "Lecture Room" - montmin that Tang Dynasty Empress Wu, there are some records.
People Stories
Empress Wu is also a poet, "Full Tang" and have their poems recorded in 58, mostly temples and pay homage to the making, however also have in mind travel between the lyric poem, the "ideal mother" poem:
Zhu Cheng Bisi have to see, haggard fragmented as Yijun.
Do not believe in tears compared to regular, out of the box experience to take good graces.
As the Queen of Empress Wu, was a strong man, giving the impression left behind Girls eyebrows, however, as a woman, there are lingering affection, tenderness Flow's side, this poem can be seen.
Empress Wu also "Fortunately, the Prince Court on Xuan Zhao," a poem:
Tour the Ming Court, Huo Ji know of spring.
Send flowers to night, Mo to be dawn wind.
According to "New Book of Tang Yi Wen," recorded with Empress Wu "Chuigong set" 100 volume "Wheel Set" 10 works has been Lost. It is series of "Empress Wu Collection" line known to the world.
People Chronicle
1-year-old Emperor in Tang Wu De seven (624), 23 the first month (calendar February 17), was born in Lee State (now in Guangyuan City in Sichuan Province). Father, warrior Yue, 48 years old, he was appointed minister of works and sentenced six Cao Shang things. Mother, Yang, 46 years old. Half-brother Wuyuan Qing, Wu Yuan Shuang longer, one sister is still immature.
3-year-old ethics have eight (626) June fourth day, Li Shimin launched "Xuanwu Gate Incident", kill his brother Li Jiancheng, Di Li Yuanji. Seventh day, was established as a crown prince Li Shimin. August eighth day, Emperor in Tang prince Li Shimin Li Yuan Chuan is located. On the 9th, came to the throne Prince Li Shimin, the Emperor Taizong. Military governor for the Yuzhou samurai Yue Feng.
5 years old, Zhen Guan years (628 years) June 15, Li Zhi (Gaozong) was born. This year, 袁天罡 physiognomy for the military, left overturned in the local customs, such as Wang Yun Po legend.
12 years old, nine-Zhen Guan (635) early in May on the 6th, emperor died long Anda An Palace Chuigong Hall. Warrior emperor of Yue sick in mourning the death at the age of 59 years. October 27, buried emperor in Sanyuan Xianling, Temple name emperor, and Queen Mu buried too. After the water with his mother Yang palindrome (an Shanxi Luliang City) buried father.
14 years old, eleven years Zhen Guan (637), Taizong Li Shimin heard of samurai Yue talented daughter of beautiful, intelligent, selecting him for the palace, established as a person, give number "Wu Mei."
16 years old, Zhen Guan 10 years (639 years), there are 358 state capital, county 1551. Korea, Silla and Western Turki, Tocharian, Hong States, Yasukuni, Persian, Kashgar, Khotan, Yanqi, Gao, Lin Yi, Kunming and other chiefs have sent envoys tribute.
20 years old, Zhenguan 17 years (643) April seventh day, Taizong Li Li Zhi, the crown prince.
23 years old, Zhenguan years (646) March Chujiu, Taizong was seriously ill, even ordered the military State Committee of Prince Li Zhi, Maintenance and treatment. Since then, Prince Edward hearings the next day, North Korea stop, Rushi Diet, Wu and the prince came into contact with, the two serve the same side in Taizong disease.
25 years old, Zhen Guan 2 years (648 years) the first month, Taizong as "Emperor Fan" 12, gave Prince Li Zhi.
26 years old, twenty-three years Zhen Guan (649) May 26, Taizong issued an edict Sun loudly, Chu Sui-liang Lee Prince adjuvant treatment. Taizong Jiabeng. Under the old law, the emperor's death, not to the emperor's concubine Health prince, to do nun. On the 28th, Wu Temple monks and nuns in the sense of industry in Nepal. June started this, Prince Li Zhi ascended the throne, as Gojong, when he was 22 years old. August 28, buried Taizong in Zhaoling, buried with the Empress.
27-year-old Yong Hui first year (650 years) the first month sixth day, Zong Li Fei Wang empress. May 26, Taizong and death, Gojong to the Temple of the Hong sense of industry, see Wu Mei. Vu Thi cry, Gaozong sad tears. Queen Wang no child fell out of favor, that this, use Wu Mei and implied Vu Thi long hair, and persuaded the emperor received the Hui Gong.
28-year-old Yong Hui years (651 years) in August, Wu palace, palace ladies in general, the king of Queen's side.
29 years old, Yonghui three years (652 years) two days in July, Li Zhong (Chen Wangzhong) the crown prince. On the 12th, the Ministry of play: 3.8 million households across the country. Winter this year, the eldest son of Li Hong Takefu.
31-year-old Yong Hui five years (654) March, as Zhao Yi Feng Wu. March 14, Gaozong should force the request, bonus hero Qu conflict through military ethics, warrior Yue and other 13 officials. Jun, Wang Chong Queen Queen's uncle to see the reality of decline, from please Dismissed from Office, Board of Civil Shang change labeled. December 17, from Imperial Zong Ye Zhao Ling, Wu from the line, the second son of Li Xian in the way of Health.
33 years old, was Qingyuan years (656 years) the first month sixth day, falling as the King of Liang Prince Zhong, Liang prefectural governor, the crown prince Li Hong Li Wu Houzai. February 17, posthumously as Empress Wu Yue warrior father Stuart, Awarding Zhouguo Gong. March 17, Empress Wu silkworm in the northern suburbs before worship. April 14, Zong and Empress Wu Ying Xuan Zang in the concept of Anfu gate Emperor Jionji inscription. Since Wei has never had such a grand Buddhist activities. September 12, Empress Wu system "Dukes Commandments" offer to the DPRK. November fifth day, the third son of Li Xian Wu Housheng at Chang'an.
34 years old, was celebration two years (657 years) on February 12, Xian Feng Zhou Wang.
36 years old, was celebrate four years (659 years) June 22, Gaozong edict to change, "clan-chi" to "registered name" to the royal family and the family after the first such official by key dynasty were five items Journal of persons into the stream. July, killing Sun loudly and Liu-seok. September, Gaozong edict to stone, rice, history, Ta, Andy Cao, pull sweat it, miserable DA, Shule, Chu Ju semi-government and other countries home to 127 counties, the national territory expanded.
37 years old, was celebrate five years (660 years) the first month, Zong and Empress Wu and Prince Edward in Luoyang in the New Year. On the 23rd, and from Luoyang to the state. February tenth day, to and state. On the 15th, met with followers officials, and various pro-and elders and other state Guan Zhu. March fifth day, Empress Wu entertain relatives and old friends neighbors in Chodo, feast woman in the Inner Temple. Eighth day, Zong-Wu Yu and states west of the city say, lead the ministers parade. April eighth day, Gojong, Empress Wu and his party from and back to the East are. October 9, change letters on behalf of the Lady Yang Wu stepmother who was Rongguo Fu, quality first. This month, the wind dizzy patients suffering from early Gojong, dealing with part of the Administrative Committee of Empress Wu, since then, Empress Wu participate in affairs of state, doing things in line with Gojong decree.
38 years old, guang first year (661 years) the first month, Empress Wu please Comedians women against the world of opera (the ancient artists that comic acts), Gaozong adopted and issued an edict. April, want to personally led troops attacked Korea Zong, Empress Wu remonstrances against the table that can not, be adopted.
39 years old, guang years (662 years) in June in retaliation, Wu Housheng fourth son Li Dan was cool of Penglai Palace with the house for Buddhist services at the hall for like jade. July started this month by Prince Li Dan, Amnesty world, Ciyan three days.
41 years old, Lin Tak first year (664 years) in December, seeking abolition of the West Queen Norm Taiwan assistant minister failed to imprison. On the 13th, killing Norm and so on, giving Prince Zhong dead waste. Since then, Gojong as North Korea, Empress Wu curtain on, the foreign call "two holy." About this year, Wu Housheng Princess Taiping.
42 years old, Lin Tak years (665 years) on October 28, Gojong, Empress Wu and Prince Edward to Mount Fengshan, civil and military guards of honor from driving hundreds of miles is not absolute, since the Korea East and West do the Persian, were followers of States and North Korea. This year, thereby facilitating harvest.
43 years old, Qian Feng first year (666 years) the first month in retaliation, high Zongsi Haotian God in the south of Mount Tai. First two days, closing on top of Mount Tai. The temple, Zen in the first mountain community, Empress Wu to Asia offer. Fifth day, Libi, Gaozong Royal Hajj Forum by Asaga, pardon the world, reign title Qian Feng. On the 6th, banquet ministers. On the 19th, from Taishan. On the 24th, to Qufu, Confucius as Grand Preceptor gift. February 22, also from Bozhou, such as offering Laojunmiao Zong, too, on the respect for the Emperor Xuan Yuan. March 11, Gojong, Empress Wu back of Luoyang. Order engraved "Dengfeng mark the text," stand Taishan.
44, Qian Feng years (667) in September the temple, Gojong prolonged diseases, so that Prince Philip supervise the country, changing Yin Feng Wang Li Dan was with the king.
45 years old, the first year of the total chapter (668) Run in February, Zong Yu Jian Ming Tang. On the 25th, sub-Chang, years two county home Qian Feng, Ming Tang 2 counties to Ming-chi. September 12, Lee Ji captured Pyongyang Korea Wang escapement and the high Tibetan male health minister, is simply to conquer Korea.
46 years old, the total chapter two (669) the first month, letters are all kings Dizi Dukes. The temple in December, Li Ji died.
47 years old, Xianheng first year (670) first month, seventh day, Liu Rengui resign due to old age. March 19, Xu Jingzong retirement pension. August the first two days, Wu Yang stepmother died in the sublime, at the age of 92.
48 years old, Xianheng years (671) first month, seventh day, Zong and Empress Wu from the capital Chang'an to the east are, left Prince Li Hong supervise the country, so Daizhi De, Li Jingxuan and other Colonial.
49 years old, Xianheng three years (672) the first month, to beam product life as handsome, fat Bingtao rebel "Man." 14 surname 30 000 Kunming quite allegiance, set Yin, London, with a total Tri-State.
50, Xianheng four years (673) in August, Gojong malaria, seriously ill, so that the house of Prince Li Hong Yu Yan-fu Zou Shi Shou Zhu Division. November, Gojong producer movement, the "Lantern" and "Two instrument" the "three powers" "4:00", "Five Elements" "Six Laws", "7 G" and "Eight Wind" and "Nine officials" and "Island 10" "may 1 "" Hing Wan "and other songs.
51, Lantern first year (674) August 15, Gaozong Zhuizun their ancestors, to emperor as God Emperor Yao, Emperor Taizong as the civil and military saint, Gojong claimed Emperor, Empress Wu said days later, reign title Lantern Amnesty world. September seventh day, Sun Zong edict complex loudly official post, buried Zhaoling, the grandson of Sun Wing Xijue Zhao public. October 27, Empress Wu on the views of 12, Gojong agree that implementation.
52, Lantern years (675) March 13, Empress Wu worship at Mang Shan to the south of the first silkworm. This month, Gaozong wind dizzy disease aggravated, not hearings, handling government affairs rests with Empress Wu. For Johnson in the Empress Wu Zong, Prime Minister Chun Hao Department admonished only. Empress Wu Shi literature cited in the palace, books, reference, summary table play, known as the "North Gate Bachelor." April 25, Prince Li Hong was killed. Fifth month, chasing posthumous honor the emperor as prince Li Hong. June fifth day, Li Yong Wang Li Xian as Crown Prince, Amnesty world. August 19, buried in the river Yanshi Christine Prince Edward Lee Hong Ling, high clan Piece "honor the emperor Rui De-ji."
53 years old, Miriam the wind first year (676) February seventh day, Empress Wu Zong Fengshan Zhongyue advise Songshan. On the 15th, Gojong even ordered something in the Songshan Mountain this winter. Run in March, good spit attack Shan, profile, river, Fong four states, Gaozong edict stop Fengshan, removal phase such as Wang Dan Lee led his army against Tibet.
55 years old, Miriam the wind three years (678) first month, fourth day, the King and Shii chiefs towards Empress Wu in the fairing doors.
56 years old, first year transfer disclosed (679) May seventh day, that Prince Li Xian Zong supervise the country.
57, Wing Lung Dynasty (680) the first month on the 19th, Wu Hou Dengluo Yangcheng gateway, hosted kings and states were all over the Division Three Grades of provincial governor captaincy, too often played the New "Luk Chun also" dance. August 22, waste Prince Li Xian as common people. On the 23rd, Li Xian as Crown Prince, King, reign title of Wing Lung, Amnesty world.
58 years old, the first year of opening Yiu (681) the first month during the first ten, in order to establish the early Prince, dinner at the Ming Ming Fu Baiguan and officials. On the 29th, issued an edict to avoid Zong Yong, Qi, China, with four states for two years rent. Henan, Hebei Branch tax year by floods. February, Empress Wu Qi Wang on the table, please pardon Kim, Wang Su Festival Poyang crime, is more money for the Mianyang prefectural governor, the prime festival for the mountain prefectural governor, the DPRK is still not allowed to set. July 22, Tai Ping Shao Xue Princesses. Run on July 24, Gojong disease, so Prince Li Xian supervise the country. November eighth day make waste Tai Zixian move Bazhou.
59 years old, Yong Chun first year (682) February 19, according to Huang Sun re the full moon, reign title Yong Chun, Amnesty world. March 25, according to Li Chung-Li Huang Sun Huangtai Sun.
61-year-old, light house the first year (684) the first month started this reign title heir St., Amnesty world, were established in Webster for the Queen. Empress Wu wrote, "Great Emperor Yi Zong discussion" and "stated St. mind." February 6, Empress Wu and Pei Yan and other waste in were Luling Wang, quiet on the other. On the 7th, with Wang Li Li Dan for the emperor, as Yejong, reign title of civilization, governed by the Empress Wu processing. On the 8th, according to the common people waste Huang Taisun weight, flow Wei Xuanzhen in Qinzhou. On the 9th, so Hill Kamiomi to monitor waste Bazhou Prince Li Xian, to prepare for external danger. Wei price to be revised to make hills, shuaibing people create Qianling. March fifth day, spent in Bavaria, Prince Li Xian suicide. April 22, moved to Luling Wang Xian in the room states, on the 26th to move all states. May 15, Gaozong coffin destined for Chang, Empress Wu as a "text book Zong Emperor Great Sorrow", leaving the town of Luoyang. August 11, buried Gojong in Qianling, Temple name Gojong, engraved monument stand out front of the tombs St. mind. September sixth days, reign title Empress Wu light house, changed both the East are to God. On the 21st, Empress Wu chase Wang Qizu: Five Zook has to Lujing Gong, emperor home often Qiu, Beijing Gong Su Wang, ancestor as Qiu Jian, Jin Cheng Yi Kang, Zu Huawei Wang Taiyuan security into the parent Shi Yue To Weizhong Xiao Wang. Li Wen-Five Ancestral water. On the 29th, the name of Xu Jingye to Kuangfu raise an army in Yangzhou. October sixth day, Empress Wu shuaibing 300,000 such that Li Xiaoyi Xu Jingye crusade. On the 18th, cut Pei Yan at all booths. November fourth day, Empress Wu Wei Ying Yeung that left a large black teeth are constantly General South Road for the march of great crusade Xu Jingye Explorer. On the 18th, Xu Jingye rout, the Department will kill Xu Jingye phase after the King surrendered. Li Xiaoyi make chase rump, put down Yangzhou.
62 years old, Chuigong first year (685) the first month in retaliation, because calm Xu Jingye rebel, reign title Chui Gong, Amnesty world. February seventh day, Empress Wu issued an edict: "Chodo the home and Teng Wen Shi Lung Kwu not prevent observe. Have the Chodo Grievance who like to hear by the censor." March 21, then moved to Luling Wang Xian in the state rooms. In April, under the "Seeking" system, the system so that bootstrap. November, Empress Wu as "a solemn side by large order," Writing "Chen Regulation," two volumes, general give court officials in order to teach the road for the minister.
63 years old, Chuigong years (686) the first month, Wu Empress Dowager Fu government to Yejong Li Dan, Li Dan solid so, please continue to governance Empress Wu. Empress Wu started to use merciless. March eighth day, Empress Wu's correct to make bronze, which is a fully functional suggestion box. December, Yong-free and the state population, adjusting the second tax, the end of its body.
64 years old, Chuigong three years (687) the first month the second year, Empress Wu Feng Huang Sun Cheng-Mei Li Hang Wang, Li Longji to the king, Long-industry for the King of Zhao.
65, Chuigong four years (688) the first month fifth day, Empress Wu Li Gao Zu in God, Luoyang, Taizong, Gaozong three temples, such as the Imperial Ancestral Temple offer sacrifice to make 4:00 the instrument. On the 11th, so Qianyuan destroyed the house of local construction Mingtang by Xue Huaiyi supervision. April, Rui Shi Wu Chengsi made for Tang presented with Thailand, the paper said: "Our Lady Pro people, Yongchang the empire." Empress Wu named "treasure map." May 18, Empress Wu Zun Canada known as "Our Lady Queen of God." July started this, Empress Wu was renamed the "treasure map" to "Tianshou St map" to change the Lo is the Lo Yongchang, "treasure map" as the the "holy Map Spring", located on the spring side of Yongchang County. Feng Luoshui God "Vision Hou", Song for the "God King Yue days." You Yi Rui Shi obtained before sishui, change sishui for the wide arms. August 17, Lang Ya Wu Wang Li Chong raised his army against the Queen Mother. Empress Wu Ji crusade to make Confucius God, before the arrival of Lee Chong has been defeated by local troops. On the 23rd Li Chong killed by his old unit. On the 25th, King Yue Li Zhen raise an army in Yuzhou, captured shangcai. In September started this, so left Empress Wu Wei Tao Bao Chong Yu Tai was in the Army, General large mains, Cen Changqian for the military after the big mains, crusade Li Zhen, Li Zhen is cut nationality, surname snake's. On the 11th, a hope, Christine suicide, flat Yuzhou. On the 13th, killing Han Wang, Lu Wang to take part in the rebels. December 27, Mingtang completed, number "Vientiane Shrine" magnificent, allowing people into the garden. Empress Wu has also made in the Ming Tang of the North from heaven, to storage folders like. Awarded "pro enjoy Mingtang system."
71 years old, first year extension set (694) January tenth day, God made Lou teaching ethics Heyuan, the stone, Huaiyuan Ambassador Tian barracks, so do the border camp field. February, Wang Xiaojie beat Tibetan, Turkic and 3 thousand people. Hansi Zhong beat the mud and cooked as soon as such some thousand pounds. On the 16th, Di Ming Xue Huaiyi as cutting a large march against the Road Explorer, the rate of 18 general crusade against Mochuo. August 17, Fan Hu Muyi, donate money to one hundred trillion, please stand Tianshu to Chung King exploits women. Royal Order on-side door hinge cast days.
73 years old, long live the days of the first year book (695) who started the twelfth lunar month (this time has entered the 696), the emperor to the Songshan Fengshan. On the 11th, sealing the Songshan for "Kamioka," Long live the reign title Dengfeng, Songyang County, Dengfeng County, change, change into a county Yang Gaocheng county. Year tax-free world people. March 16, the new Joss House built, smaller than the old, it is called through the temple. April started this line of pro-enjoy gift of the emperor, reign title Viva Babel (Ci Hai, etc. Appendix for March reign title), Amnesty world. May 12, Camp Desert State Qidan Song Li loyal military governor, in the final prefectural governor Sun Wanrong Ju-Bing Cheng rebel, captured the state camp. Lee Khan claimed loyal to Sun Wanrong for Pioneer, Bingzhi tens of thousands. On the 25th, Empress Wu Wei, General Cao Ren Ying Yeung that teacher left, right Kingo General Zhang Xuan Wei big event, Samori Great General Lee Da Zuo, Maren Festival 28 will lead the army crusade. In July, the Emperor Yu Guan Road that Wu Sansi comfort for the Ambassador, preparedness Khitan. Aug. 28 fight at Gap Point Valley, Tang Jun defeat. Then they design the rebels ambushed, Jun Tang army was collapsing. Empress Wu once again send troops conquered. September 21, Mochuo troops to suppress the Khitan emperor made it as Qian Shan Khan. October, Mochuo break loose desert, Krupp Li loyal wife and child. King sealed Mochuo to Jie Li SHI Chanyu down, meritorious service to serve the country Khan. In the fight against the Turks Tang Jun, the near death of Lee loyal defeat. Li faithful dead, Sun Wanrong to receive the pack of their congregation, the military potential revival, the number of intrusive counties, and capturing Jizhou, Hebei vibration.
74 years old, magic the first year (697) three days of April, Kyushu Ding cast. On the 18th, Empress Wu Ling-Wu Yizong, Ho led his army's campaign against Caramel. May eighth day, also makes Lou morality, loyalty his troops 200 000 sand upbraid crusade. June the temple, the emperor, "violence to Junchen count" system, kill to Junchen. On the 30th, beheaded Sun Wanrong to discuss the level Khitan, remnants down in the Turks.
75, St calendar year (698) the first month in retaliation, the Emperor Ji Tong Temple, reign title undergoes. This month, the emperor "of Buddhism and Taoism article flow system" to prohibit the Buddha, Taoists slander each other. March Chujiu, plead illness, so that recall Luling Wang Xian Xu Yanbo. On the 28th, Luling Wang Luoyang to God. August 11, due to demand for Prince Edward Wu Chengsi not Anger died. On the 13th, the emperor to make weapons re-regulation, Zhang Ren intrinsic, Li Zuo and so many discussions shuaibing 300,000 Turks. September 15, Li Dan solid let in Xian, Emperor prospective, Li Xian as Crown Prince. On the 17th, life for the Hebei Road, Prince Edward Marshal to discuss Turks. On the 21st to the Hebei Road Di Renjie Vice Marshal, Marshal know something, God himself off.
76 years old, St calendar years (699) the twelfth lunar month on the 25th, giving Prince named Vu Thi. Amnesty world. February, Tang Song-Shan Guo Gou, Ye becoming immortal Prince Edward Temple, Prince of becoming immortal in the pro-book inscription, erected a monument in the Gou Shan Temple Prince of becoming immortal. April, the Tibetan woman and so favor down. On the 18th, the emperor behind the Prince to prevent incompatible with the surname Wu, so Prince, with the king, Pacific Princess and Wu You cum such as agreement, the heaven and earth to pass Temple, Ming-iron coupons into possession of the Academia Historica. July, 1400 Tuyuhun account submission. This year, change as the Penlon units Hao Ling, Shun Ling is looking Fengtai.
78 years old, big enough the first year (701) three days of the first month, the Buddha made into a trace state is, therefore reign title big enough. August, Suan Heng on the table, please Holy Emperor governance, suppressing Wu Xing Tang. October, the Emperor and Prince Li Xian, Li Dan, etc. with the king returned from Luoyang, Chang'an, Favor of the Yuan Chang, Amnesty world. November, Empress Wu to Guo Yuanzhen as Liangzhou military governor, ambassador Longyou armies. Guo Yuanzhen after arrival, located south of the border population and Yan Xia Town, Northern Territory Qikou white booths set up military, control of its strategic position and expand throughout the state 1500, the Turks not intrusive. Guo Yuanzhen also foster the prefectural governor Lee Han Gan through open set Farming, Wei Mu minoritites five years, curried, sheep everywhere, Lubushiyi, product rations can be supported for decades. December, Empress Wu as his father established Supreme Takaaki great week high and the emperor Monument (also known as Penlon Taiwan Monument) in water, Wu Wen Ling. Monument High 5 of feet wide and 9 feet, 3 feet thick, the inscription of more than 6700 words, is the largest tomb in Chinese history. Inscription written by the Tang dynasty prime minister Li Qiao, recorded the family's origins and his father, Vu Thi warrior Yue's life experience is an important historical document. Is, the daughter of Wing Tai Jun Zhu Xian Li Xianhui and husband Wu Yanji proposed two things because of theft, murder, Sheriff of only 17 years old, were killed along with the eldest son of Shao Xian Li Chung Yun Wang. Princess bestowed upon Yong Tai is the only tomb in Chinese history was the highest known as the "tomb" of the princess.
79-year-old, Chang years (702) the first month on the 17th, the first election will be set before the Wu. June, mother of Great week for the Supreme Takaaki high monument in Xianyang along Queen's Tomb is a large tombstone. Inscription by the nephew of Empress Wu Liang Wangwu think twice written, recorded Young's mother's life experience. November 1, Feng Wang Li Dan was with Stuart. Review of the old Soviet prison life cruel officials, who reversed many. December, the government established the North Chamber is to protect the state court, so that stability and Northern Territory.
80 years old, Chang'an three years (703) the first month in retaliation, so that Wu Sansi, Li Qiao, Zhu Jing, etc. to repair, "historian of Tang." April Chujiu, Tibet sent envoys offering horse 1000, gold 2200 marriage proposal. June started this, they sent envoys please Turkic Mochuo woman married the son of Prince. Is, the Empress Wu in the Lin-De, met with and hosted a dinner for the house of the Japanese Imperial Japanese embassies Awada live.
81-year-old, Chang four years (704) in August, the patient lying Palace of Eternal Youth. October 22, sealing Adam assistant minister of Cambodia for the same Pingzhang Shi Zhang. November fifth day, closing day of official assistant minister Wei Chengqing assistant minister for the line of Phoenix Court, with Pingzhang Shi, Feng Zhang Shou Phoenix Court for the assistant minister of Cambodia.
82 years old, Dragon Dynasty (705) the first month started this reign title dragon. Ill. Edict: "Since civilization has been offended by non-Yang Yu, Ji Zhu Bo Tri-State inverses ringleader, are forgiven." On the 22nd, Zhang Cambodia of Cui Ying Xuan Wei, etc. Prince Li Xian, killing Zhang Changzong, Zhang and Yi, Jin to the emperor chambers, forced to make way. On the 23rd, the Emperor Xian supervise the country, so Prince. On the 24th, mass at Prince Li Xian. On the 25th, Prince Li Xian Ji Diwei, is the case. Li Dan was with Wang Feng Qiu, with Mishina. Princess Taiping Town, plus the country. Make tax-free and this year, up odalisque 3000. The royal family in exile and nationality were not, children and grandchildren are nationals are complex, the amount Syria official post. On the 26th, the Holy Spirit moved on Emperor Yang Palace. On the 27th, in case the rate Baiguan Ye Xian Emperor, the appellation "the days of the Great Sage King." On the 29th, in the cases of Li Xian Feng Cui Xuan Wei to keep within the history of King Hui, Huan Yan Fan for the ears, and Zhang for the days of the official Book of Cambodia, Yuan Shu had been assistant minister for the phoenix chamber, and with Mishina. February started this, in case the rate Baiguan Yang Yi, on the day of the Great Sage asked the emperor official daily, one to every ten days thereafter. Fourth day, the number of recovery cases Tang, Suburban, Sajik, mausoleum, the King, flags, clothing color, before the original text were restored Yong Chun. All of God complex change for the East are, and the North are the state. May fourth day, the temples were moved to week of respect for the ancestral temple in Xijing Chong. Edict: "Vu Thi three generations of a limb, Zou Shi by key not guilty." Sajik Li Tang Imperial Ancestral Temple in East Du, Feng Zhang of the other five were Cambodian king, kings Wushi down for the public. November 26 (AD 705 December 16), the last big Shenghuangdibeng Xianju Yang Gong Temple at the age of 80-year-old. Yizhao to Timor number together with Gojong Ling and Wang Queen's pardon and Xiao Shufei of the tribe.
Dragon years (706) on May 18 and was buried the day of the Great Sage Emperor Qianling. Posthumous said: "the days of the Great Sage Queen."
King Wan first year (710) July 7, renamed "days."
King Wan first year (710) October 18, renamed "Story days."
Extension and the first year (712) June 17, renamed "the days."
Tempo eight (749) June 15, Zhuizun as "the Skyway St Queen."
Qianling Stele of Empress Wu
1. Absent monument's profile
Stele of Xianyang city in the north west, fifty kilometers Qianling. Qianling Sima Road in the east, north soil Que, south Weng Zhong, Shu-sheng Ji Monument West and the relative, Peculiar magnificent, majestic and impressive.
Qianling is Gaozong Li Zhi and buried Empress Wu Ling, Ling side by side with the former two giant stone, a piece of the west side called the "holy monument above (or the name called St. Clement's Monument)", the east is the Empress Wu, an absent monument. "Stated Saint-monument" is singing the praises of Empress Wu Zong standing for the monument, she also wrote a 5,000 word personal inscription, black tablet surface, powder filling word, brilliant. The east is the Empress Wu of the absent monument. Since the Qin and Han dynasties since the emperor want the death to glorifying, the only woman in Chinese history but not the emperor's monument engraved a word.
3. The new discovery and inference
Shaanxi Institute of Cultural Relics in a test when I discover the sun in an absent monument surface, from top to bottom lined with lattice, by research, these are not descendants afterwards. The lattice of each 4 cm long, 5 cm wide and arranged in neat rows. There is only one possible, they are the original lettering on the stone used to prepare, and ready inscription. According to remain in the tablet surface grid computing, inscriptions about more than 3300 words. Why, then, has prepared the inscription engraved on the stone it does not?
Historian to make such a guess: Empress Wu has written well before his death the inscription, and handed over to Xian, Empress Wu shared the field for several decades, much of Cambodia, Prince Ying Cui Xian Xuan Wei, etc., forced the Appellation, the Empress Wu was forced to give way to Xian, the name of "The Week" to restore the "Tang", Xian Although the natural son of Empress Wu, but long and live in fear, though re-registration can not vent their hatred upon the throne, but could not speak mother singing the praises of the good things, had no say engraving, for the Empress Wu left an absent monument.
List of female emperor of China
Northern Wei Dynasty in 528 AD, Emperor of Shame (per girl ①) reign: the reign of Wu Qin less than 1 year
653, Emperor Wen Jia (Chen Shuo true) reign: no less than 1 year in office
Spirit of the Great 690-705 AD, Emperor Zhou (Wu Zhao, Empress Wu)
Reign: Tianshou, wishful, longevity, extension set, holy cards, books day long live, long live the Dengfeng, long live the heavens, divine, holy calendar, as long, large enough, Chang'an, Dragon 16-year reign
Edward Liao emperor in AD 1164-1178 (Yelv general speed End ②) reign Chongfu
14-year reign
Note:
① 528 AD, Emperor Yuan Xu Northern Wei Xiaoming Hu Empress was killed, the National not get no monarch, Empress Wu then hold to a baby girl from the harem, falsely claiming that the son of Emperor Ming Xiao, let the baby do the emperor, reign title "Wu Qin, "Empress Wu soon everyone know to avoid this, then kill the baby, the son of a separate element Hui Yuan Zhao as emperor, is the main Northern child. So that the baby under the manipulation of the Empress Wu, was hurriedly hurriedly came to the throne died, so her name in history with no leaves, generally referred to as "per girl," Empress Wu rushed to the baby girl with posthumous title after No. War Emperor (General Masashi not visible), so the Northern Wei Yuan girl is the first female emperor in Chinese history.
② Yelv general speed End: Liao Yi Ren Yelv out daughter, AD 1163, Ren died, as ancient young Prince Yelv straight Lu, testament Yelv & P said the system completion rate; the year 1164, Jellinek & P official said the completion rate system, reign title Chongfu, No. Empress Dowager, the latter in turn as Gongdie stabbed and Fuma Xiao Xiao Lu is not the control flowers, Yelv general speed End-called Emperor, said Edward King, less than a few days, news leaked, Yelv general speed End killed, Yelv straight Lu ancient throne. Yelv straight rugu posthumous title of "Empress Dowager", she is also the last female emperor in Chinese history.
Later evaluation
Ang on Empress Wu's evaluation, said the days of use of personnel: For income people in particular, aside from the service, meaning the appointment of Philip, Pumping opened the door, enter with no doubt, no tired of visits, not only persons who were recommended also may bootstrap their only. The recommended inevitable, the move is tested, and the modern that Zhirenzhiming, Lei Zhao Lai toast for use ......
Empress Wu Mao commented: Empress Wu was indeed a country of talent, she has both the capacity, but also the wisdom of knowing people, but also employing the technique.
Empress Wu Guo commented: "The government Kai Kai Yuan, Wang Zhen Guan governance."
Wales
1. Taizong Li Shimin (Empress Wu Li Shimin was first brought to the palace for the people, that is one of the harem concubines, two no heirs)
2. Gaozong Li Zhi
Nanchong
1. Xuehuai Yi
2. Shen Miao
3. Zhang Changzong
4. Zhang Yi of
Son
1. Honor the Emperor (on behalf of the King) (had posthumous names - Tang Yizong) Li Hong
2. Zhang Huai Prince (Lu Wang, Yong Wang closure after change) Li Xian (who renamed Li)
3. In the cases of Li Xian (Former Zhe)
4. Yejong Li Dan (formerly Li Xu round, Lee round)
Female
1. Stability Princess early martyrs, was the daughter of Princess Empress Wu adoption female Emperor in Tang dynasty, and changed its title as the Princess and stability.
2. Taiping Princess Li month
Miscellany
According to legend, Emperor Taizong was alive, had asked the teacher telling astronomy, astronomy teacher that the next three years, Li Jie Wang in the hands of a person surnamed Wu. Taizong then killing Vu Thi courtier, did not expect the operators belonging to his side arms seductive woman.
According to legend, a sense of industry Temple period, Li Zhi, a time to worship, see the Empress Wu went down from the clouds. At that time, rivalry with Xiaoshu Fei Wang, Queen, Empress Wu Na have taken their own faction, with Xiao Shufei confrontation, did not expect the two Jie Wang in the hands of Empress Wu.
After Empress Wu and many Nanchong. One of the most famous residents is of course Feng Xiao Bao (Xuehuai Yi), Empress Wu sent him after the White Horse Temple in Luoyang East monk, Farmington Kaneyoshi, but still with Empress Wu adultery. Obon in a particular year, then have gradually fallen out of favor Wai Yi, Empress Wu to discuss attention, fire Ming Tang, the Luoyang fire spread.
Empress Wu order to reform the culture, creating the days of text. Part of the day word also spread to Japan, South Korea, even as the names of some Japanese characters.