閱讀塞萬提斯 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra在小说之家的作品!!! | |||
塞萬提斯出身於馬德裏近郊的一個潦倒外科醫生家庭。 衹上過中學，曾當過紅衣主教的隨從，參軍抗擊土耳其軍隊時左手殘廢，後又被海盜 俘虜，在任軍需員和稅吏時還曾數次被誣入獄，終身窮睏潦倒。1577年他開始文學創 作，寫過哀歌、詩簡、14行詩、長詩、悲劇、喜劇、幕間短劇、田園牧歌體小說、短 篇小說、長篇小說。作品從不同角度深刻地反映了16世紀末西班牙王國走嚮衰落時期 的社會現實，塑造了上至王公貴族下至流氓妓女的各階層人物形象，暴露了封建制度 的黑暗，宣揚了人文主義思想。在創作的指導思想上，他主張作傢的想象力應與歷史 真實性統一起來，作品中進行道德說教應與作品的藝術性統一起來。
著名長篇小說《堂·吉柯德》，Don Quixote，（1602～1615）是塞萬提斯的代表作。小說全名為 《奇情異想的紳士堂吉柯德·德·拉·曼卻》共2捲，主要描寫一個瘦弱的沒落貴族 吉柯德因迷戀古代騎士小說，竟像古代騎士那樣用破甲駑馬裝扮起來，以醜陋的牧豬 女作美賽天仙的崇拜貴婦，再以矮胖的農民桑丘·潘札作侍從，3次出發周遊全國， 去創建扶弱鋤強的騎士業績。以致鬧出不少笑話，到處碰壁受辱，被打成重傷或被當 作瘋子遣送回傢。小說中出現的人物近700個，描繪的場景從宮廷到荒野遍布全國。 揭露了16世紀末到17世紀初正在走嚮衰落的西班牙王國的各種矛盾，譴責了貴族階級 的荒淫腐朽，展現了人民的痛苦和鬥爭，觸及了、經濟、道德、文化和風俗等諸 方面的問題。小說塑造了可笑、可敬、可悲的吉柯德和既求實膽小又聰明公正的農民 桑丘這兩個世界文學中的著名典型人物，將現實主義和浪漫主義有機地結合起來，既 有樸實無華的生活真實，也有滑稽誇張的虛構情節，在反映現實的深度、廣度上，在 塑造人物的典型性上，都邁上了一個新的臺階。小說曾受到馬剋思、恩格斯、列寧及 席勒、歌德、司各特、拜倫、海涅、別林斯基等導師、著名作傢的高度贊譽，在 世界各國翻譯出版了1000多次，成為世界各國讀者普遍熟悉和喜愛的世界文學名著之一。
Famous novel, "Tong Ji Kede", Don Quixote, (1602 ~ 1615) is the Cervantes masterpiece. Full name fiction "strange situation like a gentleman Hall Jikedede different Raman is" Volume 2, the main description of the decline of a thin noble knight Jike De fascination with the ancient novel, feverish as the ancient knights with broken A nag dressed up with ugly girls for the U.S. livestock pig race angel worship lady, then squat farmers Sangqiupanzha for attendants, three times starting around the country, to create the weak and strong knight hoe performance. Resulting in sudden, a lot of jokes, pushed from pillar to humiliation, was seriously wounded or sent home as a madman. Figures appearing in the novel nearly 700 scenes depicting all over the country from the palace to the wilderness. Exposed the late 16th century to early 17th century is the decline of the Kingdom of Spain to the various contradictions, the dissolute condemned the decadent aristocracy, show the people's suffering and struggle, touched, economic, moral, and other aspects of culture and customs issues . Novel shaped funny, honorable, and both realistic and sad Jike De timid peasants Sancho and smart and just two well-known typical characters in world literature, realism and romanticism will organically combine both simple minimalist real life, but also funny exaggerated fiction, reflecting the reality of the depth, breadth, in shaping the character of the typical on all scaled to a new level. Novel had been subjected to Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Schiller, Goethe, Scott, Byron, Heine, Belinsky and other instructors, the famous writer of highly acclaimed around the world, translated and published more than 1,000, as the world national readers generally know and love in the world literary classics.